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i;N'r's _l The Heritage Trail was rcscarchcd antl thc: (cxl written by Rob and Linda Cault lill tlrc (iovlrlr Reminiscence Group. Thanks to Bill Hughes, Jack Sinrpsorr, GOVAN Strathclyde Regional Archivc, antl (ilrrsgow City Libraries, and Rev T. Dnviclson Kclly This Heritage Trail was nraclc possil'rle hy funds from the City of Glargow l)istric( Council, South West Area Managcrrrcrrt Comrnittee. nd Original Sketches hy thc (iruplrics of the City of Glagow l)istrict Planning Departtrnt. Clyde Shipbuildeis phokrgraphs .cc;';c r . L r':c fff 3JJ,""H' ::fll$f" (.1 !f h iNh ffi*€4'- TOURIST INFORMATION Govan is situated in the Southwest of Glasgow on the south bank of the River Clyde. Visitors can ffavel to the area by car, bus or underground. By Car: From outside Glasgow you may reach Govan Cross from Junction 24 on M8. From Glasgow City Centre: Follow signs for the Clyde Tunnel, then take the first left as you exit the tunnel and follow Govan Road to Govan Cross, or take the M8 westbound and leave at junction 24, following directions to Govan. By Bus: Contact the Travel Information Cenffe at St Enoch's Square, Telephone number 041-226 4826. By Underground:Take the underground to the Govan Station. Not all yenues are accessible to the disabled. -fl Map, circa 1837 The Govan Heritage Exhibition shows you more about the history of Govan. Govan is situated at the confluence of the It is on display in Elderpark Library. @ There is rivers Clyde and Kelvin. It was once disabled access to the library. surrounded by fertile lands and woods. The Hours of opening are available from the library. place Tel No 041 - 445 1041. name of Govan has its roots in Gaelic with similar words found in Celtic and Welsh (Britons). Gofan, Gowain, Gwvane, Govaine, Gohan and Goven translate to mean Smith or Land of the Smith. Govan may have been named for its reputation as an area where metal was worked. Indeed the presence of Doomster Hill and the round shaped graveyard of Govan Old Parish Church would suggest that there was a community long before the Romans arrived. The ecclesiastical history of Govan dates back to the early monastery founded by Constantine around 565 AD. Constantine was a contemporary of Columba and Kentigern. He was reputed to be a Cornish King, although recent historians prefer Irish or Glasgow merchants realised the need to bring Scottish origins. The date of his Martyrdom the raw materials of commerce closer to the was around 596. city. It was not until around II41 lhat the name ln 1759, the Clyde Navigation Act was of Govan was historically recorded when passed and the task of deepening the river King David I gave to the church of Glasgu, began allowing larger ships to make theirway 'Guven' with its 'marches free and clear up the Clyde to the city centre. Improvements forever'. It was during this period that the to the steam engine and the spread of the church in Govan was made a prebend (an Industrial Revolution were to change Govan associated church) of Glasgow Cathedral in dramatically. In 1841, Robert Napier laid out or around 1153. his shipyard and the first of the Cunarders was launched.In the decades that followed, other yards were laid out and Govan came to the forefront of the Industrial Revolution. Salmon fishing at Water Row l9l5 Govan was primarily a fishing and farming community, although by the 16th Century there were extensive coal mine workings in the Craigton and Drumoyne areas. The village grew as new trades and crafts were established such as weaving, silk During the 68 years from 1836 to 1904, manufacture, pottery, and the dyeing of Govan expanded dramatically from a village cotton. The Govan Weavers Society was of 2,122 people to a town of 90,908 people. formed in 1756 as a guild of master weavers. In 1864, in recognition of its importance as a The Society held an annual parade on the first cenfre of commerce and industry, Govan, a Friday of June, known as Govan Fair Day. 