DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of Research Impact Factor : 5.2331(Uif) Ugc Approved Journal No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review of Research Impact Factor : 5.2331(Uif) Ugc Approved Journal No Review Of ReseaRch impact factOR : 5.2331(Uif) UGc appROved JOURnal nO. 48514 issn: 2249-894X vOlUme - 7 | issUe - 7 | apRil - 2018 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ POET RANNA AND THE CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA Dr. Jayashree S. Prabha Associate Prof. Dept. of History, Govt. First Grade College, Bidar. ABSTRACT : The 10th century A.D was a period of political unrest; there were frequent wars between the kings of one region and those of another. The villagers had to depend on themselves for protecting their interests against cattle lifter and robbers. As a result, the atmosphere was charged with zeal and heroism. Men were ready to take up arms and sacrifice their lives for a cause. KEYWORDS : Kannada literature , protecting , period of political unrest. INTRODUCTION : Jainism wielded great influence during this period. We cannot say, however, that it was the most popular religion. Like their predecessors, the Chalukyas of Kalyana extended their patronage to Jainism, though they themselves were not Jains, Kannada literature, in its early stages, owes much to the Jaina poets who cultivated the Kannada language when it was generally thought that Kannada was not a fit vehicle for literary compositions. Kannada literature had made considerable advance by the time the Chalukyas of Kalyana established heir supremacy. Several poets had composed works both in prose and verse; they had composed in a style called champu also, champu being an admixture of prose and verse. Among the poets of the champu style were Gunavarma-I, Pampa and Ponna. The influence of Pampa on later poets is remarkable. Indeed, the period of literature from Pampa to Basava has been justly named “The age of Pampa”. Ranna was the first poet to write under the Chalukyas. He was patronized by the emperor Taila-II. Ranna was born in 949 A.D. as the fourth son of Jinavallabha, who was a dealer in bangles and a devout Jaina. Ranna was born at Muduvolal, the present Mudhol. His education was under the celebrated teacher Ajitasenacharya. As Ranna puts it, his career was one of slow but steady progress. He was patronized by feudatories in the beginning, later by a Mandaleshwara, and finally by the emperor (Chakravarthi) himself, who bestowed on him the title “Kavichakravarthi”. Tow great figures who played a great part in Ranna’s life were Chavundaraya and Attimabbe. The former was the author of Chavundaraya-purana; but he is better known as the person responsible for the gigantic stone image of Gommata at Sravanabelogola. The latter is one of the greatest women born in Karnataka. It is said that she got a thousand copies of Ponna’s Santi- purana copied and distributed. Kongs, ministers and religious men shaped his jewel (Ranna and Ratna), the jewel of poets (Kaviratna). Among Ranna’s works, two, or rather three, are extant. His Chakreshwaracharite and Parasurmacharite are not available. It is not easy to guess the subject matter of these poems, in spite of the attempts made by scholars. Ajitapurana, Gadayuddha (or Sahasa Bhimavijaya) and Rannakanda are extant. He wrote his Ajitapurana for Attimabbe during the reign of Taila-II in 993 A.D. It is short poem of twelve chapters. As the very name indicates, it is a purana with eight angas or parts, viz. desam, puranam, ________________________________________________________________________________________ Available online at www.lbp.world 1 POET RANNA AND THE CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA vOlUme - 7 | issUe - 7 | apRil - 2018 _____________________________________________________________________ rajavrittakam, arhadvibhavam, chaturgati, tapomargam and phalam. The story of Ajitaswami, the second Jina, is related here. It is a short story and contains a few interesting episodes. Ranna has tried to narrate the episodes in eight chapters padding the narrative with detailed discussions of Jaina philosophy attempt, and not a very successful attempt, of a great poet. But it is not suggested that the attempt of Ranna is a failure. There are a few sections in this poem that are unsurpassed. For example, the verses on renunciation spoken by Vimalavahana, who afterwards incarnates as Jina, have a lyrical beauty and emotional appeal of a universal character, they describe the futility of human glory and happiness in a language which poets like Ranna alone can wield. But, as elsewhere, even here Ranna tries to elaborate, and one is left with the feeling that it is overdone. The portions describing the birth of Ajita, ‘the Washing ceremony’ (Janmabhishka) and Indra’s dance are but imitations of Pampa. The finest portion in this work, of course, is the story of Sagara. The story of Sagara and Bhageeratha, as is narrated here, is the Jaina version, and differs in many respects from the well-known traditional Hindu version. The second and the best of his works is Gadayuddha. It is a heroic poem and is in keeping with the spirit of the age. Written at a time and in country when heroism was practiced and honoured, it is the greatest work of one of the