AN EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATION OF THE HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Special A warcl Votecl

For Shell Show Display by PHIL CLOVER The Board of Directors of the Hawaiian "I'm going to visit next year," a friend Malacological Society voted a Special HMS said during my recent visit to Honolulu for the Award for Scientific Excellence to Chris Grace HMS Shell Show. "Where are some good places of Honolulu for his entry in the 1975 Shell to himt for shells?" Show. The trophy was in lieu of the Smithsonian Relatively few non-Japanese shellers have Institution Award, which was not given this had an opportunity to cover Japan well. Thanks to the U.S. Navy, my family and I spent four year. Chris' display, a well-thought-out demonstra- years at a communications base near Tokyo, tion of distortions, melanism and genetic from where we explored many of the beaches changes in cowries, was singled out by the and bays of Eastern Japan, and travelled from' judges for its excellence. It was not eligible for bleak Hokkaido on the north to semitropical the Smithsonian Award, however, since its pri- Okinawa far to the southwest. mary theme was not Hawaiian molluska. Shells were a passport to many Japanese It was a worldwide entry and not a Hawaiian, homes. I met many collectors, exchanged speci- as the precepts require. mens and opinions with them, and even assisted "There is no question that Chris made the one in publication of a book on worldwide single most significant contribution to the Shell shells. So I didn't hesitate to put down my ideas Show," HMS president Olive Schoenberg told of good shelling places in Japan. the board. "This was evident from the public re- (I told my friend, and I repeat it, that my ex- action to his display, as well as the judges' vote." perience was in the early 1960s. Some things In addition to the results listed in HSN last will be different now, of course. But I suspect This shop at Enoshima offered worldwide and month, the Virginia Dennis Prize - a shell that the places that were productive ten or fif- Japanese shells. painting - was awarded to George and Diane teen years ago still have desirable shells if you Donner of Maui for their display of crabbed have time and facilities for hunting them. Read coast, however - Hachinohe, Miyako, Kesen- shells brought up in traps from deep water off Charles Cardin's report on page 11.) numa and Shiogama, for example. I never had Windward Oahu. First off, I would say that the beaches north an opportunity to do that, but suspect that there In the adult novice class, Steve Carr of Hono- of Tokyo are generally a waste of time unless would be some interesting finds in the bustling lulu received a first-place ribbon. you seek cold-water species. Hokkaido weather fish markets. is Siberian most of the year. Some rare cold- As you approach the entrance of Tokyo Bay, water Fulgoraria kaneko, F. elongatus and F. the sea becomes warmer, and shells from the Welcome to 1976 smithi are trawled, however, as well as many Indo-Pacific provinces begin to appear. Tokyo species of the Buccinidae. Bay is guarded by the Boso peninsula {Chiba Officers of the Hawaiian Malacological The northern end of Honshu, Japan's "Main Prefecture I on the east and the Miura penin- Society, and particularly the staff of Hawaiian island," is much the same. It might be worth sula {Yokosuka) on the west. The bay itself is Shell News, extend best wishes for the holiday while to visit some of the fishing ports along the dead from pollution, but it was once productive. season to all 1,480 members. Postal service The very rare beyrichii Hilgen- being what it is, the seasonmay be Easter by the dorf, 1877 was found there. time this arrives, but we are thinking of you! Miura peninsula, lying between Tokyo and This is the last issue of Hawaiian Shell News Sagami bays, is fringed with many good reefs. of the 1975 membership year. The January More than twenty species of Cypraea have been 1976 issue will be mailed only to those whose found there, including C. artufelli Jousseaume, renewals reach the HMS office by about Jan- f876 a subspecies of C. clandestina Linne, uary 5. Late renewals probably won't get their 1767. About ten species each of cones, Primo- January HSN until the February mailing. So if vula, Mitra and Murex are known. Dredging in you haven't already returned your membership Sagami bay off the Miura peninsula used to be renewal form, do it at once. very productive of rare shells, including, as I re- If in doubt about the amount of the 1976 call, Conus tuberculosa Tomlin, 1937. dues, look in the first column of page two. The shore at Atami was rocky but productive. ICont'd on Page 51 Page 2 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS December. 1975

