Vol. XVII No. 9 September, 1962 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE - ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN I FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD, (corner FalrflK Rd.). Lendcii, N,W,3 offic* and Coiaulting Heur$: T*l«phei» : MAIda Vale 909«n (General Ollice and Weltare for the A(ed> Monday to Thunday 10 a.m.—l p.m. 3—* p.m MAIda Vale 4449 (Emplovnient Agencv, annuallv licensed by the L.C,C., and Sociai Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.—l p.m.
Egon Larsen of Jewish emigrants have come back recently. " Our Jews are greater patriots than the rest", I was told. " Few non-Jewish emigrants have retumed." But they do come back for occa sional visits, and the authorities do not stop them BEYOND THE GHETTO WALLS when they want to leave again. All this travelling is restricted only by the great lack of foreign Impressions from a Journey Through Poland currency which (bedevils the Polish economy; those who want to go abroad have to get friends in other countries to pay for their tickets. To my own surprise, my first meal in Warsaw then that, after the Poznan riots, Wladislaw consisted of matzo and gefilte fisch. washed down Gomulka retumed from prison and obscurity to One remigrant to whom I spoke was the manager with vodka. Guided by a helpful native, who become, as First Secretary of the Communist of the second Jewish restaurant in Warsaw, said that Jewish restaurants (there are two of Party, virtually the ruler of Poland, From that " Samson", whose tripe and onions are famous them in Warsaw) were especially good, I had day there began a liberalisation which transformed all over the town. He told me that he had been landed in a large basement restaurant called the country from an Iron Curtain Police State in Australia, but returned after seven months. " Arnica '•, run and staffed by a collective of into something like a halfway house between East Complaining about the conditions in the camps Jewish veterans. As in most Polish restaurants, and West. For this the Poles are deeply grateful for new arrivals, he said: "That country is like a band was playing, and the couples filled the to Gomulka. The fact that he has a Jewish wife, a prison." dance floor to the last inch. The guests were who has stood by him in his most difficult times mainly non-Jews to judge by their faces—but I (and he by her), may have contributed much Religious and Cultural Life Was soon to find out that in this respect one to the marked improvement of relationships cannot trust appearances in Poland. There was between the handful of Jews who had remained I did not see much of the Jewish religious Jife rouch Siimmung, and already on this first evening in, or returned to, Poland and at least the urban that is left; it is obvious that the process of out in Warsaw I could sense the free and easy piopulation, the intelligentsia, and the educated assimilation among the Jewish Poles is continu atmosphere in present-day Poland. I was also classes in general, " No one cares who is a Jew ous and goes on under its own momentum, with and who isn't", I heard several Poles say quite out any pressure from the outside. Very few to encounter many more times Jewish dishes emphatically, " What does it matter today ? '• which are an essential part of the excellent Polish of them speak Yiddish ; the younger generation cuisine, and are produced and exported in great I spoke to one of these non-Jews about the in the big towns hardly ever hear it spoken. There quantities in tins. Their production would not chances for a Jew to get on in present-day seems to be little desire for a religious life ; it is be warranted if the remaining Jews in Poland Poland, and he began to enumerate some people true, they like their matzo at Passover, they were the only buyers. gather for Seder, they light candles at Chanucah in leading positions whom he knew to be Jews. —but this they do less for religious than for Suddenly he checked himself. " It's all wrong ", sentimental reasons. The existing Jewish com he said. " We shouldn't think on those lines at A Small Remnant munities are so small that they could never live all. Once you start refiecting who is a Jew and on members' contributions; the State subsidises who isn't you have the seeds of antisemitism in them and keeps the synagogues going. There How many are there left ? Figures vary, and your mind." ai;e kosher butchers, but they could not carry on there are no official statistics, but 50,000 is the without their non-Jewish customers—^Polish house Usual estimate. It is no use trying to " spot •• Anti-Jewish Prejudices wives maintain that kosher meat is best. These Jews in the streets, the offices, the caf^s. During shops are among the 30 per cent privately owned rnoxc than three weeks in Poland—in Warsaw, Has the evil of antisemitism, then, disappeared businesses. Cracow, Gdansk and the provinces—I did not in Poland, the country notorious for its tradi see a single " Polish Jew" as we in the West Theatre goers are enthusiastic about the War tional hatred of the Jews ? saw Yiddish Theatre, which has also been on tour visualise that type: with beard, peyes, long gabar Among the whole generation that witnessed dine, and black hat. These Jews have disappeared in England. This, too, is a State enterprise. The the Warsaw Ghetto rising of 1943, the heroism of Yiddish-language daily, Vollisstimme, published by completely, e.xcept in the former German towns the Jews must have acted as a deep historical of Western Poland ; and if you attempt to judge the Jewish Cultural Association, and the monthly nierely by looking at faces you are bound to go shock, upsetting all the conventional ideas about Yiddish Scltriftn are financed by the State, which *rong. in one case, for instance, a " typically them. It can never be erased from the memory also assists some Yiddish schools and a number Jewish" face turned out to belong to a woman of the nation ; only in the villages, among the of Jewish clubs. I saw the one in Cracow, which from an old aristocratic family. peasant population, it does not seem to have had has two large halls, a kosher restaurant, two the same impact as in the towns, among the grand pianos, ping-pong tables and a nursery. What we in the West rarely realise is that a working class and what used to be called the substantial part of the Jews in Poland were not bourgeoisie. And it is indeed in the provinces, The bookshops have a good variety of Western " Polish Jews " but " Jewish Poles •', and a small among the country folk, that the traditional pre books, either in their original languages or in nutnber of them have survived the holocau&t judices against thc Jews still persist—despite the Polish translations. I do not think that you which cost three million Jewish lives. Those who fact that there is hardly any Jewish population could find a biography of Ben-Gurion and a book have remained in Poland have merged in the in the country. It is sad to record that the lower called " Israel Today", prominently displayed, rest of the papulation. Many changed their Catholic clergy are still a source of the time- in any other Iron C5urtain country, as I did in names during the occupation, or had their names honoured antisemitism, although many Jews owe a Cracow shop. There are also a few Yiddish changed for them by those who rescued them their lives to Catholic priests. A Jewish woman books. from the ghettoes while they were still children, told me that in 1945, when she happened to get The Warsaw Ghetto, or rather the place where A Jewess told me that she and her family were into a Sunday school, she heard the curate say: it was, is now a vast residential district with very smuggled out, disguised at labourers, by the " Poland has benefited much from the two world modem and attractive blocks of flats; on the Polish resistance; others were hidden by monks wars. In the first we got rid of the Russians, in main square is Natan Rappaport's large monu ^nd nuns—who, of course, did so because they the second of the Jews." ment to the ghetto fighters, with realistic figures Wanted to save not only the children's lives biit in half-relief, the centre slab being flanked by also their souls ; it is, however, difficult to esti- It would be a mistake to underestimate the two bronze candelabra, Polish artists are not very "late how many of these young Jews have effect of these attitudes. To be sure, Poland is happy about the memorial because they feel it is i^rnained Roman Catholics in their adult lives. a Socialist State, but in the villages 90 per cent of not modern and impressive enough. I know of one instance in which three children, the people are practising Catholics, Church and rescued by monks, later embraced the Catholic State seem to be equally powerful; in fact, it is The Cracow ghetto is still there, that is, the taith out of gratitude, while their parents remained precisely this balance of power which accords streets of which it consisted. It is one of the most Jewish. the individual citizen a degree of liberty which depressing and dilapidated districts one can must be the envy of the people of Eastern Ger imagine, with muddy, unpaved roads and crumb There is, of course, no official bias of any sort many, Czechoslovakia and Russia. Perhaps, the ling old houses. When the Jews had been against the Jews, and there seems to be little most important freedom is that of being able to deported the local thugs moved in. One of these Unofficial prejudice ; what there was in the leave the country, either in order to emigrate or to houses was the birthplace of Helena Rubinstein, Stalinist era has apparently vanished more or less visit friends and relatives abroadi (every Pole the beauty specialist One can well imagine that Since October, 1956—the date which crops up in seems to have plenty of the latter). Many Jews a girl growing up amidst such ugliness and every conversation, and which is as significant have gone to Israel and the rest can still leave squalor decided to devote her life to giving the for the Poles as 1066 is for the British, It was if they like; but I hav; been told that a number world a face-lift. ^^mmm'K- l.flt^ltMi'i'M^i--
Page 2 AJR INFORMATION September. 1962
In these circumstances he asked the Home Secre tary if he would send a strongly worded advice Parliamentary Debates to every chief constable and watch committee in the country, begging them to disallow such meet FEDERAL RESTITUTION LAW GENOCIDE CON\XNnON ings in the concentrated areas of cities. Mr, Brooke said they must bear in mind that Limit of 1.5 Million DM Criticised The Government has decided not to accede to freedom of speech had to be preserved. He On July 18th Mr, Woodnutl asked the Lord the Genocide Convention which outlaws the crime claimed that there was no power in the law to Privy Seal if he will state the total amount paid of race extermination. This was announced by prohibit in advance such meetings, by the Federal German Govermnent under the Mr. Edward Heath, the Lord Privy Seal, in the Mr, George Brown said Mr. Brooke had power Federal Restitution Law of 1957 ; what percentage Commons. to ban processions under the Public Order Act, of the total amount due this represents ; what In a statement circulated to M.P.s detailing the Mr, Jo Grimond. the Liberal leader, asked that proposals the Federal German Govemment Government's reason for their decision. Mr. Heath meetings which were designed not to put forward have made to pay more than the limit of said : " The Govemment is advised that the effect particular points of view, but were to provoke 1.500,000.000 Deutschmarks agreed by the three of Article 7 (of the Convention) is that if we violence, should be banned. Westem Powers and the Federal Republic of accede to the Convention it would be necessary to Protesting that Mr, Brooke's undertaking to Germany at Bonn in 1952 ; and if he will give an amend the extradition Acts " and there would be look at the Public Order Act during the next three assurance that Her Majesty's Government will derogation from this country's traditional right months was too long a time. Mr. William insist on compensation in full before a peace to grant political asylum. Griffiths drew attention to the fact that mean treaty is signed. Sir Barnett Janner has severely criticised the while the fascists would hold an extensive pro The Joint Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Government's decision. Speaking in the House gramme of meetings. Affairs (Mr. Peter Thomas) replied: According to of Commons, he put forward the possibility that information recently supplied by the Government the anti-Jewish speakers at the Trafalgar Square Mr, Tom Driberg said that the Minister of of the Federal Republic of Germany the total meetings might well be guilty of genocide accord Works and Public Buildings had the power to amount paid under the Federal Restitution Law ing to the terms of the Convention, He referred allow or disallow meetings in Trafalgar Square. of 1957 up to Ist April. 1962. was 1,283,884,885,76 to the Nazi atrocities and spoke of the "" amazing He had disallowed a meeting of the Committee Deutschmarks. Claims up to 20,000 Deutsch spectacle" in Britain of people declaring them of 100. marks are paid up to 100 per cent and higher selves to be Nazis. On August 14. a ban on three Sunday after claims have in general been paid up to 50 per Mr. Peter Thomas, Under-Secretary for Foreign noon Trafalgar Square rallies planned by extreme cent. Furthermore, claimants who are 65 years Affairs, in replying said that" although genocide, Right-wing organisations was announced by the of age or more receive 75 per cent of their as such, is not a criminal offence in this country Ministry of Works. The rallies were planned claim up to a maximum of 100,000 Deutschmarks. in as much as the word " genocide' does not by the National Socialist Movement (leader, Colin The Govemment of the Federal Republic have appear on the statute book, most of the offences Jordan) on August 19, the British National made no proposals to Her Majesty's Government which are within the definition of genocide in the Party (organiser. John Bean) on September 2. for the payment of more than 1.5 milliard Convention are ". and the Union Movement (leader. Sir Oswald Deutschmarks ; however, I am informed that the Mosley) on September 23. responsible authorities in the Federal Republic are examining whether, and to what exent. FASCIST MEETLNGS arrangements more favourable to the claimants " SACK JORDAN ! " might be made as a result of amendments to the In the House of Commons an immediate ban The Governors of Colin Jordan's school—the Federal Restitution Law which are being pre on meetings provoking racial hatred was refused Coventry schoolteacher is the leader of the pared, by Mr, Henry Brooke, Home Secretary, Despite National Socialist Movement—have recommended Mr, Woodnutt: Will my hon, friend answer pressure from Labour and some Tory M.P.s, Mr, to the Education Committee that his services with the last part of my question ? If the Federal Brooke would not budge, stating only that he the local authority be terminated at the end of Govemment do not agree to pay these people in would study the operation of the Public Order the year and his present suspension continued. full could we insist that they do so before we sign Act in the course of the next three months. a peace treaty ? Is my hon, friend aware of At the annual conference of the National Union His assertion that he had no power to stop of Hebrew Teachers, an emergency resolution, individual cases in this country of people who provocative meetings was hotly challenged by Sir have had half the money which is due to them passed unanimously, expressed abhorrence of the Barnett Janner. Nazi doctrine of racial discrimination openly and who have been told that they must wait Mr. Brooke claimed that in the case of the until they are 65 years of age before they receive advocated by Jordan, and declared that his actions meetings arranged by the Union Movement, the rendered him totally unacceptable as a colleague. the balance ? This is causing considerable hard disorder did not result from any words uttered ship lo a lot of people. Does my hon, friend at the meetings by those who organised them, GRANTS FOR AUSTRIAN REFUGEES agree that, as individuals are expected to meet but from the determination of others to prevent their liabiUties in full, the Federal German the meetings from being held. Government should be expected to do likewise ? The Austrian Parliament has enacted a law To this Mr, R, T, Paget later replied: " It which supplements the Assistance Fund Law and Mr. Thomas: I am aware of the hardships really does not matter what these people say. provides that the " Hilfsfonds" (Fund for the which exist, and I know of one particular case After six million have died in gas chambers, the assistance of Nazi victims living abroad who which my hon. friend has brought to our notice. appearance of people proclaiming themselves emigrated from Austria) will accord grants to As I said, the Federal German Govemment have fascists or National Sociahsts at certain times, victims of Nazi persecution from Austria, irre under consideration the possibility of further and in certain areas is. in itself, a wanton affront spective of their former and present nationality. legislation. Our Embassy in Bonn is in touch to racial feelings," on account of damage caused by loss of occupa with the German authorities on this subject and In his statement Mr, Brooke seemed to equate tion and discontinuance of education or its inter I don^t think that anything more can usefully those who oppose inciters of race hatred and ruption for a period of over three and a half years. be done at present. those who attack people because of their colour, As regards the last part of my hon, friend's " The extent and nature of the violence which The grant for loss of occupation will amount question, if this matter is still outstanding it will has occurred both at these (fascist) meetings and to Austrian Schillings 9,000, Should the means certainly be one to be considered when the peace in a different context in Dudley, is deeply of the Fund allow, it is possible additional grants treaty is negotiated. disturbing ", he said. may be accorded at a later stage. ANTI-HATRED BILL Sir Robert Cary reminded Mr. Brooke that the The amount of the grant for discontinuance or paramount consideration was the maintenance of intertuption of education has been fixed at The Home Secretary, Mr. Henry Brooke, and public order. He said that the organisers of these Austrian Schillings 6,000. Within the next few his legal advisers have been examining the Public meetings went to a point of assembly headed by months the Assistance Fund will issue an Order Act of 1936 to see if it can be amended to a band of drums—-a Hitler technique in itself. announcement calling on potential claimants to prevent incitement to racial hatred. In Manchester, they were in close proximity to submit applications on forms which will be avail Mr. Brooke is looking for a formula which one of the greatest Jewish papulations in the able also from the offices of the United Restitution would maintain public order by making incitement country and to a settled coloured community of Oreanisation, 183'189 Finchley Road. London. an offence while at the same time preserving the no fewer than 12.000 people. N.W,3, right of free speech. A new Government Bill in the next session of Parliament beginning in the autumn is not ruled out. Meanwhile several lawyer M.P.s have examined the existing legislation and precedents in the courts and have come to the conclusion that no amend Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. ment of the law is necessary. They contend that the Home Secreiary can adequately cope with the anti-Jewish demonstrations with the measures Bankers already at his disposal. The official view, however, does not support BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 this contention. The Government hope to receive guidance on the application of the law from the Telephone: METropolitan 8151 case of Colin Jordan, which came before the courts. Jordan was charged following the " Hitler RtpftMtUwf t was right" meeting in Trafalgar Square and I. L. FEUCHTWANCJER BANK LTD. I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION sentenced to two months' imprisonment. An TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 60 EAST 42nJ ST.. NEW YORK, 17. N.Y. appeal is pending.