What Is the Biblical Date of the Exodus? a Response to Bryant Wood
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The Book of Judges – “Downward Spiral”
The pattern devolves until there is absolute darkness and despair THE BOOK OF JUDGES – “DOWNWARD SPIRAL” Judges 8 What is the basic message of Judges? 24 And Gideon said to them, “Let me make a request of you: every one of 27 • the repeated failures of Israel to love God you give me the earrings from his spoil.” … And Gideon made an and the inadequacy of all the judges to truly rescue Israel ephod of it and put it in his city, in Ophrah. And all Israel whored after it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and to his family. The Book of Judges is a series of redemption cycles: 30 Now Gideon had seventy sons, his own offspring, for he had many (1) the people rebel against God wives. 31 And his concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, (2) God allows the people to suffer from their sins and he called his name Abimelech. 32 And Gideon the son of Joash died in (3) the people cry out to God for deliverance a good old age and was buried in the tomb of Joash his father, at Ophrah (4) God sends a judge – a deliverer of the Abiezrites. (5) there is a period of rest and peace Judges 13:1-2 1 And the people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of the You see this pattern in the first judge – Othniel | Judges 3:7-12 LORD, so the LORD gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty 2 Stage 1 – Israel rebels against God years. -
Deborah Obeys
Lesson50:LKT 4/14/10 9:49 AM Page 430 Listen to Learn Lesson 50 Judges 4:1-16; 5:4,20-21 Collect Bible, Bible Story 20 pictures from God’s Story for Me Poster Pack #2, Preschool Music #2 DVD or CD God’s Word and player. Deborah “Hear the word of God and obey it.” Luke 11:28 Greet Each Other Listen carefully to my clapping. Begin by God’s Word and Me clapping a rhythmObeys of four beats. Children echo I can obey God’s Word. the rhythm. Continue for a few moments, chang- ing the rhythm and/or increasing the number of beats each round. YouGod are good listeners! Tell the Story Open your Bible Judgesto Judges 4. Tell 4:1-16 the story using the pictured motions (keywords in bold) or show Bible Story 20 pictures. What happens in a very big rainstorm? Listen to hear what happened to God’s people during a very big rainstorm. Deborah was a woman who loved God and listened to Him. God told Deborah mes- sages to give to His people. God loved His people, but they were not listening to Him. They were not obeying Him. They were not praying. Because they disobeyed God, the people had big trouble! An army with many strong soldiers and 900 chariots wanted to fight them! (A chariot is a cart pulled by a horse.) The leader of the army was named Sisera. Finally, the people of Israel remembered to pray to God. God gave Deborah a mes- sage for a man named Barak. -
Radiocarbon Dating and Its Applications in Quaternary Studies
Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart 57/1–2 2–24 Hannover 2008 Quaternary Science Journal Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies *) IRKA HAJDAS Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the origin of 14C, the global carbon cycle, anthropogenic impacts on the atmospheric 14C content and the background of the radiocarbon dating method. For radiocarbon dating, important aspects are sample preparation and measurement of the 14C content. Recent advances in sample preparation allow better understanding of long-standing problems (e.g., contamination of bones), which helps to improve chronologies. In this review, various preparation techniques applied to typical sample types are described. Calibration of radiocarbon ages is the fi nal step in establishing chronologies. The present tree ring chronology-based calibration curve is being constantly pushed back in time beyond the Holocene and the Late Glacial. A reliable calibration curve covering the last 50,000-55,000 yr is of great importance for both archaeology as well as geosciences. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the extension of the radiocarbon calibration curve (INTCAL working group) and on the reconstruction of palaeo-reservoir ages for marine records. [Die Radiokohlenstoffmethode und ihre Anwendung in der Quartärforschung] Kurzfassung: Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Herkunft von Radiokohlenstoff, den globalen Kohlenstoffkreislauf, anthropogene Einfl üsse auf das atmosphärische 14C und die Grundlagen der Radio- kohlenstoffmethode. Probenaufbereitung und das Messen der 14C Konzentration sind wichtige Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Radiokohlenstoffdatierung. Gegenwärtige Fortschritte in der Probenaufbereitung erlauben ein besseres Verstehen lang bekannter Probleme (z.B. die Kontamination von Knochen) und haben zu verbesserten Chronologien geführt. -