~a«.taitale Sleett 1te«A4- REEFCOMBINGS Editor Emeritus E. R. CROSS If all goes well, a detailed index of the con- founded in 1931 and "dedicated to the study of Editor STUART LlLLlCO the morphology, shells, systematics, ecology, life Associate Editor RUTH FAIR tents of Hawaiian Shell News for 1975 will be Science Advisor E. ALISON KAY distributed to all 1975 members soon after the histories, geographic distribution and many Science Consultant other aspects of the Phylum Mollusca" - is WALTER O. CERNOHORSKY first of the year. The "all" that must go well is Editorial Staff! the sale of enough advertising in the index to looking for new members. It's a great and useful Elmer G. Leehman, Lyman Higa, Beatrice Burch, Charles Wolfe cover the basic cost. organization, and HSN is quick to support the Corresponding Editors: The 1974 Index was successful within limits. drive. Many HMS members already belong to Dr. J. C. Astary, A. G. Hamlyn-Harris, Fr. AI Lopez S.J., Rick Luther, William E. About 300 copies were sold for one dollar each. AMU, of course. Others who take their hobby Old Jr., Peter van Pel, Thora Whitehead HMS Director George Cummings, who did the seriously would be wise to sign up. Annual dues HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY work last year, is preparing the 1975 index. If are seven dollars in the Western Hemisphere, (Founded in 1941) P. O. Box 10391 Honolulu, Hawaii 96816 mechanical and financial hurdles can be $8.50 elsewhere, plus an entrance fee of $1.50 The Society meets the first Wednesday of cleared, the Society hopes to issue a cumulative in either case. each month at the First United Methodist index for 1970-1971-1972-1973. More on that Make your check payable to the American Church, 1020 S. Beretania St., Honolulu at Malacological Union, and mail it to Mrs. Hollis 7:30 p.m. later. VISITORS WELCOME! + + + Boone, Recording Secretary, 3706 Rice Boule- Hawaiian Shell News is issued free to mem- bers of the Society. Postage rates have been During a recentvisit to Hawaii to participate vard, Houston, Texas 77005. Or ask her for '" computed and added to membership dues. more information on the AMU. Single copies of any issue, $1.00, postage in the HMS Shell Show (where one of his shells included. Individual copies of any issue may received the worldwide Shell of the Show + + + be obtained, free of charge, by qualified individuals for bona fide research projects. ribbon I Lawrence Thomas of Morro Bay, Cali- During his state visit to the United States the HMS DUES FOR1976 fornia reported a discouraging development in Emperor of Japan, an accomplished scholar of U.S. addresses, including Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, American Samoa, South Africa. The owners of certain trawling and a renowned shell collector, APO, FPO and all others using paid a formal visit to the Smithsonian Insti- U.S. Zip Codes $12.00 vessels there, he said, have issued an absolute Airmail delivery to the above, prohibition against taking any shells from a tution '- Museum of Natural History in plus Canada and Mexico $15.00 Non-U.S. addresses trawl net. All must be dumped back into the Washingson, D.C., reports the National Capital As "printed matter" $13.50 ocean. A skipper or any member of a crew Shell Club Newsletter with ill-disguised pride. As "Ietter mail" (recommended) $16.00 Airmail delivery $20.00 caught trying to salvage shells or to sell them on Several NCSC members were involved in the Articles of interest to shell collectors are arrival in port is summarily fired. visit. solicited. "He met with Dr. Joseph Rosewater, Advertisements are accepted at the rate The reason is not conservation, as one might of US$15 per column-inch! issue. Discounts expect, but business efficiency. For several Curator, Division of Mollusks, and Dr. are offered for six and twelve insertions. Write to the Corresponding Secretary for years, sales of deep-water shells occasionally Frederick Bayer, Curator of Invertebrate Zoo- information. brought up in the trawl nets have been a logy at the Museum of Natural History," the cherished source of extra income for crew mem- Newsletter goes on. HMS November Meeting bers, as well as the only source of a number of "One attraction was the Mikadotrochus, An estimated eighty-five Hawaii members of rare species. According to Thomas, however, commonly known as the Emperor's slit shell. This deepwater specimen is found off Japan. He the Society, plus a handful of visitors from the ships and crews were spending more time look- was also shown some rare, delicate Neopilina Mainland, participated in the HMS annual gen- ing for shells than for shrimps and prawns - from the deepest trenches of the ocean, and eral meeting on November 5. which, after all, is what makes money for the some hydroids. He has a particular interest in Wes Thorsson, chairman of the nominating owners. committee, presented the slate of names drawn + + + the latter, having published several scientific up and announced in October. Additional nomi- A facsimile reprint of the entire Volume II of papers about them. nations from the