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 Page 3 THE FASCIST DANGER ANGLO-JUDAICA Hampstead Coausuauty Centre COUNTER-ACTIONS FASCIST RALLIES IN BRITAIN The Executive Committee of the Council of Call for Ban U.S.A. Nazi deported the United Synagogue at a meeting of the Council reported that plans have been completed and A special meeting of the Hackney Borough George Lincoln Rockwell, self-styled leader of approved by the planning authority for a com Council unanimously passed a resolution request the American Nazi Party, was deported after he munity centre adjoining the Hampstead Syna ing the Government to ban all organisations gave himself up in the heart of London. He gogue. It will be built at a cost of about £110,000 preaching the doctrines of racial hatred and dis gave the Nazi salute as he entered thc aircraft. and will provide much-needed accommodation for the various cultural and social acUvities connected crimination. An addendum asking the Government Despite a Government announcement that no to ban Union Movement meetings was also passed. with the local Jewish youth and other organisa foreign Nazi delegates would be allowed to enter tions attached to the synagogue, Alderman Simon S, Cohen, leader of the Stoke this country. Rockwell and nine other foreign Newington Borough Council, led a delegation of Nazis attended a camp organised by Colin representatives of seven North and East London Jordan^s National Socialist Movement in Jews' College Progress boroughs to see the Home Secretary. Gloucestershire. He entered the country via the Republic of Ireland. Confidence in the continued progress and well- Committee in Manchester Following some indecision when the Home being of Jews' College was expressed by Sir Secretary was said to be still considering the case .Man Mocatta. vvho recently resigned his chair A meeting was held under the chairmanship and a Home Office official said it was not worth manship of the Council, together with other Hon. of Dr. Nathan Malimson and over two hundred deporting George Rockwell if he was going to Officers, in protest against the Chief Rabbi's people attended, to form an anti-fascist committee leave forthwith, it was announced that the Home decision not to appoint Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs in Manchester. Secretary had ordered his deportation. Police as Princijral. The initiative for such a committee came from had been asked to find Rockwell since his where Presiding as guest Chairman over the annual Councillor Peter Grimshaw, Secretary of the abouts were not known to the Home Office. speech day. he stated he had no doubt whatever Salford City Labour Party, following the incidents Rockwell slippied away from the camp before of the continuing value to the community of the which occurred at Mosley's Union Movement College, both in this country and throughout the nieeting in Manchester, it was broken up by local villagers. Infuriated by the presence of the Nazis only three miles Commonwealth. from their village, about 100 inhabitants from Youth Protests Guiting Power attacked the Nazi delegates, A New Theology Society shot was fired through the swastika on the flag About fifty young Jews from clubs in North- flying over the camp. The camp was ended after Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs has agreed to become West London demonstrated outside Admiralty the police intervened. Director of a Society for the Study of Jewish House and later handed in a letter to Mr, Mac- Theology which has been formed. tnillan. The protest read : " The whole country B.N.P. Conference pleads with you to use the powers that have been The reasons for the formation of the Society bestowed on you by the people to stamp out Fascists from France, Italy and Spain also are given in a statement issued by members of fascism before it once again leads the world to arrived in Britain for the European Hnk-up con the Society's Sponsoring Committee, The aim death and destruction ". ference with the British National Party, the body of the institution, it is stated, is to encourage the which expelled Jordan last March. The party's study, based on sound scholarship, of the teach Deputation Meets Home Secretary three-day rally was held on the 5.000-acre Norfolk ings of traditional Judaism. estate of its leader, Andrew Fountain, who is a A deputation led by the Chief Rabbi and Sir former Conservative Parliamentary candidate. Part Sir Bamett Janner Honoured Barnett Janner met Mr. Henry Brooke at the of the programme was a " tactics " talk in prepara Home Office. tion for the party's rally in Trafalgar Square on The British Zionist Federation held a festive Anxiety about the disorders which have occurred September 2. (Meanwhile, this rally has been dinner to mark the 70ih birthday of its President, at recent meetings was expressed by the members banned.) Sir Bamett Janner. of the deputation, who urged that steps should Fountain said his party had no connection with His comrades in the Zionist Federation and the oe taken to prohibit the holding in future of Mosley's Union Movement. He said that they Labour Party as well as his political foes in nieetings of a racially provocative character. were l(X) per cent anti-Communist. ParUament. came to honour Sir Barnett as a Fifty people attended the conference, including Jewish communal leader, a politician and a man. Chief Rabbi's Letter to Synagogues the four foreign delegates, who said that they In a letter to all synagogues urging prayers for had no trouble in gaining access to Britain. Aid for Hunger Campaign Uie victims of the Nazis, Dr. Israel Brodie wrote: The evil which we all thought was completely WOULD-BE SCOTTISH " FUEHRER " A number of synagogues and Jewish organisa tions will participate in projects to be undertaken discredited, is not exorcised, has raised its ugly Arthur Smith, a 39-year-old accounts clerk, of head again. And in England, of all places ! " in this country during the United Nations Free Glasgow, claimed he was leader of a National dom from Hunger Campaign, At a Press con Socialist movement in Scotland and had 750 fol ference under the joint auspices of the Inter- ANTI-FASCISTS CHARGED lowers, who held secret rallies. They wore Church Aid and Refugee Service, the Oxford swastika emblems, used the Nazi salute and Committee for Famine Relief and the Save the The two meetings of Sir Oswald Mosley's learned unarmed combat and " propaganda ". Lnion .Movement held in Ridley Road, London, Children Fund, it was announced these three pn.d in Manchester, resulted in over 90 people Questions were asked at the Glasgow Corpora organisations were between them pledged to raise being arrested and several others injured in some tion Education Committee about the youth club— over £2 milhon, Inter-Church Aid often receives of the ughest outbreaks of violence seen in this the Young Scots Brigade—run by Smith in a assistance from synagogues and Jewish charitable country since before the war. Glasgow school. organisations and is confident that help will also .Neither of the meetings lasted more than a few Smith had planned to take a group on holiday be forthcoming from them during the new Winutes. So strong was the reaction by anti to Germany this year. He has been thrown out campaign. fascist crowds that the police were forced to close of his brother's home and has gone into hiding. Children and Youth Aliyah will participate in the rrieetings to prevent further disorders. " I knew nothing about this Nazi nonsense." said the campaign through the medium of the U.K, Thirteen of the 39 people who appeared in his brother James. Committee for Unicef, Manchester magistrates' court charged with offences arising out of the Moslev march and rallv ORTHODOX JEWISH SCIENTISTS Sir Basil Henriques Memorial Fund *'cre Jews. The number of anti-fascists who demonstrated A British Association of Orthodox Jewish .^n amount of over £12.000 has been subscribed along the route of the march was estimated scientists has been established. At a meeting in by over 900 individuals since the launching of at 4.000. London of Orthodox scientists, doctors and univer the Memorial Fund set up at the beginning of Included in the crowd which waited in the sity graduates it was decided to apply for affiliation Mav in the name of Sir Basil Henriques. The town centre for the meeting which was hardly to the corresponding body in America. Duke of Edinburgh is one of the contributors allowed to start, were a number of people wear A panel of members will advise school-leavers to this fund. ing the Yellow Star which has now become a and students on questions of Judaism affecting The money raised by the Fund will be divided tamibar sight at this sort of meeting. their studies and careers, and the Association will between six organisations, including boys' and •Nearly fiftv people, including several Jews also advise and help in questions of Jewish \outh clubs, the Bernhard Baron St, George's appeared at Old Street and North London Courts observance and employment in the sciences. Jewish Settlement, the British Diabetic Associa p" J^narges arising out of the disturbances at the EISTEDDFOD MEDAL FOR JOSEF HERMAN tion and the National Association of Probation ^."Jley Road meeting. Many of them wore the Officers, None of the money will be used for lellow Star. At the opening of the National Eisteddfod of administrative purposes. One of the accused told the court he had seen Wales. Josef Herman, the Polish-bom artist, was Frankie Vaughan. a member of the Memorial twth his parents and some of his family killed bv awarded the gold medal for his services to Welsh Fund Advisory Committee, at a Press reception ^ne fascists in Germanv. Another said: "If art. The artist, who fled Nazi-dominated Poland, spoke of the help and advice he had received people don't do what I attempted to do and lived in Wales from 1944 to 1955. It is most from Sir Basil ever since he had himself entered oemonstrate against this sort of thina. a situation unusual for an artist not Welsh-bom to receive the sphere of youth club work some eight years "Ught arise which arose in Germanv in 1933." this high award. ago. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 NEWS FROM ABROAD YIDDISH IN CUBA In Havana there is a school known as "The Albert Einstein Jewish School", which is unique JEWS IN RUSSIA More Sentences not only in Cuba but anywhere else in the world. M. Blumel Denies Anti-Jewish Policy In new trials for economic offences, 47 persons Portraits of Fidel Castro and other Cuban leaders were convicted, nine were condemned to death hang side by side with pictures of Ben-Gurion or M. Andre Blumel, lawyer and former President of whom four were Jews. After reporting that maps of Israel. Every Friday afternoon after of the French Zionist Federation, on his return nine persons were sentenced to death, the paper assembly the pupils sing thc Cuban national from the Soviet Union where he attended the " Sovietskaya Khirgizia " stated that " others too anthem, " The Internationale ", and " Hatikvah ", World Peace Council congress, reported that were sentenced to death ". Of the eight persons one after another. In this school not only Jewish Leningrad has a Jewish community of 326,000. sentenced to 15 years' imprisonmenL four were children study Yiddish and Hebrew but also This is much larger than was supposed in the West Jews.—(J.C.) Cuban children. The Chairman of the Soviet Committee on Religious Affairs, Mr. V. Puzin, had a meeting All the lessons are in Spanish and the syllabus with M. Blumel in Moscow. Mr. Puzin told him ANTISEMITISM IN ARGENTINA in the morning is exactly like that of all the other that it was absolutely untrue that the baking of Cuban schools, but the afternoon is devoted to matzot was forbidden. " It was simply decided Outbreaks of antisemitic violence continue in Jewish studies, including Yiddish, Hebrew, Bible that the State would no longer furnish ritual Argentina. The International League for the stories, Jewish religion and customs and the objects and that no exception to this rule would Rights of Man has reported to U Thant, Acting geography of Israel. be tolerated. Thus it was that the State bakeries Secretary-General of the United Nations, " a The " Albert Einstein" school used to be an were ordered not to bake any matzot this year." series of grave violations of human rights which elementary and grammar school combined, prep)ar- Jews in Moscow had told him that they had to constitute a threat to the life and security of the ing its pupils for University entrance. Since all secure their supplies of matzot privately but, in members of the Jewish community in Argentina ". Jewish teenagers have already left the country Leningrad, he found that the State had sold 130 Hopes raised at the beginning of July by the it now functions only as a kindergarten and tons of flour for the baking of matzot to the statement of the Minister of the Interior, Dr. elementary school. But since the school was taken Committee of the Jewish community. Carlos A. Adrogue, that the Government would over by the Govemment last year Gentile children On the question of anti-Jewish attacks in the take strong action against perpetrators of anti have been directed to it, as Cuban law stipulates Soviet Press. Mr. Puzin stated that all religions, semitic attacks, were soon dashed. During the that every child must study in the school nearest without exception, were being attack&d in Russian week after the Minister's declaration there were his home, Jewish children, however, are per newspapers as part of the drive against religion. more than a dozen incidents. mitted to come from other areas to the school. However, observed M. Blumel, the Russian There are no grounds for assuming the Argen These new Gentile pupils have to learn Yiddish in authorities failed or refused to understand that tine Government to be antisemitic. There is the afternoon, while an attack on the Orthodox Church was by considerable concern about the anti-Jewish inci no means an anti-Russian action, an attack on dents and their effect on the outside world. It is Cuban children. Jewish, Gentile, White and Judaism constituted anti-Jewish propaganda. the sense of economic and p>olitical crisis existing Negro, sing and chant in Yiddish together. In his meetings with Soviet leaders, said M. in Argentina today which provides the background But, with the exodus of so many Jews from Blumel, he had never failed to remind them of against which antisemitism flourishes. Allied wilh Cuba, it is doubtful how long the Jewish school the need to act against antisemitsm. But he did this is a violent campaign of anti-Communism will be able to carry on, Jews constantly praise not believe that the Government as such was in reaction to Castro ; a campaign in which the the Cubans' tolerance and friendliness towards antisemitic. Nazis are given their head and in which they Jews, but many prefer a different form of society M. Blumel visited the editorial offices of the use it to butt the Jews. to the Castro regime,—(J.C) Yiddish review " Sovietishe Heimland " during his But against this and the inaction of the police stay in Moscow. He asked members of the Board must be set the wholehearted condemnation of why the review had not been published monthly antisemitism by all sizable political, social and POLISH PREMIER HONOURS MAJDANEK and why it appeared in an edition of only 25.000 cultural groups. As much as the Jews, they regret MARTYRS copies. The reply was that authorisation for that Argentina today is the major ceiitre of Nazi monthly publication could be easily obtained but activities. The Polish Prime Minister, Mr, Cyrankiewicz. the editors felt they would have difficulty in secur There are reports that the Vatican has actively ing sufficient original Yiddish material to justify has become the patron of the " Days of so frequent an appearance. He was assured that intervened to curb the activities of some Catholic Majdanek ", proclaimed by the Jewish community the number of copies per issue was enormous for priests who have lent their support to antisemitic in Poland to commemorate the martyrdom of the a publication addressed to a minority nationality. organisations or have themselves given voice to victims put to death in the Nazi concentration anti-Jewish sentiments. It is no secret that some camp near Lublin. priests are strongly antisemitic. The leading Nazi American Correspondent Disagrees with The commemoration will be observed through M. Blumel organisation, Tacuara, has close ties with some Church circles. out Poland during September. The Prime Rabbi D. Gross, founder and former editor of Criticism of the fact that the Argentine Govern Minister was himself an inmate of the concentra the American Jewish Examiner, also attended the tion camp and a member of the secret organisation ment has not taken action before now to control in the camp which aided Jewish and other victims. Moscow Disarmament Congress as a special " fascist and undemocratic elements, especially correspondent for a number of American news- those preaching opsen violence and brutality ", was Simultaneously with the commemoration days, a pap)ers. expressed by the Anglo-Jewish Association in a conference of the former inmates of the camp, In an interview in London on his way back memorandum submitted to the Argentine Ambas from Poland and abroad, is to be held in Lublin, from Moscow, he passionately attacked the sador in London. and a museum containing evidence of Nazi Kremlin's policy towards the Jewish minority and Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., President of the barbarism will be opened.