The Leadership Interview with Commissioner of Police Hoong Wee Teck Susan Sim Editor, Home Team Journal
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HOME TEAM JOURNAL ISSUE NO. 9 FEBRUARY 2020 BY PRACTITIONERS, FOR PRACTITIONERS THE LEADERSHIP “In a crisis, you have to assume command, take INTERVIEW responsibility and be COMMISSIONER OF POLICE accountable for the actions HOONG WEE TECK of your officers. … You have to be able to withstand pressure because during a crisis, everyone wants their interests to be met. You have to work cohesively as a team. No matter how experienced you are, you need people to do the running and tap on the expertise of others. … Most importantly – don’t start blaming. Focus on resolving the crisis first.” DS (INT’L & TRAINING) RAJA KUMAR ON HOW WORRIED THE BUILDING A CULTURE OF LEARNING IN THE HOME TEAM SHOULD WE PSYCHOLOGY BE ABOUT OF PROTEST FEMALE OFFENDERS WHAT DRIVES YOUNG WOMEN TO DRUGS AND CRIME Deepfakes? MOVEMENTS CYBER VIGILANTES: ONLINE JUSTICE OR REVENGE? HOME PUBLISHER Home Team Academy ADVISORS Clarence Yeo Chief Executive, Home Team Academy TEAM Teo Tze Fang Deputy Chief Executive (Training and JOURNAL Development), Home Team Academy The Home Team Journal PROJECT Winston Wong Sung-En DIRECTOR Director (Centre for Planning, Technology and is a publication by the Communications)/ Chief Information Officer, Home Team Academy Home Team Academy in collaboration with EDITOR Susan Sim the Ministry of Home Affairs of Singapore and MANAGING Lim Jing Jing its departments, which EDITOR are collectively known as the Home Team. It is The Home Team Academy would like to thank the a journal by practitioners following for their support: and researchers for Abdul Jalil Abdul Kader (Internal Security Department) practitioners and Foo Kok Chuen (Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises) specialists in safety and Evelyn Ho (Home Team Science & Technology Agency) security. Lee Fook Kay (Ministry of Home Affairs) Majeed Khader (Home Team Behavioural Sciences Centre) Lal Nelson (Ministry of Home Affairs) Ng Yeow Boon (Ministry of Home Affairs) Tricia Ortega (Ministry of Home Affairs) Shie Yong Lee (Singapore Prison Service) Daniel Tan (Singapore Police Force) Tan Hung Hooi (Immigration & Checkpoints Authority) Sebastian Tan (Central Narcotics Bureau) Teong How Hwa (Singapore Civil Defence Force) Yeo Pia Jee (Casino Regulatory Authority) All correspondence should be addressed to the Home Team Journal Editorial Board Home Team Academy 501 Old Choa Chu Kang Road, Singapore 698928 Email: [email protected] Those wishing to submit manuscripts should send abstracts of proposed articles to the Editor at [email protected]. CONTENTS HOME TEAM JOURNAL • ISSUE NO. 9 • FEBRUARY 2020 FOREWORD 03 by Clarence Yeo Chief Executive, Home Team Academy, Singapore LEADERSHIP 05 The Leadership Interview with Commissioner of Police Hoong Wee Teck Susan Sim Editor, Home Team Journal TRAINING & 18 Building a Training and Learning Ecosystem in the TRANSFORMATION Home Team: A Journey of Transformation T. Raja Kumar Deputy Secretary (International & Training), Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore 27 The SCDF’s Future-Ready Workforce: Transforming the Skills and Heartware of Our People Kok Kim Yuan, Quek Wei Liang, Jennyline Fan & Melissa Choo Singapore Civil Defence Force DISINFORMATION 34 Will Deepfakes Change the Landscape of Disinformation? Tim Hwang Cognitive Security Institute, United States CRIME & VIGILANTISM 37 Cyber Vigilantism: What Drives People to Enact Morality Online and What Can We Do About It? Yasmine Wong & Neo Loo Seng Home Team Behavioural Sciences Centre, Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore 46 Don’t Believe Me, Just Watch: Live-streaming Crime John Yu, Whistine Chai & Boquiren Joshua Arthur Tambagan Home Team Behavioural Sciences Centre, Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore 59 Impersonation Scams in Singapore: Who Falls for Them? Nur Izyan Binte Ismail, Bynes Liau Wei Jie, Ong Shuyan, Carolyn Misir, Jeffery Chin, Han Yongni & Jansen Ang Police Psychological Services Division, Singapore Police Force Copyright © 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication (content and images) may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Home Team Academy. The opinions expressed in this issue are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Home Team Academy or the authors’ departments. CONTENTS HOME TEAM JOURNAL • ISSUE NO. 9 • FEBRUARY 2020 TERRORISM 78 Why Do Youths Join Terrorist Groups? A Psychological Study of At-Risk and Radicalised Youths in Singapore Bridget Robert Counter-Terrorism Division, Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore 86 Hegemonic Masculinity and the Rise of the Indonesian Foreign