MAHESH TUTORIALS Batch : SUBJECT : Social Science Date: 10Th Std

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MAHESH TUTORIALS Batch : SUBJECT : Social Science Date: 10Th Std SET - B GSEB MAHESH TUTORIALS Batch : SUBJECT : Social Science Date: 10th Std. Chapter # 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17 Marks : 100 Eng. Medium Model Answer Paper Time: 3 Hrs. 1. (C) Tana Riri Festival PART - A 2. (A) Materialistic heritage 3. (C) Ravindra Singh Bisht 4. (A) Pali 5. (C) Desert Soil 6. (B) Protected forest 7. (A) Organic farming 8. (B) 1882 9. (A) Robbery 10. (A) To allow other countries to trade in our country. 11. (D) 21.9% 12. (A) Mauryan 13. (C) Trumpet(Bhungal) 14. (B) Godavari and Krishna 15. (B) Rajtarangini 16. (D) Solitary resources 17. (A) Chilotro 18. (D) Gujarat 19. (A) four 20. (B) Market system 21. (A) 1972 22. (C) Goa 23. (C) Sapta Sindhu 24. (B) Jambur 25. (C) Thanjavur 26. (D) 1, 4, 3, 2 27. (A) India 28. (B) 3 29. (A) They can satisfy maximum demands 30. (C) Homeopathy 31. (A) Relative poor 32. (C) Shikhar 33. (A) National Park 34. (C) Harsha Charit 35. (A) Singing and playing are part of dramatic art. 36. (C) 20 to 30% 37. (D) 2030 38. (B) Bangladesh 39. (C) Individual 40. (C) 1991 41. (B) Rare 42. (D) Sabarmati 43. (B) Amir Khushro 44. (D) 264.04 crore tonnes 45. (C) America, Japan and England 46. (D) Mission Mangalam 47. (C) Andhra Pradesh - Khajuraho temples 48. (D) Bhakhra-Nangal, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagarjunsagar 49. (D) Sheikh Burhan was the teacher of Amir Khushro. 50. (A) Tea-slopy land containing Iron-Assam and West Bengal-leading exporter PART - B SECTION - A Answer the following questions : [2 marks] 10 1. Padhar dance is a popular dance style of Surendranagar region. ½ . The people of Padhar community dance with taal and laya of dandiya and ½ manjira. ½ . The dancers create scene like sea waves or like a ship moving on the sea waves. ½ . This type of dance is called Padhar dance. 2. Our motherland has bestowed us with rich and varied heritage. ½ . Knowledge of ‘Sat’, ‘Chit’ and ‘Anand’ are realized from Indian Culture. The values of Indian culture like non-violence and peace have been accepted and admired by the world. ½ . People right from the Indus - Valley civilization till today, have made our coun- try culturally rich and wealthy with their intellectuality, ability, talent and skill. ½ . Many scholars, thinkers, artists, sages, saints, scientist and historians have contributed to the growth and development of our culture. ½ OR 2. Some historians believe that negrate or Negrose are the most ancient inhabitants 1 of India. They came from Africa via Baluchistan to India. ½ . They were black having height of 4 to 5 feet and curly hair. ½ 3. There was an impact of Jainism on Kannada literature. Poet Pampa composed 'Adipuran' and Vikramarjun vijayant'. ½ . Poet Ponna composed 'Shantipuran' ½ . Poet Ranna composed 'Ajitnathpuran' and 'Gada Yudh'. ½ . The poet Pampa, the poet Ponna and the poet Ranna arc known as 'The Trio' of ½ Kannada literature. 4. To prevent soil erosion and to maintain its quality means soil conservation. ½ . The aim of soil conservation is to retain soil particles at their original place. If the soil is not conserved, there are chances of flood and risk against lives ½ and property. If the soil is not conserved, the upper layer of soil which is useful for agricul- ½ ture is destroyed. To stop all these, soil conservation is very necessary. ½ 5. Soil is a determining factor than climate for tobacco cultivation. ½ . Tobacco needs sandy loamy soil. ½ . It requires 20°C temperature. ½ . It needs 100 cms rainfall. Kheda district (Charotar region), Anand, Mehsana, Vadodara, Panchmahal dis- ½ tricts are known for the production of tobacco in Gujarat. SECTION - B Answer the following questions : [2 marks] 10 6. The functions of WTO are :- ½ . To set up a required structure for implementation of agreement related to multinational trade. ½ . It plays very important role in debate and negotiations for multinational trade. It encourages unbiased trade. ½ . WTO observes national policy of member countries and give them suggestion for improvement. ½ OR 6. Disadvantages of Liberalization are : . Monopoly could not be checked in spite of decrease in liberalization. ½ . Agriculture sector was neglected and only industrial sector got encourage- ment. ½ . There has been increase in income inequality. ½ . Foreign debt has increased due to increase in import and decrease in export. ½ 7. India is country with animal lover culture. Tiger, lion, elephant, rhino, leopard, foxes, bear, deer, sambar, rabbit, python, ½ snake, mongoose, lizard, porcupine like many such organisms are seen and found in India. ½ . Asian lions are found only in Gir forest of Gujarat in the entire world. Our religious belief has given a status of God-Goddesses’s vehicle to some ½ animals like tiger, peacock, alligators, eagles etc. Our national currency is highly valued by having the figures of four lions, horse and bull. ½ 8. Brihadishwar temple is situated at Thanjavur. This temple was built by the Chola king named RajaRaj Chola. ½ . So it is also known as Rajrajeshwar temple. ½ . This temple is about 200 feet high. ½ ½ . This is one of the biggest temples of ancient India. 9. Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada are Dravidian languages. ½ . Tamil is the oldest among them. ' Tamil literature is as old as the early centuries of Christian era. According to ancient traditions, three literary gatherings (Sangams) were held. Many sages and poets contributed in it. ½ . Sangam literature consists of themes like politics, war and love. The famous works of Sangam literature are : - 'Ettutokai (Composition of 8 poems) - Patthupattu (Collection of 10 songs) - Tolikappiyam (Grammar) ½ . Thiruvalluvar wrote the book 'Kural' which deals with many aspects of life and religion. 'Shilappadikaram and 'Manimekhalai' are some of the works of early Tamil ½ literature. 10. Leopard belongs to cat family. Leopard is found everywhere in India. ½ . Sometimes total black colour leopards are also seen. ½ . There are large number of leopards in the forests of Gujarat. ½ . Sometimes they come to human settlements. People know it as Cheetah due to misunderstanding and absence of knowl- ½ edge. SECTION - C Answer the following questions : [3 marks] 15 11. Rain water harvesting : . Rain water harvesting is a technique for conservation of water. It is done to increase the ground water. ½ . For rain water harvesting, special methods are used to collect rain water in wells, small dams, ponds, khet talavadi (farm ponds), etc. This raises the ground water level. This water is then used for domestic use and agriculture. ½ Main objectives of rain water harvesting : . To increase the capacity to conserve the ground water and increase the under- ground water table ½ . Reduce water pollution. Improve the quality of ground water . To save the land routes from water logging. Reduce the surface run-off of water ½ . Fulfill the requirement of domestic water requirements during summer and during long dry spells. ½ . Fulfill the increasing demand of water. Make arrangement to store rain water in underground tanks in multistory residence in large cities or to make arrangement so that the water percolates ½ In the ground. 12. The remains of Dholaveera were discovered 2 km away from Dholaveera village ½ at Khadirbet in Bhachau taluka of Kutch. The excavation work of Dholaveera was carried out in 1990 under the guid- ½ ance of Ravindra Singh Bisht. The forts, palaces and walls of Dholaveera town were painted with white colour. ½ . There was fortified wall encirclin the town. ½ . The wall was made up of clay, stone and bricks. ½ . There was a wonderful arrangement for pure and filtered water. ½ OR 12. These caves are situated in Talaja mountain of Bhavnagar district. ½ . It is also known as "Taaldhwajgiti''. ½ . There are 30 caves. ½ . Ebhal Mandep (Sabbakhand) and Chaitya Gruh are the best examples of ½ sculpture and architecture point of view. ½ . The cave architecture of Buddhist religion belongs to the third century. ½ 13. Prevention of wildlife is necessary because many species of birds and animals are endangered and some species are on the verge of extinction or extincted. ½ . We should consider forests as a source of income so that we can save the natu- ral habitats of wildlife. We should maintain balance between the numbers of herbivores and the car- ½ nivores animals in the forest. For that, we should maintain water sources in the forests and restrict grazing of domestic animals. ½ . Strict laws against hunting should be framed and they should be implemented strictly. Illegal mining and cutting of trees should be stopped and for that, heavy pun- ishment and fine should be imposed. ½ . Proper arrangements during their procreative period should be made so that they would not be disturbed. We should make sure that activities like fishing, forest-product gathering, tour- ism in forest do not create adverse effect on wildlife ½ . We should arrange programmes about preservation of wildlife to bring aware- ness in the society. If the wildlife protection force is inactive, then pressure should be brought on ½ them and this work should be given priority. 14. It is an economy where private and public sector coexist . They both are complementary to each other rather than competitor. ½ Main Features . Both government and private sector owns resources and both take part in eco- ½ nomic activities. Private sector produces commodities to get profit where as government sector ½ either to social welfare or give facilities to private sector. Private sector take their own decision according to government laws. ½ . There is control on government on wastage of resources and monopoly. Government can control production of luxurious commodities by levying heavy taxes on them. ½ . In mixed economy country tries to take advantage of both system i.e. Market system and Socialist system and minimize the drawbacks of it. ½ 15. Wheat is the second most important crop of our country after Paddy. ½ . About 2/3 of the total production of wheat is obtained from Punjab, Haryana ½ and Western Uttar Pradesh.