greatest poets. The story deals with the last day of the Kurukshetra war. It is the story of a single day that is narrated. But the poet has so narrated the story that almost the whole story of the Mahabharata is related in various dialogues and in numerous descriptive passages. “Simhavalokana Krama” is the name given to this technique by the poet. It is analogous to the ‘flash-back’ in film technique. The whole of Gadayuddha is indebted to the 13th canto of Pampa Bharata. Ranna has freely drawn his ideas, phrases and even verses from the earlier work and has enriched them by his imagination. The hero of this poem is Bheema, who according to the poet is no other than Irivabedanga Satyasraya. He was the son of Taila-II and was the reigning monarch when Ranna wrote his poem. It is Bheema who becomes king; Draupadi is not the wife of the five Pandavas, but of Bheema only. These are the some of changes made by Ranna while adapting the original story. Among the characters Duryodhana attracts us. According to Ranna Duryodhana is ‘Mahanubhava’ a truly great man. He has committed great sins but, at the same time he is a person full of human qualities. He is an ideal as friend, father, brother and disciple. He is a hero who is resolute. He clung to his ideals whether they are right or wrong, in spite of failures. He elevates himself to tragic heights. As a critic aptly remarks, the poet has elevated Duryodhana without lowering Bheema. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Available online at www.lbp.world 2 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • President, Vice President and Prime Minister Greet the Nation
    May, 2013 Vol. No. 153 Ahimsa Foundation in World Over + 1 Lakh The Only Jain E-Magazine Community Service for 13th Continuous Years Readership PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT AND PRIME MINISTER GREET THE NATION Delivering the message to the nation on the eve of Mahavir Jayanti, President Pranab Mukherjee, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Vice President Hamid Ansari greeted the nation. In his address to the nation, President Pranab Mukherjee expressed his heartiest greetings and good wishes to the people of India and to the Jain community in particular. Recalling the noble teachings of Lord Mahavira, Pranab Mukherjee appealed to people to give up violence in thought, word and deed and to always stick to the path of non-violence. Vice president Hamid Ansari in his message to the country said that Mahavir’s teachings of following the right belief and right conduct for the sake of human salvation is considered the most significant teaching forever. Requesting the people to follow the footsteps of Lord Mahavir, Ansari said that people should take the determination to follow his message in order to create a peaceful, non-violent and compassionate society. In his message to the people on the occasion, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said, that, the noble philosophy of Mahavir is as relevant today with increasing incidents of crime and violence against vulnerable sections. The Prime Minister appealed to bring peace, prosperity and happiness to all countrymen. MAHAVIR JAYANTI GREETING FROM POPE BENEDICT'S OFFICE, VATICAN CITY Dear Jain Friends, 1. The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue extends warm greetings and felicitations as you devoutly commemorate, on 23rd April this year, the Birth Anniversary of „Tirthankar’ Vardhaman Mahavir.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Emergence of Tragedy in Kannada Literature T.S
    Translation and Reception as a Cultural Process: On the Emergence of Tragedy in Kannada Literature T.S. SATYANATH* Although translation is generally considered as a literary process, it involves a series of cultural maneuvers by the cultures involved in the process, both ideologically and otherwise. The absence of tragedy as a genre in Indian literature has generally prompted scholars to perceive the emergence of tragedy in Indian literature variously as influence, reception, emergence of a new genre etc. However, a closer look at the controversies, debates, criticisms and experimentations and the changes in parallel native performing traditions reveal interesting cultural maneuvers undertaken by different groups of people in responding to the genre of tragedy, which also needs to be looked at as a part of the translation process. The paper attempts to probleinatize the issue by going through different modes of representations attempted in the history of modern Kannada literature, particularly during the period 1920-50, which constitutes the formation period for the genre. The problem has been approached from six different perspectives. 1. The early translations of tragedies. 2. Controversies that surrounded the early translations. 3. Attempts to create an appropriate aesthetics (sensibility) to appreciate the new genre. 4. Attempts to demonstrate the existence of tragic elements in Indian literature. 5. Attempts to demonstrate the existence of tragic heroes in Jaina literature, specifically in medieval Kannada epics. 6. The tragic nature in Kannada folk performing traditions. The paper argues for a need to understand translation as a process of cultural production and consumption rather than as a literary one.