—(J.C.) strongly challenged the views about Russian Board of Deputies, called on the Argentine Jewry and the Soviet attitude expressed by M. Ambassador and emphasised that a " very serious Blumel. Rabbi Gross also rejected the claims ALGERIAN JEWRY made by Mr. V. Puzin, the Chairman of the view" of the outrages was taken by the Anglo- Soviet Committee for Religious Affairs, who Jewish community. Expressing sympathy, the Mr. Mohammed Ben Bella. Deputy Prime received M. Blumel for a discussion on Russian Ambassador assured Sir Bamett that he would Minister in the Algerian Provisional Government, Jewry. communicate those views to the Argentine has given an assurance that he will never allow Government, He added that the Government was discrimination in Algeria, He stated that it was untrue that the baking " very concerned" about the outrages and was of matzot had not been forbidden and that Jews anxious to do all it could to stop them,—(J,C.) In an interview with a corresp)ondent of the in Leningrad were provided with 150 tons of flour Left-wing weekly L'Express, who asked him about to bake matzot. He said the antisemitic attacks his reported statement that all Algerians were in the Press were much more virulent than any NAZI GROUP IN URUGUAY Arabs and that he strongly disliked Israel, Mr. directed against other sections of the population. Ben Bella declared: " All this is slander. My It was his conviction that the Soviet Government An Argentine Jew, Dr. Maximo Handel Blanc, entire political past proves that I am an opponent was not only anti-Israeli but anti-Jewish. was beaten unconscious in Montevideo by four of racialism, , , . Some of my best friends are But he said he had gained the impression that unidentified youths. They bundled him into a car lews and some of the lawyers who defended me the Communist officials were beginning to feel and branded swasikas on his thigh. were Jews. I shall never forget what they did that they had made a mistake in destroying Jewish This was the third incident of its kind within for our revolution, I shall never allow racial dis culture. It was possible that there might still a few days. According to the police, the youths crimination in my country. When I said that be a radical change in the attitude of the Com are members of a small pro-Nazi group which is we are Arabs, this fact had a precise pKjlitical munists towards Judaism and traditional Jewish trying to stir up trouble in university circles. All sense, I wanted to underline that the Arab world life. the victims of the group, said police sources, were known to hold strong political views,—(J.C.) is neutralist. , . . This had no racialist meaning." "Concern of American People" Hopes that at least some of the one hundred or so Jews who have disapp)eared in Algeria since Mr. Kenneth Keating in the American Senate PORTUGUESE "MEIN KAMPF" urged that instructions should be given to the new the beginning of the year may still be alive, have U.S.A. Ambassador to Russia to " exert all the According to a German Embassy spokesman in been aroused by the news that a number of influence he has at his command to express the Rio de Janeiro, the West German Govemment is Europ>eans are being held incommunicado in vital concern of the American people" over the to institute civil proceedings against a Brazilian Algerian camps. Some of these have already problem of Soviet antisemitism and to " exercise firm for the unauthorised publication of Hitler's been released. all the moral suasion possible to bring about some " Mein Kampf" in Portuguese. The copyright Mr. Ben Bella has repeated his earlier waming amelioration of the conditions now existing for of " Mein Kampf " belongs to the Bavarian State of severe punishment for Moslems who continue the Soviet Jew ". Government. to kidnap Europeans or Jews.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION September. 1962 Page 5
GERMAN HANDBOOK OF JEWISH NEWS FROM GERMANY KNOWLEDGE First Publication after the War RIGHT-WING YOUTH ORGANISATION " DEUTSCHNATIONALE VOLKSPARTEI " The C. Bertelsmann Veriag in Guetersloh, West BANNED AGAIN Germany, has signed a contract with John F. Oppenheimer in New York for a one-volume The extreme right-wing " Bund Vaterlandischer The German National People's Party, which Jugend" was dissolved by order of the Federal Jewish encyclop)edia, " Lexikon des Judentums", from 1919 to 1933 was the Conservative Right- in German. Ministry of the Interior. In announcing this wing Party, has recently been reconstituted. At a decision the Ministry states that the activities of meeting in Kassel it was stated that it was the This will be the first book of this kind in this organisation were directed against the con Party^s aim to represent the "Conservative con Germany since Mr. Opi>enheimer, together with stitution of the German Federal RepubUe and science of the German people •• and thus build up Emanuel bin Gorion, Alfred Loewenberg and against peace amongst the nations. The group a nationalist op[>osition. Otto Neuburger brought out the well-known which, according to its own statement, comprised " Philo-Lexikon Haadbuch des jucdischen 900 members, was the numerically strongest and, Wissens" in Berlin in 1934. This lexicon in view of its anti-democratic ideas, most EICHMANN AIDE SENTENCED appeared in 4 editions and more than 30.000 dangerous right-wing youth organisation. copies, despite the difficulties under the Nazi A former collaborator of Eichmann, Otto regime. One other encyclojiedia had been pub HAMBURG JUDGE ARRESTED Hunsche, was sentenced to five years' hard labour lished in Germany before that in 1927: G. in Frankfurt. He had been charged with com Herlitz's and B. Kirschner's 5-volume " Juedisches Amtsgerichtsrat Fritz Puis was arrested recently plicity in the deportation of 1,200 Hungarian Jews Lexikon ". J. Klatzkin's " Encyclopedia Judaica " because he is suspected of having been an accom- in 1944, The court came to the conclusion that had to be abandoned after 10 magnificent volumes pUce to the shooting of Jews in Russia during the Hunsche knew that the final destination of the covering the letters A to L had appeared from war. Puis had already been suspended in May deported Jews was Auschwitr. Hunsche himself 1928-1934. when the first indications of his activities became strongly denied having had any knowledge of the Mr. Oppenheimer is again supported by known, mass murder of Jews. Emanuel bin Gorion. now in Tel Aviv. The contributors include many of those who also VERDICT AGAINST EX-GESTAPO worked on the Philo-Lexikon, among them: Fritz KZ CRIMES BEFORE GER.MAN COURTS Friedlander. Melbourne; Kurt Friedlander, Lon An Administrative Court at Kassel has deprived don ; Alfred Hirschberg. Sao Paulo; E. G. Lothar Hoffmann, a former Gestapo officer, of In one of its recent issues the Bulletin of the Lowenthal, Frankfurt; Hanns Reissner, New some West German civil service privileges. This Press and Information Service of the Federal York; Werner Rosenstock, London; Manfred action was taken because Hoffmann failed to Government publishes a detailed review of the Swarsensky. Madison. There are also new contri disclose the full truth about his Nazi past to the documentary collection of trials against Nazi butors such as: Werner Cahnman, New York ; authorities. During the war he was a Gestapw criminals edited by Dr. H. G. van Dam and Ralph Dora Edinger, Evanston, Illinois; Jehuda Eren, officer at Lublin in Poland, where he supervised Giordano. The trials, the bulletin writes, testify Tel Aviv ; Erich Eyck, London ; Helmut Galliner, the mass murder of Jews, to the efforts of the German Federal Republic New York; Artur Holde. New York; Rudolf He was released from imprisonment by the to overcome the tragic past. The shock created Kayser, New York ; Carl Misch, Danville, Ken Russians in 1953 and accepted for employment by the trials amongst Germans is the starting tucky ; Kurt Pinthus, New York; Richard Van by the West German police force, who did not point of a creative process of purification. Who Dyck. New York; Robert Weltsch, London; know of his wartime activities, although he had ever reads the evidence is bound to realise that Rachel Wischnitzer, New York. admitted having been a Gestapo officer. the foundations of legal order in Germany must The verdict was pubhshed by the Hesse State be strengthened to such an extent that the hap NAZI SCHOOL-TEACHER " RETIRED " Minister for Internal Affairs and was communi penings of the past can never recur. cated to the Federal Government in Bonn. The decision to publish the verdict is .beheved to have Lothar Stielau, a secondary school-teacher m been prompted by the recent dismissal of Wolfgang MASSACRE CHARGES FOR 12 NAZIS Luebeck for a number of years, and a leading Fraenkel, West Germany's Attorney-General, who member of the neo-Nazi German Reich Party, has been prematurely retired. was found guilty of war crimes.—(J.C,) Twelve former members of the S.S. and Nazi police units face trial in Bonn on charges of The official reason was given as his " pwor state FORMER S.S. GENERAL SENTENCED murdering or assisting in the murder of some of health". Some time ago Stielau was sus 170,000 Jews during the Second World War. pended from his teaching i>ost after having The former SS, General Erich von dem Bach- The accused were involved in mass killings at described "The Diary of Anne Frank" as a Zelewski has been sentenced to hard labour for the Nazi extermination camp of Kulmhof falsification. ufe by the Nuremberg law court. He was found (Chelmno). near Poznan in occupied Poland, A law suit was filed against Stielau by Mr. responsible for the murder in 1933 of six pwlitical between 1941 and 1945, the Bonn court's Press Otto Frank. The case ended in a compromise opponents. office stated. settlement when Stielau declared in court last year Five of the accused will be tried for murder. that he had been convinced the diary was not a The remaining seven accused are charged with fake.—(J.C.) complicity in mass murder.—(J.C. ) PROPST GRUEBER HONOURED Ackermans TRIAL OF EUTHANASIA DOCTOR The Hebrew Union College in the United States has awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Human According to the Hesse State prosecutor. Dr. Letters to Dean Grueber. the German Protestant Wemer Heyde who directed Hitler's euthanasia leader who risked his Ufe to help i)ersecuted Jews Chocolates scheme, will be put on trial by a West German under the Nazi regime. court in Limburg in the autumn. The indictment De Luxe accuses him of complicity in the murder of over 100.000 persons whom the Nazis considered GRANT FOR PUBLICATIONS OF BUBER'S " mentally retarded". There has been much WORKS •N BEAUTIFULLY criticism in Germany and abroad because Heyde DESIGNED was not brought to justice earlier. The Ministers of Culture of the West German PRESENTATION Evidence from trials of other Nazis indicates Lander have jointly allocated DM. 40.000 towards BOXES that 60.000 inmates of mental hospitals and the pubUcation costs of a three-volume edition 140.000 concentration camp inmates were killed of the works by Martin Buber. The publishers under orders from Dr. Heyde and his two accom will be Koesel (Muni(di) and Lambert Schneider MARZIPAN plices. Dr. Gerhard Bohne and Dr. Hans (Heidelberg). The first volume. " Philosophical Hefelmann.—(J.C.) Treatises". will appear in the autumn, SPlOAUnES DEATH OF PROFESSOR THEODOR LITT BAUMKUCHEN INTERPOL AND NAZI WAR CRIMINALS The philosopher. Theodor Litt. died in Bonn, A resolution calling upon the Government to 81 years old. He was appointed Professor at 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST„ urge a change in the attitude of Interpol with Leipzig University in 1920. In 1934 he got into regard to co-operation in the search for. and LONDON, W.8 conflict with the Nazi authorities and, after having apprehension of, Nazi war criminals, appeared on temporarily abandoned his lecturing activities, WES. 4359 and the agenda of a recent meeting of the United voluntarily retired in 1937. .After the war, Pro Nations Association. 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, fessor Litt was first reinstituted in Leipzig, but FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.« This resolution was submitted by the British went to Bonn in 1947, where he had the Chair Section of the World Jewish Congress. As there for Philosophy and Education until 1952. His MAI 2742 was no time for discussion, the resolution was works include the standard work " Individual deferred to the next meeting of the Executive. and Community" (1919). Page 6 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962
Walter Gyssling (Zurich) piler of the documents remarks, with regard to this film, that " its only purpose was to rouse people to such an extent against the Jews that they even tolerated the destruction of the Jewish ULM PAYS TRIBUTE TO ITS JEWS citizens ". Mastery of its National Socialist past is a task fore provide them with a knowledge of the The deportation of the Ulm Jews to the exter which still remains to be grappled with by the facts and throw light on the grievous sufferings mination camps is then described in detail. One Gennan nation. A small, right-radical minority that lay behind the fate of each persecuted hundred and sixteen Ulm Jews shared this fate, is trying with tenacity and zeal to have the out person. and only four escaped death through being rages of the Nazi period glossed over or sunk in Persecution of the Jews in Ulm must be seen liberated by the Red Army. The others oblivion. In the course of a joumey through in relation to the total measures of the National succumbed. It is interesting that the documents various towns in North and South Germany we Socialists concerning the Jewish papulation. Only contain a secret command of Eichmann's, which, were able to convince ourselves that the German in that way can a correct picture of the events in 1944, ordered the deportation of Argentinian masses, especially the younger generation, piersist nationality Jews—of all people—to the conceii- be presented. The " Documentation " is intended tration camp in Bergen-Belsen. Due attention is in an uncomprehending, ignorant indifference, and also to make clear the necessity to oppvose any also paid to the fate of emigrants, with well- that only a fearless minority is striving vigorously remnants of antisemitism and—even more so—• chosen examples of their misery and distress. In to bring about the necessary enlightenment and any new forms thereof. We are admonished to short, this collection of documents is an excellent purging of opinion. do this by millions of the dead, among whom work. Happily, the administrative authorities of the are 112 citizens of Ulm. It is only by the most town of Ulm on the Danube belong to this pirofound love of truth and the sharpest oppjosi- minority and have produced a work on the fate tion to antisemitism that we can hop>e to master of the Jews of Ulm during the years of the the pasL" NEW LIGHT ON GERMAN HISTORY National-Socialist rdgime. Under the official title We have reproduced these two quotations " Documents relative to p)ersecution of the Jewish because they throw a clearer light on the attitude Festschrift for G. P. Gooch citizens of Ulm/Danube,^' this impwsing volume that inspired the work than would any explanation. of over 400 pages, which the town commissioned Moreover, this documentary collection proves to Dr. Gooch has long been known as the doyen Heinz Keil. one of its officers, to compile, is to be not only a source of historical material, com be presented in future to all school-leavers from of British diplomatic historians, and this volume* piled with meticulous care, but is so constructed is a worthy and handsome tribute. A most dis the municipal schools in Ulm ; this must probably that it mirrors the distress of the German Jews on be regarded as one of the most interesting and tinguished list of contributors has been assembled the background of events in a South German town —names would be superfluous. It must suffice valuable contributions made today in the German of medium size (in 1933 Ulm had about 60,000 Federal Republic towards the mastery of the to note that they include some dozen eminent inhabitants) more movingly than any film, drama historians working in the modern field. pjast. The Lord Mayor of Ulm, Dr. h.c. Pfizer, or novel. has written a short introduction to this remark Modern German history receives its full share able work, which is itself sufficient evidence of Sufferings Recorded of attention, as Gooch's own interests would in the sincere approach that gave rise to the work. any case demand. Here the principal contributors It contains these words: After dealing in a short introduction with the are William Langer (Bismarck as a Dramatist), " The history of every nation has its bright origin of the Jewish community in Ulm in the late W. N. Medlicott (Bismarck and Beaconsfield), side and its shadows. Perhaps the deejKst Middle Ages and their changing fortunes down the Erich Eyck (Holstein as Bismarck's Critic), shadows are to be found in that chapter of centuries, the author first shows how closely the Gerhard Ritter (The Political Attitude of the German history which recounts the persecution Jews of Ulm identified themselves with their town German Army 1900-40) and Hans Rothfels (The of the Jews in the years 1933 to 1945, What and how impwrtant their contribution was to its German Resistance in its International Aspects). was done then by a criminal rdgime cannot be economic and cultural Ufe. Taking the National Professor Langer's contribution does not, as the compensated. More and more opinions are Socialist assumption of p)ower as a key-date, he title might lead one to suppose, deal with a newly voiced that one should not stir up the past, sets down in chronological order the history of discovered drama by Bismarck, but with the that one should tum one's back on the injustice their sufferings. The " Reich" and " Lander " statesman's dramatic gift as a raconteur and in and horror. But the