Gljive – Fungi
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Two New Chrysomyxa Rust Species on the Endemic Plant, Picea Asperata in Western China, and Expanded Description of C
Phytotaxa 292 (3): 218–230 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.3.2 Two new Chrysomyxa rust species on the endemic plant, Picea asperata in western China, and expanded description of C. succinea JING CAO1, CHENG-MING TIAN1, YING-MEI LIANG2 & CHONG-JUAN YOU1* 1The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Two new rust species, Chrysomyxa diebuensis and C. zhuoniensis, on Picea asperata are recognized by morphological characters and DNA sequence data. A detailed description, illustrations, and discussion concerning morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species are provided for each species. From light and scanning electron microscopy observations C. diebuensis is characterized by the nailhead to peltate aeciospores, with separated stilt-like base. C. zhuoni- ensis differs from other known Chrysomyxa species in the annulate aeciospores with distinct longitudinal smooth cap at ends of spores, as well as with a broken, fissured edge. Analysis based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) partial gene sequences reveals that the two species cluster as a highly supported group in the phylogenetic trees. Correlations between the morphological and phylogenetic features are discussed. Illustrations and a detailed description are also provided for the aecia of C. succinea in China for the first time. Keywords: aeciospores, molecular phylogeny, spruce needle rust, taxonomy Introduction Picea asperata Mast.is native to western China, widely distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and western Sichuan. -
The Fungi of Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and Environs
THE FUNGI OF SLAPTON LEY NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE AND ENVIRONS APRIL 2019 Image © Visit South Devon ASCOMYCOTA Order Family Name Abrothallales Abrothallaceae Abrothallus microspermus CY (IMI 164972 p.p., 296950), DM (IMI 279667, 279668, 362458), N4 (IMI 251260), Wood (IMI 400386), on thalli of Parmelia caperata and P. perlata. Mainly as the anamorph <it Abrothallus parmeliarum C, CY (IMI 164972), DM (IMI 159809, 159865), F1 (IMI 159892), 2, G2, H, I1 (IMI 188770), J2, N4 (IMI 166730), SV, on thalli of Parmelia carporrhizans, P Abrothallus parmotrematis DM, on Parmelia perlata, 1990, D.L. Hawksworth (IMI 400397, as Vouauxiomyces sp.) Abrothallus suecicus DM (IMI 194098); on apothecia of Ramalina fustigiata with st. conid. Phoma ranalinae Nordin; rare. (L2) Abrothallus usneae (as A. parmeliarum p.p.; L2) Acarosporales Acarosporaceae Acarospora fuscata H, on siliceous slabs (L1); CH, 1996, T. Chester. Polysporina simplex CH, 1996, T. Chester. Sarcogyne regularis CH, 1996, T. Chester; N4, on concrete posts; very rare (L1). Trimmatothelopsis B (IMI 152818), on granite memorial (L1) [EXTINCT] smaragdula Acrospermales Acrospermaceae Acrospermum compressum DM (IMI 194111), I1, S (IMI 18286a), on dead Urtica stems (L2); CY, on Urtica dioica stem, 1995, JLT. Acrospermum graminum I1, on Phragmites debris, 1990, M. Marsden (K). Amphisphaeriales Amphisphaeriaceae Beltraniella pirozynskii D1 (IMI 362071a), on Quercus ilex. Ceratosporium fuscescens I1 (IMI 188771c); J1 (IMI 362085), on dead Ulex stems. (L2) Ceriophora palustris F2 (IMI 186857); on dead Carex puniculata leaves. (L2) Lepteutypa cupressi SV (IMI 184280); on dying Thuja leaves. (L2) Monographella cucumerina (IMI 362759), on Myriophyllum spicatum; DM (IMI 192452); isol. ex vole dung. (L2); (IMI 360147, 360148, 361543, 361544, 361546). -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
Fungi and Their Potential As Biological Control Agents of Beech Bark Disease
Fungi and their potential as biological control agents of Beech Bark Disease By Sarah Elizabeth Thomas A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway, University of London 2014 1 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Sarah Elizabeth Thomas, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: _____________ Date: 4th May 2014 2 ABSTRACT Beech bark disease (BBD) is an invasive insect and pathogen disease complex that is currently devastating American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in North America. The disease complex consists of the sap-sucking scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga and sequential attack by Neonectria fungi (principally Neonectria faginata). The scale insect is not native to North America and is thought to have been introduced there on seedlings of F. sylvatica from Europe. Conventional control strategies are of limited efficacy in forestry systems and removal of heavily infested trees is the only successful method to reduce the spread of the disease. However, an alternative strategy could be the use of biological control, using fungi. Fungal endophytes and/or entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) could have potential for both the insect and fungal components of this highly invasive disease. Over 600 endophytes were isolated from healthy stems of F. sylvatica and 13 EPF were isolated from C. fagisuga cadavers in its centre of origin. A selection of these isolates was screened in vitro for their suitability as biological control agents. Two Beauveria and two Lecanicillium isolates were assessed for their suitability as biological control agents for C. -