Forensic Radiocarbon Dating of Human Remains: the Past, the Present, and the Future
AEFS 1.1 (2017) 3–16 Archaeological and Environmental Forensic Science ISSN (print) 2052-3378 https://doi.org.10.1558/aefs.30715 Archaeological and Environmental Forensic Science ISSN (online) 2052-3386 Forensic Radiocarbon Dating of Human Remains: The Past, the Present, and the Future Fiona Brock1 and Gordon T. Cook2 1. Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University 2. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre [email protected] Radiocarbon dating is a valuable tool for the forensic examination of human remains in answering questions as to whether the remains are of forensic or medico-legal interest or archaeological in date. The technique is also potentially capable of providing the year of birth and/or death of an individual. Atmospheric radiocarbon levels are cur- rently enhanced relative to the natural level due to the release of large quantities of radiocarbon (14C) during the atmospheric nuclear weapons testing of the 1950s and 1960s. This spike, or “bomb-pulse,” can, in some instances, provide precision dates to within 1–2 calendar years. However, atmospheric 14C activity has been declining since the end of atmospheric weapons testing in 1963 and is likely to drop below the natural level by the mid-twenty-first century, with implications for the application of radio- carbon dating to forensic specimens. Introduction Radiocarbon dating is most routinely applied to archaeological and environmental studies, but in some instances can be a very powerful tool for forensic specimens. Radiocarbon (14C) is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays on nitrogen-14 (14N). The 14C produced is rapidly oxidised to carbon dioxide, which then either enters the terrestrial biosphere via photosynthesis and proceeds along the food chain via herbivores and omnivores, and subsequently car- nivores, or exchanges into marine reservoirs where it again enters the food chain by photosynthesis. -
Genesis: Twelve Eyewitness Reports and Genealogies
Associates for Scriptural Knowledge • P.O. Box 25000, Portland, OR 97298-0990 USA © ASK, December 2020 • All rights reserved • Number 12/20 Telephone: 503 292 4352 • Internet: www.askelm.com • E-Mail: [email protected] Genesis: Twelve Eyewitness Reports and Genealogies by Thomas Patrick Arnold, Ph.D., November 2008 Typeset and Comments by David Sielaff, December 2020 Read first the December 1, 2020 Commentary “Tablets and Genesis” Then read the “December 2020 Newsletter” The Book of Genesis is a collection of eyewitness historical accounts of select individuals and follows their descendants, leading to the people of Israel. Genesis ends with the death of Joseph, son of the patriarch Jacob, renamed Israel. The writings of the authors of the documents were com- piled by Moses, who masterfully edited them to teach the Israelite people their history in a single written work beginning with creation. The text tells us whose histories are inside. Evidence of the reliability of Genesis is found in the text itself, no matter the translation. Once this information is under- stood, the Book of Genesis becomes more interesting than ever. Background by David Sielaff I met the author of this article, Dr. Thomas Patrick Arnold, at the 2008 meeting of the Society for Biblical Literature. He had a book table in the exhibits hall promoting his (then) new book, Two Stage Biblical Crea- tion: Uniting Biblical Insights Uncovered by Ten Notable Creation Theories (Arlington Heights, IL: Thomas Arnold Publishing, 2007). I featured information from his book in the supplement to the expanded ASK article for August 2017, “The Story of Creation.” I found later that at a different conference around the same time he presented the article reprinted below. -
Parshat Matot/Masei
Parshat Matot/Masei A free excerpt from the Kehot Publication Society's Chumash Bemidbar/Book of Numbers with commentary based on the works of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, produced by Chabad of California. The full volume is available for purchase at www.kehot.com. For personal use only. All rights reserved. The right to reproduce this book or portions thereof, in any form, requires permission in writing from Chabad of California, Inc. THE TORAH - CHUMASH BEMIDBAR WITH AN INTERPOLATED ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY BASED ON THE WORKS OF THE LUBAVITCHER REBBE Copyright © 2006-2009 by Chabad of California THE TORAHSecond,- revisedCHUMASH printingB 2009EMIDBAR WITH AN