Recommended publications
  • Unit 10 Emergence of Rashtrakutas*
    History of India from C. 300 C.E. to 1206 UNIT 10 EMERGENCE OF RASHTRAKUTAS* Structure 10.0 Objectives 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Historical Backgrounds of the Empire 10.3 The Rashtrakuta Empire 10.4 Disintegration of the Empire 10.5 Administration 10.6 Polity, Society, Religion, Literature 10.7 Summary 10.8 Key Words 10.9 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 10.10 Suggested Readings 10.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit, we will discuss about the origin and emergence of the Rashtrakutas and the formation of Rashtrakuta empire. Later, we will also explore the organization and nature of Rashtrakuta state with social, religious, educational, cultural achievements during the Rashtrakutas. After studying the Unit, you will be able to learn about: major and minor kingdoms that were ruling over different territories of south India between 8th and 11th centuries; emergence of the Rashtrakutas as a dominant power in Deccan; the process of the formation of Rashtrakuta empire and contributions of different kings; the nature of early medieval polity and administration in the Deccan; significant components of the feudal political structure such as ideological bases, bureaucracy, military, control mechanism, villages etc.; and social, religious, educational, architectural and cultural developments within the Rashtrakuta empire. 10.1 INTRODUCTION India witnessed three powerful kingdoms between c. 750 and 1000 CE: Pala empire, Pratihara empire and Rashtrakuta empire in south India. These kingdoms fought each other to establish their respective hegemony which was the trend of early medieval India. Historian Noboru Karashima treats the empire as a new type of state, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Major dynasties of south India (753 – 1300 ce) Module Id I C/ OIH/ 17 Pre requisites Knowledge in the political history of South India Objectives To study the history of major dynasties of South India and their contribution to Indian Culture Keywords Rashtrakutas / Chalukyas of Kalyani / Yadavas/ Kakatiya / Hoysala/ Pandya E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Introduction The Political History of Deccan between 753 – 1300 CE was marked by the ascendency of the Rashtrakutas of Manyaketa, emergence of Chola power, the Chalukyas of Kalyani and their subordinates. One of the kingdoms that rose to power on the ruins of the Chaluykas of Badami was the Rashtrakutas. Later, the country south of Tungabhadra was united as one state for nearly two centuries under Cholas of Tanjore and Chalukyas of Kalyani. Towards the close of the twelfth century, the two major powers-the Cholas and Chalukyas of Kalyani had became thoroughly exhausted by their conflicts and were on their decline. Their subordinate powers were started to show their new vigor and were ready to take advantage of the weakening of their suzerains and proclaimed independence. The Yadavas of Devagiri, the Kakatiyas of Warangal, the Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra and the Pandyas of Madurai constitute important political forces during 12th and 13th Centuries. 2. Topic I : Rashtrakutas (753 to 973 CE) Rashtrakutas were the important dynasty ruling over large parts of the Indian Subcontinent for 220 years from 753 to 973 CE with their capital from Manyakheta (Malkhed in Gulbarga district).