    [Show full text]
  • MAHESH TUTORIALS Batch : SUBJECT : Social Science Date: 10Th Std
    SET - B GSEB MAHESH TUTORIALS Batch : SUBJECT : Social Science Date: 10th Std. Chapter # 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17 Marks : 100 Eng. Medium Model Answer Paper Time: 3 Hrs. 1. (C) Tana Riri Festival PART - A 2. (A) Materialistic heritage 3. (C) Ravindra Singh Bisht 4. (A) Pali 5. (C) Desert Soil 6. (B) Protected forest 7. (A) Organic farming 8. (B) 1882 9. (A) Robbery 10. (A) To allow other countries to trade in our country. 11. (D) 21.9% 12. (A) Mauryan 13. (C) Trumpet(Bhungal) 14. (B) Godavari and Krishna 15. (B) Rajtarangini 16. (D) Solitary resources 17. (A) Chilotro 18. (D) Gujarat 19. (A) four 20. (B) Market system 21. (A) 1972 22. (C) Goa 23. (C) Sapta Sindhu 24. (B) Jambur 25. (C) Thanjavur 26. (D) 1, 4, 3, 2 27. (A) India 28. (B) 3 29. (A) They can satisfy maximum demands 30. (C) Homeopathy 31. (A) Relative poor 32. (C) Shikhar 33. (A) National Park 34. (C) Harsha Charit 35. (A) Singing and playing are part of dramatic art. 36. (C) 20 to 30% 37. (D) 2030 38. (B) Bangladesh 39. (C) Individual 40. (C) 1991 41. (B) Rare 42. (D) Sabarmati 43. (B) Amir Khushro 44. (D) 264.04 crore tonnes 45. (C) America, Japan and England 46. (D) Mission Mangalam 47. (C) Andhra Pradesh - Khajuraho temples 48. (D) Bhakhra-Nangal, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagarjunsagar 49. (D) Sheikh Burhan was the teacher of Amir Khushro. 50. (A) Tea-slopy land containing Iron-Assam and West Bengal-leading exporter PART - B SECTION - A Answer the following questions : [2 marks] 10 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 10 Emergence of Rashtrakutas*
    History of India from C. 300 C.E. to 1206 UNIT 10 EMERGENCE OF RASHTRAKUTAS* Structure 10.0 Objectives 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Historical Backgrounds of the Empire 10.3 The Rashtrakuta Empire 10.4 Disintegration of the Empire 10.5 Administration 10.6 Polity, Society, Religion, Literature 10.7 Summary 10.8 Key Words 10.9 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 10.10 Suggested Readings 10.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit, we will discuss about the origin and emergence of the Rashtrakutas and the formation of Rashtrakuta empire. Later, we will also explore the organization and nature of Rashtrakuta state with social, religious, educational, cultural achievements during the Rashtrakutas. After studying the Unit, you will be able to learn about: major and minor kingdoms that were ruling over different territories of south India between 8th and 11th centuries; emergence of the Rashtrakutas as a dominant power in Deccan; the process of the formation of Rashtrakuta empire and contributions of different kings; the nature of early medieval polity and administration in the Deccan; significant components of the feudal political structure such as ideological bases, bureaucracy, military, control mechanism, villages etc.; and social, religious, educational, architectural and cultural developments within the Rashtrakuta empire. 10.1 INTRODUCTION India witnessed three powerful kingdoms between c. 750 and 1000 CE: Pala empire, Pratihara empire and Rashtrakuta empire in south India. These kingdoms fought each other to establish their respective hegemony which was the trend of early medieval India. Historian Noboru Karashima treats the empire as a new type of state, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattadakal Text 3
    1 ŚAIVA MONUMENTS at PAṬṬ ADAKAL Vasundhara Filliozat architecture by Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat 2 Scheme of transliteration from n āgar ī and kanna ḍa scripts Special n āgar ī letters ° ā £ ī • ū ¶ ṛ ṝ ḷ ṅ ñ ṭ ṭh – ḍ — ḍh “ ṇ ś ṣ Special kanna ḍa letters K ē N ō ¼ ḷ 3 S TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures Introduction I. History History and chronology of Calukya kings Pulike śin II (A.D. 610-642) Vikram āditya II II. Architecture The site of Pa ṭṭ adakal The Karn āṭa-Nāgara temples at Pa ṭṭ adakal The temple of K āḍasiddhe śvara The temple of Jambuli ṅge śvara The temple of K āśī vi śvan ātha The