Peace Council 01/01/1983-09/30/1983 Box: RAC Box 29

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Peace Council 01/01/1983-09/30/1983 Box: RAC Box 29 Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: DeGraffenreid, Kenneth E.: Files Folder Title: World Peace Council 01/01/1983-09/30/1983 Box: RAC Box 29 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name DEGRAFFENREID, KENNETH: FILES Withdrawer SJW 9/2/2016 File Folder WORLD PEACE COUNCIL 1/1/83-9/30/83 FOIA F02-0083/0l Box Number 29 PRADOS 2940 ID Doc Type Document Description No of Doc Date Restrictions Pages 179980 FOLDER MEMOS, REPORTS 60 ND Bl The above documents were not referred for declassification review at time of processing Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)l B-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIAJ B-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIAJ B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA] B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial information [(b)(4) of the FOIAJ B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA] B-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIAJ B-8 Release would disclose Information concerning the regulation of financial institutions [(b)(S) of the FOIAJ B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical Information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA] C. Closed In accordance with restrictions contained In donor's deed of gift. WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name Withdrawer DEGRAFFENREID, KENNETH: FILES SJW 9/2/2016 File Folder FOIA WORLD PEACE COUNCIL 1/1/83-9/30/83 F02-0083/01 PRADOS Box Number 29 2940 ID Document Type No of Doc Date Restric- Document Description pages tions 179980 FOLDER 60 ND Bl MEMOS, REPORTS The above documents were not referred for declassification review at time of processing Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] B-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA] B-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA] B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA] B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial information [(b)(4) of the FOIA] B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA] B-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA] B-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA] B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA] C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift. ' Red-baiting, no. Anti-Communism, yes. THE 'PEACE COUNCIL' AND PEACE BY RONALD RADOSH AN OLD PROBLEM is back. Activists in the nuclear called the World Peace Council, which is bought and fl. freeze movement are faced, whether they like it or paid for by the Soviet Union." Far-right author and not, with the question of what attitude they should take researcher John Rees followed suit, stating that "the toward Communists and Communism. They want the Soviet Union is running the current worldwide disarma­ White House to engage in serious arms control negotia­ ment campaign through the K.G.B. and ... the World tions, which is an essential goal. While working toward Peace Council," and that U.S. peace activists were "up that goal, they are receiving overtures from American to their necks in this effort." And there were more such Communists who espouse unity in a common effort, but attacks. Of course all this is nonsense: the vast majority whose own private agenda is quite different. of those who campaigned and voted for freeze resolu- • One might have thought that the experience of de­ tions in November have never even heard of the World cades would have settled this issue long ago-indeed, as Peace Council. long ago as 1924, during the third-party campaign of The right's tactic of using this relatively obscure group Senator Robert M. Lafollette. After working to support to undermine the peace movement has not worked. The Lafollette as part of a broad coalition, the Communists American press has been sharp in exposing the paucity received new orders from Moscow and suddenly con­ of the allegations, particularly in challenging the Presi­ demned him as a Fascist. Lafollette concluded in a dent's recent assertion that "foreign agents" instigated public letter that Communists had joined his campaign the freeze movement. Even a cursory look at the Nuclear only "to disrupt it," and warned, "To pretend that the Weapons Freeze Campaign shows that the U.S. Peace Communists can work with the progressives is deliber­ Council, the American branch of the World Peace Coun­ ately to deceive the public." cil, is not part of its elected leadership. It is not to be After World War II, liberals faced the issue again found on its National Committee or on the smaller when the remnants of the wartime Popular Front sup­ executive and strategy committees. On the other hand, ported Henry A. Wallace's 1948 Presidential campaign. major organizations such as the Presbyterian Church are Wallace's "Gideon's Army" believed that there were officially involved, and one suspects that it is this kind of "no enemies on the Left," that liberals and Communists popular support that really upsets the White House. had to work together and maintain unity against the If Communists and U.S. Peace Council members are conservative drift. Americans for Democratic Action, the involved in working for the freeze on a local level, their American Civil Liberties Union, the New York State participation is too minimal to have any po1iti, al mean­ Liberal Party, and many other liberal