SPRING 2013 - Volume 60, Number 1 UNPRECEDENTED F35.Com POWER TAKES to the SKIES
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SPRING 2013 - Volume 60, Number 1 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG UNPRECEDENTED f35.com POWER TAKES TO THE SKIES Freedom is a precious gift. And it is the mission of America’s service men and women to preserve it. The F-35A F-35A Lightning II is a stealthy, agile, fl exible high-performance fi ghter that gives the U.S. Air Force the LIGHTNINGLIGHTNING IIII power to dominate the skies. Anywhere. F-35 Lightning II. Designed with freedom in mind. UNITED STATES THE F-35 LIGHTNING II TEAM NORTHROP GRUMMAN BAE SYSTEMS PRATT & WHITNEY LOCKHEED MARTIN Spring 2013 -Volume 60, Number 1 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG Features The Battle for Ra’s Al-Khafji and the Effects of Air Power, Part I William Head 4 Norwegian Air Guerillas: The Scout Detachment of the Troendelag Air Wing in the 1940 Campaign Frode Lindgjerdet 16 The Influence of the Private Sector on the Diffusion of Military Aviation 1907-1912 Adam Jungdahl 28 Armageddon’s Shortening Fuse, 1945-1962 Robert O. Jameson 40 London’s Airports: Useful Information on Heathrow, Gatwick, Luton, Stansted, and City By Martin W. Bowman and Graham Simons Review by Daniel J. Simonsen 54 Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power Book Reviews By Zbiniew Brzenski Review by John Cirafici 54 Airlines of the Jet Age By R.E.G. Davies Review by Steven D. Ellis 54 Mission to Tokyo: The American Airmen Who Took the War to the Heart of Japan. By Robert F. Dorr Review by Joseph Romito 55 Before They Were Black Sheep: Marine Fighting Squadron VMF-0214 and the Battle for the Solomon Islands By Carl O. and Peter M. Dunbar Review by Golda Eldridge 55 The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Imperial Air Service By Peter J. Edwards Review by John G. Terino, Jr. 56 How Historians Work: Retelling the Past—From the Civil War to the Wider World By Judith Hallock, John Waugh, and Drake Bush Review by Adrien D. Ivan 56 The Star of Africa: The Story of Hans Mareille and the rogue Luftwaffe Ace Who Dominated the WW II Skies By Colin D. Heaton and Anne-Marie Lewis Review by John F. O’Connell 57 Neptune’s Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal By James D. Hornfischer Review by J. Ron Davis 57 U.S. Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946-1967 By Sean N. Kalic Review by Joseph Bassi 58 Strike Warfare in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Non-Nclear Attack by Air and Sea By Dale E. Knutsen Review by Richard P. Hallion 58 North American F–86 Sabre: 1947 Onwards (All Day Fighter Variants) Owners Workshop Manual By Mark Linney and Douglas DC–3 Dakota: 1935 Onwards (All Marks)-Owners Workshop Manual By Paul and Louise Blackah Review by Richard P. Hallion 59 Nightfighter, Radar Intercept Killer By Mark A. Magruder Review by Al Mongeon 59 America’s Secret MiG Squadron: The Red Eagles of Project Constant Peg By Gaillard R. Peck Review by Gary R. Lester 60 Japanese Experimental Transport Aircraft of the Pacific War By Giuseppe Picarella Review by Richard P. Hallion 60 The Hump: America’s Strategy for Keeping China in World War II By John D. Plating Review by John G. Terino, Jr. 61 Nancy Batson Crews: Alabama’s First Lady of Flight By Sarah Byrn Rickman Review by John G. Terino, Jr. 61 Until They Are Home: Bringing Back the MIAs from Vietnam-A Personal Memoir By Thomas T. Smith Review by Steven D. Ellis 62 Guard Wars: The 28th Infantry Division in World War II By Michael E. Weaver Review by Curtis H. O’Sullivan 62 Destined for Glory: Dive Bombing, Midway, and the Evolution of Carrier Airpower By Thomas Wildenberg Review by Steven D. Ellis 64 Departments Books Received 65 President’s Message 66 News, In Memoriam, Upcoming Events, Reunions, and History Mystery 68 COVER: The “aerial locomotion” exhibit at the Grand Palais in Paris in 1909, stoked public interest in aeronautics. The Air Force Historical Foundation The Journal of the Air Force Historical Foundation Spring 2013 Volume 60 Number 1 Publisher Alfred F. Hurley Editor Jacob Neufeld Asst. Editor, Layout and Design Richard I. Wolf Air Force Historical Foundation Technical Editor P.O. Box 790 Robert F. Dorr Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Book Review Editor (301) 736-1959 Scott A. Willey E-mail: [email protected] Advertising On the Web at http://www.afhistoricalfoundation.org Jim Vertenten Circulation Officers, 2013 Board of Directors, 2013 Angela J. Bear President/Chairman of the Board and Col Kenneth J. Alnwick, USAF (Ret) Chair, Executive Committee Col William J. Dalecky, USAF (Ret) Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose, USAF (Ret) Lt Gen Russell C. Davis, USAF (Ret) Air Power History (ISSN 1044-016X) is pro- Vice President/1st Vice Chairman Gen Ronald R. Fogleman, USAF (Ret) duced for Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter by Gen John A. Shaud, USAF (Ret) Dr. Thomas E. Griffith, Jr. the Air Force Historical Foun dation. 