voice that warns against laws which discriminated against the Jews, particular with the creation of the legend of the forgetfulness of this heavy guilt no less than inflammatory articles in the National SociaUst and " Emser Depesche ". Langer shows that Bismarck, of the misery, tears and blood of the victims, co-ordinated Press, local authority notices, pwlice unwittingly perhaps, fell victim to his own gift should not go unheard. repwrts, witnesses' statements, denunciatory letters, for dramatisation and that the famous scene at " By this carefully produced documentation all provide sources for the narrative, supplemented dinner on July 13th 1870—with Bismarck, Roon concerning its own boundaries, Ulm desires to by an appendix containing a number of documents and Moltke in the depths of despair, only to be contribute to the illumination of the past, to and statistics. The bratal acts of the S.A. and revived by Bismarck's " editing" of the famous confess the wrong it has committed and to S.S., and of certain police officials and private telegram—is largely an imaginary product. In warn future generations, so that such events individuals, are recorded in the same plain, fact, Bismarck had already made preparations to cannot happ>en again." unvarnished way as the human decency of other turn the tables on the French, and there was no officials, chiefly piolicemen. One of the latter, reason at all for the three Prussians to be in No less unequivocally does the author, Heinz detailed to arrest a PoUsh Jewish family, goes dejected spirits. Keil, summarise the findings of his " Documen about his work in such humane fashion that the tation " and explain its motives: Further light is thrown on Bismarck by the arrested woman is touched and publicly kisses his contributions of Dr. Eyck and Professor Medli " When war ended in 1945 we were faced with hands, to the accompjaniment of coarse and violent cott. The latter is largely an account of Bis a terrible reckoning. Three hundred and thirty- abuse from his comrades. marck's diplomatic transactions with Disraeli two of the 530 Jews of Ulm had been forced to It really appears that the National Socialists during the protracted near-Eastern crisis of emigrate. Those no longer able to do so were in Ulm had some difficulty in making their anti 1876-80. Both cherished a high regard for the for the most (namely 112) killed in concentration semitic drives popular with the inhabitants. At other as a desirable ally. Disraeli, according to camp>s. This shows to what lengths a nation tan any rate their Press was obliged to complain Medlicott, " never seems to have doubted his own go that chooses a system of government which again and again of the " Judenknechte " amongst ability to dominate such a partnership". Hol disregards human and civil rights and sets up the non-Jewish population. A detailed descrip stein, the eminence grise of German diplomacy in stanclards of fear and terror. As they have not tion is given of the " Kristallnacht" and its ter the post-1890 pieriod and a determined opponent lived through those times, the attitude of some rible maltreatment of the Jews, the setting fire of much of Bismarck's policy, is naturally less young people to this subject is calm and dis to the synagogue and all the persecution measures charitable in his verdict. Dr. Eyck's essay is passionate. This " Documentation " shall thcre- directly connected therewi'th. another notable addition to Bismarckian literature. The persecution of the Jews of Ulm shows One other item in this Festschrift deserves a clearly how the Nazi pjersecution measures were mention—it is a study by Maurice Baumont, Yotir House /or:— divided into two periods : up to 1940 an ever- Professor of Contemporary History at the Sor increasing pressure to emigrate and thereafter the bonne, of the international repercussions of the CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO ban on emigration and preparation of the fearful Dreyfus Affair. This is based on the archives of UPHOLSTERY " final solution". The examples of Jewish the Quai d'Orsay. For reasons of space, Bau sufferings interspersed throughout the narrative mont leaves Germany, Austria and Italy out of SPSCIAtlTY bring to life in an uncanny way the texts of the consideration but his survey, even in their absence, National Socialist laws and ordinances. We is eloquent enough. He shows conclusively thc CONTINENTAL DOWN experience once more the yearly tightening of the moral isolation that France brought on herself noose round the necks of the German Jews until, by her conduct of the trial. Despatch after QUILTS! after their social outiawry and economic ruin, despatch is cited from French representatives their physical destmction becomes an open aim. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS abroad giving the views of the governments to The public is indoctrinated from above, i.e., by which they were accredited. They all display the the NSDAP, with hatred of the Jews until at last ESTIMATES FREE same contempt for the Dreyfusards and are full wide strata of the j)eople are possessed by it. of praise for Zola's intervention. This is not the DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Then on 18th January, 1941, Veit Harlan's least remarkable essay in an historical comucopia notorious film " Jud Suess " is shown in Ulm and that does full justice to Dr. Gooch's interests and is described by the co-ordinated Press as a work achievements. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK "which, over and above the historical events, Telephone : ARN. 6671 portrays the Jews as the race that is filled with LIONEL KOCHAN. Personal attention of Mr, W, Schachmann, greed for money and power, with the desire to ^ StmUcs In DiplonuUc Hlstonr and BfatoriotnphT >• disrupt and dominate, recognising only one means Roaoor of G. P. Gooch. Edited by A. O. Sarkissian. of gaining its ends—namely crime ". The com X-oofmans. 1961. 4Ss. net. AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 Page 7 Walter Schindler Old Acquaintances ART AND INDUSTRY ISetcs from Everytchere: Julius Gellner, of thc German B.B.C, section, has accepted an invita The Publisher of " The Ambassador " tion to become artistic director of Israel's Habimah, where he has in the jjast already been At a time when so much is being said about guiding manufacturers and showing them the responsible for productions. Born in Checho the lack of leadership and the need for more different ways of adapting themselves to modem driving force in this country, the question is often tastes at home and abroad. Based on his maga slovakia, he started his career in Munich. He asked whether enough is being done, or has been zine, he essentially chose two ways to achieve his directed O'Casey's " Red Roses for Me" at done, to create such a force. This question does aim. London's Mermaid Theatre.—By a small majority, not imply any criticism in these columns that may Wuerzburg City Council turned down the SociaUst First, by his own and growing interest in con proposal to name a street after Leonhard Frank, be regarded as unwarranted, but only underlines temporary art. Already in his early years in London, the thoughts of many British peop)le and the con Hans Juda, highly interested in modern paintings the author of " Der Mensch ist gut" and cem they feel. In particular, it occupies the and sculpture, established close contacts with a " Raeuberbande", who was born in Wuerzburg. minds of those who fully realise the urgency of number of artists whose names have by now The proposal was rejected because Frank, who new thinking and of new ideas in the light of become household words. They include Graham returned to Germany from the States and who things to come—be it European unity, a wider Sutherland, John Piper and Henry Moore. He died last August at the age of 79, accepted an Common Market, or whatever form efforts collected their works in the 'thirties when they East German State Prize and was awarded a towards closer ties in this world are taking. were by no means established, and he has smce doctorate by the Humboldt University in East Much of the inspiration needed in this new era continued to take an active hand in promoting BerUn.—Marlene Dietrich, who was the commen has come, and is still coming, from refugees from young artists. It was he who drew these artists tator for " The Black Fox", a documentary on Germany and Austria, Their contribution to the into the application of their work to textile the rise and fall of Hitler, has had her book, establishment of new industries in this country designs, and a few years ago he staged an exhibi " Marlene's A,B,C.", published by Etoubleday, is by now a well-known fact. And of almost tion, " Painting into Textiles •", commissioning New York, The book is an amusing collection of greater importance has been the impressive num these artists and many others to create designs short notes on p>eople she has known. as an inspiration for textile producers. In 1950 ber of scientists and technologists, particularly Milestones: Dr. H. N. Feld has just celebrated those whose knowledge and skill have brought Juda edited and published the first book on them into the sphere of research and its applica Graham Sutherland, and he has probably the his 60th birthday. He began his career as a film largest collection of Sutherland's pamtings. critic for BerUn's Filmkurier and edited World tion to the steadily growing demands of modern Film News for John Grierson and the G.P.O. in industry. But Juda's activities in the field of art proper London before the war. Though now a successful There is one man, however—neither himself have not rested there. His company reached out business man, he is still interested in the arts. an industrialist nor a scientist—whose part in to the publication of magazines of contemporary He is also the Chairman of the Society of Friends shaping modem industry in Britain can really be art and music, and is closely connected with the of the Leo Baeck Institute in London.—Play described as unique. He is Hans P. Juda, once Glyndebourne Festival Opera whose programmes wright Guenther Weisenborn, who was imprisoned a young financial journalist in Germany and now it helps to produce. All this has received due for illegal activities under the Nazi regime, and one of the leading spirits behind the application recognition and today Juda (who was made author Gerhart Pohl, a friend of the late Gerhan of art to industry. Indeed, so much more is an O.B.E. in 1955) is an Honorary Fellow of the Hauptmann, have also reached the age of 60.— behind his work as editor and publisher of the Royal College of Art, of the Society of Indus leading British export magazine, "The Ambas Benno Reifenberg, who wrote for the Frankfurter trial Artists, and a member of the Bursary Board Zeitung and who edited Die Gegenwart, Paul sador," that a short account of how all this of the Royal Society of Arts. He has assumed developed may ampjiify the " profile " of the man. Westermaier, the comedian, and Harry Piel, the these positions with a great sense of responsi film star, are all 70 years of age, Bom in Trier in 1904, Hans Juda studied bility as well as of purpose. Much of his time economics and law. He took a degree at Frank is devoted to them, and his urge to inspire and Germany: Trude Kolmann has produced furt University and, from 1926 to 1933, he was promote is also reflected in his acceptance of the Hermann Bahr's " Konzert '•' at Munich's State a financial editor on the " Berliner Tageblatt". post of Vice-Chairman of the Governors of the Theatre.—David Turner's " Mein Bruder Alf " was After coming to London, he helped found a London County Council Central School of Arts directed by Edward Rothe on Beriin's TV.— fashion magazine published in Holland, and was and Crafts. Rochus Gliese designed the ddcor for " Raub der its London editor until 1938. Juda's wife, Elsbeth, has been constantly at his Sabinerinnen", featuring Hans-Hermann Schau- It was then that he conceived the idea that a side. The possessor of outstanding qualifications fuss, in Stuttgart,—The late Julius Meier-Graefe's British export magazine could and should more in her own right, she is the inspiring Associate comedy, " Heinrich der Begluecker '•', has been than fulfil a purely informative task. He realised Editor of " The Ambassador" and, under the produced in Darmstadt,—Kortner will direct " Was that there was something important to be done name of Jay, she is well-known as one of Britain's ihr wollt" with Curt Bois in Berlin,—Walter Rilla to boost British textile exports and to advise outstanding photographers. In her work for the is to appear in the title role of a remake of British industry how to capture the demands and link between art and industry, she is now on the Fritz Lang's " Dr, Mabuse".—Erich Kaestner, tastes of the world market. He founded his own Board of the Council of Industrial Design. who is slowly recovering from his recent illness, magazine, "The Ambassador", which by its Incidentally, Elsbeth Juda comes from a formerly is scripting " Liebe will gelernt sein", based on artistic make-up alone has become internationally very active family in Jewish life in Germany. his own play, for Kurt Hoffmann,—Hein Heckroth known as one of the most attractive and interest Her father, Julius Goldstein, was Professor of designed the d^cor for the TV version of " Dorian ing of pubUcations. Its name conveys its pur Philosophy at Darmstadt, and founder and editor pose, and in Juda's own words it has been created Gray" featuring Sebastian Fischer,—Curd of the famous Jewish monthly in Germany, " Der Juergens is to take the part of Mackie Messer in to serve British industry " in a world increasingly Morgen ". critical and increasingly alive to inventive quality a remake of " Dreigroschenoper •", with Pascale and variety. . . . All of us are conscious of the Together, Hans and Elsbeth Juda have com Petit as Polly and Melina Mercouri as Jenny, and need to provide new sources of inspiration which bined their knowledge and experience of art and including Martin Held, G. Froebe and Bertha Will refresh our ability to produce and sell". industry to boost British export. And again they Drews. The years of war against Hitler impeded full found a unique way—the second in the achieve development of the theme. But once the war ment of their aim. For some years now they Obituary: Erna Morena, the once-famous ended, Juda gave his own inventive spirit full have been initiating special British Weeks and German film star, died in Munich aged 77,— play, and with his persuasive personality and Fortnights overseas. In close co-operation with Gisela (Gisi) Kisch, Egon Erwin's widow, has Warm charm, he developed manifold gifts. leading overseas stores and British manufacturers, died in Prague.—Joseph Hegenbarth died in this has required long and arduous preparation. It Dresden aged 78; he was a contributor to To bring out the best in textile and fashion was Hans Juda who, in 1949. succeeded in utilising resigns and to apply them to the fullest extent " Jugend " and " Querschnitt ". and was an illus the Royal Ballet, then still the Sadler's Wells trator for " Muenchhausen" and " Gullivers to new—natural or man-made—fibres and Ballet, to publicise British textiles abroad. It was materials, he has not confined himself to propa- Reisen ",—Heinz Wendriner died in New York a unique venture when over 70 members of the aged 67; he was connected with Berlin's gatmg manufacturers' own designs and patterns, ballet in their tour of the United States and but has taken a strong and effective hand in Schmiede-Verlag and in the States collaborated Canada, combined their artistry with showing the with Piscator.—Franz Konwitschny, Czech-born achievements of the British textile industry, in a carefully selected and wide choice of their off conductor of Leipzig's Gewandhaus Orchestra, Gorta Radiovision stage wardrobes. The sales that resulted from has died in Belgrade at the age of 61,—Ottomar this venture have encouraged its frequent and Starke, the painter and writer, died in Baden- Service equally successful repetition. Baden aged 76 (Member R.T.R,A.) To round up this profile, a recent visit to Israel Festivals : The Bayreuth Festival opened with by Hans and Elsbeth Juda must be mentioned. " Lohengrin " and " Tannhaeuser " conducted by 13, Frognal Parade, This visit resulted in a special feature in the July W, Sawallisch.—G. R. Sellner produced " Figaro " issue of " The Ambassador", describing—to at Salzburg and Lindtberg directed Nestroy's FmcUey Road, N.W.3 quote its own headlines—how " the promised " Lumpazivagabundus " wilh Attila Hoerbiger, "W. SALES REPAIRS land has become a land of promise". The Trenk-Trebitsch, Ljuba Welitsch and H, Unter- feature, including some exceptionally beautiful kirchner,—Robert Stolz's operetta, "Trauminsel," AU Leading Makes Supplied and impressive photographs by Elsbeth Juda, produced by Adolf Rott, decor by W, HoessUn, Refrigerators, Washing-Machlnes Stocked describes a visit the object of which was to see with Hilde Konetzni singing, was enthusiastically Mr. Gorl \i-ill always be pleased to " how pioneering courage and technical skill are received by an audience of 6,000 at Lake advice you. creating a new nation, and to find how belief and Constance, affirmation are transforming the desert into a new (HAM. 8635) civilisation ". PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962