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure 1B 18416
    Annexure 1 B List of taxpayers allotted to State having turnover of more than or equal to 1.5 Crore Sl.No Taxpayers Name GSTIN 1 BROTHERS OF ST.GABRIEL EDUCATION SOCIETY 36AAAAB0175C1ZE 2 BALAJI BEEDI PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED 36AAAAB7475M1ZC 3 CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 36AAAAC0268P1ZK 4 CO OPERATIVE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SOCIETY LTD 36AAAAC0346G1Z8 5 CENTRE FOR MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY 36AAAAC0801E1ZK 6 CYBER SPAZIO OWNERS WELFARE ASSOCIATION 36AAAAC5706G1Z2 7 DHANALAXMI DHANYA VITHANA RAITHU PARASPARA SAHAKARA PARIMITHA SANGHAM 36AAAAD2220N1ZZ 8 DSRB ASSOCIATES 36AAAAD7272Q1Z7 9 D S R EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY 36AAAAD7497D1ZN 10 DIRECTOR SAINIK WELFARE 36AAAAD9115E1Z2 11 GIRIJAN PRIMARY COOPE MARKETING SOCIETY LIMITED ADILABAD 36AAAAG4299E1ZO 12 GIRIJAN PRIMARY CO OP MARKETING SOCIETY LTD UTNOOR 36AAAAG4426D1Z5 13 GIRIJANA PRIMARY CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING SOCIETY LIMITED VENKATAPURAM 36AAAAG5461E1ZY 14 GANGA HITECH CITY 2 SOCIETY 36AAAAG6290R1Z2 15 GSK - VISHWA (JV) 36AAAAG8669E1ZI 16 HASSAN CO OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS SOCIETIES UNION LTD 36AAAAH0229B1ZF 17 HCC SEW MEIL JOINT VENTURE 36AAAAH3286Q1Z5 18 INDIAN FARMERS FERTILISER COOPERATIVE LIMITED 36AAAAI0050M1ZW 19 INDU FORTUNE FIELDS GARDENIA APARTMENT OWNERS ASSOCIATION 36AAAAI4338L1ZJ 20 INDUR INTIDEEPAM MUTUAL AIDED CO-OP THRIFT/CREDIT SOC FEDERATION LIMITED 36AAAAI5080P1ZA 21 INSURANCE INFORMATION BUREAU OF INDIA 36AAAAI6771M1Z8 22 INSTITUTE OF DEFENCE SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS 36AAAAI7233A1Z6 23 KARNATAKA CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCER\S FEDERATION
    [Show full text]
  • A Study Onthe Rashtrakuta Dynasty
    International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Vol (3) Issue (2) (2021) Page 297-299 International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Journal homepage: www.ijrpr.com ISSN 2582-7421 A Study on the Rashtrakuta Dynasty B. G. MATH Professor, Department of History, CMM arts, Science and Commerce College, Sindagi, India A B S T R A C T The Rashtrakuta Dynasty controlled pieces of South India from the eighth to the tenth century CE. At its peak, their realm remembered the advanced territory of Karnataka for its aggregate alongside parts of the current Indian provinces of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Their significance can be measured from the works of numerous Islamic explorers and researchers, particularly Al-Masudi and IbnKhordadbih (tenth century CE), who composed that the wide range of various rulers of India around then appealed to the Rashtrakutas as a higher force and prostrated themselves in respect before them, such was their impact and impression Keywords: Evaporator , Efficiency of system, Refrigerant used, COP of system. Performance of Evaporator. 1. Introduction The birthplace of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty has been a questionable subject and has been bantered absurd a very long time by students of history. The shifting perspectives fundamentally rotate around issues, for instance, the home of the most reliable antecedents of the archaic Rashtrakutas and the connection between the couple of Rashtrakuta lines that administered little realms in Northern and central India and the Deccan in the 6th century - seventh century. The beginning of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty has been a questionable subject and has been bantered ludicrous a long time by history specialists.
