Terms of Reference for Chipata/Mchinji Dry and Liquid Port

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Terms of Reference for Chipata/Mchinji Dry and Liquid Port LOT N° 2: REQUEST N° SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FEASIBILITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERMODAL DRY PORT IN CHIPATA, ZAMBIA 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 Sugar Reform The sugar industry plays a crucial role in the Zambian economy. The industry provides an important source of income ands employment in rural areas, as well as foreign exchange, thanks to the sale of large proportion of the industry's output to export destinations, including the EU. In Zambia, the sugar sector contributes to 3-4% of the GDP and 6% of the National Export Earnings1. As a low cost producer, the sugar industry has the potential to increase its contribution to Zambia's socio- economic development. The 2006 EU sugar sector reform has involved a reduction of EU sugar prices and has required significant adjustment in ACP countries signatories to the Sugar Protocol, which was providing duty free access for sugar, at a guaranteed price. In the light of the reform, Zambia has initiated a reorientation and restructuring of its sugar industry. An adaptation strategy for the Sugar Industry in Zambia has been developed in 2006. It sets out relevant projects that will consolidate and improve the future competitiveness of the Sugar Industry in Zambia. The main areas of intervention include: • The expansion of sugar production through Outgrower Schemes; • A diversification strategy: particularly based on ethanol production for fuel blending and gel fuel, and encouragement of the co-generation of electricity; • The facilitation of improvements to and cost reductions on sugar trade routes; • The development of a sugar trade policy. On this basis, the European Commission has allocated €562,000 to Zambia as "Accompanying measures 2006 for Sugar Protocol Countries". The Government of Zambia wishes to procure the services of a consultancy firm to carry out a feasibility study to determine the viability of establishing a dry port at Chipata to complement the Chipata-Mchinji railway line and strengthen the Nacala Corridor transport route. This study is funded under the Sugar Accompanying Measures and it is intended that the outputs from it will contribute to the facilitation and cost reduction on sugar trade routes as foreseen in the Accompanying Measures especially in the context of the Nacala Corridor. 1 "Action Plan for the Zambian Sugar Industry" LMC International Ltd, March 2006 1 1.2 Transport infrastructures Zambia is landlocked and shares borders with Malawi, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The colonial Government constructed main roads and railways from north to south, passing through neighbouring countries in order to transport copper to the sea ports in South Africa, Angola and Mozambique. Thus, construction of international links was export oriented as opposed to one of creating Zambia as an economic hub in the region. During the post-independence era Zambia continued to use the same network for its imports and exports. The historical pattern of transport development has influenced the development of the current transport system in the country. Zambia continues to use the road and railway network as the main modes of transport for its imports and exports through neighbouring countries to the ports of Dar es Salaam, Durban and to a lesser extent Walvis Bay and others. Given the country's geographical position, the government has realised that its location can serve as a hub of economic development in the region, as most of its neighbours’ transit through it. The Government acknowledged that transportation plays a key role in the development of a modern industrial society, through multi-modal systems operated through various forms of infrastructure including roads, railways, air, inland waterways and pipelines. As a consequence, the Government has taken steps to reform the transport sector and intends to construct railway links with neighbouring countries in order for Zambia to have other alternative routes to the sea ports. The Chipata-Mchinji railway project was conceived in 1982 as a bilateral project between Zambia and Malawi to connect Zambia via Malawi to the Port of Nacala in Mozambique. The Government of Malawi with the assistance of the Canadian Government completed their portion of the railway line in 1984, whilst the Zambian Government could not complete the construction of the line from the time the project started in 1982 due to lack of funds. As part of the Nacala Corridor being developed by Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia, the Government of Zambia appointed Zambia Railways Limited in April 2006 to construct the missing Zambian part in the railway line. The project involves linking Chipata to the Malawian Railway System at Mchinji for onward connection to the Mozambican railway system and to the Port of Nacala. This corridor provides the shortest route for the eastern part of Zambia to the Middle East and the Far East through the deep-water port at Nacala and is being considered as a indicative export route for sugar producers. To date the following studies and works have been completed or are in progress: 9 Pre-feasibility study for the proposed Chipata Dryport 9 the railway formation which was idle for 25 years was overgrown with trees and grass and this has since been cleared and prepared and drainage structures completed; 9 the Chipata railway station building and a siding have been constructed (1982- 1984), but remain to be rehabilitated. 