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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North ZMb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I 76-11,327 CHAMPAGNE, Roland Armand, 1946- THE TEXTS AND THE READERS OF PHILIPPE SOLLERS' CREATIVE WORKS FROM 1957 TO 1973. The Ohio State University* Ph.D.* 1974 Language and Literature, modern Xerox University Microfilmsr Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © 1975 ROLAND ARMAND OMMPAG'IE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE TEXTS AND THE READERS OF PHILIPPE SOLLERS' CREATIVE WORKS FROM 1957 to 1973 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Roland A. Champagne, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 197** Reading Committeei Approved By Pierre A. G. Astier Albert N. Maneini Charles G. S. Williams Department of Romance Languages Acknowledgment Thank youi To Gert whose patient help and helpful patience have encouraged me to complete thisstudy. To Professor Pierre Astier who sacrificed part of his vacation to advise me and whose suggestions helped make this project a professional enterprise. To Professors Charles Williams and Albert Maneini for their time and efforts in reading my manuscript. To Professor Sanford Ames for his suggestions to pursue the texts of Sollers. To all my colleagues at Ohio State for their criticisms and opinions during the three years I studied Sollers there. Roland A. Champagne VITA 1968 B.A., Comparative Literature, Providence College, R. I. 1968-1971 U.S. Marine Corps, Vietnam War veteran. 1971-1974 University Fellow, Romance Languages, The Ohio State Univ. 1971-1972 Translator, Bloomington Translation Group, Indiana. 1972 M.A., French Literature, The Ohio State University. (M.A. thesis "The implications for ecrlture in Philippe Sollers' text Nombres"). 1972-1974 Teaching Associate,French, The Ohio State University. 1973 Participated in Change Colloquium at Cerisy-la-Salle, France. PUBLICATIONS 1. Book Beyond the Structuralist Myth of Ecriture, to appear, Mouton, The Hague in De Proprietatibus Litterarum series; 2. Philippe Sollers bibliog. for 1975 Cabeen ed. of A Critical Bibliography of French Literature (French Institute); 3. Essay "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Failure — A Study of the Modernity of Italo Svevo's Una Vita" to be pub. in 1976 by Italian Quarterly; 4. Essay "A Displacement of Plato's Pharmakon — A Study of Italo Svevo's Short Fiction" to be pub. in 1975 by Modern Fiction Studies; 5. Essay "An Incantation of the Sirens: The Structure of Moderato Cantabile" to appear in April '75 issue of The French Review; 6. Essay "The Spiralling Discours: Tzvetan Todorov's model for a narratology" to appear in L*Esprit Crlateur, Winter 1974; 7. Essay "The Metamorphoses of Proteus — A Study of Roland Barthes' Sade Fourier Loyola" pub. by Elikon, Fall 1974; 8. Essay "Un Declenchement: The Revolutionary Implications of Philippe Sollers' Nombres for a Logocentric Western Culture" pub. by Sub-Stance, Fall 1973; 9. Essay "Le Roman du texte: A Response to Julia Kristeva's reading of de LaSale's Jehan de Saintre" pub. by Sub-Stance, Fall 1972; 10. Essay "La Chanson de Roland: A Study of Roland Barthes' Le Degre zero de l'ecriture" pub. by Delta Epsilon Sigma Bulletin, Oct. 1972; FIELDS OF STUDY Structuralism and other periods of French literature Prof. Hugh M. Davidson Linguistics and literature in the XXth century Prof. Charles Winthrop The development of French literary criticism Prof. Charles G. S. Williams Ideology and literature Prof. Michel Pierssens Generative Criticism Prof. Jean Paris iii Table of Contents Acknowledgment 11 * * • Vita 111 Table of Contents iv Symbols . v Introduction 1 Outline of Chapter 1«iii* ......... *•»>! 23 — Chapter It Sollers the experimenter with Le pare 2k Outline of Chapter 2 ........................ 5k — Chapter 2i Sollers the experimenter with Drame . 55 Outline of Chapter 3 ............. ............. 90 — Chapter 3t Sollers the revolutionary with Nombres 91 Outline of Chapter 4 ......................... 1^0 — Chapter k t Sollers the revolutionary with Lois . 141 Outline of Chapter 5 ......................... *97 — Chapter 5» Sollers the revolutionary with H . 198 Conclusion.................................. 2^3 Appendix li The text before the reader in the creative works of Ph. Sollers, 1957-1973 • • 260 Appendix 2t A comparison of the selections in Appendix 1 ..................... .. 262 Works C o n s u l t e d ............................. 263 Abbreviations for the Creative Works of Sollers Le dSfi LD Une ourieuse solitude S Le pare P Drame D Nombres N Lois L H H v 1 Introduction Ever since the appearance of Le pare in 1961, the "texts” of Philippe Sollers have increasingly been sub jected to severe criticism for their illegibility. To agree with or to refute such criticism, one must explore the polyvalent components of "text” and "reading." Initially, let us explore the most basic definitions of these terms and their application to Sollers. On the •one hand, "text" is a succession of signs united within specified boundaries. In the case of Sollers, there are seven such texts which appeared from 1957 to 1 9 7 3» Le dgfi (1957). Une curieuse solitude (1958), Le pare (1961), Drame (1965). Nombres (1968), Lois (1972), and H (1973)* Each of these seven texts, traditionally understood to be creative fiction or narratives, is a closed entity in itself, differing considerably from its successor(s) and/or predecessor(s). Sollers him self has remarked that "chaque texte a sa propre logique et ces logiques sont d i f f e r e n t e s . W h i l e presenting the logical variations of the Sollers texts, we will also trace the development of a common consciousness which has produced and is producing these seven texts through three main stages» 1) 1957-1959* 2) 1960-19675 3) 1968-1973. These three stages demonstrate just what Sollers has identified as the movement of the"Tel Quel GroujJ' through the yearsi "Toute notre action peut ^ 2 se dSfinir par un changement d'axes de references." These changes of orientation proceed from Sollers within traditional narrative (1957-1959)» to Sollers the experi menter (1960-1967)1 to Sollers the revolutionary (1968-1973). On the other hand, let us postulate that reading is, in its most primitive sense, a confrontation of a text with an exterior consciousness. Traditionally in Western civilization, reading has also implied focus ing one's attention upon a written word, deriving meaning or meanings from what is inscribed, and appro priating a written message to one's consciousness. However, Joseph Bya, at the Colloque Cluny II in April 1970, has observed a problem in this Western conception of reading* "Nous savons que, s'il n'est pas de lecture totale, il n'est pas non plus de lecture innocente. Entre texte et lecture s'Slevent et se proflrent toutes sortes de paroles -- des mediations -- qu'il nous est impossible de tout 3. fait c o n g S d i e r . T h e s e mediations are often presented as privileged readings or interprets tions of a text for its readers. Philippe Sollers has given many such theories and critiques which provide insights into his creative texts. However, we will concern ourselves herein only with those of his theories that enable us to understand the dialectic of text and reading in his seven texts produced thus far. These mediations will become increasingly crucial from Le pare (1961) through his subsequent works. Reading the texts of Sollers in their chronological sequence through the three stages previously mentioned is not merely a simple task of consuming a text through reading. The "common consciousness," which will be developed within the seven texts of Sollers, is also a developing ideology about reading and epistemology. This common consciousness of the heterogeneous roles of those seven Sollers texts and their readings may offer us many in sights into our own abilities to "read" anything at all in this last quarter of the twentieth century.