    [Show full text]
  • Manu V. Devadevan a Prehistory of Hinduism
    Manu V. Devadevan A Prehistory of Hinduism Manu V. Devadevan A Prehistory of Hinduism Managing Editor: Katarzyna Tempczyk Series Editor: Ishita Banerjee-Dube Language Editor: Wayne Smith Open Access Hinduism ISBN: 978-3-11-051736-1 e-ISBN: 978-3-11-051737-8 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. © 2016 Manu V. Devadevan Published by De Gruyter Open Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Managing Editor: Katarzyna Tempczyk Series Editor:Ishita Banerjee-Dube Language Editor: Wayne Smith www.degruyteropen.com Cover illustration: © Manu V. Devadevan In memory of U. R. Ananthamurthy Contents Acknowledgements VIII A Guide to Pronunciation of Diacritical Marks XI 1 Introduction 1 2 Indumauḷi’s Grief and the Making of Religious Identities 13 3 Forests of Learning and the Invention of Religious Traditions 43 4 Heredity, Genealogies, and the Advent of the New Monastery 80 5 Miracles, Ethicality, and the Great Divergence 112 6 Sainthood in Transition and the Crisis of Alienation 145 7 Epilogue 174 Bibliography 184 List of Tables 196 Index 197 Acknowledgements My parents, Kanakambika Antherjanam and Vishnu Namboodiri, were my first teachers. From them, I learnt to persevere, and to stay detached. This book would not have been possible without these fundamental lessons.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 South Indian Kingdoms
    Unit 4 South Indian Kingdoms Learning Objectives • To know the southern Indian states that emerged after the fall of the Mauryan Empire • To acquire information of the ruling dynasties such as Pallavas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas and their domains • To understand their contribution to society and culture with reference to literature, art and architecture • To become familiar with the artistic and architectural splendour of Mamallapuram shore temple, Ellora monuments and Elephanta cave temples South Indian Kingdoms control over the greater part of India in this period. By the early 7th century, synchronising with the Harsha’s reign in the north, the The Pallavas far south had come under the control of The Pallava kings ruled around the the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram. Pallava prosperous agrarian settlement and sovereignty included the domains of the important trade centre of Kanchipuram on Cholas and the Pandyas. The latter were the southeast coast of India. Kanchipuram then emerging as ruling dynasties in their was well known to Chinese and Roman respective river valley regions. Much of the merchants. From the flourishing trade centre central and eastern Deccan was under the of Kanchipuram, the later Pallavas extended Chalukyas of Badami (Vatapi), who were their sovereignty over all the Tamil-speaking then pushed away by the Rashtrakutas. regions during the 7th and 8th centuries. The medieval period in India was marked The central part of their kingdom, however, by thee mergence of regional centres of was Thondaimandalam, a large political power. There was no single imperial power region comprising northern parts of Tamil like Mauryas or Guptas who exercised Nadu and the adjoining Andhra districts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book Was Drenched
    THE BOOK WAS DRENCHED TEXT CROSS WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY TEXT LITE WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY < c W ^ fc ^ B]<OU 168462 5m > Ct nn TI 7 99 i _l J Major His Highness Raj Rajeshwar 5ramad Rajai Hind Maharajadhiraj Sri Sir Umaid Singhji Sahib Bahadur, G.C.I.E., K. C.S.I., K.CV.O., Maharaja of Jodhpur. HISTORY OF^THE RASHTRAKUTAS (RATHODAS) (From the beginning to the migration of Rao Siha ioicards Maricar.) HISTORY OF THE RASHTRAKUTAS. (RATHODAS) From th bcfinninff to the migration of Rao Stha towardi Marwar, BY PANDIT BISHESHWAR NATH REU, Superintendent, AHCH^OLOGICAL DEPARTMENT & SUMER PUBLIC LIBKAKV, JODHPUR. JODHPUR: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAU DEPARTMENT. 