floor were requested. There be- lohnsonia, the continuing series of monographs "The emperor seemed greatly to enjoy ing none, the slate was approved. on the marine molluska, of the Western Atlan- himself. Before leaving the museum he was pre- The new officers - Charles S. Wolfe, presi- tic, is being issued by the Department of Mol- sented with an Entemnotrochus adansonia- dent; Dr. Don Grace, vice president; Wes lusks, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- nus Crosse and Fischer, 1861, a rare slit shell Thorsson, treasurer; Len Hill, recording secre- vard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138. The from the Caribbean." tary; and Mrs. Inkie Shields; Randy Stevens, soft-cover edition (81;2 by 11 inchesl costs $25 + + + An unfortunate typographical error crept into John Earle and Rich Salisbury, elected direc- plus fifty cents for postage and handling. tors - will take office January 1. Four addi- A special twenty per cent discount is offered the profile of Rear Admiral Bitler {HSN Oct. 19751. He was graduated from the Naval Acad- tional directors will be named by the presid~nt to those who order before December 31, 1975. emy in 1922, and then received a Master of and announced later. At its discretion, the + + + Science degree from Columbia University in Board of Directors can designate two more. Speaking of book orders, HSN editors The program for the evening was a slide talk couldn't help being impressed by the results 1930. A lost line of type changed the meaning. by Phil Clover on a visit to Dakar, Senegal, the Associate Editor Ruth Fair got from the recent + + + home (as he discovered when he started working ad for her forthcoming Murex Book. Within R. N. Kilburn, director of the Natal (South the shoreline) of Conus mercator. the first week, she reported, she had enough Mrica) Museum, recently publisheda descrip- Phil also showed slides of a day-long trip up orders (accompanied by checks I to repay the tion of a new cowry, which he nanIed Cypraea one of the coastal rivers to find the habitat of a cost of the advertisement. Now she has sold (Nesiocypraea) lisetae for Mrs. Lisete Fer- Marginella species that appeared in local nearly one quarter of the first printing of 2000. nandez,wife of HMS memberC. P. Fernandez markets in the form of shell necklaces. Village + + + of LaurencoMarques, MozanIbique.The new women waded out into the shallow river and The American Malacological Union - an species is believed to be closely related to scooped UP the shells in baskets. international nonprofit scientific society C. midwayensis Azuma and Kurohara,11967.~ December. 1975 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS Page 3

What makes a good shell show really great? pitality, preparation of show rules, and selection the exhibitor response. In the aftermath of the successful 1975 HMS of judges. However enthusiastic some members may be, show (HSN November 19751, spokesmen for three different points of view were asked to offer Long before the show doors open, the display it is not easy to get a lot of good displays. A advice to the Society and to other groups plan- cases must be checked for condition. Broken popular club member should be made respon- ning such events. glass must be replaced, cleaning and painting sible for soliciting entries, both local and from In this issue Elmer Leehman writes from his done, and preparations made for moving them. onto()f-town. There are always some who dilly- experience as chairman of the committee that mounted the memorable HMS 1972 show. In If a club does not own cases, they must some- dally until too late, if not pushed. Others must coming months HSN hopes to hear from Lee how be procured. Perhaps they can be borrowed be convinced that they have something worth Armington, of Cleveland, writing as an ex- or rented from another organization. Occa- showing off. Some collectors are averse to perienced and successful exhibitor in shows all the way from Sanibel to Honolulu, and from sionally members make their own to an agreed publicity. Many need to confer with someoneon Twila Bratcher of Los Angeles, Terebra expert design. You may want to buy a set, using money content or emphasis. Working closely with other and veteran judge, who will tell what the judges from shell auctions or other sources. committee members, this "pusher" should seek look for. Other members of the Society are invited to HMS is fortunate in having a fine set of cases to establish a good balance among exhibits. contribute their wisdom (or their observations). donated by the late Mariel King. Others were One member of the committee must be in As Leehman notes below, there is no substitute given by Clifton Weaver. Cases represent a sub- charge of hospitality - welcoming visiting for actual experience in running a shell show, stantial investment for any club. They must be exhibitors and members, and making sure they but the next best thing is the