9 mobilisation and movement to site of 80lb (pounds) rails to cover the full length of the track length has been nearly completed; 2 9 earth and drainage works; 9 ballast has been laid with a balance now on order; 9 concrete sleepers have been delivered and a small balance remains (on order); 9 Approximately four kilometres of the track remain to be laid; 9 railway crossing on the Chipata – Mwami road still need to be constructed; 9 laying of the remainder of the track will continue as the remaining ballast, concrete sleepers and track is delivered; and 9 completion of the project set for the end of the third quarter of 2008. Further technical details are in Annex 1 to this Terms of Reference. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSIGNMENT 2.1 Global Objective The overall objective of this study is to contribute to optimising the flow of goods, to and from Zambia through the Nacala Corridor and thus to contribute to the facilitation and cost reduction on sugar trade routes as foreseen in the Sugar Accompanying Measures. 2.2 Specific Objectives This feasibility study is integrated with studies and works to be carried out on the Great East Road under 9th and 10th EDF infrastructure programmes. The specific objectives of the study are: i) to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a dry port and access road for the Chipata/Mchinji Railway Project which would cater for a variety of cargoes (such as cotton, sugar, tobacco and possibly mining and other products), to be transported through the Nacala Corridor; ii) to verify that the legal, institutional and operational status of the railway and port systems between Chipata and Nacala will permit the free and sustained flow of goods through the system to meet demand; iii) to develop preliminary plans and cost estimates for the dry port and an associated business plan for the entity. 2.3 Expected Services, including suggested methodology The team will work closely with the Ministry of Communications and Transport (MCT) through the Director of Planning and Information. He will provide the Consultants with all information relevant to this study, including previous consultancy studies on the Chipata Dry Port, trade flow information, transport infrastructure information, rail concession system information, cadastral and other survey information and designs for the Chipata-Mchinji railway, Chipata station and the proposed dry port, and so on. The team will specifically: 3 1. anticipate, justify and quantify the types of cargo to be handled by the proposed Chipata Dry Port; a. Road - the recent historical, present and 10-year projected outbound and inbound road cargo volumes passing through Chipata; b. Rail – the historical and present volume of Zambian, Malawian and Mozambique outbound and inbound cargo using the Central and Eastern African Railway (CEAR) system through Malawi and Mozambique, by type; c. Cargo - projected daily tonnage of cargo likely to use the Chipata Dry Port, by type of cargo and modal source (outbound d from road, to road and rail; inbound from road and rail to road), giving specific assumptions made; 2. determine the space requirements at Chipata Dry Port site necessary to handle the peak daily cargo storage needs of different categories of cargo (containers, covered storage, fuel tanks, etc); 3. determine the rail, road and other infrastructural and space linkages between the Dry Port and the Chipata Station, indicating whether these are being, or are anticipated to be, funded by Government or others; 4. determine the equipment needed immediately to handle cargo movements through Chipata Dry Port; 5. identify and specify the expected additional equipment needed for the dry port, and the timing of such needs, to meet projected growth over the next 10 years; 6. prepare an outline layout design for the Chipata Dry Port indicating storage, parking, logistical and queuing options; 7. determine the operating cost for the Dry Port; 8. prepare a cost, construction time estimate and financing programme for delivery of a functioning Dry Port, broken down by implementing party; 9. state the lead times necessary to meet the infrastructural and other elements of the dry port establishment (date of arrival of the railway from Mchinji, construction times for access roads, power etc); 10. determine the routing and financial opportunity cost factors for Zambian cargo routing through Chipata to/from Nacala Port over Beira and Durban; 11. determine the tonne/km price differential for the road and rail transport systems to/from Nacala and what impact may this have on the modal split of cargo transport; 12.