1933. Published orders of the Jodhpur Darbar. FIRST EDITION Price Rs. :2'i- Jodhjr.tr: Printed at the Marwar State Press PREFACE. This volume contains the history of the early RSshtrakutas (Rathotfas) and their well-known branch, the Gahatfavalas of Kanauj up to the third-quarter of the 13th century of Vikrama era, that is, up to the migration of Rao Slha towards Marwar. In the absence of any written account of the rulers of this dynasty, the history is based on its copper plates, inscriptions and coins hitherto discovered. Sanskrit, Arabic and English 1 works, which throw some light on the history of this dynasty, however meagre, have also been referred to. Though the material thus gathered is not much, yet what is known is sufficient to prove that some of the kings of this dynasty were most powerful rulers of their time. Further, some of them, besides being the patrons of art and literature, were themselves good scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • Rol Aug 2015 Dr. Subhaschandra Doddamani
    Reviews of Literature Impact Factor : 1.4716(UIF) ISSN 2347-2723 Volume - 2 | Issue - 1 | Aug - 2015 ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF RASHTRA KUTA DYNASTY Dr. Subhaschandra Doddamani Lecturer in History ABSTRACT he Rashtrakutas who managed the deccan from Manyakheta, Gulbarga region, Karnataka in the Tperiod AD 753 - 973 constructed a portion of the finest dravidian landmarks at Ellora (the Kailasanatha sanctuary), in the stone cut engineering Development. Some other fine landmarks are the Jaina Narayana sanctuary at Pattadakal and the Navalinga sanctuaries at Kuknur in Karnataka. The Rashtrakutas contributed much to the way of life of the Deccan. The Rashtrakuta commitments to craftsmanship and engineering are reflected in the breathtaking rock-cut hallowed places at Ellora and Elephanta58, arranged in present day Mahárashtra. It is said that they out and out built 34 rock-cut hallowed places, yet most broad and extravagant of every one of them is the Kailasanatha sanctuary at Ellora. The sanctuary is an unbelievable accomplishment of Dravidian workmanship. The dividers of the sanctuary have radiant figures from Hindu mythology including Ravana, Úhiva and Parvathi while the roofs have depictions. KEYWORDS :Rashtra Kuta Dynasty , Hindu mythology , Art and Architecture . INTRODUCTION : Rashtrakuta was an illustrious line controlling expansive parts of the Indian Subcontinent between the 6th and tenth hundreds of years. The soonest known Rashtrakuta engraving is a seventh century copper plate award enumerating their guideline from Manapura, a city in Central or West India. Other decision Rashtrakuta factions from the same time frame said in engravings were the rulers of Achalapur (present day Elichpur in Maharashtra) and the leaders of Kannauj.
    [Show full text]
  • Forgetting Prakrit
    7 Forgetting Prakrit sakkaya vānī buhaana bhāvaï pāua rasa ko mamma na pāvaï | desila vayanā saba jana miṭṭhā teṃ taisana jaṃpaü avahaṭṭhā || —Vidyāpati, Vine of Glory (Kīrtilatā)1 SUMMARY The previous chapters have examined Prakrit’s position in the language order of India. I argued that Prakrit was not the endless stream of popular language: it referred to a specific set of language practices the beginnings of which we can locate, more or less, to the first century ce. It was around this time that a new kind of textuality emerged—kāvya or kavva—which was self-consciously expressive, in which the way something was said mattered just as much as what was said. This was a centuries-long process rather than a single historical event, and the impossibility of producing a precise time line has frustrated attempts to find a single “beginning” for the massive and diverse tradition of kāvya. Nevertheless, as chapters 2 and 3 have argued, the language practices of the Sātavāhana court had an enormous impact on the history of kāvya and on the shape of the classical lan- guage order. The inscriptions of the Sātavāhanas show that they created a language of power and were subsequently engaged in a long contest over what languages in particular would fulfill that role. They consistently, although not without -ex ception, represented themselves in an expressive Middle Indic, and this language defined their cultural politics for centuries, even after their empire came to an end. The literarization of political discourse we see in the inscriptions of the Sātavāhana era is contemporaneous with the emergence of a literary culture or- ganized around the production and appreciation of kāvya.