sincere advice of others who have done it. maintained and stored between shows - often are introduced around. Some may ask you t9 at some expense. find hotel space. Others need advice on sightsee- by ELMER G. LEEHMAN Publicity is the touchstone of a successful ing or shopping. Be sure this is available. A What is the secret of a successful shell show? shell show, but it seldom comes easily. It usually cocktail party or a kaffee klatsch may be indi- It 's simple- an awful lot of hard work, detailed calls for much hard work and repeated contact cated. In any event, hospitality is important. advance planning, and conscientious committee with the news media. The fact that your club is a Don't leave it to chance. members. There are no really satisfactory sub- nonprofit organization is not necessarily the key The show committee chairman should per- to success. The editor must be made to under- stitutes, . sonally select the judges. This is a difficult and In saying this, I do not mean to belittle the stand that shell collecting is of gener~l_interest. highly sensitive chore, on the successof which importanc\J of who.ehe~ed sup.port by the The ~ommittee member responsible for pub- the 10ng-teFmvalueof the.show may depend. Society membership as a whole,

By ELMER LEEHMAN C. excels us, C. crocatus, C. mazei and all the others in the textile group, Vol uta festiva, Ii: Japan has a centuries-old love affair with the duponti, Ii: queketti, Ii: archeri, V. ponson-

edges of the sea. It is no mere coincidence that I byi and V. perplicata. From the Muricidae he Japan also is the home of some of the rarest and ; has Murex loebbeckii, M. phyllopterus, M. barclayi and M. annandalei. most attractive shells. ~ In a land of famed shell collectors, the name He has all the Hawaiian cowries, all of the of Taizo Ninomiya stands out. Not only has he known rostrate and melanistic shells of New assembled what may well be the finest personal Caledonia, and all but one of the Polynesian collection in the world today, but in addition he .I cowries. is one of the most pleasant and helpful friends Ninomiya has been called the Guttata King. this writer has made in ten years of active shell At one time he had eleven gem specimens of that trading around the world. rare cowry. One was 72mm. long - un- Taizo Ninomiya is difficult to catalog per- doubtedly a world record size. But, before you sonally. Although he is not a dealer, he has write to propose a trade, he has only three speci- impressive quantities of shells, which he trades cJ~_i.- mens of C. guttata today. He has traded all the with enthusiasm. He has a sharp eye for quality Taizo Ninomiya, his wife and two daughters in rest away. and rarity, and he is an unfailing source of wis- "",The , fRmilv nextO' ~_",,11 step .r/}/}mcwas ~ construction of a dredge However, Taizo has specimens representing dom on collecting and collectors. But his "busi- seven species of Pleurotomaria, including the ness" is a source of satisfaction rather than ultra-rare P. beyrichii. income. Taizo Ninomiya married in 1940, shortly Taizo Ninomiya was born in a mountain vil- with which he could collect in deeper water. The before his assignment to Korea. He and his wife, lage in snowy Yamagata Prefecture of North- results were spectacular. Before he realized it, Tomi, have five children. The oldest daughter eastern Japan. The eldest son of a hard-working Ninomiya had become a dedicated collector. has presented them with two adored grandchil- family, he was able to gain entrance to Utsuno- Inspired by the success of his dredging, he dren. The oldest son, Tadanori, who is widely miya University from which he was graduated soon turned his eyes to Japan 's aggressive trawl- known in Tokyo as a concert flutist, entered his in 1933 with a degree in forestry. For eight ing fleet. In the mid-1960's he made a deal to father's business after graduation from univer- years he taught in agricultural schools. Then in get the entire shell haul of fifteen trawlers sity. Another daughter, an accomplished 1943 he went to Japanese-ruled Korea where operating in 100 to 200 fathoms off the Kii pianist, is employed by a large construction his first assignment was a timber survey of the Peninsula and in Tosa Bay, South Central firm, while a second son is in the insurance heavily forested region along the Yalu River. By Japan. Soon there were great piles of uncleaned business after graduating from Keio University the end of World War II his health was so shells in the Ninomiya garden, where the smell in economics. Another daughter, the youngest of undermined by the rigorous conditions that he was becoming a neighborhood problem. Taizo the five, is majoring in Spanish literature at was hospitalized for three years. was forced to work long hours to clean so many Catholic Seishin Women's University, Tokyo, While lying in the hospital, Ninomiya noted shells but finally, with the help of a few colonies from which she