temple of Galagan ātha The temple of P āpan ātha (M ūlasth ānamah ādeva) Miniature temples at Pa ṭṭ adakal The Candra śekhara temple The Karn āṭa-Dr āvi ḍa monuments at Pa ṭṭ adakal The temple of Vijaye śvara (Sa ṃgame śvara) The temple of Loke śvara (Vir ūpākṣa) Pr āsāda Interior Pr āsāda Exterior The Temple of Trailokye śvara (Mallik ārjuna) III. Iconography The temple of Vijaye śvara The Temple of Loke śvara External façades Loke śvara Temple, interior The temple of Trailokye śvara The temple of K āśī vi śve śvara The temple of P āpan ātha The temple of K āḍasiddhe śvara The temple of Jambuli ṅge śvara The temple of Galagan ātha IV. Epigraphy V. Conclusion Works referred to Glossary Glossary of special words in inscriptions Index 4 List of figures Photographs are by the authors assisted by Shalva Pillai Iyengar, unless otherwise stated.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Major dynasties of south India (753 – 1300 ce) Module Id I C/ OIH/ 17 Pre requisites Knowledge in the political history of South India Objectives To study the history of major dynasties of South India and their contribution to Indian Culture Keywords Rashtrakutas / Chalukyas of Kalyani / Yadavas/ Kakatiya / Hoysala/ Pandya E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Introduction The Political History of Deccan between 753 – 1300 CE was marked by the ascendency of the Rashtrakutas of Manyaketa, emergence of Chola power, the Chalukyas of Kalyani and their subordinates. One of the kingdoms that rose to power on the ruins of the Chaluykas of Badami was the Rashtrakutas. Later, the country south of Tungabhadra was united as one state for nearly two centuries under Cholas of Tanjore and Chalukyas of Kalyani. Towards the close of the twelfth century, the two major powers-the Cholas and Chalukyas of Kalyani had became thoroughly exhausted by their conflicts and were on their decline. Their subordinate powers were started to show their new vigor and were ready to take advantage of the weakening of their suzerains and proclaimed independence. The Yadavas of Devagiri, the Kakatiyas of Warangal, the Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra and the Pandyas of Madurai constitute important political forces during 12th and 13th Centuries. 2. Topic I : Rashtrakutas (753 to 973 CE) Rashtrakutas were the important dynasty ruling over large parts of the Indian Subcontinent for 220 years from 753 to 973 CE with their capital from Manyakheta (Malkhed in Gulbarga district).
    [Show full text]
  • Folktales, Myths and Legends on Sculptors of South India
    Folktales, Myths and Legends on Sculptors of South India Balakrishna B.M. Hosangadi, Kannur University, India The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract History speaks on sculptures and silent on sculptors; whereas folktales take contradictory position towards this phenomenon. The folktales, Myths and legends on sculptors of south India narrate the dark shades of the life of sculptors. The present paper is intended to explore the tales from south India and hypothetically propose the four processes occurring in the narration of these stories: 1. Demonisation 2.Suppression 3.Marginalisation 4.Devaluation. So far, intensive studies have been carried out on the South Indian sculptures in scholarly texts. The major works have concentrated on the aesthetic elements of the sculptures rather than sculptors. So, finding the colossal void, present paper would discuss the narration. The paper is confined to the mythology of Thvastr-Vishwaroopa in Sanskrit and legends of Jakkana - Dankana in Kannada, Shambhu Kalkuda - Beera Kalkuda in Tulu, Raman Perunthacchan-Kannan Perunthacchan in Malayalam. These are the major mythological and legendary characters. The paper would use folktales, Myths and legends as primary sources and history works as secondary sources and it also would examine the adaptations of the folktales into theatrical, performing art form and cinematic works. A fraction between the history and the legend is observed: historians have started questioning the very existence of these legendary sculptors and at the same time, folklorists are placing the counter points. Reading the reflections over each other would provide the multiple layers of meanings. Keywords: Folktales on sculptors of south India, cultural study iafor The International Academic Forum www.iafor.org Introduction The irony of the history is in its selective narratives and total denial of the oral history on the grounds of evidences and plenty of questions are being raised against the historiography itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure 1B 18416