An Overview of the Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Typification of Nectriaceous Fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 79–113. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.04 An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella T. Gräfenhan1, 4*, H.-J. Schroers2, H.I. Nirenberg3 and K.A. Seifert1 1Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada; 2Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; 4Current address: Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3G8, Canada *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A comprehensive phylogenetic reassessment of the ascomycete genus Cosmospora (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) is undertaken using fresh isolates and historical strains, sequences of two protein encoding genes, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and a new phylogenetic marker, the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase (acl1). The result is an extensive revision of taxonomic concepts, typification, and nomenclatural details of many anamorph- and teleomorph-typified genera of theNectriaceae, most notably Cosmospora and Fusarium. The combined phylogenetic analysis shows that the present concept of Fusarium is not monophyletic and that the genus divides into two large groups, one basal in the family, the other terminal, separated by a large group of species classified in genera such as Calonectria, Neonectria, and Volutella. All accepted genera received high statistical support in the phylogenetic analyses. Preliminary polythetic morphological descriptions are presented for each genus, providing details of perithecia, micro- and/or macro-conidial synanamorphs, cultural characters, and ecological traits. -
A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Investigation of Conifer Endophytes
A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Investigation of Conifer Endophytes of Eastern Canada by Joey B. Tanney A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2016 Abstract Research interest in endophytic fungi has increased substantially, yet is the current research paradigm capable of addressing fundamental taxonomic questions? More than half of the ca. 30,000 endophyte sequences accessioned into GenBank are unidentified to the family rank and this disparity grows every year. The problems with identifying endophytes are a lack of taxonomically informative morphological characters in vitro and a paucity of relevant DNA reference sequences. A study involving ca. 2,600 Picea endophyte cultures from the Acadian Forest Region in Eastern Canada sought to address these taxonomic issues with a combined approach involving molecular methods, classical taxonomy, and field work. It was hypothesized that foliar endophytes have complex life histories involving saprotrophic reproductive stages associated with the host foliage, alternative host substrates, or alternate hosts. Based on inferences from phylogenetic data, new field collections or herbarium specimens were sought to connect unidentifiable endophytes with identifiable material. Approximately 40 endophytes were connected with identifiable material, which resulted in the description of four novel genera and 21 novel species and substantial progress in endophyte taxonomy. Endophytes were connected with saprotrophs and exhibited reproductive stages on non-foliar tissues or different hosts. These results provide support for the foraging ascomycete hypothesis, postulating that for some fungi endophytism is a secondary life history strategy that facilitates persistence and dispersal in the absence of a primary host. -
Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two
(topsheet) Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113. Fieldiana, Botany H. Thorsten Lumbsch Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7881 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] Sabine M. Huhndorf Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7855 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] 1 (cover page) FIELDIANA Botany NEW SERIES NO 00 Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf [Date] Publication 0000 PUBLISHED BY THE FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2 Table of Contents Abstract Part One. Outline of Ascomycota - 2009 Introduction Literature Cited Index to Ascomycota Subphylum Taphrinomycotina Class Neolectomycetes Class Pneumocystidomycetes Class Schizosaccharomycetes Class Taphrinomycetes Subphylum Saccharomycotina Class