groups disagreed, ing. Yet they are trying to play a more activE' part. contending that the Communists' antidemocratic ideol­ Indeed, just as the right needs to paint thE' freeze move­ ogy and their subservience to Soviet policy were flatly ment as pro-Communist, so do the Communists need incompatible with liberal goals-and that liberal orga­ this Red-baiting to gain them attention and legitimacy. nizations were not only within their rights to exclude A new generation of activists naively responds to the them but had a moral obligation to do so. This did not problem with their own kind of illogic. If the attack on prevent right-wing extremists from continuing to attack the peace movement through the U.S. Peare Council is such organizations as Communist, but it deprived such McCarthyism, they reason, the rejection of the U.S. charges of much of their force. Peace Council must also be McCarthyism. Today the issue has reappeared, with the Reagan It is this attitude, newly emerging, that allows such an Administration and its right-wing allies Red-baiting the old-fashioned Communist front as the U.S. Peace Coun­ entire nuclear freeze movement. The President himself cil to gain a following among old left peace groups such started the attacks, proclaiming in December 1981 that as Women's Strike for Peace and the Women·s Interna­ antiwar demonstrations "are all sponsored by a thing tional League for Peace and Freedom. Tht·:-e groups were themselves incorrectly attacked bv Senator Jere- Ronald Radosh is co-author with Joyce Milton of The . miah Denton as Communist fronts. R~t it would be Rosenberg File: A Search for the Truth, to be published in correct to describe their leaders as unfailing fellow trav­ August by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. elers of the type that flourished in the 19~ :, ,. and 1950s. 14 THE N l: W REP U BL IC January 31, 1983 The brochure of the U.S. Peace Council's national con­ Communists smoothly excludes the "peace activities" of ference is adorned with ads from both the various locals the Party's most popular and long-standing leader, Earl and the national office of the W.I.L.P.F. Browder-who went to prison for his peace campaign Perhaps the best example of how the new breed of during the Nazi-Soviet pact, and who was purged in fellow travelers reacts to Soviet policy can be found in 1945 for prematurely advocating the detente the Party their response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. It now supports. Meyerson ends his "Open Letter" by never occurred to them to react first with an outright extolling the virtues of his Party comrades: "Our experi­ condemnation of the invasion-to say nothing of offer­ ence in working with U.S.P.C. members who belong to ing their moral support to an indigenous liberation the Communist Party has shown them to be as honest, movement struggling for self-determination. They ar­ hard working, thoughtful and dedicated to the cause of gued that the Soviet invasion was not a cause for alarm. peace as anyone else." After all, Afghanistan was already a client state of the Soviet Union, and the Afghani rebels were composed of XCEPT, THAT IS, when the cause of peace is es­ barbarians-wife-beaters who objected to imposed pro­ E poused within the Soviet Union. I asked Meyerson gressive measures such as elimination of the bride price.
Recommended publications
  • Soviet Active Measures WPC Copenhagen Jul 1986.P65
    Foreign Affairs Note United States Department of State Washington, D.C. SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES: July 1986 THE WPC COPENHAGEN PEACE CONGRESS, OCTOBER 15-19, 1986 The World Peace Council (WPC), the best known Soviet interna- tional front, is sponsoring its 14th major peace congress Oc- For further information about the World Peace Council, tober 15-19, 1986, highlighting the UNs International Year of see: Peace. The themes of the congress probably will emphasize Soviet propaganda and policy initiatives on a variety of issues, • Foreign Affairs Note Soviet Active Measures: particularly nuclear defense and arms control. In order to attract The World Peace Council, April 1985. maximum participation, organizers have attempted to conceal • Foreign Affairs Note The World Peace Councils the WPCs central role, but several independent peace groups Peace Assemblies, May 1983. already have denounced the undertaking and have declined to • Foreign Affairs Note World Peace Council: participate. Original projections of some 5,000 attendees have Instrument of Soviet Foreign Policy, April 1982. dropped significantly, and the success of the conference is now in question. World peace assemblies or congresses are mainstays of of a breakthrough in international life, and of effective joint action in the interests the WPC agenda. Staged about every 3 years, they focus on a of all States and peoples, was stressed both at the meeting in Denmark, and in specific theme and invariably echo Soviet propaganda lines. an address issued by representatives of the national peace committees of Social- This years congress is dedicated to the UN International Year ist countries meeting in Sofia. of Peacea theme currently being exploited by all Soviet inter- Hermod LannungDanish Radical Liberal and long-time national front groups to support Soviet policies and condemn chairman of the Danish-Soviet Friendship Societywas chosen those of the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Frank Zelko Research Fellow, GHI