INTERPOLATED ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARYA BprojectASED ON of THE WORKS OF ChabadTHE LUBAVITCH of CaliforniaREBBE 741 Gayley Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024 310-208-7511Copyright / Fax © 310-208-58112004 by ChabadPublished of California, by Inc. Kehot Publication Society 770 Eastern Parkway,Published Brooklyn, by New York 11213 Kehot718-774-4000 Publication / Fax 718-774-2718 Society 770 Eastern Parkway,[email protected] Brooklyn, New York 11213 718-774-4000 / Fax 718-774-2718 Order Department: 291 KingstonOrder Avenue, Department: Brooklyn, New York 11213 291 Kingston718-778-0226 Avenue / /Brooklyn, Fax 718-778-4148 New York 11213 718-778-0226www.kehot.com / Fax 718-778-4148 www.kehotonline.com All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book All rightsor portions reserved, thereof, including in any the form, right without to reproduce permission, this book or portionsin writing, thereof, from in anyChabad form, of without California, permission, Inc. in writing, from Chabad of California, Inc. The Kehot logo is a trademark ofThe Merkos Kehot L’Inyonei logo is a Chinuch,trademark Inc. -
Who Were the Judges? 1 Samuel 12
Who were the Judges? 1 Samuel 12 • 11 And the LORD sent Jerubbaal, and Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel, and delivered you out of the hand of your enemies on every side, and ye dwelled safe. • 12 And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us: when the LORD your God was your king. Simple Time line How was Israel set up politically • Moses under God’s instruction, • Founded a tribal confederacy immediately after the Exodus from Egypt. • Ten commandments etc • Detail everyday living down to layout of where each tribe lived and their duties. How was Israel set up politically • Considered as a loose union of 12 tribes • Bound together by a common constitution and law but still kept individual identity. • God was the direct leader of the nation assisted by a representative. – AKA Moses then Joshua • A core group under the rep communicated God’s instruction to the individual tribes. – After Joshua no single leader appears • Instead,' regional "Judges" were raised for each generation Judges 2 • 16 Nevertheless the LORD raised up judges, which Judges have good delivered them out of the rule hand of those that spoiled Apostacy God raises them. ( depart gives a from faith 19 Judge • And it came to pass, when and belief) the judge was dead, that they returned, and corrupted themselves more Cry out to Hardship than their fathers God from God The time of the Judges • Moses • Joshua • Judges – 15 Judges Judges • Military roll chosen by God to rescue the people from their enemies • and establish justice and the practice of the Law amongst the hebrews The beginning of the Judges Othniel • Othniel was the first of the Judges. -
The Aziz S. Atiya Papers
THE AZIZ S. ATIYA PAPERS: A REGISTER OF THE COLLECTION By Rebecca Airmet, Hermione Bayas, and Jane Chesley MANUSCRIPT COLLECTION (Accn 480) Manuscripts Division University of Utah Marriott Library Salt Lake City, Utah 1998 THE AZIZ S. ATIYA ARCHIVES Life Span: 1898-1988 Papers: 1927-1991 Accession Number: 480 Collection Processed by: Rebecca Airmet, Hermione Bayas, and Jane Chesley Register Prepared by: Rebecca Airmet, Hermione Bayas, and Jane Chesley Register Completed: April 1998 Linear Feet of Shelf Space: 26.0 Rights: Unless otherwise copyrighted, rights belong to the University of Utah Accompanying Material: Photographs were placed in the Manuscripts Division Multimedia Section (P0485). This collection was donated by the Middle East Library in 1997 (boxes 1-39, an internal library transfer); by Aziz and Lola Atiya in 1976 and 1991 (boxes 40 and 41), and 1997 (boxes 42-53); and by Ragai Makar in 1997 (boxes 54-58) and 1998 (boxes 59-60). Sarah Michalak, Director of Libraries Gregory C. Thompson, Assistant Director Nancy V. Young, Manuscripts Division Head Please cite from this collection in the following manner: The Aziz S. Atiya Archives, Accn 480, Box [___], Manuscripts Division, University of Utah Marriott Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. CONTENTS Page Content and Scope 1 Biography of Aziz S. Atiya 3 Inventory 5 Index. 32 Explanatory Notes: ‘Bx’ refers to box. ‘Fd’ refers to folder. ‘Bk’ refers to book. CONTENT AND SCOPE The Aziz S. Atiya Papers (1927-1991) contains documents relating to the life of Dr. Atiya (1898- 1988), a scholar in the areas of Medieval, Coptic, and Islamic studies, and founder and director of the University of Utah’s Middle East Center and Library. -
Devarim 5780