Saccharomycetes Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class Arthoniomycetes Class Dothideomycetes Subclass Dothideomycetidae Subclass Pleosporomycetidae Dothideomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Class Eurotiomycetes Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Class Geoglossomycetes Class Laboulbeniomycetes Class Lecanoromycetes Subclass Acarosporomycetidae Subclass Lecanoromycetidae Subclass Ostropomycetidae 3 Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis: orders, genera Class Leotiomycetes Leotiomycetes incertae sedis: families, genera Class Lichinomycetes Class Orbiliomycetes Class Pezizomycetes Class Sordariomycetes Subclass Hypocreomycetidae Subclass Sordariomycetidae Subclass Xylariomycetidae Sordariomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Pezizomycotina incertae sedis: orders, families Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 Introduction Literature Cited 4 Abstract Part One presents the current classification that includes all accepted genera and higher taxa above the generic level in the phylum Ascomycota. -
Ray G. Woods, R. Nigel Stringer, Debbie A. Evans and Arthur O. Chater
Ray G. Woods, R. Nigel Stringer, Debbie A. Evans and Arthur O. Chater Summary The rust fungi are a group of specialised plant pathogens. Conserving them seems to fly in the face of reason. Yet as our population grows and food supplies become more precarious, controlling pathogens of crop plants becomes more imperative. Breeding resistance genes into such plants has proved to be the most cost effective solution. Such resistance genes evolve only in plants challenged by pathogens. We hope this report will assist in prioritising the conservation of natural ecosystems and traditional agro-ecosystems that are likely to be the richest sources of resistance genes. Despite its small size (11% of mainland Britain) Wales has supported 225 rust fungi taxa (including 199 species) representing 78% of the total British mainland rust species. For the first time using widely accepted international criteria and data collected from a number of mycologists and institutions, a Welsh regional threat status is offered for all native Welsh rust taxa. The results are compared with other published Red Lists for Wales. Information is also supplied in the form of a census catalogue, detailing the rust taxa recorded from each of the 13 Welsh vice-counties. Of the 225 rust taxa so far recorded from Wales 7 are probably extinct (3% of the total), and 39 (18%) are threatened with extinction. Of this latter total 13 taxa (6%) are considered to be Critically Endangered, 15 (7%) to be Endangered and 13 (6%) to be Vulnerable. A further 20 taxa (9%) are Near Threatened, whilst 15 taxa (7%) lacked sufficient data to permit evaluation. -
Notizbuchartige Auswahlliste Zur Bestimmungsliteratur Für Europäische Pilzgattungen Der Discomyceten Und Hypogäischen Ascomyc
Pilzgattungen Europas - Liste 8: Notizbuchartige Auswahlliste zur Bestimmungsliteratur für Discomyceten und hypogäische Ascomyceten Bernhard Oertel INRES Universität Bonn Auf dem Hügel 6 D-53121 Bonn E-mail: [email protected] 24.06.2011 Beachte: Ascomycota mit Discomyceten-Phylogenie, aber ohne Fruchtkörperbildung, wurden von mir in die Pyrenomyceten-Datei gestellt. Erstaunlich ist die Vielzahl der Ordnungen, auf die die nicht- lichenisierten Discomyceten verteilt sind. Als Überblick soll die folgende Auflistung dieser Ordnungen dienen, wobei die Zuordnung der Arten u. Gattungen dabei noch sehr im Fluss ist, so dass mit ständigen Änderungen bei der Systematik zu rechnen ist. Es darf davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Lichenisierung bestimmter Arten in vielen Fällen unabhängig voneinander verlorengegangen ist, so dass viele Ordnungen mit üblicherweise lichenisierten Vertretern auch einige wenige sekundär entstandene, nicht-licheniserte Arten enthalten. Eine Aufzählung der zahlreichen Familien innerhalb dieser Ordnungen würde sogar den Rahmen dieser Arbeit sprengen, dafür muss auf Kirk et al. (2008) u. auf die neuste Version des Outline of Ascomycota verwiesen werden (www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp). Die Ordnungen der europäischen nicht-lichenisierten Discomyceten und hypogäischen Ascomyceten Wegen eines fehlenden modernen Buches zur deutschen Discomycetenflora soll hier eine Übersicht über die Ordnungen der Discomyceten mit nicht-lichenisierten Vertretern vorangestellt werden (ca. 18 europäische Ordnungen mit nicht- lichenisierten Discomyceten): Agyriales (zu Lecanorales?) Lebensweise: Zum Teil lichenisiert Arthoniales (= Opegraphales) Lebensweise: Zum Teil lichenisiert Caliciales (zu Lecanorales?) Lebensweise: Zum Teil lichenisiert Erysiphales (diese aus praktischen Gründen in der Pyrenomyceten- Datei abgehandelt) Graphidales [seit allerneuster Zeit wieder von den Ostropales getrennt gehalten; s. Wedin et al. (2005), MR 109, 159-172; Lumbsch et al. -
Assessment of Invasive Species in Alaska and Its National Forests August 30, 2005