    [Show full text]
  • Course: Kannada Semester III & IV
    AC‐ 19‐3‐2012 Item No. 4.7 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Revised Syllabus for the S.Y.B.A. Program: B.A. Course: Kannada Semester III & IV (As per Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2012–2013) Revised syllabus for Papers ‐ 2 and 3 at S.Y.B.A degree, in the subject of Kannada from Academic 2012‐2013 onwards. KANNADA Paper‐2‐Text [Marks 60 ] History of Kannada Literature 1. Kannada Sahityada itihasa : R.S. Mugali. Ushasahitya mala. Mysore. 2010. Reference 1. Kannada Sahitya charitre. Mysore University. 1990. 2. Samagra Kannada Sahitya charitre. Bangalore University. 2000. 3. Kannada Sahitya Sangathi. K. D.Kurtukoti. Kannada University.2005. 4. Hosagannada Sahitya charitre. L.S. Sheshagirirao. Bangalore University. 2000. KANNADA Paper‐3‐Text [Marks 60] Cultural History of Karnataka 1. Karnataka Samskrutika Parampare. R.S. Mugali. Usha Sahitya male. Mysore. 2000. Reference 1. Karnataka Samskruti Samikshe. Dr. H. Tipperudraswamy. Mysore University. 1980. 2. Karnataka Samskrutika Parampare. Karnataka Govt. Bangalore. 2000. 3. Karnataka Samskruti. Devudu. Kannada Sahitya Parishad. Bangalore. 2000. 4. Samskruti. DVG. Directorate of Kannada & Culture. Karnataka Govt. 2010. S.Y.B.A. PAPER ‐ II ‐ KANNADA SEMSTER –III [Total No. of Lectures: 45] UNIT ‐I: INTRODUCTION TO KANNADA LITERATURE CLASSIFICATION OF LITERATURE ANCIENT KANNADA LITERATURE 10 LECTURES UNIT ‐II KANNADA LITERATURE OF 10TH CENTURY INTRODUCTION TO PAMPA, PONNA, RANNA AND THEIR WORKS 10 LECTURES UNIT‐ III‐ 12TH CENTURY KANNADA LITERATURE INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Jainism on Early Kannada Literature Sheldon Pollock’S Work Language of Gods
    International Journal of Jaina Studies (Online) Vol. 15, No. 2 (2019) 1-24 THE INFLUENCE OF JAINISM ON EARLY KANNADA LITERATURE SHELDON POLLOCK’S WORK LANGUAGE OF GODS Hampa Nagarajaiah (Hampana) Preamble Kannada, a Dravidian language, is one of the ancient and important literary languages in India. It has a script of its own and has a population of about sixty million. It had branched off from the Proto-Dravidian Family of languages in around sixth century BC, and had become a written language by the beginning of current era. The history of Kannada language and literature is very vast, varied and encompasses a variety of genres. Regrettably, its salient features were not properly and systematically introduced outside the Kannada world. Such an objective account remained a desideratum for a long time. To address the issue some attempts were made by Ferdinand Kittel (1832-1903), E.P. Rice (1849-1936) and B.L. Rice (1837-1927). B.L. Rice (1898) was the first to edit the epic Vikramārjunavijaya of poet Pampa (901-950), and write an article in English about the epic, as early as in 1882. His brother, E.P. Rice (1921) wrote The Kanarese Literature, the earliest book in English on the Kannada Literature. He wrote in the concluding paragraphs: “I am afraid it must be confessed that Kanarese writers, highly skilful though they are in the manipulation of their language, and very pleasing to listen to in the original, have as yet contributed extremely little to the stock of the world’s knowledge and inspiration [...]. There is little of original and imperishable thought on the question of perennial interest to man [...].
    [Show full text]
  • THE RASHTRAKUTAS Part-4
    B.A. (HISTORY) PART -2 PAPER-3 DR. MD.NEYAZ HUSSAIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD PG DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MAHARAJA COLLEGE, VKSU , ARA (BIHAR) Religion and Literature They were great patrons of literature and religion. The three main religions flourished during this period are Brahminism, Jainism and Buddhism. The opening verse in the Rashtrakuta copper plates pays homage to both Siva and Vishnu. The Rashtrakuta seals contained either the Eagle or the Garuda. Later king leaned towards Jainism. Jainism was highly popular Tolerance was the keynote of the Rashtrakuta rulers. There was complete harmony among the adherents of different religions. Magnificent temples were erected and endowments were granted by the Rashtrakuta rulers. In the field of literature the contribution of the Rashtrakuta is at once rich and many sided. This period witnessed the beginning of Kannada literature. The earliest Kannada literature can only be traced from the Rashtrakuta period . According to Kavirajmarga, written by Amoghavarsa, Vimaladoya, Nagarjuna, Jayabandhu, Durvinita and others were notable Kannada prose writers. Among the poets Kavisara, Pandita, Chandra and Lokapala are named as most admired. Asasa, the author of Vardhamanacharita, Guanvarma the author of Neminathpurana and Gunanandi were living in this period. Harisena, the spiritual preceptor of Amoghavarsa composed the Harivansa. Krishna III was a liberal patron of literature. In his court flourished many great Kannada poets-Pampa- Ponna and Chavudraya. Chavudraya has written a prose work Chavudrayapurana. Pampa wrote Adipurana. The poet laureate of the time was Ponna who wrote Santipurana for which he received the title Ubhaya Kavichakravartin . Sanskrit literature also flourished to a great extent Sakatayana was an eminent scholar in Saskrit and he was the author of Savdanusasana.
    [Show full text]