Rabbi Dr. M. Eschelbacher In the preface to his Genesis Jacob deals with antisemitism in modern Biblical studies with great clarity and fearless energy. This preface is dated December 30th, 1933 ! It needed BENNO JACOB (1862-1945) uncommon courage to speak like this about hostility towards the Jews at the end of the first year of the Hitler terror. The date in itself Centenary of his birth makes the whole work an imposing document, In 1934 Benno Jacob produced his greatest far as the Church is concemed our Bible is the not only of Jacob the intepreter and scholar work, his bibUcal commentary " Das Erste Buch Old Testament, merely a prelude to the New but also of Jacob the man and protagonist. der Torah Genesis". From then onwards, and Testament by which, according to their doctrine, He saw his life and work in the Ught of the particularly after his death, he has been increas it is fulfilled and thus rendered less important. Eternal, but expressed it in his own way without ingly recognised as a great Jewish interpreter of But he delects and unmasks the same tendency mentioning His name. In his address at the the Torah of our times, and his quiet influence has towards deprecating the Torah in the Old Testa funeral of his father-in-law. Dr. Jacob Stein, been growing steadily. The centenary of his birth ment critical exegesis of more recent times. Its the Director of the Jewish Seminary for Teachers falls on September 9th. an appropriate moment characteristic method is " Quellenscheidung". in Cassel. he elevated the story of the life then 10 think of him and tender our grateful the splitting of the Torah into a number of completed into another sphere by quoting a verse appreciation. sources, thus forming a picture of a bundle of from the Torah to which he gave an admirable Jacob, the son of a teacher, was born in Breslau independent fragments finally assembled by an new interpretation: " And Jacob went on his where he received his rabbinical training at the editor. Jacob has no doubt that this is a false way. and the angels of God met him" (Gen. Jewish Theological Seminary and also attended approach, prompted by the desire to deprive the xxxu, 2). Not only his father-in-law, he too the university. It would be an enlivening task to Torah of its authority. Throughout his book— was called Jacob. Thus, at that solemn hour, give a detailed account of his rabbinical work in the last 100 pages are entirely devoted to this he confessed the source of the strength he had been Gottingen and Dortmund where he served for problem—he attempis to demonstrate his thesis given to carry out his magnificent creative work. more than forty years, for his activities were in by detailed investigation. He knew that he himself had been guided on his many ways distinctive and unusual, but others His verdict on modern Old Testament criticism way by the angels of the Almighty. have held similar posts and it must suffice here if is certainly strongly out-spoken, but he is firmly we but record the fact. A VIGOROUS FIGHTER Our particular intent is to describe his labours as an interpreter of the Scriptures, and of the Dr. Eschelbacher has appreciated Dr, Benno Torah in particular, an activity which singled Jacob's importance as a rabbi and scholar, 1 him out from others. His work in this field should like to add a few remarks on Dr. Jacob's started very early and by 1905 he had already political activities and the impression he made produced a number of articles and essays when his on me when—as a young student—I met him voluminous book " Der Pentateuch. Exegetisch- in my father's house. kritische Forschungen " was published. It received Dr. Jacob and my father belonged to a circle scant notice. As he remarked in the preface to .if students who, in 1886. founded the his Genesis: " Unfortunately the critics were • Viadrina". the first Jewish Students' Associa almost unanimous in their silence," Disappioinled tion in Germany, at the University of Breslau. and discouraged, he might perhaps have pursued The Association issued an " Appeal to our his studies in silence and isolation, had he not Co-religionists" (" Ein Wort an unsere Glau- received a singular form of recognition which oensgenossen ") which shows that they were well imbued him with fresh courage and confidence, aware of the sweeping character of the new Franz Rosenzweig became aware of his activities foundation : when translating the Bible and urged him unceasingly to carry on with his research work " , , . Only an Association of Jewish Students and to pubUsh his conclusions. " But for Rosenz which confronts its enemies with open visor weig's encouragement and confidence in my will be in a position to educate men who are abilities, I should not have even started." con prepared to defend Judaism and its rights." fesses Jacob in the preface to his Genesis, This Benno Jacob and his friends foresaw the dangers gave him strength and endurance for his edifying of the future. They wrote (in 1886 !) : undertaking. He had little time, for " an exacting profession with many duties left me little leisure " Due to the continuous relationship between to devote to it ", His achievement, a mammoth youth and its teachers racial hatred will volume ofi 1,055 pages, js all the more worthy become traditional, and will pass on from of admiration. generation to generation with increased vehemence. So, at a not too distant time, a convinced that the search for the tmth need not degree of tension will be reached which could Ideas of Torah Revealed suffer from the adoption of his attitude. The explode sometime on our heads with principles applied by David Hoffmann, the great elementary force." He had, as it were, a vocation for his task. Orthodox commentator, might also be applied to His heart beat in rhythm with the Torah and him: " In attempting to demonstrate my The young students resolved to study Judaism, he had absorbed a great deal from the interpreters ' dogmatic pre-suppositions', I have always taken especially Jewish history, and to defend their of many religions throughout the centuries. In care to use such arguments as would. I suppose, rights as citizens of the country and their honour the context of this centenary article it is impossible be equally recognised as true from a different according to the custom of that period, even by to go into detail, but some idea can be given standpvoinl." When still in Gollingen Jacob challenging antisemites who insulted them iv; a of his underlying motives as well as of some was close to Julius Wellhausen, the most eminent duel. Benno Jacob became the first rabbinical of his principles and ideas. He was a man of authority on modern Pentateuchal criticism, and student who fought a duel with sabres and beat dynamic character and his pwrsonality pervaded he was proud of the fact that Wellhausen called his adversary. all his most matter-of-fact discussions. He had some of his ideas " ingenious ". After the foundation of the " Central-Verein undertaken the task " of determining the original In a lecture on the Judische Wissenschaft of deutscher Staatsbuerger juedischen Glaubens" sense of the Torah so as to reveal its true ideas the period delivered to the Board of the Benno Jacob was elected a member of the Board and aims ". He was less interested in what later Allgemeine Deutsche Rabbinerverband in 1907. of that organisation and wrote quite a number generations, including our own, have read into Jacob spoke like a prophet, overwhelmed by his of persuasive discourses and articles defending it and how the Torah is reflected and imaged faith in the redeeming power of Jewish scholar the Jewish religion and the rights of the Jews as in the feelings and thoughts of recent times. For ship : " Das Ghetto des Judentums wird nicht citizens to protection against slander and him the Torah is essentially itself and of itself. degradation. Of course it is difficult to liberate oneself from eher ganzlich fallen, als bis das Ghetto seiner the spirit and atmosphere of one's own environ Wissenschaft falh." •When I met Dr. Benno Jacob I was not only ment and attempt to transfer oneself over three In his strictly Jewish interpretation of the Torah impressed by his fame as a scholar but by his thousand years to the ancient world in which the and of the Old Testament in general, and in his whole forceful and awe-inspiring personality, Torah originated. For this Jacob needed assis repudiation of basic sectors of modern Biblical I listened enraptured when he discussed with my tance and he was satisfied that he had discovered research, he sees the break-through that may father his arguments in public meetings, at the his prime aid in our Jewish tradition. In search eventually lead to a new alliance of Jewish time of elections to the German Reichstag, with ing out the original meaning of the Torah. he knowledge with European-Christian Wissenschaft. the notorious antisemite Liebermann von Sonnen follows our own authorities in the first place. " Judaism can form a common front with a berg. The latter often misquoted the Talmud and He pays a remarkable tribute to them, to Rashi. Christianity that does not disavow its origins, but Dr. Jacob placed him in utter embarrassment Rashbam, Ibn Ezra and the rest. For centuries, also honours the Old Testament. And for such when he ordered a porter to take some volumes he says, up to the dawn of modern times, they an alliance and assistance we shall always be of the Talmud to the rostrum of a public meeting, alone studied the Torah in its original Hebrew, truly grateful." and demanded that Liebermann von Sonnenberg Thus, from the very beginning they were nearer His commentary has spread new light on the should read out his alleged quotations. After to its true sense than their contemporary non- Torah and in this way has encouraged Jewish the meeting Dr. Jacob found out that the porter Jewish scholars, who only knew it from the self-assurance and confirmed our confidence in had mistaken some irrelevant volumes for volumes Septuagint, the Vulgata and later translations. our tradition. Jacob has won renown in the of the Talmud. Jewish world and outside iL Anglo-Jewry, in Dr. Jacob combined the wisdom of a scholar Jacob takes a judicial view of the attitude of particular, is familiar with his work. The late with the energy and vigour of a politician and the non-Jewish world to the Hebrew Bible. He Chief Rabbi, Dr. Hertz, frequently refers to him fighter. He and his friends opened a new chapter claims that they, and in particular the Church, as a leading authority in his commentary on the of Jewish history on the Continent in 1886. have a tendency to denigrate and debase it. As Pentateoch. F. GOLDSCHMIDT. AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 Page 9
/ MARGARET GEIRINGER IN MEMORIAM Mrs. Margaret Geiringer, whose death at thc early age of 51 was announced recently, took a ' ANITTA MULLER-COHEN In 1936 Anitta Miiller-Cohen left Austria, to leading part in the relief work for refugees from settle finally with her family in Israel. Shortly Czechoslovakia. After the Munich Pact in 1938 Anitta Muller-Cohen. whose death was repiorted after her arrival there, she was asked by her old her father, the lale Lord Laylon. initiated the in our previous issue, was one of the most friend Ussishkin what she would do—no poor creation of the " British Committee for Refugees remarkable of women. Brought up in the com children, no hungry people to look after ? She from Czechoslovakia and entrusted his daughter to fort of a well-to-do home she seemed predestined replied that she would be delighted if at last to lead the peaceful life of a well-educated she could devote her life to her family, read take charge of the work. Thousands of political Jewish girl. interesting books, attend concerts and just lead anti-Nazis and Jews who were endangered owe However, a different course was determined, a " normal life ". However, she was not destined their Uves to the efforts of this Committee. when in 1914 100.000 Jewish refugees, who to enjoy a quiet, peaceful existence. A few The refugees were classified according to their during the First World War had fled from the months after she arrived in Israel disturbances countries of origin (quite a few had taken refuge Russians, arrived in Vienna. It fell to Viennese broke out, then war came, and all this involved in Czechoslovakia after the Nazis had come lo Jewry to help these homeless, unfortunate people. her in just as much work and responsibility as This was the time when the name of Anitta she had had to face before. power in Germany and. later on, in Austria) and their jwlitical leanings ; there was also a special Miiller-Cohen became a household word in She founded the Women's Social Service, a Vienna to Jews and non-Jews alike. Hardly non-political organisation, where newcomers group of non-pwlitical Jewish refugees and of 25-years-old. with bright blue eyes, a fascinating could find help, advice and assistance. By intellectuals (" "Thomas Mann Group "). smile and a brilUant brain, she inspired men and opening a restaurant for the middle-class people When war broke out the reUef work of the women, the young and the old. The young ones who poured into the country, she was able to refugee organisations was Unked up with the State rallied around her to give practical help : the provide an environment similar lo their previous welfare authorities, and the Committee was trans older ones were persuaded to open their hearts way of life. She also organised welfare for the formed into the Czech Refugee Trust Fund, which and purses. It did not take her long to establish sick. nurseries, homes for expectant and young mothers, is still active today. Probably it is the only relief However, her greatest work in Israel was the organisation for refugees in which, from the outset, and for the old and sick, workshops, clothing founding of settlements for children whose depots and canteens. Realising that Austrian parents had perished in extermination camps and the refugees themselves have had the right to Jewry alone could not possibly cope with the who were brought into the country from every take part in the decisions. tremendous problem, she soon succeeded in comer of Europe, many of them ill in mind and The memory of Margaret Layton-Geiringer will enlisting the help of the Jewish communities in body, their horrible experiences etched on their Holland, Germany, Switzerland, England, and. be gratefully kept alive by all those for whose young faces. Later this influx of children was benefit she worked. W.St. above all. America. followed by children from North Africa. The As soon as the war was over Anitla Muller- best known of these villages is Beer Jaacov, Cohen managed to send thousands of under founded in 1951 on a barren piece of land. At MAGDA COHN nourished Jewish children from Austria for first, all water had to be bought and brought recuperation lo more prosperous countries. At from a nearby settlement. It was obvious that the early age of 29 she was elected to the Vienna if the village was to accommodate many more Miss Magda Cohn died in Jerusalem at the age City Council, as the first Jewish Representative. children, water had to be found, at least to grow of 60. She was a niece of the Socialist Parliamen She had hardly disposed of the problem of the the minimum amount of fmit and vegetables and tarian. Oscar Cohn. who had a great influence Jewish refugees from Galicia and the Bukovina. to rear poultry. Water was located and. through on her. Magda Cohn left Berlin for Palestine when the pogroms in the Ukraine made orphans the efforts of a British committee, a domestic in 1934, There she was head of Hechalutz of thousands of Jewish children. In her deter supply was brought up through a water tower. Homes, where young female arrivals were trained mined and courageous manner, Anitta immediately Now Beer Jaacov accommodates 140 happy for their vocations. Through her efforts these Went 10 the Ukraine to collect these unfortunate children, whose lives have been enriched and given a new purpose. Homes became cultural centres, especially for victims of antisemitism; she brought them to immigrants from Germany, For health reasons Vienna and started a big drive, chiefly in For all this, world Jewry owes a deep debt of America, to get them adopted by Jewish families. she had to resign in 1955 as the Head of the gratitude to Anitta Muller-Cohen, Her inspiration, Central Administration of the Homes, and In 1935 she visited the United States. She became her great work and the tremendous influence of one of the founders of the World Jewish Congress her unique personality will live on. restricted her activities to the work for the Beih- and of the World Union of Jewish Women. DR. VALLY WILLS. Hechalulz in Jerusalem
With the Compliments of ALRECO METAL CORPORATION Ltd. Metals, Chemicals, Ores and Residues J. C. Gilbert Ltd THE LUTON COLUMBIA HOUSE KNITTING ALDWYCH COMPANY LONDON WC2 LTD. Adelphi Terrace House, London, W.C.2 Manufacturers of Jersey Cloth and Knitted Headwear Fulton Road, Wembley Park, Wholesale only Middlesex. 664-668 DUNSTABLE ROAD, New York Brussels LUTON, BEDFORDSHIRE Tel.: Luton 52516/7 Page 10 AJR rNFORMATION September, 1962 operas in Prague and Dresden, although he H. W. Freyhan became very critical of Meyerbeer's tum towards " Rossinism ": " Mir blutet das Herz zu sehen, A JEWISH COMPOSER CONFESSES wie ein deutscher Kuenstler, mit eigner Schoep- fungskraft begabt, um des leidigen Beifalls der Menge willen, zum Nachahmer sich herabwuer- Meyerbeer's Diaries and Correspondence digt. Ist es denn gar so schwer, den Beifall des Augenblicks—ich sage nicht zu verachten, aber The fame of compwsers—and also the fate of was a descendant of Jost Liebmann, a " Hofjude " doch nicht als Hoecbstes anzusehen ?" In 1824 their music—is subject to heavy fluctuations even of the Great Elector; her father, Liebmann Meyer Weber wrote : " Meyerbeer verstrickt sich leidcr centuries after their Ufetime. Early recognition Wulff, a wealthy banker, was a prominent member Goltes immer mehr in den elenden Schlendrian. is often followed by a p)eriod of neglect until, in of the BerUn Congregation; he was also in charge Welch herrliche Bluete ging da unler I—^Was many cases, their music is rediscovered and of the "Preussische Klassenlotterie". After him hofften wir alles von ihm !