Recommended publications
  • Mozambique Zambia South Africa Zimbabwe Tanzania
    UNITED NATIONS MOZAMBIQUE Geospatial 30°E 35°E 40°E L a k UNITED REPUBLIC OF 10°S e 10°S Chinsali M a l a w TANZANIA Palma i Mocimboa da Praia R ovuma Mueda ^! Lua Mecula pu la ZAMBIA L a Quissanga k e NIASSA N Metangula y CABO DELGADO a Chiconono DEM. REP. OF s a Ancuabe Pemba THE CONGO Lichinga Montepuez Marrupa Chipata MALAWI Maúa Lilongwe Namuno Namapa a ^! gw n Mandimba Memba a io u Vila úr L L Mecubúri Nacala Kabwe Gamito Cuamba Vila Ribáué MecontaMonapo Mossuril Fingoè FurancungoCoutinho ^! Nampula 15°S Vila ^! 15°S Lago de NAMPULA TETE Junqueiro ^! Lusaka ZumboCahora Bassa Murrupula Mogincual K Nametil o afu ezi Namarrói Erego e b Mágoè Tete GiléL am i Z Moatize Milange g Angoche Lugela o Z n l a h m a bez e i ZAMBEZIA Vila n azoe Changara da Moma n M a Lake Chemba Morrumbala Maganja Bindura Guro h Kariba Pebane C Namacurra e Chinhoyi Harare Vila Quelimane u ^! Fontes iq Marondera Mopeia Marromeu b am Inhaminga Velha oz P M úngu Chinde Be ni n è SOFALA t of ManicaChimoio o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o gh ZIMBABWE o Bi Mutare Sussundenga Dondo Gweru Masvingo Beira I NDI A N Bulawayo Chibabava 20°S 20°S Espungabera Nova OCE A N Mambone Gwanda MANICA e Sav Inhassôro Vilanculos Chicualacuala Mabote Mapai INHAMBANE Lim Massinga p o p GAZA o Morrumbene Homoíne Massingir Panda ^! National capital SOUTH Inhambane Administrative capital Polokwane Guijá Inharrime Town, village o Chibuto Major airport Magude MaciaManjacazeQuissico International boundary AFRICA Administrative boundary MAPUTO Xai-Xai 25°S Nelspruit Main road 25°S Moamba Manhiça Railway Pretoria MatolaMaputo ^! ^! 0 100 200km Mbabane^!Namaacha Boane 0 50 100mi !\ Bela Johannesburg Lobamba Vista ESWATINI Map No.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Project Brief
    Public Disclosure Authorized IMPROVED RURAL CONNECTIVITY Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT (IRCP) REHABILITATION OF PRIMARY FEEDER ROADS IN EASTERN PROVINCE Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT BRIEF September 2020 SUBMITTED BY EASTCONSULT/DASAN CONSULT - JV Public Disclosure Authorized Improved Rural Connectivity Project Environmental Project Brief for the Rehabilitation of Primary Feeder Roads in Eastern Province Improved Rural Connectivity Project (IRCP) Rehabilitation of Primary Feeder Roads in Eastern Province EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government of the Republic Zambia (GRZ) is seeking to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the management and maintenance of the of the Primary Feeder Roads (PFR) network. This is further motivated by the recognition that the road network constitutes the single largest asset owned by the Government, and a less than optimal system of the management and maintenance of that asset generally results in huge losses for the national economy. In order to ensure management and maintenance of the PFR, the government is introducing the OPRC concept. The OPRC is a concept is a contracting approach in which the service provider is paid not for ‘inputs’ but rather for the results of the work executed under the contract i.e. the service provider’s performance under the contract. The initial phase of the project, supported by the World Bank will be implementing the Improved Rural Connectivity Project (IRCP) in some selected districts of Central, Eastern, Northern, Luapula, Southern and Muchinga Provinces. The project will be implemented in Eastern Province for a period of five (5) years from 2020 to 2025 using the Output and Performance Road Contract (OPRC) approach. GRZ thus intends to roll out the OPRC on the PFR Network covering a total of 14,333Kms country-wide.
