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Montenegro Country Report BTI 2014
BTI 2014 | Montenegro Country Report Status Index 1-10 7.50 # 22 of 129 Political Transformation 1-10 7.90 # 23 of 129 Economic Transformation 1-10 7.11 # 28 of 129 Management Index 1-10 6.51 # 18 of 129 scale score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2014. It covers the period from 31 January 2011 to 31 January 2013. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2014 — Montenegro Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. BTI 2014 | Montenegro 2 Key Indicators Population M 0.6 HDI 0.791 GDP p.c. $ 14206.2 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 0.1 HDI rank of 187 52 Gini Index 28.6 Life expectancy years 74.5 UN Education Index 0.838 Poverty3 % 0.0 Urban population % 63.5 Gender inequality2 - Aid per capita $ 163.1 Sources: The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2013 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2013. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $2 a day. Executive Summary Preparations for EU accession have dominated the political agenda in Montenegro during the period under review. Recognizing the progress made by the country on seven key priorities identified in its 2010 opinion, the European Commission in October 2011 proposed to start accession negotiations. -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae SLAVKO BURZANOVIĆ, PhD Senior researcher Office address: University of Montenegro Historical Institute Bulevar revolucije 5 81 000 Podgorica Montenegro Contact: [email protected] +382 67 810 179 Education • 2016-defended PhD thesis at the Department of History, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Montenegro, title of thesis Montenegro in Italian Foreign Policy from 1873 until 1923 • 1999-defended Mphil thesis at the Department of History, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, title of thesis Italijanso-crnogorski sindikat-Compagnia d'Antivari • 1993-graduated from the Department of History, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, title of B. Sc. thesis Antonio Baldacci and Montenegro Employment • 1999 to present employed as senior researcher at the Historical Institute, University of Montenegro, Podgorica • 1995-1999-employed as research assistant at the Historical Institute, University of Montenegro, Podgorica • 1984-1995-employed as History teacher in Elementary school „Sutjeska“, Podgorica 1 Teaching Experience • 2012-2015-University of Montenegro, Historical institute, Master’s Study Programme History∕Cultural History and Historical Anthropology-teaching assistant- History of the Parliamentarism in Montenegro and Creation of the modern Montenegrin state • 2007-2010- -University of Montenegro, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Italian Language and Literature-teaching professor -History of Italian Civilization I and II • 2002-2004-University of Montenegro, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of History- teaching assistant Languages: • Italian • Russian Projects: • Mediterannean Cultural Heritage: Italy and Montenegro-Perceptions and Perspectives (Historical Institute of Montenegro, UoM-ISMA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 2015-2017)-project team member. • Montenegro through the Lens of the Marubi Atelier (Historical Institute of Montenegro- Fototeka Marubi-Ministry of Culture of Montenegro, 2015)-project team member. -
“Thirty Years After Breakup of the SFRY: Modern Problems of Relations Between the Republics of the Former Yugoslavia”
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS “Thirty years after breakup of the SFRY: modern problems of relations between the republics of the former Yugoslavia” 15th independence anniversary of Montenegro: achievements and challenges Prof. dr Gordana Djurovic University of Monenegro 21 May 2021 1 An overview: from Doclea to the Kingdom of Montenegro (1) • During the Roman Empire, the territory of Montenegro was actually the territory of Duklja (DOCLEA). Doclea was originally the name of the Roman city on the site of modern Podgorica (Ribnica), built by Roman Emperor Diocletian, who hailed from this region of Roman Dalmatia. • With the arrival of the Slovenes in the 7th century, Christianity quickly gained primacy in this region. • Doclea (Duklja) gradually became a Principality (Knezevina - Arhontija) in the second part of the IX century. • The first known prince (knez-arhont) was Petar (971-990), (or Petrislav, according to Kingdom of Doclea by 1100, The Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea or Duklja , Ljetopis popa Dukljanina, XIII century). In 1884 a during the rule of King Constantine Bodin lead stamp was found, on which was engraved in Greek "Petar prince of Doclea"; In that period, Doclea (Duklja) was a principality (Byzantine vassal), and Petar was a christianized Slav prince (before the beginning of the Slavic mission of Cirilo and Metodije in the second part of the IX century (V.Nikcevic, Crnogorski jezik, 1993). • VOJISLAVLJEVIĆ DYNASTY (971-1186) - The first ruler of the Duklja state was Duke Vladimir (990 – 1016.). His successor was duke Vojislav (1018-1043), who is considered the founder of Vojislavljević dynasty, the first Montenegrin dynasty. -
LARSON-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf
THE NEW “OLD COUNTRY” THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE CREATION OF A YUGOSLAV DIASPORA 1914-1951 BY ETHAN LARSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Maria Todorova, Chair Professor Peter Fritzsche Professor Diane Koenker Professor Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Regensburg ABSTRACT This dissertation reviews the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s attempt to instill “Yugoslav” national consciousness in its overseas population of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as well as resistance to that same project, collectively referred to as a “Yugoslav diaspora.” Diaspora is treated as constructed phenomenon based on a transnational network between individuals and organizations, both emigrant and otherwise. In examining Yugoslav overseas nation-building, this dissertation is interested in the mechanics of diasporic networks—what catalyzes their formation, what are the roles of international organizations, and how are they influenced by the political context in the host country. The life of Louis Adamic, who was a central figure within this emerging network, provides a framework for this monograph, which begins with his arrival in the United States in 1914 and ends with his death in 1951. Each chapter spans roughly five to ten years. Chapter One (1914-1924) deals with the initial encounter between Yugoslav diplomats and emigrants. Chapter Two (1924-1929) covers the beginnings of Yugoslav overseas nation-building. Chapter Three (1929-1934) covers Yugoslavia’s shift into a royal dictatorship and the corresponding effect on its emigration policy. -
6.7 Mediter En Cifras
5 balance ingles ES07:4 Dossier 13/9/07 11:11 Página 189 Mediterranean Politics | Turkey-Balkans Montenegro: The Difficult Rebirth of a Mediterranean State Jean-Arnault Dérens, After signing the Dayton Peace Agreement in December Editor in Chief 1995, Milo Djukanovic began a process of progressive Courrier des Balkans, Arcueil distancing. He began to approach the West as well Panorama as Montenegrin separatist movements headed by the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro (LSCG). In the summer With Montenegro’s independence resulting from a of 1996, the final rupture came with the break-up of referendum held on 21st May 2006, Europe and the the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), successor Mediterranean Basin gained a new State. In reality, of the former Communists League. Milo Djukanovic 2007 it is the rebirth of a State, since the full independence and his followers kept control of the party, obliging Med. of the small mountain principality had been Momir Bulatovic to create a new party, the Socialist recognised at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. People’s Party (SNP). At the presidential elections of Montenegro was admitted to the League of Nations autumn 1996, Milo Djukanovic defeated his rival. in 1918, despite its annexation that same year The subsequent years, particularly marked by the into the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Kosovo crisis and NATO bombings in the spring of Slovenes. Within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1999 – which did not spare Montenegro – accentuated 189 Montenegro had enjoyed near independence for this political evolution. Milo Djukanovic posed as an many years. Faced with serious environmental advocate of Montenegrin ‘sovereignty,’ even if he had challenges and the weight of organised crime, this not yet uttered the word independence. -
O Pokušajima Organizovanja I Djelovanja Političke Emigracije Crne Gore U Carigradu Nakon Smrti Kralja Nikole (1921)
Akademik prof. dr. Šerbo RASTODER Univerzitet Crna Gora i redovni član CANU, BANU i DANU E-mail: [email protected] Izvorni naučni rad/Original scientific article UDK/UDC:94:321:327.3(497.16:560)”1921” 321:327.3(497.16:560)”1921” O POKUŠAJIMA ORGANIZOVANJA I DJELOVANJA POLITIČKE EMIGRACIJE CRNE GORE U CARIGRADU NAKON SMRTI KRALJA NIKOLE (1921) Apstrakt: Rad tretira jedno za crnogorsku istoriografiju važno pitanje, koje se odnosi na crnogorsku emigraciju i njeno djelovanje u Carigradu, nakon smrti kralja Nikole 1921. godine. U radu su na osnovu dosada neobjavljenih istorijskih izvora, izneseni brojni detalji vezani za aktivnosti crnogorske emigracije, koja je do smrti kralja Nikole bila izmještena u Italiji, a nakon toga se najveći broj emigranata prebacio u Carigrad. Riječ je o političkim emigrantima, koji nisu prihvatili gubljenje samostalnosti Crne Gore, nakon Podgoričke skupštine 1918. godine, i nisu se slagali sa politikom nove države Kraljevine Srva, Hrvata i Slovenaca. U tom pogledu u radu su predstavljene veoma zanimljive i raznovrsne aktivnosti crnogorske emigracije, te data jasna slika njihove privrženosti Crnoj Gori, njenoj državnosti i nezavisnosti, a kroz njihovo političko djelovanje i život u Carigradu. Ključne riječi: Crna Gora, crnogorska emigracija, Italija, Carigrad, Turska, balkanska federacija, boljševička Rusija. ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF MONTENEGRO’S POLITICAL EMIGRATION OF IN CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER DEATH OF KING NIKOLA (1921) Abstract: The paper treats one important issue for Montenegrin historiography, which refers to the Montenegrin emigration and its activities in Constantinople, after the death of King Nikola in 1921. Based on hitherto unpublished historical sources, the paper presents numerous details related to the activities of the Montenegrin emigration, which was relocated to Italy until the death of King Nikola, and after that the largest number of emigrants moved to Constantinople. -