—O verfluchte Lust appreciated anew. Thus, radical changes in out the composer, whose family name was Beer, was zu gefaUen I" It must be remembered, though, look account for. the revival even of medieval called " Jacob Ltebmann Meyer" (here again, that Weber did not Uve to see the mature works music in our own time. Under such circumstances Grove's information is incorrect); in the early of Meyerbeer's Paris p>eriod. Long after Weber's any prediction is out of the question, and the letters he is always addressed as " Meier ". Later death Meyerbeer, as Musical Director of the chance of some future renaissance can hardly be lie italianiscd his first "Vomame" into Berlin Opera, honoured his old friend by produc excluded for any composer who had acquired " Giacomo", combining the last with his family ing " Euryanlhe." some standing during his lifetime. At a time when name into " Meyerbeer " the works of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti once again Most unfortunate was Meyerbeer's brief encoun ter with Beethoven, in whose " Battle Symphony " fiU the opera houses we cannot rule out a revival Parental Background of Meyerbeer's operas, which dominated thc he joined the jiercussion. The Master was not international stage during most of the itineleenth The father was a sugar merchant (not, as Grove satisfied, and voiced his opinion in his usual century. But whether this happ)ens or not, this and Dubnow state, a banker), who had built up unrestrained manner. Meyerbeer rushed home, prominent Jewish composer, who reached such a flourishing business, which suffered temporarily deeply hurt, and in his agitated state caught a fwaks of popularity during his life, must continue from Napoleon's " Kontinenlalsperre ". Giacomo severe illness. In any case, this ill-starred excur to be of interest not only to the musicologist but had inherited some commercial talent : we find sion into the " kitchen department" of thc also to the student of Jewish history, and this him occasionaUy offering his father reaUstic advice orchestra was rather accidental; his instrument all the more since, alone among Jewish-bom in business matters. Both parents, especially the was the piano, on which he proved himself a musicians of similar rank during that period, he mother, were passionately fond of the theatre, brilliant executant. remained a member of the conomunity. where they spent most of their evenings ; their A Trip to London Although two of Meyerbeer's daughters sur hospitality was enjoyed by the leading actors and vived till well after the 1914-18 war, biographical singers of the time. Giacomo shared this interest The diaries include Meyerbeer's impressions research was hindered by the fact that a large to the fullest extent : reports on stage events form from a trip to London. On arrival he found the number of relevant documents had been withheld the most prominent item in the correspondence. Customs officials helpful, but complained about from publication until now. This was i)artly due Of his three brothers, one, Michael, became a being held up in the Aliens' Office. He attended to certain clauses in the compioser's wiU, which playwright, who counted Immermann, Platen, many operas and plays and expressed his admira were intended to protect especially his musical Grillparzer, and Heine among his friends. After tion for an op>era by Arne. sketches and imcompleted works from misuse. this brother's untimely death Giacomo paid him In 1816 Meyerbeer began an eight years' stay The prohibition also covered his diaries. Even tribute by writing the incidental music for his in Italy, " als einer der lelzten grossen deuischen tually all these documents found their way into play " Struensee." Komponisten " (Becker). He adapted his style to the Berlin State Library. But the ban on their In 1810 Giacomo left Berlin, where he had the current Italian fashion and competed suc p>erusal was extended till 1935, when, needless already gained early successes as a pianist and cessfuUy wilh the native composers. But his ulti to say, conditions precluded any change in the composer, to study wilh Ab6 Vogler in Darmstadt. mate ambition was even then to write for Paris ; IKisition. Although the documents escap>ed He was accompanied by one ot his brothers and wilh this in mind he engaged in thorough studies destruction by the Nazis they were evacuated to by his Jewish tutor, Professsor Wolffsohn. At of French Uterature and aesthetics. Silesia in 1944 and have not been found since. this point the correspondence begins. Al first Fortunately, Wilhelm Allmann, Director of the As may be expected, the documents yield a rich the letters are frequent from both sides : they harvest of information about the situation of the Library's Music Section, had made a copy of the reflect the strong family lies. Gradually, however, diaries. Meyerbeer's correspondence had remained we find complaints about Giacomo's failure to Continued on potge 11, column 1 intact in the possession of his family. reply even on urgent matters. New friends and With all obstacles finaUy out of the way, the impressions absorbed his interest, and he grew Berlin " Akademie der Kuenste " and the BerUn more and more independent of paternal influence, " Institut fuer Musikforschung" commissioned differing from FeUx Mendelssohn in this respect, Heinz Becker to edit this material. The first and also in his often critical altitude towards his KELLERGEIST volume, which covers the period 1810-24, is parents, which caused them much grief. Later, a now available* It contains mainly correspon meeting with his parents, which ended a long ADVISES A.J.R. READERS dence, including letters to Meyerbeer (and some period of separation, helped to restore the old about him), but also some diary entries. This cordiality. material alone fills 525 pages ; it is supplemented During his two years in Darmstadt, Meyerbeer by the editor's excellent introduction, a most use formed the closest friendship with his fellow- ful commentary, a list of all stage works men students, who included Carl Maria von Weber. tioned in the text, and a bibliography. If the They co-operated in every way: thus, Weber wrote bibUography includes one or two Nazi pubUca the text of a birthday cantata for Vogler, which tions and a number of Jewish books are thus Meyerbeer composed. Less harmless was a scheme Usted together with one " hrsg, von Julius of literary coUaboration, which Weber seems to Streicher" this is due to—-perhaps excessive— have initiated: the friends formed a " Harmoni- scholarly zieal : the editor's own impeccable scher Verein " with the purpose of providing the approach is evident from his statement : " Sym- Press with favourable reports on each other's works pathien und Antipalhien in die hislorische For and performances (under pen-names, of course !), schung hineinlragen heisst das Geschichtsbild Meyerbeer's later "management" of the Press verfaelschen." His introduction, which relates may well have its roots in this early venture to Meyerbeer's Ufe from his birth, in 1791, till the which he was persuaded by Weber, beginning of the correspondence in 1810, reveals The friends addressed each other as " Bruder ", profound understanding of the man and artist. and their good relations continued, on the whole, The editing itself has been carried out in the in later years, although Meyerbeer's laziness as a most scholarly manner. letter-writer often taxed his friends' goodwill The loss of many letters has made the corre severely. Weber was welcomed by Meyerbeer's spondence fragmentary—this must be borne in parents in Berlin, where AmaUa was impressed Choose Hallgorten— mind in any attempt to draw conclusions from by his loyally to her son. This did not prevent the extant material. Even so, the reader is richly her from passing adverse comments on Weber's rewarded : the various pjersonaUties seem to spring later masterpieces, "Freischuetz" and "Eury- Choose Fine Wines to life, and so does the background. As an his anthe"—hardly to her credit from any point of torical source, this pubUcation can hardly be over view, Weber, on his part, continued to do his rated. best for Meyerbeer; he conducted some of his Ask for thorn by naim! Becker's introduction provides ample informa tion about Meyerbeer's family. The ancestors of If you have any difficulty in finding both parents can be traced back to the seventeenth HALLGARTEN wines, wrile to us century ; they were among the earliest " Schutz for assistance juden " in the Brandenburg Electorate. The father's great-grandfather was one of the founders Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliolheken, of the Berlin Congregation, although the family S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN later moved to Frankfurt/Oder (not F./Main, as Autographen und moderne Graphik wrongly stated in Grove). The mother, Amalia, DireklOf: Dr. Joseph Suschitzky 1, Crutchad Friars, London, E.C.3 38a BOUNDARY RD,, LONDON. N.W.8 • Heinz Becker : Giacomo Meyerbeer, Brierwecluel and Tagebuecbcr. Band I. Walter de Gruytcr. Berlin. D.M. 68. T«l«phnn., MAI. 3030^== AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 Page 11
entry reveals his general reUgious feeUng. His A Jewish Composer Confesses other references to Jewish matters are all con cerned with antisemitism. An obscure remark in {Continued from page 10) the diary, which Becker leaves uncommented, German Jews during this early emancipation aU the obstacles with which, Uke most artists, reads : " Mitlags speiste ich am Table d'hote. p)eriod. The Beers were a well-to-do family ; this Giacomo and his brother Michael met in their Gracien verwundeten mich dort bis ins Innerste and their participation in charitable activities, as career, could justly be ascribed to antisemitism, meiner Seele und knicklen meinen Mut und Froh- well as their social intercourse with famous artists, although this is occasionally confirmed. sinn fuer den ganzen Tag. Wann werde ich doch secured them a respectable place in Berlin society ; It is interesting to note from Becker's comments endlich lernen, mich in das Laengsterkannle und their connections extended into Court circles. that relations between the Beer family and the Unvermeidliche ruhig zu schicken ?" This might Unlike many families of similar standing they Vamhagens were more than cool; Becker sees the p>ossibly refer to an antisemitic experience. remained loyal to Judaism, although not in ils reason in the gulf between the converts and the " Beware of Antisemitism " Orthodox form. Meyerbeer's father organised in members of the old faith. On the other hand, his house a Reform service, to which Zeller, Amalia Beer received a cordial lelter from Lea A long letter to his brother Michael includes Weber, and Giacomo himself contributed com- Mendelssohn, in which FeUx's mother speaks this advice : " Vergiss nicht, was ich bei der Wahl PKJsitions. Difficulties with the official congrega highly of Giacomo's music and asks for his over- des Meinigen [Berufs] vergass, das eisemc Wort tion ensued, however, and Friedrich Wilhelm III, lures in score, "da Fanny und Felix sehr geuebl 'Richesse' (risches)! Von Individuum zu Indi- although friendly disposed towards the family, und gewandt sind, dergleichen vierhaendig ein viduum kann dies Wort fuer eine Zeitlang in prohibited these services. The official reason was zurichten, ohne es erst aufzuschreiben". She Vergessenheil geralhen (immer auch nicht), bei disUke of " sectarianism", but Jewish scholars mentions a forthcoming jierformance of a sym einem versammelten Publikum nie, denn es bedarf have presumed as the ulterior motive the wish to phony by Felix (who was then 14)—proudly, " da nur eines, der sich daran erinnert, um der ganzen make conversion more attractive by preventing ich auch ein klein Slueckchen Musenmama bin". Masse ihr Natiierel [sic] zurueckzurufen, Waehle any modernisation of synagogue services. Amalia must have been touched by Lea's words : deshalb unter Arzl. Advokal, Philologe, Kauf Nevertheless, it was the same King, who, in " Wir Mueller kennen und haben ja keinen aech- mann, aber wende der Diplomatic, dem Theater spile of his reactionary outlook, succeeded in keep leren Genuss, als den, uns in hoehem Geistesgaben (als Beruf) den Ruecken". ing Prussia free from the antisemitic riots that geUebler Kinder stolz und froh zu fuehlen ". In this context it is essential to realise that, swept Germany in 1819. As Amalia Beer reports In 1812, on learning of his grandfather's death, on the abundant evidence of the documents, thc in a letter to Giacomo, the King, on a joumey to Meyerbeer wrote lo his mother : " So muss es image of Meyerbeer as the man of ambition and Frankfurt/O., summoned the leading police officer seine letzlen Augenblicke versuesst haben zu success needs some qualification. He was also and questioned him: " Ist hier alles ruhig und wissen, dass seine Kinder den Glauben nie ver a highly sensitive artist, given to searching self- keine Neckerei mit den Juden ? " Being assured lassen werden, an dem er so warm hing. Drum criticism and to moods of deep depression. (His that everything was in order, he added : " Das nimm auch von mir in seinem Namen das feier family nicknamed him " Schwarzseher.") It is will ich euch auch rathen, denn ich habe ihnen liche Versprechen, dass ich stets in der Religion difficult to say whether his concem with anti- das Buergerrecht ertheilt. und sie (sind) mir das leben will, in welcher er slarb, Ich glaube nicht, Jewish prejudice was the root or a mere symptom Was mir meine uebrigen Buerger sind, und so will dass wir durch irgend etwas anderes sein iheueres of this trend. But there seems little doubt that ich sie behandelt wissen, das merken Sie sich I" Andenken mehr ehren koennen". his striving after success and recognition was Nevertheless, emancipation was far from being Meyerbeer kept this promise throughout his Ufe. closely linked with his awareness of his particular complete, and the Jews had every reason to feel Besides this all-important letter the volume con position as a Jew. uneasy during the years of " Vormaerz " reaction : tains little which would throw further Ught on his Judging from this first volume, one may expvect hence the frequent references to " risches " in the attitude to Judaism, although such evidence, if a great deal from the publication of the remain correspondence. It is difficult to ascertain whether any, may be lost or of later date. One diary ing material.
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Page 12 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962
Bertha Badt-Strauss the real centre of the juvenile strugghngs of the five children who were gradually growing up. In company with her children th© mother read the latest books and arising out of them attempted THE LIFE-STORY OF A CERMAN JEWESS to discuss the problems that particularly affected young people at that time. As the children Memoirs of Dr. Rahel Straus gradually became independent, Rahel extended her activities in the women's movement, in " Wir lebten in Deutschland " that was the title this friendly landscape, so many that an index addition to her own professional occupation, and given in 1940 to her memoirs by Dr. Rahel Straus, would be a most useful thing to simpUfy the there leamt lo esteem its leading protagonists, one of the first women doctors in Germany, when reader's path through this maze of humanity. Anita Augspurg and Lydia Heymann. she had to turn her back on her homeland which .Mxive all else there is the imp(5sing presence of Eventually her fellow-Jews, who had viewed her was no longer a homeland, and was attempting to her mother, Ida Lowenfeld-Goitein, who came Zionism with considerable mistrust, started calling build up a new life for herself and her five children from the town of Posen, where they not only on Rahel Straus more and more frequently to in Israel. It was not her intention to write a spoke the purest German but where the local speak or lead their discussions. Through this literary masterpiece, but merely to tell her Jews were truly enthusiastic for German culture she came lo know and love the indefatigable children and grandchildren—as their ancestress and learning. After the early death of her husband, Bertha Pappenheim, a fanatic for the truth, Gliickel von Hameln had done before her—about Rabbi Gabor Goitein, a member of a Hungarian although she represented a diametrically opposed the roots from which they had sprung. rabbinical family, this stately lady ruled her house viewpoint on all Jewish questions. The Leo Baeck Institute rightly appreciated that hold with a sure hand in the ways of ancient In the meantime storm clouds were gathering these memoirs were priceless documentary material Jewish traditional practices, but with such a in the bright skies. War came ; and then the for the history of German Jewry and therefore breadth of vision that her four children were revolution and inflation. Furthermore, family undertook their publication*. And a great mass able lo take part in all kinds of juvenile diversions ; bereavements kept on narrowing the circle of those of readers confirmed their view ; for the first they swam in the Neckar, played games with their dear to her. Rahel's only brother Ernst failed to edition was rapidly exhausted and a new edition friends and made excursions into the endless return from the war. A young and promising has been in the press for the past few months. forests that engirdled Karlsruhe. brother of her husband look his own hfe in a What is the reason for this belated fame that The nearest to her own home that appears in moment of depression. But even worse was the even surprised the 82-year-old authoress who now these memoirs is the rigidly Orthodox household, fact that after years of unflagging work both for hves in Jerusalem ? Of course, a natural story with its many children, of the banker Samuel the public and for his own children, a fatal illness teller is speaking to her readers. But, essentially, Straus, whose eldest son Elias. a gifted lawyer, struck her husband down at the beginning of the Rahel Straus was born at a time of change which was to become Rahel's life-partner. With him she Hitler regime. was lo reveal itself in the many-hued aspects of eventually settled in Munich, at that time a That ended the drama of this woman's life. Germanism and Judaism. She passed her child friendly and alluring town with its " Englische Everything that followed was merely an after hood in the liberal environment of Karlsruhe, the Garten " and rich art treasures, which seemed to math. The brave woman had to try to keep her capital of the " Musterlandle" of Baden, mildly offer the young couple a second home. They treasured husband's fortune from the Nazi inroads governed by the much-beloved Grand Duke passed happy years in their hospitable house, for the benefit of her children. With enormous Frederick, who loved all his subjects, both Jews where Jews and Christians foregathered in colour effort she succeeded in so doing and now, 82 years and Christians, Then, after passing her " Abilur " ful array, Arnold Zweig, who settled in Munich old, she lives in Jerusalem surrounded by her at the same time as her brother Ernst, came the after the First World War. was practically a daily children and grandchildren. combative but zestful springtime of university visitor; Thomas Mann was indebted to the After her many tribulations may she be granted education for women, which flowed by peacefully erudite Elias Straus for a mass of information that a long and peaceful old age ! But we German in " Alt Heidelberg der feinen, der Stadt an Ehren he used in his Joseph novels. Jews who are dispersed all over the world have reich ". At the same time Rahel Straus became a busy been presented by Rahel Straus with a priceless A whole series of important people pass through medical practitioner, using her feminine intuition gift in these memoirs. And it almost seems to _, ' Rahel Straus : WIr leblea In DenUchland. Erinnerangcii clBcr dCDtscheo Jiidin. Deutsche VerlassanstaJt. Stuttgart. lo assist her in sharing her patients' problems. us as if the blessing of the family's ancestor, the DM. 19.80. For members of the Society of Friends of tbe But she also used all the strength bestowed upon Baal Shem of Michelstadt, whom Jews as well as Leo Baeck Institute 25s. her by an iron constitution to make her home Christians revered, was lying on this book.