    [Show full text]
  • HOW CASHEW NUT SHIPPERS GOT CRACKING M © 2008 Service Parcel United C C ANN ERI KSON 116542
    October 2014 FREIGHT & TRADING WEEKLY MOZAMBIQUE READY, STEADY... MAPUTO GOES FOR GROWTH CUSTOMS MAKES SMOOTH MOVES HOW CASHEW NUT SHIPPERS GOT CRACKING © 2008 United Parcel Service Deliver more Deliver Toll free number: 0860 877 772 free Toll IT’S PEACE OF MIND FOR YOU & YOUR CUSTOMERS & PEACE OF IT’S MIND YOU FOR UPS are the world’s largest express carrier. We have 100 years of From service international and freight the to widest small portfolio packages, of you shipping can solutions. rest assured that when we’re on the job there’s nothing to worry about. IT’S NOT A BADGE A NOT IT’S MCCANN ERICKSON 116542 FTW1473SD CONTENTS www.ftwonline.co.za ozambique is a country full of (mostly) pleasant surprises. There was little talk 10 years ago that it would become a major energy producer. Or that we would see vehicles made in Mozambique. Logistics companies best positioned in the Mmarket are those with their feet on the ground – and readers of FTW, the only freight publication to invest in regular fact-finding visits to SADC countries. FTW’s Africa correspondent, Ed Richardson, reports. Cashew processing in Nampula province, Mozambique. Photo: Ton Rulkens Port of Maputo Photo: Cover Design: Zoya Lubbee Editor Joy Orlek Consulting Editor Alan Peat GENERAL NEWS SEAFREIGHT Assistant Editor Liesl Venter 2 Journalist Adele Mackenzie MODERNISING LOGISTICS HELPING SHIPPERS TO MATCH GROWTH Photographer Shannon Van Zyl 3 18 SAVE COSTS Advertising Jodi Haigh (Manager) Yolande Langenhoven Publisher Anton Marsh SMOOTHER CUSTOMS OPENING NEW Correspondents
    [Show full text]
  • Mozambique 2019 EITI Report English
    Independent Report of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Year 2019 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative │I2A Consultoria e Serviços Index Limitation of the Scope ................................................................................................................... 6 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Scope of Work and Methodology .......................................................................................... 13 1.2 Brief description of the 2019 Standard ................................................................................. 15 Profile of Mozambique .................................................................................................................. 20 Requirement 2 - Legal framework and tax regime, including the allocation of licenses and agreements ........................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Legal framework and fiscal regime (Requirement 2.1) ......................................................... 23 3.1.1 Main legal instruments .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Agrarian Changes in the Nyimba District of Zambia
    7 Agrarian changes in the Nyimba District of Zambia Davison J Gumbo, Kondwani Y Mumba, Moka M Kaliwile, Kaala B Moombe and Tiza I Mfuni Summary Over the past decade issues pertaining to land sharing/land sparing have gained some space in the debate on the study of land-use strategies and their associated impacts at landscape level. State and non-state actors have, through their interests and actions, triggered changes at the landscape level and this report is a synthesis of some of the main findings and contributions of a scoping study carried out in Zambia as part of CIFOR’s Agrarian Change Project. It focuses on findings in three villages located in the Nyimba District. The villages are located on a high (Chipembe) to low (Muzenje) agricultural land-use gradient. Nyimba District, which is located in the country’s agriculturally productive Eastern Province, was selected through a two-stage process, which also considered another district, Mpika, located in Zambia’s Muchinga Province. The aim was to find a landscape in Zambia that would provide much needed insights into how globally conceived land-use strategies (e.g. land-sharing/land-sparing trajectories) manifest locally, and how they interact with other change processes once they are embedded in local histories, culture, and political and market dynamics. Nyimba District, with its history of concentrated and rigorous policy support in terms of agricultural intensification over different epochs, presents Zambian smallholder farmers as victims and benefactors of policy pronouncements. This chapter shows Agrarian changes in the Nyimba District of Zambia • 235 the impact of such policies on the use of forests and other lands, with agriculture at the epicenter.