Assessment of Invasive Species in Alaska and its National Forests August 30, 2005 Compiled by Barbara Schrader and Paul Hennon Contributing Authors: USFS Alaska Regional Office: Michael Goldstein, Wildlife Ecologist; Don Martin, Fisheries Ecologist; Barbara Schrader, Vegetation Ecologist USFS Alaska Region, State and Private Forestry/Forest Health Protection: Paul Hennon, Pathologist; Ed Holsten, Entomologist (retired); Jim Kruse, Entomologist Executive Summary This document assesses the current status of invasive species in Alaska’s ecosystems, with emphasis on the State’s two national forests. Lists of invasive species were developed in several taxonomic groups including plants, terrestrial and aquatic organisms, tree pathogens and insects. Sixty-three plant species have been ranked according to their invasive characteristics. Spotted knapweed, Japanese knotweed, reed canarygrass, white sweetclover, ornamental jewelweed, Canada thistle, bird vetch, orange hawkweed, and garlic mustard were among the highest-ranked species. A number of non-native terrestrial fauna species have been introduced or transplanted in Alaska. At this time only rats are considered to be causing substantial ecological harm. The impacts of non-native slugs in estuaries are unknown, and concern exists about the expansion of introduced elk populations in southeast Alaska. Northern pike represents the most immediate concern among aquatic species, but several other species (Atlantic salmon, Chinese mitten crab, and New Zealand mudsnail) could invade Alaska in the future. No tree pathogen is currently damaging Alaska’s native tree species but several fungal species from Europe and Asia could cause considerable damage if introduced. Four introduced insects are currently established and causing defoliation and tree mortality to spruce, birch, and larch. -
NEMF MASTERLIST - Sorted by Taxonomy
NEMF MASTERLIST - Sorted by Taxonomy Sunday, April 24, 2011 Page 1 of 80 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus and Species Amoebozoa Mycetomycota Protosteliomycetes Protosteliales Ceratiomyxaceae Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. fruticulosa Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. globosa Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. poroides Mycetozoa Myxogastrea Incertae Sedis in Myxogastrea Stemonitidaceae Brefeldia maxima Comatricha dictyospora Comatricha nigra Comatricha sp. Comatricha typhoides Lamproderma sp. Stemonitis axifera Stemonitis axifera, cf. Stemonitis fusca Stemonitis herbatica Stemonitis nigrescens Stemonitis smithii Stemonitis sp. Stemonitis splendens Fungus Ascomycota Ascomycetes Boliniales Boliniaceae Camarops petersii Capnodiales Capnodiaceae Capnodium tiliae Diaporthales Valsaceae Cryphonectria parasitica Valsaria peckii Elaphomycetales Elaphomycetaceae Elaphomyces granulatus Elaphomyces muricatus Elaphomyces sp. Erysiphales Erysiphaceae Erysiphe polygoni Microsphaera alni Microsphaera alphitoides Microsphaera penicillata Uncinula sp. Halosphaeriales Halosphaeriaceae Cerioporiopsis pannocintus Hysteriales Hysteriaceae Glonium stellatum Hysterium angustatum Micothyriales Microthyriaceae Microthyrium sp. Mycocaliciales Mycocaliciaceae Phaeocalicium polyporaeum Ostropales Graphidaceae Graphis scripta Stictidaceae Cryptodiscus sp. 1 Peltigerales Collemataceae Leptogium cyanescens Peltigeraceae Peltigera canina Peltigera evansiana Peltigera horizontalis Peltigera membranacea Peltigera praetextala Pertusariales Icmadophilaceae Dibaeis baeomyces Pezizales -
FUNDAMENTOS EN EL MANEJO DEL TIZÓN FOLIAR Lophodermium Sp
FUNDAMENTOS EN EL MANEJO DEL TIZÓN FOLIAR Lophodermium sp. EN BOSQUES DE PINO DE LA SIERRA NORTE DE PUEBLA Tesis realizada por Edgar Espinosa Guerrero, bajo la dirección del Comité Asesor indicado, aprobada por el mismo y aceptada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de: MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS EN CIENCIAS FORESTALES DIRECTOR: _____________________________________ DR. DAVID CIBRIÁN TOVAR CO-DIRECTOR: __________________________________ DRA. LUZ JUDITH RODRIGUEZ ESPARZA ASESOR: ______________________________________ DRA. SILVIA EDITH GARCIA DÍAZ ASESOR: ______________________________________ DR. DANTE ARTURO RODRIGUEZ TREJO I II ÍNDICE INDICE DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................. IV INDICE DE CUADROS ................................................................................................. V DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................ VI AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................ VII DATOS BIOGRÁFICOS ............................................................................................ VIII RESUMEN GENERAL ................................................................................................ IX GENERAL ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ X CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL .................................................................