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CAQLES LANKRO ECCLES MANCHESTER Page 13 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 WRITERS OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC Recent Publications REPUBLIC Towards the end of last year the " Verlag fuer Buch- und Bibliothekswesen " (Book and Library Publishers), Leipzig, brought out a 196-pp. volume SELECTED WORKS OF ERNST TOLLER nurtured by Germany, formed by Europe, my home is the earth, the world my fatherland. . . ." containing the biographies and bibliographies of He left his "fatherland", the world, at the 448 authors who live, or have lived, in East In his introduction to the paper-back edition age of 46, a rope round his neck, in a hotel room Germany. As far as may be judged from abroad, of Ernst Toller's selected works* Kurt Hiller in New York, in 1939. He had been received in the information given about the development and points out that the greatest world literature has America by many friends, Hollywood offered him intellectual achievement of these writers is expert always been essentially political—Homer's contracts but, as Kurt Hiller says in his intro and objective ; yet the favourable impression is " Iliad", the Greek tragedies, Dante's " Divina duction, a number of factors seem to have con weakened by petty details regarding the orders Comedia ", Shakespeare's plays, Faust II, Schiller, tributed to his suicide. One of them, no doubt, and distinctions conferred on the persons in Moliere, Heine, Tolstoi, Shaw. Into the same was the collapse of a world concept that proved question, mention even being made of orders of category, though of a smaller calibre, falls the to be an illusion. the 4th and 5th class. Even " honourable men literary movement after the First World War, tion " in a prize competition is cited. On the Expressionism, of which Erns.t Toller was so out Ten years earlier Martin Buber had said of Gustav Landauer: "He fought in the revolution other hand, in many cases, reference is also made standing a representative. Yet while the others to anti-fascist activity on the authors' part. preached, he acted ; he not only created characters against the revolution—for revolution's sake." This, too, is true of Ernst Toller, who had seen Of these 448 writers, no less than 80 returned in social dramas, he himself played such a role— from exile to East Germany after 1945. Among in reality Literature may have a political Landauer murdered. But while Landauer had been killed by a rabble of soldiers. Toller them figure all who have lent weight to writing in meaning, but literateurs seldom are successful the German Democratic Republic, such as Joh, R. politicians. Disraeli was a great statesman, yet a perished of his own inner conflicts. ^ HERBERT FREEDEN. Becher. Brecht, Benn, Seghers, Uhse, Friedrich writer of little account; and Goethe was far Wolf and Arnold Zweig. Quite a few others from being a great civil servant; poet and poli OUR FAITH amongst these returnees are not unknown either tician have not yet met within one man. in the West: Abusch, Bredel, Claudius, Erpenbeck, Ernst Toller, a writer of high ideas and ideals, It is true, we, the ordinary run of Jews, know Fuernberg, Heilig, Hermlin, Herzfelde, Heym, was a poor party man. It is odd that he, opposed very little about Judaism. And we show the Kuba, Kuczynski, Kurella. Langhoff, Leonhard, to war and violence, should be linked to that same ignorance of Christianity, One may say Leschnitzer, Eva Lipa, Marchwitza, Petersen, chapter in Germany's history after the First World the latter does not matter. However, we live at Scharrer, Schnog, Seydewitz. Victor. Wedding, War which is marked by savagery and civil strife a time when the Christian denominations are Weinert, Weiskopf, Zimmering and Zinner. —the red " Raterepublik " in Munich, in 1919. beginning not only to bury their old quarrels with Many of the 80 returned exiles sought asylum After his revered friend Kurt Eisner was each other, but are also making some definite during the years of Nazi domination in three, murdered by rightists, he let himself be appointed efforts to re-assess their relationship with their four, five, even six different countries. The Soviet Chairman of the Revolutionary Central Com ancient mother religion, Judaism, I hope they Union granted asylum only to nineteen. On the mittee and, later on, Commander-in-Chief of the will not find us wanting. For this and many other hand, 67 found refuge and safety in the non- Red Army in ... of all places, Dachau. Accord other reasons I eagerly seized the opportunity of Communist countries of Western and Northem ing to witnesses, his first order was never to shoot reading a recently published anthology,* Europe; two give Poland and Latvia as their unless in self-defence. The author. Dr. Kurt Wilhelm, is Chief Rabbi countries of asylum, one Portugal, six were for Toller, an "independent" Socialist, found him of Stockholm and a Professor at Frankfurt Uni a time in Palestine and 13 for shorter or longer self soon in a quandary ; on one side, he was versity, He has compiled an Anthology from periods in U.S.A. and Canada, nine were in attacked by the Social Democrats, on the other, Talmudic times lo the present day. Very properly, Central and South America and four of the outwitted and out-manoeuvred by the Communists, extracts from the Book of Prayers follow on retumees lived in the Far East, i.e.. in China and whose terror regime he could not stop. Help excerpts from Leo Baeck's " Judaism" and Australia. Fourteen took part in the Spanish lessly he moaned at the killing of hostages, rapes examples from Talmud and Midrash, It is Civil War. and lootings, crying out: "When will men cease especially gratifying that one-fifth of the book Of the 368 East German authors who did not to hunt, to torment, to murder each other ? " deals with the Kabbala and Jewish mysticism, live in exile during the Nazi rdgime, about 96% For in his very heart he was a sensitive poet, a one of Dr, Wilhelm's favourite subjects. We are completely unknown in Western countries, passionate humanist, a man of highest ethical find in this Anthology all the great names we including the Federal German Republic. Only standards who could not find his way in the have met in Jewish religious literature, and which nine can lay claim to any reputation beyond the jungle of politics and intrigues, and who had to now come to life for the layman: Yehuda Halevi, frontiers of the German Democratic Republic ; pay for this failure with five years in prison. Maimonides, Zunz, Graetz, Hermann Cohen, the Dane. Andersen-Nexo. who lives in East " Toller, during the short period of his being in Bialik, Rosenzweig and Buber. Germany. Hans Franck, Peter Huchel, Bernhard command, always sought lo settle everything by But apart from these familiar names, what is Kellermann. Victor Klemperer. Lenka von Koer mediation ", the then Prussian Minister of Interior the substance of the book ? We are reminded ber, Paul Rilla, Strittmatter. Ehm Welk and, last Wolfgang Heine testified in his favour, pointing of the eternal conflict in Judaism: "In diesem but not least. Arnold Bronnen is mentioned, after out the accused's " ignorance of the world. Ineinander von National-Religioesem und whose name, indeed, all indication of distinctions Optimism and faith in peace ". Universal-Religioesem liegl das ewige Problem or anti-Nazi activity is missing. Toller was a believer. After having read one des Judentums." This sentence is one of the W. STERNFELD. of his plays, Thomas Mann said: " This is a most lucid and informative links the compiler kind of prayer, this writer is rehgious in his own provides between the different chapters. II is way." Something in him reminded Mann of the thought-provoking to read here again Heinrich eternal imperative "Thou shalt" of the ancient Graetz's famous dictum: "Das Judentum isl im prophets. strengen Sinne gar nicht Religion . . . sondem The volume contains most of Toller's plays es ist ist in diesem Sinne ein Staatsgesetz." That AJR whose characters, torn between what there is and is to say it lives or dies with the existence of what there shall be. bear the author's own the nation. But only a few pages later our atten features. Most illuminating are his autobiographi tion is drawn to Abraham Geiger: "So erkennl cal notes. " My Youth in Germany" and Geiger den juedischen Messianismus nur in CHARITABLE TRUST " Letters from Prison". Among the writers of seiner universalistischen Gestalt an, nicht in seiner juedischnaiionalen." These are the ways in which yon can help: the expressionistic era, Ernst Toller's Jewishiiess A similar contradiction prevails in the Je^yish was most clearlv pronounced. There was biblical conception of a God-fearing life. Maimonides grandeur in his' ire, in his pathos, in his ethical speaks of the highest type of reUgious Jew, the CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER postulates. His appearance was Jewish and his prophet, and says he is one of those "dessen childhood, at a township in the province of Posen, Denken und Verlangen nach den tierischen COVENANT roade him conscious of his being a Jew. Dingen bereits ueberwunden ist, naemlich das (in lieu of your membership subscription " I am thinking of my earlv youth, of the boy's Verlangen nach Ergoetzung an Speise, Trank to the AJR). Srief when other lads called ' Jude' after him ; Oder Beischlaf . . .". Yet no less authoritative of the terrible joy I felt when my being Jewish teachers have taught that the Jew should enjoy .4 Covenant commits the covenanter went unnoticed ; of the days at the beginning of the things of this world and that it is his sacred for a period of seven years or during war and of my passionate desire to prove, by duty to propagate the race. The similarity of his life, whichever period is shorter. risking my life, that I was a German, nothing Maimonides' leaching and Christian asceticism but a German. . . . is striking. " But am I not also a Jew ? Do I not belong Like the ancient Roman god Janus, Juedischer GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME to that people which has been persecuted down Glaube " faces two ways. It will give Christians the ages ; whose prophets called out for justice, in Germany an admirable insight into the A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL a call which was taken up by the wretched and spiritual world of Judaism (and il can serve the poor and hunted and passed on from generation same purpose for many Jews), At the same time Ask for particulars from: Tlie Secretary, to generation : whose bravest did not bend nor it will remind us and the Christians of the bow and chose death rather than surrender. . . . AJR Charitable Trust. 8 Fairfax Mansions, spiritual values we hold in common. No book London. N.W.3. " Were someone to ask me where I belong, I can do more. Would answer: I was born of a Jewish mother, Space donated by A, ROSENBERG TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED * Emst Toller : Prosa. Briefe, Dramen, Gedichte. Rowohlt • Jnedlscber Glanbe. Eine AoswaU mis iwel Jaintansenden. Britannia Works, 25 St, Pancras Way, N,W,1 •961. AD rights of English translations Sidney Kaufmann, Herausgegeben von Kurt Wilhelm. Carl Schuenemann Verlag M Fairway Oose, Forest Hills 75, N,Y. Bremen. Sammlung Dieterich. Pp. 523. DM. 17.80. Page 14 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962
LETTER TO THE EDITOR ORGANISATIONAL NEWS Dear Sir, CENTRAL BRITISH FUND present financial position of the Fund it was, Mrs. Galliner's Memorial article on George unfortunately, possible to set aside a sum of only Gershwin brings to mind one of the choicest Assistance to North African Refugees £15.000 for this purpose. In view of the very " Stilblueten" of the C. V. Zeitung. In its The Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and large sums which are required for this programme, Ohiluaiy Notice for the composer it stated: Rehabilitation at its recent meeting considered and the many other demands in connection with " Seine Mutter, die keine seiner Premieren reports from its Chairman. Mr, H. Oscar Joseph, refugees, transmigrants and deprived Jews in many versaeumte, folgte seinem Sarge." who had recently visited France, and Mr. Charles counlries. the Central British Fund is planning Yours, etc. H. Jordan, Director-General of the American a special appyeal. Joint Distribution Committee, who had just C. E. CASSELL. returned from. Algeria, REQUIREMENTS FOR OLD AGE HOME Bulawayo, S.R. The plight of the Jewish refugees and repatriates from North Africa now in France was Sewing Machine and Radio Sets SUGGESTED WEEK TO COMBAT a source of great concern to the French Jewish PREJUDICE community who were doing their utmost to help The new Old Age Home, Osmond House, is but had not sufficient rneans, even with the help in need of a Sewing Machine and several Radio A possibility that the economic development of the .\merican Joint Distribution Committee, to Sets. Any readers who are prepared to donate newly-independent countries might result in meet the vast needs. The orovision of religious. such items should kindly get in touch with A.JR.. entrenching existing discrimination rather than cultural and educational facilities to maintain 8 Fairfax Mansions, Fairfax Road. London, eliminating it, was voiced in Geneva by Dr. their religious life, their morale and their self- N.W.3. 'Phone: MAIda Vale 9096/7. Maurice L. Perlzweig. representative of the World resf>ect was an urgent priority, only equalled by Jewish Congress, when he addressed the U,N. the desperate need for suitable housing. In many KOPUL ROSEN MEMORIAL FUND Economic and Social Council. Dr. Perlzweig cases people were at present living twelve or more .\ dinner was held in the Dorchester Hotel to stressed the necessity of taking precautions in to one small room. launch a £500,000 memorial fund in the name of advance and pleaded for the adoption of a pro In Algeria, owing to recent events and the large- Rabbi Dr. Kopul Rosen. An amount of £325,000 posal that a week should be set aside every year scale emigration, communal facilities had broken was cx)llecled for the fund, whose purpose il is by the U.N. General Assembly for a concentrated down completely. lo complete the expansion of Carmel College, international effort to combat racial prejudice and The members of the Council agreed on the During the dinner a film of the late Dr, Rosen, discrimination and national and religious intoler need for providing assistance, but owing to the made at the college, was shown. ance.—fJ.C.)