    Annexure 1 B List of taxpayers allotted to State having turnover of more than or equal to 1.5 Crore Sl.No Taxpayers Name GSTIN 1 BROTHERS OF ST.GABRIEL EDUCATION SOCIETY 36AAAAB0175C1ZE 2 BALAJI BEEDI PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED 36AAAAB7475M1ZC 3 CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 36AAAAC0268P1ZK 4 CO OPERATIVE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SOCIETY LTD 36AAAAC0346G1Z8 5 CENTRE FOR MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY 36AAAAC0801E1ZK 6 CYBER SPAZIO OWNERS WELFARE ASSOCIATION 36AAAAC5706G1Z2 7 DHANALAXMI DHANYA VITHANA RAITHU PARASPARA SAHAKARA PARIMITHA SANGHAM 36AAAAD2220N1ZZ 8 DSRB ASSOCIATES 36AAAAD7272Q1Z7 9 D S R EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY 36AAAAD7497D1ZN 10 DIRECTOR SAINIK WELFARE 36AAAAD9115E1Z2 11 GIRIJAN PRIMARY COOPE MARKETING SOCIETY LIMITED ADILABAD 36AAAAG4299E1ZO 12 GIRIJAN PRIMARY CO OP MARKETING SOCIETY LTD UTNOOR 36AAAAG4426D1Z5 13 GIRIJANA PRIMARY CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING SOCIETY LIMITED VENKATAPURAM 36AAAAG5461E1ZY 14 GANGA HITECH CITY 2 SOCIETY 36AAAAG6290R1Z2 15 GSK - VISHWA (JV) 36AAAAG8669E1ZI 16 HASSAN CO OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS SOCIETIES UNION LTD 36AAAAH0229B1ZF 17 HCC SEW MEIL JOINT VENTURE 36AAAAH3286Q1Z5 18 INDIAN FARMERS FERTILISER COOPERATIVE LIMITED 36AAAAI0050M1ZW 19 INDU FORTUNE FIELDS GARDENIA APARTMENT OWNERS ASSOCIATION 36AAAAI4338L1ZJ 20 INDUR INTIDEEPAM MUTUAL AIDED CO-OP THRIFT/CREDIT SOC FEDERATION LIMITED 36AAAAI5080P1ZA 21 INSURANCE INFORMATION BUREAU OF INDIA 36AAAAI6771M1Z8 22 INSTITUTE OF DEFENCE SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS 36AAAAI7233A1Z6 23 KARNATAKA CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCER\S FEDERATION
    [Show full text]
  • A Study Onthe Rashtrakuta Dynasty
    International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Vol (3) Issue (2) (2021) Page 297-299 International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Journal homepage: www.ijrpr.com ISSN 2582-7421 A Study on the Rashtrakuta Dynasty B. G. MATH Professor, Department of History, CMM arts, Science and Commerce College, Sindagi, India A B S T R A C T The Rashtrakuta Dynasty controlled pieces of South India from the eighth to the tenth century CE. At its peak, their realm remembered the advanced territory of Karnataka for its aggregate alongside parts of the current Indian provinces of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Their significance can be measured from the works of numerous Islamic explorers and researchers, particularly Al-Masudi and IbnKhordadbih (tenth century CE), who composed that the wide range of various rulers of India around then appealed to the Rashtrakutas as a higher force and prostrated themselves in respect before them, such was their impact and impression Keywords: Evaporator , Efficiency of system, Refrigerant used, COP of system. Performance of Evaporator. 1. Introduction The birthplace of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty has been a questionable subject and has been bantered absurd a very long time by students of history. The shifting perspectives fundamentally rotate around issues, for instance, the home of the most reliable antecedents of the archaic Rashtrakutas and the connection between the couple of Rashtrakuta lines that administered little realms in Northern and central India and the Deccan in the 6th century - seventh century. The beginning of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty has been a questionable subject and has been bantered ludicrous a long time by history specialists.