    “MAKE IT A GREEN PEACE”: THE HISTORY OF AN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION Frank Zelko Research Fellow, GHI In the early 1970s, the United States Congress’s House Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation held a series of hearings on the sub- ject of marine mammal protection. Among those who testified were rep- resentatives of America’s oldest and most established wilderness protec- tion groups, such as the Sierra Club, the Audubon Society, and the National Wildlife Federation. Although it was important to ensure that the world’s populations of whales and seals remained as healthy as pos- sible, these organizations argued, they did not support a policy of abso- lute protection. As long as the survival of the species was ensured, they believed, it was legitimate to use its “surplus” members for the benefit of people. In his testimony before the subcommittee, Thomas Kimball of the National Wildlife Federation employed phrases such as “renewable re- sources,” “stewardship,” and “professional wildlife management.” The “harvesting of surplus wildlife populations,” his organization felt, wasan “important management tool if the continuing long-range well-being of an animal population is the ultimate objective.”1 A few years later, a group of environmental protesters off the coast of California came across a fleet of Soviet whaling boats. Using motorized inflatable dinghies, the activists positioned themselves between a whal- er’s harpoon and a fleeing pod of sperm whales, acting as human shields to protect the defenseless giants. Whaling, these activists insisted, was not merely an issue of wildlife preservation or resource stewardship. Rather, it was an unconscionable act of violence perpetrated against a species whose intelligence and sensitivity put them in the same biological cat- egory as human beings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuclear Freeze Campaign and the Role of Organizers
    Week Three Reading Guide: The Nuclear Freeze campaign and the role of organizers The reading by Redekop has been replaced by a book review by Randall Forsberg, and the long rough- cut video interview of Forsberg has been replaced by a shorter, more focused one. We start the first day with a brief discussion of Gusterson’s second article, building on the previous long discussion of the first one. September 23, 2019 Gusterson, H. 1999, “Feminist Militarism,” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 22.2, 17; https://doi.org/10.1525/pol.1999.22.2.17 This article focuses on the feminist themes Gusterson touched on in his earlier one. He begins restating the essentialist position and its opposition by feminists via “social constructedness.” Second-wave feminism started with Simone de Beauvoir’s idea that gender is constructed (“One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman”) and extending to post-structuralist Judith Butler, for whom gender is a performance, potentially fluid, learned and practiced daily based on cultural norms and discourses. Gusterson is intrigued by the idea of feminist militarism as performance. “If we weren’t feminists when we went in [to the military], we were when we came out.” What was meant by this? How does the military culture described in the article reflect gender essentialism? On p. 22, Gusterson argues that the women’s movement and the peace movement “remake their mythic narratives… through the tropes of revitalization.” What does he mean by this? Do you agree or disagree? Why? Is feminist militarism feminist? Does your answer depend on whether you adopt essentialist or constructivist reasoning? Wittner, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
    overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • Robert A. Karl [email protected] Dickinson Hall 609-258-7249 Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544
    Robert A. Karl [email protected] Dickinson Hall 609-258-7249 Princeton University http://rakarl.com Princeton, NJ 08544 Teaching Princeton University, Department of History Assistant Professor 2010-present Instructor Fall 2009 Dartmouth College, Department of History Visiting Instructor Spring 2007 Publications Book Forgotten Peace: Reform, Violence, and the Making of Contemporary Colombia. Violence in Latin American History series, University of California Press (2017). • Spanish translation, Librería Lerner (forthcoming, 2018). • Reviewed by Choice (Highly Recommended), El Tiempo, NACLA Report on the Americas, ReVista: Harvard Review of Latin America. • Selected as preread for The Nation Travels’ 2017 Colombia tour. Articles “Century of the Exile: Colombia’s Displacement and Land Restitution in Historical Perspective, 1940s–1960s.” Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes 42, no. 3: Land, Justice, and Memory: Challenges for Peace in Colombia (November 2017): 298–319. “Reading the Cuban Revolution from Bogotá, 1957–62,” Cold War History 16, no. 4 (November 2016): 337–358. • Reviewed by H-Diplo. Forthcoming “From ‘Showcase’ to ‘Failure’: Democracy and the Colombian Developmental State in the 1960s,” in State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Rise & Fall of the Developmental State, ed. Miguel A. Centeno and Agustin E. Ferraro. Cambridge University Press (forthcoming, 2018). In Progress “The Politics of Colombian Development in Latin America’s Long 1950s.” State of Impunity: Injustice and Legal Exception in Modern Colombia. Education Harvard University Ph.D., History 2009 Robert A. Karl 2 Dissertation: “State Formation, Violence, and Cold War in Colombia, 1957-1966” Committee: John Womack, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Confessions of a Greenpeace Dropout: the Making of a Sensible Environmentalist