will graduate in 1977. the large number of glass slides used in all of ants, the job was done. In the late 1960s' prior to one of his visits to sorts of medical analyses. On his eventual Ninomiya's progress as a collector was the United States, Ninomiya was asked by return to complete health he went into the busi- furthered by Dr. S. Amamura, professor of Maestro S. Takahashi of the Osaka Symphony ness- at a moment when Japan was beginning economics at Rissho University, and M. Oda of to procure a hand-made flute from the late its spectacular recovery from wartime ruin. Gamagori, near Nagoya. They helped him to Verne Q. Powell, an outstanding musical instru- In a short time his factory was producing gain access to prime shelling areas. The Gama- ment manufacturer and a close friend of Albert slides for medical use and exporting them all gori area produced many of the finest Japanese Einstein. In the course of the negotiations, over the world, as well as filling the substantial shells in Taizo's growing collection, but storage Powell showed Ninomiya through his workshop home market. This led to the formation of a space and cleaning remained troublesome. and discussed many of his manufacturing tech- sister firm, the Nisco Supply Company, to Oda was a close friend also of Akibumi Tera- niques. Powell's masterpiece was a pure gold produce high-quality microscopes. Both ven- machi, dean of Japanese collectors, whom he flute with a unique tone. Eventually Ninomiya tures have continued to prosper. helped much as he did Ninomiya. Many of persuaded Powell to sell him the golden flute, Ninomiya's interest in shells came later, and Teramachi's beautiful shells came from the which he thought prudent to leave in a Florida as an almost chance byproduct of his business. Gamagori region. Interestingly enough, Oda safe deposit box. Recently, he tells me, he has A visiting buyer for Macy's department store was not a collector, despite his g-:eat knowledge been seriously negotiating with the Japanese chain in New York City suggested one day that of species and habitats. government regarding his prize, and he expects he make up shell collection kits for sale in the As the result of his personal collecting, world. to take it home to Japan after his contemplated United States. He knew nothing about shells, wide trades and some purchases, Ninomiya U.S. visit in 1976. If he does, Tadanori will but Taizo agreed to study the proposition. His today has more than 15,000 species in his have a fabulous flute to match his father's study eventually took him to Dr. Isao Taki, collection. Among them are some of the rarest remarkable shell collection. malacologist of the Museum of Natural History - Cypraeaguttata, C. teramachii,C. lang- The Hawaiian Malacological Society, in Tokyo, whom he had known since 1933. En- fordi, C. rosselli,C. katsuae,c. musumea,c. Hawaiian Shell News and the writer are proud couraged by what he learned, Ninomiya began rabaulensis,C. nymphae, C. vredenbergi, to have Taizo Ninomiya as a member, a con- to gather shells. Soon four closets in his home and several gem golden cowries, Conus tributor, and a shell-trading partner. We look were filled with specimens - but he didn't feel milneedwardsi, C. gloriamaris, C. bengalen- forward to greeting him during his anticipated ready to send any to Macy's. SiB,C. victor (two color formsI , C. adamsoni, 1976 visit. December,1975 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 5

SHELLING IN JAPAN The Ryuku islands (of which Okinawa is the fCont'd from Page 1) largest and best known) are the home of many The emperor of Japan has a summer retreat fascinating shells. Some - Cassis rufa and on the shore of Sagami bay. A well-trained ma- Strombus thersites, for example- are found rine biologist, he has studied the area inten- there and not again until the southern Phil- sively. I have heard he has identified more than ippines. Casual low-tide collecting won't bring 100 species of crabs there. many treasures, but you can find up to fifty Fortunately for collectors, the shores of species of Conus and Cypraea with little diffi- Sagami bay are easily accessible by train or car. culty, and there are many beautiful olives, Not so fortunately, seemingly millions of people Terebra and miters. from Tokyo flock to its beaches every good day Collecting Raps raps is an interesting chal- from the end of the rainy season in June until lenge. You must search through the soft coral autumn. I am sure, however, that many good and sponge for the shell, which lives inside. areas remain for low-tide collecting and skin Tides are better for skin diving in the winter diving. months, but the summer is far more comfort- Most of the popular edible mollusks, such as able! Haliotis and Murex, have been picked off the If you are short of time for beach and reef col- reefs. One must go into deeper water to find lecting in Okinawa, you find many shell shops them now. Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786 is (or you could when I was there) at Moon Beach. collected commercially at all depths. You I found it possible to buy fine specimens of usually can find them for sale in seaside restau- Murex ramosus, Mitra papalis, Conus aulica, rants and markets. Cypraea testudinaria, Terebra maculata and Two important tourist centers on Sagami bay others. are Kamakura and Enoshima, where quite a The Sanyo shellcraft fa~tory in Naha city was number of shops sell shells. The selection may worth visiting. It exported Charonia triton is. I be somewhat disappointing at first it is typi- - saw as many as 1,000 trumpets in the ware- cal of souvenir stands everywhere but I got - house at a time. Some were eighteen inches long. my first Voluta bednalli Brazier, 1879 there. There have been many changes in Japan since (The shell was known to Japanese as the "barrel my tour there. Not the least is the reversion of of wine shell," in recognition of the fact that Okinawa to Japanese control and a substantial when they were first trawled in Australian wa- reduction of U.S.-managed visitor facilities. All ters in the 1960s collectors paid enough for each over Japan, prices have soared, while crowding to buy a cask of sake. I Occasionally,a desirable and pollution have taken a heavy toll of marine Japanese shell appears in these shops, including life. But I believe that it is still a good place for a Cypraea hirasei Roberts, 1913 and Pleuroto- shelling visit, and that's what I told my friend maria hirasei Pilsbry, 1903. whose question started this whole thing. Travelling westward to the Nagoya area, you have the productive area around Gamagori (see "Collector Profile," page fourl. I never had an opportunity to shell there, but I came to know neighboring Wakayama Prefecture, where we began to see coral and where the warmer-water species of cowry appeared. In our diving, we CARD CATALOGUE OF WORLD-WIDE found Cypraea vitellus and C. arabica, and on SHELLS, Pack No.8 - Naticidae Part I. the beach we even picked up a C. becki;. Deep Compiled by Sally Diana Kaicher. St. Peters- water trawling out of the Wakayama ports nets burg, Fla. 106 cards. $3.50 + postage. many fine Murex and Latiaxis, including L. Ms. Kaicher continues in her admirable proj- kinoshitai Fulton, 1930, L kawamurae Kira, ect to produce a card catalog of the most popu- 1954, L. armatus Sowerby, 1912, and L lar families of shells. Her current batch - the deburghiae Reeve, 1857. eighth of the series - deals with the relatively Undoubtedly the best-known source of shells less known Naticidae. It will be welcomed by in Japan is Tosa bay, lying south of Shikoku is- many collectors who can find little to help them land. Most fine collections of Japanese species in standard shell books. are based on specimens from the bay and ad- In a brief note accompanying the cards, Ms. joining Kii straits (between Wakayama and Kaicher comments on the confusions and un- Shikoku). For more than thirty years now, Tosa certainties that plague the family. bay has been trawled extensively for fish, coral "The Naticidae have not been revised in this and shells. When Dr. Azuma published his century and serious taxonomic problems exist," catalog of molluska in 1960, Tosa accounted for is the way she puts it. "Most synonomies in this a thousand species. I am sure several hundred and other families need to be reevaluated, and more have been described since then. any without substantial accompanying proof ac- Many of the most desirable cones, cowries, cepted only with great caution." Murex, Latiaxis and Pleurotomaria have been Pack No.9 (Mitridae, Part III) is due next. found here. Although usually they are trawled in Stuart Lillico SHELL SHOWS fCont'd from Page 31 Turridrupa astricta consobrina Powell, understood? And so on. An hour spent on this 1967. This small (usually under one inch I turrid exercise may avoid weeks of acrimony and is a Hawaiian and Japanese subspecies. It is embarrassment. golden-brown j the "dashes" on the peripheral I have found it useful to have a "scorekeeper" keel are dark reddish brown. The shell is rather for the judges - a noncompetitor, of course. uncommon in Hawaii. (Competitors must be rigorously barred from Phalium (Semicassis) glabratum gla- the floor during the judging). He (or she) carries bratum (Dunker, 1852) is a very rare cassid around a list of exhibitors (keyed to display which has been collected in Indonesia and the numbers), knows the show rules and categories, Philippines. Two other subspecies are P. g. and keeps a running score on the judges' deci- angasi (Iredale, 19271 from Australia and P. g. sions. At the conclusion, the scorekeeper is in a MANILA - W. S. Stetson of the United bulla (Habe, 1961) from Japan and Hawaii. position to turn over to the appropriate com- States was the winner of the Carfel Seashell The figured subspecies can be differentiated by mittee member an accurate list of