'town' of some 9,058 people, was granted After the Treaty of Union in 7707 and the burgh status by the Sheriff of Lanarkshire. A increase in the tobacco trade with America, Lord Provost was elected and a Town Clerk and a Chief Medical Officer were appointed. With the redevelopment of the old The Govan Coat of Arms with the motto shipyards and the slum clearance 'Nihil sine Labore' - 'Nothing without programmes of the 1960s, streets were Labour' was adopted. As the industries grew, realigned or they sometimes disappeared waves of Irish immigrants and Gaelic completely as the face of Govan began to speaking Highlanders moved to Govan to change. the meet ever increasing demand for a larger Govan was one of the earliest of the city's work force. Govan became the fifth largest Comprehensive Development Areas. Its first burgh in Scotland and stretched from Housing Association, the Central Govan Kelvinside to Cathcart. In 1912, Govan was Housing Association (21 years old in 1993), annexed to Glasgow. Many Govanites pioneered new initiatives in urban planning. thought that it should have been the other way around. Heavy engineering industries and the 1. THE UNDERGROUND Clydeside shipyards continued to employ tens of thousands of men and women, but as the orders for new ships declined and the prosperity of the traditional industries levelled-off, the growth of Govan slowed. O riginal Subw ay Station.Circa I 900 In December 1896, the Glasgow District Subway Company, opened a 'subterranean railway' - or 'subway' - with two circular tunnels which ran for nearly seven miles to serve 15 stations. Designed and engineered by David Morton, it was unique in that it was the world's only underground passenger transport system with a cable between each circa.1960 track to haul the trams. After World War II, the decline of It was purchased by the Glasgow shipbuilding and the general demise of the Corporation n 1922 and electrified in 1934. heavy engineering industries brought a fall in It is now part of the Strathclyde Transport the population of Govan. system and is still a convenient and widely used means of transport within the City. A Originally called St Mary's Free Church, replica of part of the subway and carriages are New Govan Parish Church stands close to the on display at the Museum of Transport, site of the ancient Doomster Hill. Built in Kelvingrove. 1873 by architect Robert Baldie in a Gothic style, it has an imaginative interior with no Cross Goyan Rd turn left and walk to the square , seat further than ten rows from the front. New Govan Parish Church has absorbed the 2. AITKEN MEMORIAL congregations of St Kiaran's, Dean Park, St FOUNTAIN Columba's, Summertown Road, Copland Road and Fairfield Churches. Doctor John Aitken was appointed as the frrst Medical Officer of Health in the newly 4. DOOMSTER HILL formed Burgh of Govan in 1864. This memorial of a domed cast-iron drinking fountain was erected in 1884 by the people of Govan as testimony to Dr Aitken's worthy character and the caring contribution he made to the welfare of the community. Looking north towards the river from the Aitken Memorial Fountain was the site of the Doomster Hill and to your right is New Govan Church. From drawing by Paul 1757. 3. NEW GOVAN CHURCH Its exact origin is lost in the mists of time, but its first use was probably as a barrow, an artificial pre-Christian burial mound of which there are many examples found throughout Britain. Doomster Hill was sited beside what was a very shallow part of the River Clyde. This area was a natural crossing point for the river. It may have been used by the Romans and others to guard and tax any movement of people or goods crossing the river. Itmay also have served as a 'law hill', a moot or a place of assembly where judgements and punishment were administered. 5. WATER ROW figurehead, with its sail being filled by winged wind gods. From the Bank of Scotland building continue along Govan Road to Pearce Inne and you will come to the Pearce Institute. 7. PEARCE INSTITUTE Govan Ferry. Late 19th C. Water Row was a lane leading down to a ford and stepping stones across the river to Partick. By the 16th Century, a ferryman was taking passengers from one side to the other. Soon the 'Ferrie Bote Inn' was established as a staging post for horse drawn coaches to Renfrew and beyond. By the 17th and 18th Centuries, there were stone built, thatched The building was gifted to the people of fishermen's cottages lining the lane. Govan foruse as acoflrmunity centre by Lady Pearce in memory of her husband, Sir L 6. BANK OF SCOTLANpI William Pearce. The Pearce Institute was designed by Sir R. Rowand Anderson and opened is a Across the square from New Govan parish in 1906. It combination of Dutch and Scottish Renaissance architecture. Its Church stands the Bank of Scotland at the exterior features are stepped gables, a corner of Govan Road and Water Row. This crow was built originally forthe British LinenBank tower with a balconied cupola, oriel windows, a clock and a rigged sailing ship frnial. from a design by Salmon, Son & Gillespie in fully The Macleod Hall has a magnificent organ, 1897-1900 underlining the imporlance of the gallery. weaving industry in the community. stage and The original Reading Room is now the Lithgow Theatre which is used by Its architectural free style includes a tall many community groups.