    An Excerpt from Confessions of a Greenpeace Dropout: The Making of a Sensible Environmentalist ou could call me a Greenpeace dropout, but that is not an entirely accurate Ydescription of how or why I left the organization 15 years after I helped create it. I’d like to think Greenpeace left me, rather than the other way around, by but that too is not entirely correct. Patrick The truth is Greenpeace and I underwent divergent evolutions. I became Moore a sensible environmentalist; Greenpeace became increasingly senseless as it adopted an agenda that is antiscience, antibusiness, and downright antihuman. This is the story of our transformations. The last half of the 20th century was marked by a revulsion for war and a new awareness of the environment. Beatniks, hippies, eco-freaks, and greens in their turn fashioned a new philosophy that embraced peace and ecology as the overarching principles of a civilized world. Spurred by more than 30 years of ever-present fear that global nuclear holocaust would wipe out humanity and much of the living world, we led a new war—a war to save the earth. I’ve had the good fortune to be a general in that war. My boot camp had no screaming sergeant or rifle drills. Still, the sense of duty and purpose of mission we had at the beginning was as acute as any assault on a common enemy. We campaigned against the bomb-makers, whale-killers, polluters, and anyone else who threatened civilization or the environment. In the process we won the hearts and minds of people around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The History Problem: the Politics of War
    History / Sociology SAITO … CONTINUED FROM FRONT FLAP … HIRO SAITO “Hiro Saito offers a timely and well-researched analysis of East Asia’s never-ending cycle of blame and denial, distortion and obfuscation concerning the region’s shared history of violence and destruction during the first half of the twentieth SEVENTY YEARS is practiced as a collective endeavor by both century. In The History Problem Saito smartly introduces the have passed since the end perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a res- central ‘us-versus-them’ issues and confronts readers with the of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains olution of the history problem—and eventual multiple layers that bind the East Asian countries involved embroiled in controversy with its neighbors reconciliation—will finally become possible. to show how these problems are mutually constituted across over the war’s commemoration. Among the THE HISTORY PROBLEM THE HISTORY The History Problem examines a vast borders and generations. He argues that the inextricable many points of contention between Japan, knots that constrain these problems could be less like a hang- corpus of historical material in both English China, and South Korea are interpretations man’s noose and more of a supportive web if there were the and Japanese, offering provocative findings political will to determine the virtues of peaceful coexistence. of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and that challenge orthodox explanations. Written Anything less, he explains, follows an increasingly perilous compensation for foreign victims of Japanese in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely path forward on which nationalist impulses are encouraged aggression, prime ministerial visits to the interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociol- to derail cosmopolitan efforts at engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • 1982 Moscow Independent Peace Group
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified 1982 Moscow Independent Peace Group Citation: “Moscow Independent Peace Group,” 1982, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Jean Stead and Danielle Grunberg, END Special Report, European Nuclear Disarmament and the Merlin Press, 1982. Contributed to NPIHP by Matthew Evangelista. Reproduced with the permission of the Merlin Press, www.merlinpress.co.uk http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113734 Summary: Pamphlet from European Nuclear Disarmament with two first-hand accounts of a Scandinavian women’s peace march through Moscow that visited with an independent Soviet peace group. Includes details on the process and END’s internal debate on how to interact with the emerging movement, along with publications of the peace group itself, Western journalistic sources, official documents, and photographs. Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document ©Jean Stead, Gabrielle Grunberg, 1982 The excerpts from New York Times, The New Yorker and The Guardian reproduced by kind permission. Distributed by The Merlin Press, 3 Manchester Road , London E 14 and END, 227 Seven Sisters Road, London N4. Joint Merlin/END publication. First published November 1982 Printed by Black Rose and set by H. Hems MoicOw's Police ArTeSt FoWlder ofPeace Group ! MOSCOW, I -The arrested a founderAug. (AP) of theUnion's Soviet PQltce cmJy puup today and putindependent him in a peace his wW. fellowpsychiatric l"OUI> mm11enlapital acainst �Mid � �,W- old artistSerae1 who spent timeIn a Batomn, ric 5e'YeD yearspsychiat­ ago, wula.ken from.baspltaJ the apanment of YuriMedved­ bv, a fellow group member, after DOOl1 . COUeagues said theshortly police •ccmed bilD of 8el'Y• .