2nd Vice Chairman and Chair, Col Charles J. Gross, USAFR (Ret) Development Committee Ms. Jonna Doolittle Hoppes Prospective contributors should consult the Maj Gen Kenneth M. DeCuir, USAF (Ret) Lt Gen Charles L. Johnson, USAF (Ret) GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS at the back of this journal. Unsolicited manu- Treasurer and Chair, Lt Gen Timothy A. Kinnan, USAF (Ret) scripts will be returned only on specific Finance Committee Mr John F. Kreis request. The Editor cannot accept responsibil- Lt Col Lawrence Spinetta, USAF CMSgt John R. McCauslin, USAF (Ret) ity for any damage to or loss of the manu- Chair, Services Committee Jacob Neufeld script. The Editor reserves the right to edit Maj Willard Strandberg, Jr., USAF (Ret) manuscripts and letters. Publisher Brig Gen Alfred F. 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Postmaster: Please send change of address to the Circulation Office. 2 AIR POWER History / SPRING 2013 From the Editor When the airplane was invented, both European and American military leaders failed to foresee the vital importance of aviation and aviation research. However, while government officials dawdled, private individuals came together to take the lead in air power advocacy. That is the thesis of Adam Jungdahl in his article, “The Influence of the Private Sector on the Diffusion of Military Aviation, 1907-1912.” Frode Lindgjerdet tells the story of his nation’s resistance against the powerful Luftwaffe for a couple of weeks following the German invasion of Norway on April 9, 1940. Despite the ingenuity of Norway’s Trondelag Air Wing, they ultimately were defeated by the lack of supplies and inadequate communications. The proliferation of nuclear weapons during the period from 1945 to 1962, resulted in strategists both in the U.S. and USSR painting themselves into a corner. They shifted from a strategy limited only to military targets to a total war. Beginning in 1962, advances in nuclear weapons reached a point where Mutually Assured Destruction, or MAD, made sense. To avert Armageddon, by 1991 the super powers were driven to détente and disarmament negotiations. While he neither minimizes the importance of ground maneuver forces nor sea power, historian Bill Head ‘s article, “The Battle for Ra’s Al-Khafji and the Effects of Air Power,” claims that this often-overlooked battle established the efficacy of air power in warfare. In part I of this article Head covers the entry into Khafji. Part II, which will be published in the summer issue of Air Power History, will deal with the withdrawal from Khafji. This issue also contains the usual outstanding book reviews, History Mystery, upcoming symposia and reunions, plus a sadly long list of In Memoriams. Please be sure not to miss the President’s Message on page 66. Air Power History and the Air Force Historical Foundation disclaim responsibility for statements, either of fact or of opinion, made by contributors. The submission of an article, book review, or other communication with the intention that it be published in this journal shall be construed as prima facie evidence that the contributor willingly transfers the copyright to Air Power History and the Air Force Historical Foundation, which will, however, freely grant authors the right to reprint their own works, if published in the authors’ own works. AIR POWER History / SPRING 2013 3 The Battle for Ra’s Al-Khafji and the Effects of Air Power January 29-February 1,1991 Part I 4 AIR POWER History / SPRING 2013 William P. Head AIR POWER History / SPRING 2013 5 The arches into the Saudi Introduction city of al-Khafji. Because the city was within range of Iraqi artillery in Kuwait, it hile familiar with the first Persian was ordered evacuated on Gulf War, many people have forgot- August 18, 1990. (Photo courtesy of the U.S.