Fighter Noor Huda Ismail S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore DRUGS & FEMALE 100 The Risk Factors that Drive Young Women to OFFENDERS Drug Abuse Yong Kaiqi, Teo Kah Shun, Seah Wang Ling & Salina Samion Central Narcotics Bureau, Singapore 111 Young Women in the Singapore Prison System: A Preliminary Study of Risk and Needs of Female Youth Offenders Premala Mariappan, Chua Zijun Angeline, Josephine Overee & Charlotte Stephen Singapore Prison Service 127 4 Needs, 4 Findings, 3 Practices: Gender-responsive Guidelines for Working with Female Offenders in Singapore Prisons Kok Tsz Wing, April Lin Liangyu & Gabriel Ong Singapore Prison Service HOMEFRONT 136 The BSC Brief: What Drives Protesters INSIGHTS Hou Minzheng Home Team Behavioural Sciences Centre, Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore 144 Against the Odds: How Effective is Protest? James M Dorsey S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore PUBLICATIONS 155 Recent Publications by HT officers HOME TEAM JOURNAL 3 Foreword In today’s volatile, uncertain, complex and ambigious (VUCA) environment, leaders need to transform in order to lead effectively. First coined as an acronym in 1991 by the U.S. Army War College to characterise a global environment fraught with turbulence that its students would face as they took on increasingly strategic leadership positions, VUCA as a concept has gained new relevance to evoke the leadership skillsets required to successfully navigate an unpredictable world. Here at the Home Team Academy (HTA), we take pride in playing our part in developing the Home Team’s leaders and ensuring that their training and learning is also transformative. To meet evolving learning needs, we drive the implementation of innovative training technologies, upskill our Home Team trainers to become leading specialists, and partner both local and international academic and industry experts in delivering our leadership programmes. These are just a handful of the ways HTA continuously improves our training and learning efforts to support our leaders, and the Home Team itself, in our transformation journey. Continuing the conversation on transformation and leadership, we asked Commissioner of Police Hoong Wee Teck what drives him in The Leadership Interview. CP Hoong speaks with an authenticity that comes from practising what he believes in. In this first interview he has given since becoming CP in 2015, he talks to Journal Editor Susan Sim about the lessons he has learnt from the cases he has investigated over more than three decades of fighting crime, the ethos of public service that drive him, and the professional excellence that he demands of his officers. The Singapore Police Force may be 200 years old this year and enjoy the highest level of public trust in the world, but for CP Hoong, there is no room for complacency and living on past glories. I agree with him that good leaders must not only care for their people, they must also be fair and guided by moral values. Leaders like him play an important role in shaping organisational culture, especially as the ongoing transformation of the Home Team’s capabilities requires fundamental changes in workplace learning. This is a point that Deputy Secretary (International and Training) Raja Kumar illustrates vividly in his essay on “Building a Training and Learning Ecosystem in the Home Team”. DS Raja began the journey of transforming training across the Home Team by changing mindsets and leveraging technology when he was Chief Executive of HTA from 2014 to September 2018. He initiated the appointment of Chief Learning Officers (CLOs) in each Home Team Department. As a recent Harvard Business Review article reminds us, CLOs in dynamic organisations are now responsible not just for training, but are also “embracing a more powerful role in which they reshape capabilities and organizational culture”.1 CLOs are the transformers who help their organisations and employees thrive during time of rapid changes. The articles in this issue of the Home Team Journal also reflect the emerging threats challenging modern societies. As criminal syndicates, terrorist groups, protesters, and even domestic voyeurs and cyber vigilantes leverage technology and social media to commit crime, recruit and fund-raise for violent causes, rally flash mobs, or interfere with law enforcement, how do we gear up to deal with such threats? For a start, we can increase our knowledge of the forces and fault-lines that drive human behaviour, emerging technological trends, and the strategies that have worked for other societies. 4 Issue No. 9 • February 2020 Some of the articles in this issue were inspired by recent news headlines. Deepfakes, cyber vigilantes, radicalised youths, returning foreign fighters, criminal