    [Show full text]
  • A3299-B8-1-2-001-Jpeg.Pdf
    G> ) vl Recording made by Hilda Bernstein, 1j5th March 1973, on her recollections of the South African Peace Movement. I think there were two very important reasons why we started a Peace Movement - at least I was involved with these two reasons The first was a desire to do something about the menacing world situation since the dropping of the nuclear bombs in Japan, to outlaw nuclear weapons and to save the potential world from this terriDleXdisaster it was facing; and the second was the desire to link up any activities on this front in South Africa with some sort of international movement, particularly in South Africa because one is so terribly isolated there from world affairs. This was in the early 1950's, a kind of post-war activity which grew up: people who took an active part in politics in South Africa also of course followed what was happening overseas, inter­ national affairs as we called it, but a lot of South Africans are very much absorbed with their own problems which are real and near, and everything else seems so far away and nobody cares a damn about it. We felt a necessity to establish this international link. Now during the whole time of its existence the official peace movement in South Africa wasn't officially connected with the World Peace Council, but this was for safety reasons as far as the South African Government was concerned. But unofficially we kept our links with them, and wherever we could we sent people to conferences that were held.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Scientists' Critique of Nuclear Deterrence Theory and Its
    Japanese Scientists’ Critique of Nuclear Deterrence Theory and Its Influence on Pugwash, 1954–1964 ✣ Akira Kurosaki Japan and Pugwash from a Transnational Perspective In July 1957, 22 scientists from both sides of the Iron Curtain gathered in the quiet village of Pugwash in Nova Scotia to discuss nuclear dangers and ways to establish world peace. This meeting led to the founding of a loose- knit transnational coalition of scientists known later as the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Pugwash, for short). During the Cold War, Pugwash provided scientists with a forum to discuss issues related to world peace and security. It also served as an informal communication channel be- tween East and West.1 In 1995, Pugwash, together with its former president and one of its founding members, Joseph Rotblat, won the Nobel Peace Prize “for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms.”2 As Pugwash’s activities expanded and its participants increased, national groups sprang up in several countries, including Japan. In the late 1950s, the Japanese affiliate was created under the leadership of three prominent theo- retical physicists: Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981), who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949; Sin-Itiro¯ Tomonaga (1906–1979), who received the No- bel Prize in 1965; and Shoichi¯ Sakata (1911–1970). The Japanese branch sent scientists to international Pugwash meetings and kept scientists and citizens in Japan informed about Pugwash activities. In 1962, Yukawa, Tomonaga, and Sakata also established the Kyoto Conference of Scientists (KCS) in line with 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenpeace, Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front: the Rp Ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008)
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2008 Greenpeace, Earth First! and The aE rth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher J. Covill University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Covill, Christopher J., "Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 93. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The Progression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher John Covill Faculty Sponsor: Professor Timothy Hennessey, Political Science Causes of worldwide environmental destruction created a form of activism, Ecotage with an incredible success rate. Ecotage uses direct action, or monkey wrenching, to prevent environmental destruction. Mainstream conservation efforts were viewed by many environmentalists as having failed from compromise inspiring the birth of radicalized groups. This eventually transformed conservationists into radicals. Green Peace inspired radical environmentalism by civil disobedience, media campaigns and direct action tactics, but remained mainstream. Earth First’s! philosophy is based on a no compromise approach.
    [Show full text]