    [Show full text]
  • To Read/Download Judgment
    WWW.LIVELAW.IN Writ Petition No.8310/2019 (PIL) - 1 - HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH, BENCH AT INDORE Division Bench : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S. C. SHARMA AND HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SHAILENDRA SHUKLA Writ Petition No.8310/2019 (PIL) Aarsh Marg Seva Trust and Another Versus State of Madhya Pradesh and Others Counsel for the : Mr. Ashish S. Sharma, learned counsel for Parties the petitioners. Mr. Abhishek Tugnawat, learned Government Advocate for the respondents / State. Mr. Veer Kumar Jain, learned Senior Counsel with Ms. Vaishali Jain, learned counsel for the respondent No.6. Whether approved : Yes for reporting Law laid down : 1) Terapanthi is a sect of Jain religion, which carries out Jalabhishek to Jin Pratima, which is being performed since time immemorial by men in respect of idol of Bawangajaji (Tirthankar) only to ensure that the Rules of Brahmcharya are followed. The practice is integral to the temple and it is “essential religious practice” of the temple and in noway amounts to discrimination keeping in view Article 25 and 26 of the Constitution of India, which guarantees protection of the cherished liberties of faith, belief and worship to persons belonging to all religions in a secular polity. 2) Judicial review of religious practices ought not be undertaken, as the Court cannot impose its morality or rationality with respect to the form of worship of a deity. Doing so would negate the WWW.LIVELAW.IN Writ Petition No.8310/2019 (PIL) - 2 - freedom to practice one's religion according to one's faith and beliefs. It would amount to rationalising religion, faith and beliefs, which is outside the ken of Courts.
    [Show full text]
  • Manu V. Devadevan a Prehistory of Hinduism
    Manu V. Devadevan A Prehistory of Hinduism Manu V. Devadevan A Prehistory of Hinduism Managing Editor: Katarzyna Tempczyk Series Editor: Ishita Banerjee-Dube Language Editor: Wayne Smith Open Access Hinduism ISBN: 978-3-11-051736-1 e-ISBN: 978-3-11-051737-8 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. © 2016 Manu V. Devadevan Published by De Gruyter Open Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Managing Editor: Katarzyna Tempczyk Series Editor:Ishita Banerjee-Dube Language Editor: Wayne Smith www.degruyteropen.com Cover illustration: © Manu V. Devadevan In memory of U. R. Ananthamurthy Contents Acknowledgements VIII A Guide to Pronunciation of Diacritical Marks XI 1 Introduction 1 2 Indumauḷi’s Grief and the Making of Religious Identities 13 3 Forests of Learning and the Invention of Religious Traditions 43 4 Heredity, Genealogies, and the Advent of the New Monastery 80 5 Miracles, Ethicality, and the Great Divergence 112 6 Sainthood in Transition and the Crisis of Alienation 145 7 Epilogue 174 Bibliography 184 List of Tables 196 Index 197 Acknowledgements My parents, Kanakambika Antherjanam and Vishnu Namboodiri, were my first teachers. From them, I learnt to persevere, and to stay detached. This book would not have been possible without these fundamental lessons.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 South Indian Kingdoms
    Unit 4 South Indian Kingdoms Learning Objectives • To know the southern Indian states that emerged after the fall of the Mauryan Empire • To acquire information of the ruling dynasties such as Pallavas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas and their domains • To understand their contribution to society and culture with reference to literature, art and architecture • To become familiar with the artistic and architectural splendour of Mamallapuram shore temple, Ellora monuments and Elephanta cave temples South Indian Kingdoms control over the greater part of India in this period. By the early 7th century, synchronising with the Harsha’s reign in the north, the The Pallavas far south had come under the control of The Pallava kings ruled around the the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram. Pallava prosperous agrarian settlement and sovereignty included the domains of the important trade centre of Kanchipuram on Cholas and the Pandyas. The latter were the southeast coast of India. Kanchipuram then emerging as ruling dynasties in their was well known to Chinese and Roman respective river valley regions. Much of the merchants. From the flourishing trade centre central and eastern Deccan was under the of Kanchipuram, the later Pallavas extended Chalukyas of Badami (Vatapi), who were their sovereignty over all the Tamil-speaking then pushed away by the Rashtrakutas. regions during the 7th and 8th centuries. The medieval period in India was marked The central part of their kingdom, however, by thee mergence of regional centres of was Thondaimandalam, a large political power. There was no single imperial power region comprising northern parts of Tamil like Mauryas or Guptas who exercised Nadu and the adjoining Andhra districts.
    [Show full text]