סב ׳ ׳ ד רבד י ם שת ״ ף Devarim 5780 Followership ** KEY IDEA OF THE WEEK ** Judaism encourages followers and leaders to form a partnership of mutual respect. PARSHAT DEVARIM IN A NUTSHELL The book of Devarim is, in essence, Moses’ renewal of the Israel about the story of the spies and the people’s lack of same covenant that God made with Israel at Mount Sinai. faith that led to forty year wandering in the desert. This time Moses joins the covenant to the next generation, Then he moves on to more recent events, retelling the because they will soon enter the Promised Land and create a stories of their battles and victories over Moab and Ammon society based on the Torah there. And because a covenant and the settlement of their land (on the other side of the often begins with a preamble and an historical outline, this is River Jordan) by the tribes of Reuben and Gad and part of also how parshat Devarim begins. Moses explains the Menashe. The parsha ends with the appointment of Joshua background to the covenant, and then discusses the events as his successor. He will lead the people into the Land. that led to the covenant and its renewal. First we have an introduction which describes the time and QUESTION TO PONDER: place: we are in the last weeks of Moses’ life and the people Why do you think Joshua was chosen to lead after Moses? are camped by the banks of the River Jordan. Moses reminds THE CORE IDEA In the last month of his life, Moses gathered the people and ‘Send men …” In our parsha, it was the people who taught them the laws they were to keep and reminded them requested it: “Then all of you came to me and said, ‘Let us of their history since the Exodus. -
When God Says Go and What More Shall I Say? I Do Not Have Time to Tell About Gideon, Barak…
When God Says Go And what more shall I say? I do not have time to tell about Gideon, Barak… Hebrews 11:32 The next two heroes that we come to in Hebrews 11 may be less familiar to you and me. They aren’t really stories that you’ll find in the children’s picture Bibles on your kids’ shelves, but the writer of Hebrews commends them for their faith. Gideon’s and Barak’s stories both start the same way – with the Israelites again doing evil in the eyes of the Lord (Judges 4:1, 6:1). It’s a fairly common occurrence in the Old Testament, actually. The Lord gives the Israelites chance after chance after chance to follow His law, but they keep messing it up – by worshipping other gods and disobeying direct commandments from God. During Barak’s time in the spotlight, Deborah, a prophetess, is leading Israel. The Lord had handed the Israelites over to the Canaanites because of their wickedness, and after twenty years of oppression, they cried out to the Lord for help. Read Judges 4:6-4:10 If the Israelites had learned anything over the years, it should have been this: when God says that He will do something, He will do it. God said He would bring the people out of slavery in Egypt, and He did, by parting the Red Sea. He said He would give the Israelites the Promised Land, and He bulldozed the way for them, even tearing down the walls of Jericho and giving them victory over all of those in their way. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Lady Mallowan, Obe Professor Dj Wiseman, Obe, D.Lit
LADY MALLOW AN PROFESSOR D. J. WISEMAN LADY MALLOWAN, O.B.E. PROFESSOR D.J. WISEMAN, O.B.E., D.LIT., F.B.A. 1988 has seen two birthdays. Lady Mallowan, our President, has completed her eightieth, and our Chairman, Professor Wiseman, his seventieth year. Both have served the School tirelessly in various capacities for forty of its fifty-six years, a record that only Sir Max Mallowan surpassed. Barbara Parker, as she then was, became the first Secretary/Librarian and, as such, the first and only resident officer of the School in Baghdad for twelve years. Her first instruction from the Director, Max Mallowan, was to go and build a dig house at Nimrud, which he had chosen as the School's main site for excavation. She built the house and maintained it in good order for many years to come, a home to which those who worked at Nimrud look back with fond, if sometimes fantastic, memories. Barbara worked at Nimrud both as a photographer and an epigraphist, taking also an especial interest in the seals. Her photographs, taken and developed under primitive conditions, provided excellent illustrations for Mallowan's Nimrud reports, including Nimrud and its Remains. As an Assyriologist she has published a considerable series of economic texts, illuminating their interpretation by her own knowledge of modern rural society and economy which, until the onset of mechanisation, had changed little in four thousand years. In the 1950's Barbara's main contribution to the School's, as opposed to the Nimrud expedition's, welfare was her inimitable running of our house in Baghdad.