Montenegro's Contested Identity and the Failure of Yugoslavia
23 ZuZana Poláčková – Pieter C. van Duin independence lost and regained: Montenegro’s contested identity and the failure of Yugoslavia (1918-2006) This article examines the political evolution of Montenegro during the era of Yugoslavia (1918- 1992) and the subsequent years of political conflict that eventually led to the regaining of Montenegrin independence in 2006. The First World War and the formation of the Yugoslav state not only meant the end of independent Montenegro but also the emergence of a new political context in which internal Montenegrin antagonisms were played out. While a considerable proportion of Montenegrin Orthodox Slavs supported the multinational but Serb-dominated Yugoslav state, there was also a growing number of Montenegrins who wanted to restore the country’s autonomous or even independent status. This was implemented to some degree in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia but then was endangered again during the crisis of Yugoslavia in the 1980s and 1990s. In addition there was growing unrest among the Muslim minorities and civil protests against Montenegro’s participation on the side of the Serbs in the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. The final result was a stronger anti-Serbian stance not only among a part of the general population but also among a significant section of the old political elite. This eventually led to Montenegro regaining independence through a referendum in 2006. However, achieving independence meant that Montenegro’s other serious problems, including corruption, uneven economic development and deficient democratisation, came even more emphatically to the fore. key words: Montenegro; Yugoslavia; national identity; political conflict; religious friction; demo- cratic change introduction ‘The national question permeated every aspect of Yugoslavia’s public life after 1918. -
Party Outcomes in Hybrid Regimes in the Western Balkans and Beyond
Party Outcomes in Hybrid Regimes in the Western Balkans and Beyond By Ivan Vuković Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Supervisor: Professor Zsolt Enyedi Budapest, May 2014 Abstract Most political parties that had been ruling in hybrid regimes lost power as these regimes ceased to exist i.e. democratized. Yet, some of these parties remained politically dominant notwithstanding the regime change. This PhD thesis aims to offer a plausible explanation of their different political fates (here defined as party outcomes). Its main focus is on the incumbent parties in hybrid regimes that existed in Serbia, Croatia, and Montenegro during the last decade of the 20th century. In addition, the thesis looks at a larger population of similar cases with the ambition to contribute to a better general understanding of the diverging party outcomes. The thesis puts forward a theoretically innovative model explaining the party outcomes, founded upon the two assumptions: (1) the diverging fates of dominant parties in hybrid regimes are determined by these parties’ (lack of) institutionalization; (2) (the lack of) their institutionalization is determined by the salience of the national question in the process of political mobilization leading to the regime establishment. Process tracing method is employed to test the presence in the three cases under observation of the thus constructed causal mechanism linking the hypothesized conditions (nationalist mobilization and the lack of party institutionalization) and party outcome (the loss of power). The theoretical relevance of the results of the analysis, supported by numerous causal process observations (including, among others, 27 in-depth interviews), is subsequently assessed within a broader empirical domain. -
Academie Serbe Des Sciences Et Des Arts
http://www.balkaninstitut.com UDC 949.716"19' Wayne VUCINICH Stanford University Stanford AN AMERICAN VIEW OF CONDITIONS IN MONTENEGRO 1918—1919 During a recent search in the Hoover Institution's Archives, the author came upon papers bequeathed to the Archives by Major Charles Wellington Furlong (1874 — 1967), 1 who served during the First World War on the General Staff of the United States Army, and at the end of the War was a member of the American Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. For a time Furlong was President Wilson's Special Military Aide, and a military observer and intelli gence officer in Dalmatia and Montenegro. As a member of the American Military Mission, Furlong was on a special assignment in Montenegro to investigate amd report on conditions in that country since the end of the War. He remained in Montenegro from Febru ary 6 to March 2, 1919. The United States was the first of the Allied governments to dispatch a mission to Montenegro. That mission was made up of Major Furlong and two military members of the American Embassy Staff in Rome, one of them Captain James Bruce, and the other a second lieutenant. The mission arrived in Montenegro by way of Kotor. Although an able intelligence officer, a university graduate, author, and later university professor, Major Furlong had limited knowledge of recent Montenegrin history and politics, and he did not fully lUnderstand some of what he saw and heard in Montenegro. The authorities in Montenegro, and rightly so, accused him of spen ding far more time with persons who opposed the union of Monte negro and Serbia than with those who favored it. -
POLITICAL PARTY BUILDING and CIVIC DEVELOPMENT USAID Cooperative Agreement No: EE-A-00-98-00028-00 October 1 to December 31, 2001
