Smart Payment Systems, Digital Divide and Transit Inequity: a Study of the Toronto Transit Commission’S Implementation of the Presto System
SMART PAYMENT SYSTEMS, DIGITAL DIVIDE AND TRANSIT INEQUITY: A STUDY OF THE TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION’S IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESTO SYSTEM by Masooma Ali Honours Bachelor of Arts, University of Toronto, 2016 A Major Research Paper presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Planning in the Program of Urban Development Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2020 © Masooma Ali 2020 SMART PAYMENT SYSTEMS, DIGITAL DIVIDE AND TRANSIT INEQUITY ii SMART PAYMENT SYSTEMS, DIGITAL DIVIDE AND TRANSIT INEQUITY AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A MRP I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this MRP. This is a true copy of the MRP, including any required final revisions. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this paper to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this MRP by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my MRP may be made electronically available to the public. iii SMART PAYMENT SYSTEMS, DIGITAL DIVIDE AND TRANSIT INEQUITY Smart Payment Systems, Digital Divide and Transit Inequity: A Study of the Toronto Transit Commission’s Implementation of the PRESTO System © Masooma Ali 2020 Master of Planning in the Program of Urban Development ABSTRACT Toronto is city divided. The city’s public transportation system is not an exception to this pattern. A move away from tokens, tickets, passes and cash and towards smart technology and modernization is excluding a large population of Torontonians who rely on public transportation but lack resources, face limited connectivity and rely on fare subsidy programs and traditional methods of fare payment.
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