FAMILY EVENTS Women Accommodation Vacant AJR Attendance Service Entries in the column Family Events COOK-HOUSEKEEPER required for MAIDA VALE. Comfortable bed/ WOMEN available to care for sick are free of cliar.'se. Texts shoidd be new Home for Elderly People in sitting-room to let in flat to con people and invalids, as companions sent in by the 18th of the month. Hove (Sussex). Apply to Mrs. H. siderate business/professional person. Suear, Flat 155, 29 Abercorn Place. Reasonable rent but no meals/service. and sitters-in : full- or part-time ; non Birthday N.W.S. 'Phone MAI. 8302. Box 116. residential, 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. Rosenbaum.—Mrs. Elsbeth Rosen- baiun fnte Simson) (formerly Dan NURSE OR COMPANION (German- 1 OR 2 FURNISHED ROOMS with MISSING PERSONS zig), of 9 Shiloa Street, Haifa, Israel, speaking) to look after old lady (not cooking facilities. Use of bathroom celebrated her 80th birthday on invalid) living in first-class Hamp and garden. Suitable for middle- Personal Enquiries August 20th. Instead of telegrams, stead boardine-house. free to follow aged retired lady. N.2 district. part-time occupation, against own Moderate rent. Box 127. Dr. Ingeborg Gurland, of Mitau donations to KKL for planting of room and board in same house. (Latvia), who studied English in Bonn trees. Box 115. Acconunodation Wanted from 1937 to 1938 and wrote her Golden Wedding Doctor thesis about " King Lear," FULL-TIME SECRETARY-Typist GENTLEM.AN wants comfortable wanted by her former fellow-student, Bloch.—Mr, Egon and Mrs. Frieda room, preferably central heated. Bloch. London, N.W,6. announce the required for London office. English Studienratin, Gertrud Wolferts, and German essential. To start Cricklewood or en route to Watford Velbert/Rheinland, Parkstr, 16, celebration of their Golden Wedding beginning of September, Reply under Junction. Box 119. on September 3rd. 1962. Box 129, Jarislowski.—Dr. Johanna Jarislow- ski. formerly of Berlin-Charlotten Deaths Miscellaneous Chadowsky.—Our dear sister. Clara Situations Wanted burg, Bayern-Allee 5. sought by Mrs. Chadowskv. of 32a Princess Avenue. VISITING SECRETARY, typing, Ursula Hess, of Diisseldorf, in con translating. interpreting. English. nection with a compensation claim. Muswell Hill, N.IO (formerly Oelz Men Replies to Jewish Refugees' Com and Berlin), passed away suddenly on German, French. Own typewriter. BOOKKEEPER, experienced, reli BAY. 8777. mittee. 217/9 Tottenham Court Road. July 1st. Deeply moumed by her able, seeks full-/part-time or home London, W.l. 'Phone LANgham sister, brother, relatives and friends, work. Good references. Box 122. RETIRED LADY wishes to meet 6931, DinkelspieL—Mr, Otto M, Dinkel another lady with view to business spiel (formerly Hamburg), of Leo HANDYMAN, experienced iron partnership. Idea is to purchase a Levy—Mrs. Charlotte Levy {n6e Baeck House, N.2. parsed awav in fitter. 29, seeks residential job. Box house somewhere on the coast and to Noa), Noa—Mrs, Hedwig Noa, Noa his 88th year on July 9th. Deeply 123. set up as small boarding-house —Mr. Rudolf Noa. .Ml formerly mourned by his grandson, relatives owners. Box 120. Berlin, wanted by Mrs. Erna Levy. and many friends. MECHANICAL ENGINEER 937 N, Stanley. Los Angeles 46. Cal., elderly, seeks work, preferably tech Personal U,S,A. Plaut—Mr. Adolf Plaut, of 24 nical translations (German. English Beechcroft Court, Beechcroft Avenue. Italian, Hungarian, some French) LADY in her fifties, of good Conti Enquiries by AJR London. N.W.ll (formeriy of Kir- commercial correspondence / typing nental family, " semi-invalid," wishes chain [Hessenl). passed away on July Good references. Box 124. to meet kind-hearted, cultured gentle Broner.—Mrs, Hertha Broner (nee 14th in his 80th year. He is deeply man in similar circumstances for her Feliks), born 10,9,1910, from Vienna, mourned by his wife, Bella, and his MECHANICAL ENGINEER, 54. thoughtful companion. Object matri Wanted by her stepfather, Mr, children, Manfred and Vera, of 12 Hungarian refugee, wants work as mony. Box 121. Michael Demerer. fitter or copymaker in drawing office. Farm Avenue. N.W,2, and his son. TWO SINGLE LADIES, mid-fifties, Fritz, in Australia. Only sedentary job, not too heavy Driesen.—Max and Marie Driesen work. Box 125. good appearance, happy disposition, (n^e Schafranik) and children. Ismar. CLASSIFIED reasonable income, would like to Kurt and Sylvia (formerly Berlin- INTELLIGENT MAN. educated, meet two refined gentlemen, 60-65, Schoneberg, Kaiser Friedrichstr. 3), Situations Vacant reliable, hard working, good at view friendship, possibly marriage. wanted by Felix Zacharias (Berlin), INVOICE CLERK wanted, male or figures, clerical work, typing. 46. Box 118, Answers to the AJR, 8, Fairfax Man female, for writing invoices, credit requires suitable work, preferably to WIDOW, Continental origin, middle- sions, N,W,3. notes, etc., for very busy West End be trained in import'export pro aged, attractive, good family, own firm. Must be absolutely accurate in cedure. Box 130, house. intelligent, domesticated, Dr. Anneliese May, last-known figures, salary £650 p.a, (Hours wishes to meet refined gentleman aged address 12 New Road, Stanborough. 9-5.30.) No Saturdays. Please write Women between 62 and 66 years, comfortable Welwyn Garden City. Herts, sought in confidence to Box 112. position. Object matrimony. Box in connection with her restitution and GENERAL CLERK, experienced, 114. compensation claims. MAN WANTED FOR DE.SPATCH invoicing. ledgers, assistant wages, for very busy West End handbag firm. typing, seeks full-time work. Box 126. WIDOW of German origin, indepen Traub-Wagner.—Mr. and Mrs, Traub- Somebody, able and willing to drive dent, excellent appearance, intelligent, Wagner, who emigrated to this a Bedford van in the morning for EXPERIENCED SHORTHAND- wishes to meet kind, well-educated country from Austria in 1938. parents one or two hours would be preferred. TYPIST, English/German, office gentleman up to 65, sound financial of Kurt Traub-Wagner. Their present Very good wages for the right routine, seeks part-time position. Box position. Object matrimony. Box address or at least their first names applicant. Box 113. 128. 117. are wanted by the Red Cross. AJR INFORMATION Sepiember, 1962 Page 15 NEWS IN BRIEF RESISTANCE DISCUSSED Four Jewish writers met al the National Book League in London recently to try to give an THE SOBLEN CASE VATICAN AGAINST ANTISEMITISM answer to the question: Why was there so little After Dr. Robert Soblen left Israel in July Fully aware of fresh attempts to rekindle the Jewish resistance in Nazi-occupied Europe ? And there were many angry scenes in the Knesset when smouldering fires of racial hatred, and conscious why did the Jews not make a fight for their lives, Ihe three Opposition parties accused Mr. Ben- of its world-wide responsibilities, the Catholic which were foredoomed anyway ? Gurion's Government of having allowed him lo Church hopes soon to make a vigorous effort lo Arnost Lustig, author of "Night and Hope", go under pressure from Washington, Questions combat both raciahsm and anlisemitism. This is was brought specially from Prague by his pub were also asked in the House of Commons, and lo be done in the form of an enunciation at the lishers (Hutchinson), who arranged the meeting. it was pointed out that Dr. Soblen suffered from second Vatican Council, which is to begin its The other three writers present are now all leukemia and might not have long to hve, deliberations in Rome on October 11, British subjects—Hungarian-born Eugene Heimler The details of these pronouncements are, as is ("Night and Mist"). Slovakian-born S, J, Uns- A year ago Dr. Soblen went on trial charged the agenda, stil! secret, but it is possible to con with conspiracy to commit espionage on behalf of dorfer ("The Yellow Star") and German-born clude that they will be made in a form which Ezra Jurman, the Soviet Union—the conspiracy being to obtain should serve as guidance to all Roman Catholics, material relating to national defence during the Considering the fact that this Ecumenical Mr, Unsdorfer pointed out that faced with the Second World War. He was sentenced to life Council will be attended by nearly three thousand Final Solution the very survival of a Jew was in imprisonment, .^fter the trial the defence sub bishops, who will be charged with the task of itself an act of resistance. The other speakers mitted new evidence and asked for a new trial. disseminating this message to some 500 million agreed and referred to escapes by Jews, their Dr. Soblen was on bail and in New York when Catholics throughout the world, the importance sabotage of articles they had to produce for the he heard that the three briefs filed asking the of such a statement to Jews everywhere can hardly German war machine and the assistance which Supreme Court for a new trial had been turned be exaggerated. Jewish inmates gave to Allied P.o.W.s in the camps down. That evening he flew to Tel Aviv using The Council will be attended by 400 bishops as isolated but significant forms of resistance to a passport belonging lo a dead brother. Arrested from South America alone—this will add fresh the Nazis. in Tel .^viv three days later he was deported in and topical interest to any effon that may be the company of a United States marshal on an The main reason for so htlle armed resistance made to counteract the wave of anti-Jewish was presented by the writers in the picture of a El Al Boeing bound for New York. On the first incidents in Argentina and other countries in that whole people gradually conditioned to their ulti stage of this journey the doctor slashed his wrists area,—(J,C.) mate fate by constant terror and fear, complete and abdomen. He was taken to hospital when isolation, starvation and huraiUalion; lack of the "plane landed in London and transferred to JEWISH COUPLE LEAVE RUSSIA organisation and the verv human reluctance lo Brixton prison on July 6. Nahum Eisenberg, an aged Jewish cobbler from accept the truth. Observers of the local Jewish scene say they Vilna, and his wife Neba, have after appeals to have never seen American Jewry so disturbed— Mr. Khruschev, been given permission to emigrate The debate did not end and will continue some say frightened—by anything that has hap to Israel. They said that over a period of five among the writers, as it does in literature the pened in Israel as they have been by the refusal years a friend at the Jerusalem Yeshiva sent five world over,—(J,C.) to retum Dr. Soblen 'to the United States. The appeals on their behalf to the Soviet leader. The Israeli Embassy in Washington has been inundated immigrants have now arrived in Haifa. Mr. with messages from Jews expressing deep dis Eisenberg, who had to renounce a pension of 50 GERMAN JEW AS WELSH SCHOLAR appointment at Israel's handling of the Soblen roubles, brought with him his cobbling tools and case and urging his return lo America. A number plans to settle down to his old trade.—-(J.C.) of prominent American Jewish leaders have made A Jew from Germany recentlv appeared on their protests direct lo Jerusalem. WARSAW GHETTO POEMS the Welsh Language T.V. programme. He is Dr. Nahum Goldmann slated on his arrival To mark the 20th anniversary of the confine Dr. W. K. Bernfeld, an interested member of the in Jerusalem that the Soblen affair was a matter ment of Warsaw's Jewish population by the Nazis AJR, who. as Honorary Secretary of the Cardiff solely for Israel and the other Governments con within the limits of the ghetto walls, the Warsaw Naturalists Society, was interviewed in his garden. cerned. Jewish individuals or organisations in the Yiddish Book Society has published a volume Dr. Bernfeld, who was born in Leipzig, started United Stales or anywhere else had no right to containing 71 ghetto poems. to learn Welsh some time ago. He has also intervene or interfere in the matter. Entitled "The Song of the Ghetto", the book been taking lessons on the flute at the Cardiff When this issue was going to press an applica includes a large number of poems by unknown College of MUSIC and Drama and carried off the tion for a writ of habeas corpus was lodged by authors, all of whom were murdered together with first prize two years in succession at the National Dr. Soblen's counsel. the rest of the Jewish population.—(J.C,) Eisteddfod.
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COMFORTABLE HOME BOOK NOW for your Picardy Hotel FOR OLD LADIES "THE CONTiNENTAL" 9 CSurch Road, Southbourne HOLIDAY LICENSED Moderate Terms at Meyrick Road, East Cliff, BOURNEMOUTH 68 Shoot-up Hill, N.W.2 BOURNEMOUTH SIMAR HOUSE 'Phone : GLA. 5838 'Phone : Bournemouth 48804 Facing sea ; lounges and dining- The well-known Private 'Phone 20751/3 room (seal 30). TV; part central Continental Hotel 2 minutes beach, town, and amusements, S4 bedrooms, central heating, lift, 2 TV heated ; free car park ; large 10/12 Herbert Road, lounges, card and reading lounge. M. GLASER garden. Bournemouth West DINING/BALLROOM seating 150 PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER INFORMAL DANCES Renowned cuisine. Dance bond Two minutes' bus ride to sea-front All Re-Upholstery. Carpets. ENGLISH 4 CONTINENTAL CUISINE for Festivals and season, Furniture Repairs, French Polishing DIETS on request OWN LOCK-UP GARAGES PERMANENTS WELCOME BOOK EARLY FOR YOUR SUMMER WILL BE DONE TO YOUR SATISFACTION Mrs. MARGOT SMITH HOLIDAYS, 'Phone : Westbourne 64176 "Phone : HAMpstead 5601 or call at Mr. & Mrs. H. Schreiber 432 FINCHLEY ROAD (Child's Hill). N.W.2 Page 16 AJR INFORMATION September, 1962 Letter from Jerusalem posal an annual supply of 1,500 million cubic metres of water by 1970. The project consists of a main conduit over a distance of 65 miles and of several reservoirs, ISRAEL'S NATIONAL WATER PLAN pumping and booster stations. The conduit will have its point of intake at Eshed Kinrot in the Water is the life-blood of the Middle East, water project in accordance with this understand North-Western corner of Lake Kinneret. Water and no project has engendered more threats of ing ; the point of intake in the Israel project will will be pumped from 210 metres below sea-level, war than Israel's plan to bring some of the waters be installed at the envisaged reservoir of Lake to the level of the conduit, 40 metres above sea- from the North of the country into the arid South, Kinneret instead of at the upper flow of the level and, from there, carried further South the Negev. Yet, strangely enough, of all the River Jordan. The Kingdom of Jordan, on its through tunnels and canals, in a 108" diameter issues in the Arab-Israel dispute, the one on which part, has been diverting the flow of the River pipeline. Lake Kinneret. the main storage reser the Arab States and Israel had reached agreement Yarmuk, which has always been considered an voir of the National Water Plan, will serve as a on all the practical arrangements was regional integral part of all the plans for the development regulator for the Jordan River flow. The whole water development. The Arab Governments, of the Jordan watershed system to the benefit of expanse of the lake lies within Israel territory. the adjacent countries, Israel included. The international frontier with Syria is some miles however, refused to give their political endorse from the Eastern shore of the lake; at its ment to the implementation of this accord. Jordan's unilateral diversion of the Yarmuk waters, coupled with Syria's drawing from the narrowest point, to the North-East, it is eleven In 1953 Mr. Eric Johnston was appointed Pre sources of the Yarmuk, will deprive Israel farms yar4s from Lake Kinneret. sident Eisenhowers personal representative in of their share in the Yarmuk's flow and impair The first stage of the project will be completed the task of elaborating a regional water develop the usefulness of the waters in the lower Jordan by the end of next year. In the face of Arab ment plan, with U,S,A. financial support, for the since, lacking the sweet waters of the Yarmuk, threats, this may tum out to be a period which exploitation of the Rivers Jordan and Yarmuk. the salinity of the lower Jordan will increase. calls for extreme watchfulness and diplomatic After two years of research, planning and The relative distribution of water in Israel has skill. , H.F. negotiation. Ambassador Johnston reached an made it imperative to create a national water SOCIETY TO HELP HABIMAH understanding with experts representing Jordan, system. There is a surplus of water in the North, Israel, Syria and Lebanon on all the technical a shortage in the centre, and a severe dearth in A Society of Friends of the Habimah National aspects of the plan, including such basic issues as the South, These geographical facts necessitate Theatre of Israel has been formed. The decision the division of the waters of the Rivers Jordan the transfer of surplus waters from the Northern to set up such a society was taken at a meeting and Yarmuk among the respective countries and to the Central and Southern regions of the in London, attended by a number of Jews the siting of storage and diversion installations. interested in Habimah, who are familiar with its Israel announced her readiness to ratify the country. The general trend of the principal water projects has, therefore, been a North-to- high artistic talent and are lovers of the theatre understanding. Yet the Arab League at its meet and creative art in general. ing in Cairo in October 1955 vetoed the Plan, South one. The National Water Plan is designed at the instigation of Egypt which was not a to integrate into one unit all the regional water Mr, Abba Eban, Israel's Minister of Education prospective participant in the scheme systems in the country. Israel's water planning and Culture, who is President of the Theatre's for 1960-1970 envisages a population of about Council and who attended the meeting, played a Subsequently, Israel decided to carry out her three million and an expansion of industry by leading part in forming the Society. In an inter own national water project within the framework 150-200 per cent, as compared with 1960. With view he stated that the Habimah was going of the Johnston Plan, and in a manner which the completion of the project and the utilisation through a difficult stage of transition because it would enable it to be integrated in a co-ordinated of other resources, such as purification of sewage, was breaking away from classical forms in order regional plan whenever that might become drillings, harnessing of storm run-off. etc. it is to meet the " new wave " of dramatic creativity, possible. Israel has since been executing her estimated that the country will have at its dis both Hebrew and translated,—(J,C.)
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