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The New Mountaineer in Late Victorian Britain, Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33440-0 226 GLOSSARY

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The New Mountaineer in Late Victorian Britain, Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33440-0 226 GLOSSARY GLOSSARY Aiguille A sharply pointed mountain summit or rock pinnacle. Arête A thin, knife-edged ridge separating two valleys. Bergschrund A deep crevasse formed by moving glacier ice, usually at the top of a glacier. Often a formidable obstacle for mountaineers to cross. Brocken spectre An optical illusion sometimes witnessed in mountains, when the sun shines from behind an observer looking into mist, causing the observer’s own shadow to appear in greatly magnified form. Col The lowest point on a ridge connecting two peaks, forming a pass. Cornice An overhanging ridge of snow on the edge of a mountain, usually on the leeward side. Cornices present a danger to walkers and climbers, as they can appear solid but collapse when any weight is placed upon them. Corrie A large amphitheatre formed at the head of a valley by glacial erosion. Known in the Francophone Alps as a cirque and in Wales as a Cwm. Couloir A steep and narrow gully on a mountain side, often filled with ice and snow in winter. Used by climbers as a route of ascent, but often prone to rock and ice falls. Gabbro Type of coarse igneous rock, particularly associated with the Cuillin hills on the Isle of Skye but also found in some parts of the Alps. © The Author(s) 2016 225 A. McNee, The New Mountaineer in Late Victorian Britain, Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33440-0 226 GLOSSARY Glissading Rapid but controlled descent of a scree or snow slope, using an ice-axe in the latter case to control speed and direction. Ice-fall Part of a glacier characterized by fast-moving ice and frequent crevasses and séracs. Moraine Rock and soil debris caused by glacial action. Scrambling In contemporary parlance, climbing relatively easy routes that do not require a rope for protection, but in the nineteenth century often used for any kind of climbing on rock, whether with or without ropes. Sérac Large block of ice formed by intersecting crevasses on a glacier, prone to falling and therefore considered a dangerous obstacle. BIBLIOGRAPHY The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) has been given for online resources. Anonymous items have been placed at the beginning of the relevant section, arranged in alphabetical order of title, disregarding the initial definite or indefinite article. Climbing club publications have all been cited as journals rather than magazines. PRIMARY TEXTS Archive Material Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, Acc. 11538, Item 16, Sligachan Hotel Visitors’ Book, ‘For Climbing Remarks Only. 1893–1921 Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, Acc. 11538, Item 14, ‘Clachaig Hotel, Glencoe Logbook, 1889–1904’ Kendal, Cumbria County Archive, WDSO163, Fell and Rock Climbing Club archive, A1525.3, ‘Wasdale Head Visitors’ Book, 1879–1885’ Kendal, Cumbria County Archive, WDSO163, Fell and Rock Climbing Club archive, A1525.3, ‘Wasdale Head Visitors’ Book, 1885–1891’ Kendal, Cumbria County Archive, WDSO163, Fell and Rock Climbing Club archive, A1525.3, ‘Wasdale Head Visitors’ Book, 1894’ London, Alpine Club archive, ACM7000 Book 2, ‘Catalogue of Maps’ Pen-y-Gwryd Hotel, Nant Gwynant, Wales, ‘Not the Visitors’ Book: Contributions on Mountain Rambles, Botany, Geology, and Other Subjects of Interest Connected with Pen-y-Gwryd. 1884–n.d. © The Author(s) 2016 227 A. McNee, The New Mountaineer in Late Victorian Britain, Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33440-0 228 BIBLIOGRAPHY Journals, Newspapers, and Magazines ‘The Alpine Club Exhibition of Pictures and Photographs’, Alpine Journal, 16 (1892–93), 342–47 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 11 (1882–84), 238–43 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 12 (1884–86), 128–29 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 12 (1884–86), 167–78 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 12 (1884–86), 462–71 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 440–48 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 17 (1894–95), 196–201 ‘Alpine Notes’, Alpine Journal, 17 (1894–95), 451–61 ‘Editorial’, The Times, 27 July 1865, p. 8 ‘In Memoriam, Francis Maitland Balfour’, Alpine Journal,11(1882–84), 101–03 ‘Mountain Climbers and Mountain Gymnasts’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 224–25 ‘Mountain, Moor and Loch on the Route of the West Highland Railway’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal,3(1894–95), 174–75 ‘Mountaineering Made Easy’, Alpine Journal, 14 (1888–89), 326–27 ‘Mr A. 