Quarterly Report MONTENEGRO: POLITICAL PARTY BUILDING AND CIVIC DEVELOPMENT USAID Cooperative Agreement No: EE-A-00-98-00028-00 October 1 to December 31, 2001 I. SUMMARY Uncertainty over the question of Montenegrin independence has continued with no end in sight to the political crisis. An October meeting among Serb, Montenegrin and Federal representatives did not resolve the federation's future. Although the U.S. and the European Union (EU) have pressured Montenegrin authorities to resume dialogue with Serbia and abandon independence plans, the Montenegrin government announced that the issue would be decided in a referendum held in early 2002. However, at the insistence of EU High Representative Javier Solana, the negotiations on the future of the federation resumed in mid-December. Meanwhile, a draft referendum law, heavily criticized by the OSCE since it provides for passage by simple majority only, did not pass in parliament. The pro-Yugoslavia opposition continued to demand an investigation of cigarette smuggling operations that implicate President Milo Djukanovic. Whether independent or not, Montenegro’s transition to a modern European actor will depend on its ability to build a democratic system that allows for informed and open debate related to the political reform process. The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) is committed to supporting democratic reforms in Montenegro as it addresses the continued need for internal political liberalization. The long-term goal of NDI’s Montenegro program is to strengthen Montenegro’s emerging democratic political system through increased organizational capacity of and improved public outreach by political parties and through the initiation of direct participation in the political process by nongovernmental organizations as a means to promote civil society and broad-based citizen participation in political affairs. -
Eudaimonia Journal for Legal, Political and Social Theory and Philosophy
eudaimonia Journal for Legal, Political and Social Theory and Philosophy No. 5 • 2021. Published by VALIDITY OF THE 1918 UNIFICATION OF MONTENEGRO AND SERBIA AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL THEORY APPROACH Matija Stojanović Pages: 143–164 UDK 342.537.5(497.11+497.16)"1918" Matija Stojanović* VALIDITY OF THE 1918 UNIFICATION OF MONTENEGRO AND SERBIA AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL THEORY APPROACH In this paper, the author will critically reexamine the 1918 unification of Mon- tenegro and Serbia, challenging the views which claim that it had no legal basis in the then-valid (international) legal order. The author disregards these claims made by the critics of the unification by exposing their methodological and logi- cal inconsistency. In doing so, by citing original documents the author attempts to actually recreate the adjudicating process by which this question had been solved within the realm of the international law and, in doing so, he brings the reader’s attention to certain theoretically interesting aspects of the international law, such as its overall nature, its adjudicating process and its adjudicating bod- ies (institutions), which are of utmost theoretical importance. Key words: Kingdom of Montenegro, 1918, Assembly of Podgorica, Legal Rec- ognition, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. 1. INTRODUCTION In November of 1918, a group of people from Montenegro, with the support of the Allied and especially Serbian powers, constituted an Assembly whose task was to express the will of Montenegrin people as in regards of their eventual unification with the Kingdom of Serbia. Each Montenegrin county was to choose representatives who would eventual- ly constitute an Assembly in the city of Podgorica. -
ANGLO-AMERICAN DIPLOMACY John D. Treadway Montenegro Is In
• ANGLO-AMERICAN DIPLOMACY AND THE MONTENEGRIN QUESTION, 1914-1921 John D. Treadway Montenegro is in the news again. As was the case precisely seventy years ago at the time of the Paris Peace Conference, newspaper headlines and journal articles talk about Serbo-Montenegrin solidarity, political unrest, and civil disobedience in Montenegro, ethnic tension between Serbs (including Montenegrin Serbs) and Albanians, and general Balkan ferment. They are causing diplomats and pundits to ask fundamen~ questions about the long-term viability of the multi-ethnic Yugoslav state. And just a few weeks ago the mortal remains of Nicholas I, the first-and only-king of Montenegro were returned to his homeland after a period of almost seven decades. The king, who figured prominently in the story before us, saw his kingdom for the last time in the winter of 1915-16. Despite the fact that he was on the ~g side in World War I, he lost his throne. and after 1918 was not permitted to return to Montenegro in any capacity. He died in exile in 1921. Of course, until recently most Americans had never heard of Montenegro, or if they had it was because a place called Montenegro was the homeland of Rex Stout's mythical sleuth, Nero Wolfe. Very few Americans have read the works of one of Montenegro's most famous contemporary sons, Milovan Djilas, though the publishing house of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich bas bent over backwards to make them available to the general reader. Over the years historians of world affairs, including historians of Balkan affairs., have tended to neglect Montenegro, the Land of the Black Mountain.