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Technical Report: Logistics Review of the Beira and Nacala Corridors

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Technical Report: Logistics Review of the Beira and Nacala Corridors Antony Murithi, Regional Logistics Consultant Samuel Mintz (PhD), Ports Specialist Federico Sarguene, Consultant Casimiro Mendonça, Consultant Submitted By: AECOM International Development Submitted to: USAID/South Africa August 2012 USAID Contract No. 674-C-00-10-00075-00 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. PO Box 602090 ● Plot 50668, Tholo Park, Fairgrounds ● Gaborone, Botswana ● Phone (267) 390 0884 ● Fax (267) 390 1027 ● [email protected] www.satradehub.org 2 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 8 1.0 LOGISTICS REVIEW OF THE BEIRA AND NACALA CORRIDORS................. 17 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 17 1.1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 17 1.2 Macroeconomic Performance ......................................................................... 22 1.3 The Corridors Transportation System ............................................................. 23 1.4 SADC Corridors Cluster Concept ................................................................... 24 1.5 Ports ............................................................................................................... 24 1.6 Road Transportation and Infrastructure .......................................................... 26 1.7 Railway ........................................................................................................... 28 1.8 Shipping Developments .................................................................................. 32 2.0 BEIRA AND NACALA PORTS PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 40 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 40 2.2 Profile of Beira and Nacala Ports System ....................................................... 40 2.3 Shipping Lines Serving Beira and Nacala Port ............................................... 43 2.4 Port Infrastructure and Facilities ..................................................................... 44 2.6 Port Equipment ............................................................................................... 47 2.7 Port Charges and Fees ................................................................................... 48 2.8 Port Throughput .............................................................................................. 51 2.9 Port Operations, Productivity and Performance .............................................. 55 2.10 Comparative Analysis of Port Performance .................................................. 60 2.11 Productivity and Efficiency Analysis .............................................................. 62 2.12 Planned and Future Port Development ......................................................... 75 2.13 Legal and Regulatory Framework ................................................................. 79 3.0 CUSTOMS VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS .............................................................. 83 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 83 3.2 SADC Main Instruments on Customs Clearance ............................................ 83 3.3 Mozambique Regulatory and Legal Framework ............................................. 83 3.4 SADC Main Instruments on Customs Clearance ............................................ 84 3.5 The Implementation of SEWS in Mozambique ............................................... 86 3 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub 3.6 Customs Clearing Procedures and Documentation Requirement................... 88 3.7 Applicable Costs for Customs Clearance ....................................................... 90 3.7.1 The Pre-Clearance Issue in Mozambique .................................................... 90 3.8 Applicable Costs for Customs Clearance ....................................................... 92 3.9 Customs Brokers Agency Fee ........................................................................ 92 3.10 Customs documentation clearing charges .................................................... 93 3.10.1 SEWS Charges ...................................................................................... 93 3.10.2 Scanning Charges .................................................................................. 94 3.11 Infrastructure, Management Systems and Operational Efficiency of Customs .............................................................................................................................. 96 4.0 CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ........................................................................... 98 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 98 4.2 Transit Time Analyses .................................................................................... 98 4.2.1 Port Transit time ....................................................................................... 98 4.2.2 Road and Border Transit Time ............................................................... 100 4.2.3 Total Transit Time .................................................................................. 102 4.3 Cost Chain Analyses .................................................................................... 105 4.4 Port Clearing Charges .................................................................................. 107 4.5 Trucking charges .......................................................................................... 109 4.6 Route Cost per TEU-km and per ton-km ...................................................... 112 4.7 Comparative Analyses .................................................................................. 113 4.8 Border Costs ................................................................................................. 114 4.9 Total Logistic Costs for Roads ...................................................................... 115 4.10 Rail Haulage Costs ..................................................................................... 117 4.11 Road and Rail Transport Comparative Costs Analyses .............................. 118 4.12 Logistic Costs of Handling Cargo at Special Export Terminal at Nacala ..... 119 5.0 COMMODITY TRADING LOGISTICS COSTS................................................. 123 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 123 5.2 Import Cargo (Fertilizers) Direct Costs ......................................................... 123 5.3 Export Cargo (Pigeon Peas) Direct Costs .................................................... 127 5.4 Invisible Costs along the Corridors ............................................................... 131 6.0 KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF CORRIDOR EFFICIENCY ..................................................................................... 133 6.1 Key Findings ................................................................................................. 133 6.2 Key Performance Indicators ......................................................................... 135 6.3 Terminal Operations System ........................................................................ 135 4 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub 6.4 Port Capacity ................................................................................................ 137 6.5 Legal and Regulatory Issues and Dwell Time ............................................... 137 6.6 Port Handling Charges and Other Services .................................................. 138 6.7 Current and Planned Infrastructure Development......................................... 138 6.8 Donor and Government Interventions ........................................................... 139 6.9 Key Recommendations ................................................................................. 144 7.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 154 ANNEX 1: LIST OF CONTACTS ............................................................................ 157 ANNEX 2: STATEMENT OF WORK ...................................................................... 168 ANNEX 3: A BEIRA PORT TRAFFIC DATA .......................................................... 174 ANNEX 4: BEIRA PORT TRAFFIC DATA .............................................................. 177 ANNEX 5: BEIRA PORT PRODUCTIVITY DATA .................................................. 180 ANNEX 6: NACALA PORT TRAFFIC DATA .......................................................... 182 ANNEX 7: NACALA PORT PRODUCTIVITY DATA............................................... 184 ANNEX 8: BEIRA PORT GATE CLEARANCE DOCUMENTS ............................... 185 ANNEX 9: BEIRA AND NACALA PORT TARIFFS ...............................................
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