    [Show full text]
  • Maputo, Mozambique Casenote
    Transforming Urban Transport – The Role of Political Leadership TUT-POL Sub-Saharan Africa Final Report October 2019 Case Note: Maputo, Mozambique Lead Author: Henna Mahmood Harvard University Graduate School of Design 1 Acknowledgments This research was conducted with the support of the Volvo Foundation for Research and Education. Principal Investigator: Diane Davis Senior Research Associate: Lily Song Research Coordinator: Devanne Brookins Research Assistants: Asad Jan, Stefano Trevisan, Henna Mahmood, Sarah Zou 2 MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE MOZAMBIQUE Population: 27,233,789 (as of July 2018) Population Growth Rate: 2.46% (2018) Median Age: 17.3 GDP: USD$37.09 billion (2017) GDP Per Capita: USD$1,300 (2017) City of Intervention: Maputo Urban Population: 36% of total population (2018) Urbanization Rate: 4.35% annual rate of change (2015-2020 est.) Land Area: 799,380 sq km Roadways: 31,083 km (2015) Paved Roadways: 7365 km (2015) Unpaved Roadways: 23,718 km (2015) Source: CIA Factbook I. POLITICS & GOVERNANCE A. Multi- Scalar Governance Sixteen years following Mozambique’s independence in 1975 and civil war (1975-1992), the government of Mozambique began to decentralize. The Minister of State Administration pushed for greater citizen involvement at local levels of government. Expanding citizen engagement led to the question of what role traditional leaders, or chiefs who wield strong community influence, would play in local governance.1 Last year, President Filipe Nyusi announced plans to change the constitution and to give political parties more power in the provinces. The Ministry of State Administration and Public Administration are also progressively implementing a decentralization process aimed at transferring the central government’s political and financial responsibilities to municipalities (Laws 2/97, 7-10/97, and 11/97).2 An elected Municipal Council (composed of a Mayor, a Municipal Councilor, and 12 Municipal Directorates) and Municipal Assembly are the main governing bodies of Maputo.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Nts Wild Valleys Plains
    12 nts Wild Valleys & Plains - Exclusive 12 nights / 13 days Starts Lusaka, Zambia / Ends Harare, Zimbabwe From $9860 USD per person P/Bag 0178, Maun, Botswana Tel: +267 72311321 [email protected] Botswana is our home Safaris are our passion Day Location Accommodation Transfers / Activities Meals 1 Arcades, Lusaka Lusaka Protea Hotel Upon arrival at Lusaka Airport – eta TBA – you - (bed and Standard room are met and road transfer to Lusaka Protea breakfast) Hotel. Settle into Hotel, afternoon at leisure. 2 South Luangwa Chinzombo Camp After breakfast, road transfer from Lusaka B, L (flight National Park Luxury Villa Protea Hotel to Lusaka airport for the Pro-flight time flight to Mfuwe Airport where you are met and permitting) road transfer to Chinzombo Camp. Afternoon , D & SB activity 3 South Luangwa Chinzombo Camp Day of activities: guided walking Safaris and B, L, D & SB National Park game drives into Luangwa national park 4 Luangwa River Mchenja Bush Camp After breakfast and possible morning activity B, L, D & SB Luxury safari tent game drive or walking transfer to Mchenja. Afternoon activity. 5 Luangwa River Mchenja Bush Camp Day of activities from a choice of: guided B, L, D & SB walking safaris, day and night game drives. 6 Lower Zambezi Chongwe River Camp After breakfast and possible morning activity B, L, D & SB Classic Safari Tent (flight time permitting), road transfer to Mfuwe airport for Pro Flight air transfer to Royal airstrip. Here you are met and transfer to Chongwe River camp. Afternoon activity 7 Lower Zambezi Chongwe River Camp Day of activities: game drives, guided walks, B, L, D & SB canoeing and boating 8 Mana Pools Ruckomenchi Camp After breakfast and possible morning activity, B, L, D & SB National Park Classic Safari Tent (flight time permitting) road/boat transfer across the border into Zimbabwe to Ruckomenchi Camp.