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McCormick’s Caucasian Sketches’, Alpine Journal, 18 (1896–97), 181–83 ‘New Expeditions in 1877’, Alpine Journal, 8 (1876–78), 328–41 ‘New Expeditions in 1894’, Alpine Journal, 17 (1894–95), 250–66 ‘A New Map of the Adamello’, Alpine Journal, 7 (1874–76), 277–78 ‘New Maps of the Caucasus’, Alpine Journal, 14 (1888–89), 57 ‘Ordinary Members of the Cairngorm Club’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 1 (1893–96), unpaginated ‘The Passage of the Sesia-Joch from Zermatt to Alagna by English Ladies’, Alpine Journal, 5 (1870–72), 367–72 ‘Pocket Guide-Books’, Alpine Journal, 6 (1872–74), 153–58 ‘Proceedings of the Alpine Club’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 457–60 ‘Proceedings of the Alpine Club’, Alpine Journal, 17 (1894–95), 85–98 ‘The Proposed Jungfrau Railway’, Alpine Journal, 18 (1896–97), 405–08 ‘Records Left on Mountain Tops’, Alpine Journal, 14 (1888–89), 323 ‘Reviews’, Alpine Journal, 12 (1884–86) 129–36 ‘Reviews’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 2 (1896–99), 69 ‘Reviews and Notices’, Alpine Journal, 11 (1882–84), 183–91 ‘Reviews and Notices’, Alpine Journal, 11 (1882–84), 305–07 ‘Reviews and Notices’, Alpine Journal, 14 (1888–89), 255–74 ‘Reviews and Notices’, Alpine Journal, 16 (1892–93), 327–42 ‘Reviews and Notices’, Alpine Journal, 17 (1894–95), 527–34 Adamson, Robert, ‘Hill Climbing in Skye’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 1 (1893–96), 181–91 BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 Allbutt, T. Clifford, ‘On the Effect of Exercise upon the Bodily Temperature’, Alpine Journal, 5 (1870–72), 212–18 ———, ‘On the Health and Training of Mountaineers’, Alpine Journal,8(1876–78), 30–40 Almond, Hely H., ‘Ben-y-Gloe on Christmas Day’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal,2(1892–93), 235–39 Baker, Ernest A., ‘Buachaille Etive Mor and the Crowberry Ridge’, Climbers Club Journal, 3 (1900–01), 3–16 ———, ‘Practice Scrambles in Derbyshire’, Climbers’ Club Journal, 1 (1898–99), 53–65 Bonney, T.G., ‘Address by Prof. T. G. Bonney, President’, Alpine Journal, 11 (1882–84), 373–82 ———, ‘The Alpine Club Map of Switzerland’, Alpine Journal, 7 (1874–76), 218–23 Bowles, R.L., ‘Sunburn’, Alpine Journal, 14 (1888–89), 122–27 Boyd, H.C., ‘Ben A’an’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 4 (1896–97), 155–58 Brown, William, ‘Ascent of Ben Nevis by the N. E. Buttress’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 3 (1894–95), 323–31 ———, ‘Climbing in Scotland: Ben Nevis’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 2 (1896–99), 1–8 ———, ‘The Coolins in ’96’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 4 (1896–97), 193–208 Bryant, George R., ‘The Formation of the Climbers’ Club’, Climbers’ Club Journal, 1 (1898–99), 1–7 Bryce, James, ‘Some Stray Thoughts on Mountaineering’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 1 (1893–96), 1–6 Bullock, H. Somerset, ‘Chalk Climbing on Beachy Head’, Climbers’ Club Journal, 1 (1898–99), 91–97 Campbell, Thomas Fraser S., ‘Ben Lui’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 1 (1890–91), 207–14 ———, ‘The Glen Sannox Hills’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal,1(1890–91), 31–36 Carr, Ellis, ‘Two Days on an Ice Slope’, Alpine Journal, 16 (1892–93), 422–46 Cash, C.G., ‘The Ordnance Survey and the Cairngorms’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 3 (1899–1902), 85–88 Collie, John Norman, ‘Climbing Near Wastdale Head’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal,3(1894–95), 1–9 ———, ‘A Reverie’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 5 (1898–99), 93–102 Conway, Martin, ‘Centrists and Excentrists’, Alpine Journal,15(1890–91), 397–403 ———, ‘The Dom from Domjoch’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 104–11 ———, ‘Exhausted Districts’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 255–67 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY Corner, Edred M., ‘The Loch Treig Hills and Ben Na Lap’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 5 (1898–99), 66–69 Cornish, Theodore, ‘An Ascent of the Weisshorn from Zinal; and Some Notes on Winter Climbing’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 195–205 Craufurd Grove, F., ‘Address to the Alpine Club’, Alpine Journal, 13 (1886–88), 213–20 ———, ‘Alpine Training Diet’, Alpine Journal, 12 (1884–86), 149–56 ———, ‘The Comparative Skill of Travellers and Guides’, Alpine Journal, 5 (1870–72), 87–96 Cust, A.C., ‘The Matterhorn Without Guides’, Alpine Journal,8(1876–78), 242–56 Daniel, E.C., ‘First Aid to the Injured in Climbing Accidents’, Climbers’ Club Journal, 1 (1898–99), 43–49 Dent, Clinton T., ‘Address to the Alpine Club’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 3–16 ———, ‘Alpine Climbing – Past, Present and Future’, Alpine Journal, 9 (1878–80), 65–72 ———, ‘The History of an Ascent of the Aiguille du Dru’, Alpine Journal, 9 (1878–80), 185–200 ———, ‘The Rocky Mountains of Skye’, Alpine Journal, 15 (1890–91), 422–36 ———, ‘The Rothhorn from Zermatt’, Alpine Journal, 6 (1872–74), 268–74 Dewar, Francis J., ‘Beinn Mhic Mhonaidh’, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 3 (1894–95), 70–72 Dickens, Charles, ‘Hardihood and Foolhardihood’, All the Year Round, August 1865, p. 86 Donkin, W.F., ‘Photography in the High Alps’, Alpine Journal, 11 (1882–84), 63–71 Downes Law, Edward, ‘Alpine Notes: Cotton versus India Rubber’, Alpine Journal, 10 (1880–82), 41–42 ———, ‘Alpine Notes: India Rubber versus Paper as a Material for Alpine Maps’, Alpine Journal, 10 (1880–82), 40–41 E.R.G., ‘Reviews’, Climbers’ Club Journal, 3 (1900–01), 42–46 Fleming, John, ‘Snowdon’, Cairngorm Club Journal, 1 (1893–96), 90–95 Freshfield,
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