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT Public Disclosure Authorized URBAN AND REGIONAL ECONOMICS DIVISION URBAN AND REGIONAL PAPER NO.74-1 Public Disclosure Authorized THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CENTERS - ZAMBIA JOHN C. ENGLISH February 1974 Public Disclosure Authorized This paper is prepared as Annex II to the Urban Sector Survey Report - Repul-lic of Zambia Report No.490-ZA Confidential Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CENTERS A. Regional Growth and Urban Development 1. Introduction 2. Structure of the Economy 3. Spatial Consequences 4. Public Investment in First and Second Plans 5. Decentralization of Manufacturing 6. Potential Impact on Distribution of Urban Growth B. Chipata and Eastern Province 1. Existing Characteristics of Chipata 2. Developments in Eastern Province 3. Future Growth in Chipata 4. Other Urban Centers in the Province Table 1 - Gross Domestic Product by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Purchasers Values (K million) 2 - Percentage Distribution of Sales by Sections of Purchase - 1969 3 - Distribution of Imports by Origin, Grouped Sectors - 1969 4 - Zambia - Distribution of Imported Inputs by Sector - 1969 5 - Employment by Province and Sector, 1968 6 - Distribution of Manufacturing Establishments among Provinces by Manufacturing Activity 1969 7 - Average Agricultural Crop Production by Province 1969-72 8 - Zambia - Proportion of Population Aged 10-14 Enrolled in Primary School by Province 1972 9 - Zambia. Distribution of
    [Show full text]
  • Zambia USADF Country Portfolio
    Zambia USADF Country Portfolio Overview: Country program established in 1984 and reopened in U.S. African Development Foundation Partner Organization: Keepers Zambia 2004. USADF currently manages a portfolio of 23 projects and one Country Program Coordinator: Guy Kahokola Foundation (KZF) Cooperative Agreement. Total active commitment is $2.9 million. Suite 103 Foxdale Court Office Park Program Manager: Victor Makasa Agricultural investments total $2.6 million. Youth-led enterprise 609 Zambezi Road, Roma Tel: +260 211 293333 investments total $20,000. Lusaka, Zambia Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Country Strategy: The program focuses on support to agricultural enterprises, including organic farming as Zambia has been identified as a Feed the Future country. In addition, there are investments in off-grid energy and youth led-enterprises. Enterprise Duration Grant Size Description Mongu Dairy Cooperative Society 2012-2017 $152,381 Sector: Agriculture (Dairy) Limited Town/City: Mongu District in the Western Province 2705-ZMB Summary: The project funds will be used to increase the production and sales of milk through the purchase of improved breed cows, transportation, and storage equipment. Chibusa Home Based Care 2013-2018 $187,789 Sector: Agriculture (Food Processing) Association Town/City: Mungwi District in the Northern Province of Zambia 2925-ZMB Summary: The project funds will be used to provide working capital for purchasing grains, increase milling capacity, build a storage warehouse, and provide funds to improve marketing. Ushaa Area Farmers Association 2013-2018 $94,960 Sector: Agriculture (Rice) Limited Town/City: Mongu District in the Western Province of Zambia 2937-ZMB Summary: The project funds will be used to provide working capital for purchasing rice, build a storage warehouse, and provide funds to improve marketing.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Design Thinking Be Used to Improve Healthcare in Lusaka Province, Zambia?
    INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CONFERENCE - DESIGN 2014 Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 19 - 22, 2014. CAN DESIGN THINKING BE USED TO IMPROVE HEALTHCARE IN LUSAKA PROVINCE, ZAMBIA? C. A. Watkins, G. H. Loudon, S. Gill and J. E. Hall Keywords: ethnography, design thinking, Zambia, healthcare 1. Background ‘Africa experiences 24% of the global burden of disease, while having only 2% of the global physician supply and spending that is less than 1% of global expenditures.’ [Scheffler et al. 2008]. Every day the equivalent of two jumbo jets full of women die in Childbirth; 99% of these deaths occur in the developing world [WHO 2012]. For every death, 20 more women are left with debilitating conditions, such as obstetric fistula or other injuries to the vaginal tract [Jensen et al. 2008]. In the last 50 years, US$2.3 trillion has been spent on foreign aid [Easterly 2006]; US$1 trillion in Africa [Moyo 2009]. Despite this input, both Easterly and Moyo argue there has been little benefit. Easterly highlights that this enormous donation has not reduced childhood deaths from malaria by half, nor enabled poor families access to malaria nets at $4 each. Hodges [2007] reported that although equipment capable of saving lives is available in developing countries, more than 50% is not in service. Studies have asked why this should be so high [Gratrad et al. 2007], [Dyer et al. 2009], [Malkin et al. 2011] the majority focussing on medical equipment donation. They suggest that it is not feasible to directly donate equipment from high to low-income settings without understanding how the receiving environment differs from that which it is designed for.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.4 Zambia Railway Assessment
    2.4 Zambia Railway Assessment Travel Time Matrix Railway Companies and Consortia Capacity Table Key Route Information Key Stations The Zambia National Railways are very important to the economy of the country as it is a bulk carrier with less effect on the environment than many other transport modes. The Government intends to expand its railway network in the country to develop the surface transport sector. Through the Ministry of Transport, a new statutory instrument (SI) was passed, which requires industries to move 30% of their carriage by rail. This is in a bid to decongest the road sector and possibly reduce the damage done by heavy duty trucks on Zambian roads. The development of rail routes linking important exit points is not only vital for facilitating smooth access to the outside but also for the overall boosting of trade in the sub-region and making Zambia a competitive country for business. Traditionally, the Zambian railways have generally operated well below their original design capacity, yet significant investment is underway to increase their volumes by investing in track conditions, increase locomotive and wagon availability and increase operating capital. The rail network remains the dominant mode of transportation for goods on the local and international routes but is under-utilized. The main railway lines are the Zambia Railways, owned by Government and the TAZARA line, linking Zambia with Tanzania, and jointly owned by the Zambian and Tanzanian governments. The opening of the Chipata-Mchinji railway link provides connectivity into the Malawi and Mozambique railway network and further connects Zambia to the port of Nacala.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote River Rating in Zambia
    Remote river rating in Zambia A case study in the Luangwa river basin a MSc study by Ivar Abas Remote river rating in Zambia A case study in the Luangwa river basin by I. Abas to obtain the degree of Master of Science at the Delft University of Technology, to be defended publicly on Friday December 21st, 2018. Student number: 4102088 Project duration: February 1st, 2018 – December 21st, 2018 Thesis committee: Prof. dr. ir. H.H.G. Savenije, TU Delft Ir. W.M.J. Luxemburg, TU Delft Dr. ir. H. Winsemius, Deltares & TU Delft Prof. dr. ir. M. Kok, TU Delft Ir. A. Couasnon, VU Amsterdam An electronic version of this thesis is available at http://repository.tudelft.nl/. "No man ever steps in the same river twice; for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man." - HERACLITUS Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been a success without the help and resources of the Water Resources Manage- ment Center of the University of Zambia, therefore I want to express my gratitude. In particular I want to thank Professor Imasiku Nyambe for helping me out with all kinds of issues during my stay in Zambia and for his enthusiasm throughout the project. Besides the support of the University of Zambia I received a lot of help from the Zambian Water Resources Management Authority for which I express my deepest gratitude. I want to thank my thesis committee for guiding me the way and for the endless patients and enthusiasm I encountered when I bothered them with questions.
    [Show full text]