winners, com- Musewn's recent second anniversary raffle first the series of blotches just below the suture. All plete with names, exhibit numbers and cate- prize, a golden cowry. Mrs. Leobrera (right three subspeciesslightly resemble some forms of gories. above} presented the shell to Mrs. Joyce White Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791). How- In addition to relieving the judges of a certain for delivery to Stetson. ever, all three show a true umbilicus, whereas amount of paper work, the scorekeeper can Other winners were: second prize, a Charo- ponderosa shows none. make sure (1' that two people don't get the nia triton is, Mrs. Frompton, U.S.; third, an Bursa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) is found on same award (2) that all awards are given, and orange Spondylus regius, to Jacques Loupy, the west coast of Africa and eastern Atlantic (3' that there is an official set of results for pub- Reunion Island. islands. This shell, slightly over one inch in licity and club records. Consolation prizes went to Mrs. Trudy Chris- length, scarcely resembles a bursid and has The shell show committee should hold its first tiansen, Canada; Barry Goodman, Canada; always .reminded me of a small nut of some meeting as soon as the members are selected. Victor Dan, Manila; Dr. Juan J. Custodio, kind. From the beginning, the club president and vice Manila; Simeon Sy, Manila; Dr. Carlo Roghi, Zierliana ziervogelii (Gmelin, 1791). president ought to sit in regularly. Sub- Italy; Miss Nancy Splinter, Subic, Phil.; A. Believe it or not, this shell is a miter I The committee appointments, along with a show Creuse, France; David Perez, U.S.; and Barry figured specimen, from Taiwan, is the only one I secretary, should follow with a minimum of Hoare, Australia. have seen. I know nothing about its habitat, but delay. The dates and site for the show (if there is it must be quite rare. any choice) can be fixed at the first session. Oliva buloui Sowerby, 1887. The color is Carefully consider the problems of insurance EXCHANGES apricot with dark red markings and white aper- and liability. The total value of the shells in a Ray Lanternier, Secteur Postal No. 91300. ture. These specimens are from New Britain, big show is astounding, and thefts have been B.P.M. 701 Papeete, Tahiti has shells from where the species may be endemic. Length is known. HMS takes the position that insurance Polynesia and West Africa to exchange for around one inch. against loss is the responsibility of the exhibitor. worldwide species. Charles S. Wolfe The society has a policy covering personal injury + + + liability, however, and it provides security (show "I would like to trade my Japan and world- "sitters" and night guards, if needed). wide shells for shells of the world," writes changefor worldwide specimens.A.R. Valk, 17 As you must realize by now, a major shell CharlesCardin. "I usually havesome especially Beachville Crescent,Nelson, N.Z. show is a mind-boggling project. At the same nice Murex, including M. barclayanus and M. + + + time, it may be the only opportunity most mem- cirrosus, and Conus fulmen and other Japa- Frank Tothill, P.O. Box 108, Brunswick bers have to show off their collections. Compe- neseendemics. Occasionally I have a M. ellis- Junction 6224, WesternAustralia, is prepared tition is usually keen; it must be kept on a crossi to trade." Cardin's addressis, Box 3539, to buy some gem specimensof four Hawaiian friendly basis by tactful direction. Losers are APO S.F. 96328. species - Cypraea tigris schilderiana (51/4 often demoralized, even bitter, but diplomatic + + + inches or overI , C. semiplota, C. tessellata sympathy ("there will be another show") helps New Zealand specimen shells, particularly (35mm and perfectI and two coloredspecimens soothe the wounds. The judges can speed the volutes, Murexal, Astrea, etc. available to ex- of Murex pele. healing process by explaining their decisions. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""",,"""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" But before you relax utterly, there is one final ~.. COW r I e S Only$14.95 task. The chairman, key committee members ~~ byOr. John Taylor and Jerry G. Walls. T.F.H. . S-101 and everyone else involved should write up a ~\1i ;'ZZZZ!~ The most up-to-date cowry (Cypraea) reference, with large (about 4 x 3") summary and critique of the show. List color photos of all 187 valid species in both dorsal and ventral view, triumphs as well as fumbles. Analyse the public J numerous photos of living cowries, an index of about 1,000 synonyms and response. Note suggestions for the future. Then, varietal names, a current pricing guide, and a handy full-color IDENTI- make sure the report is read when planning CHARTTMfor rapid identification. starts for next year's show. 188 pages-lID in color- WII" u.", 4/Xllarge color photos. Hardbound, A great deal more could be written on this -;:~~ :-- 5'hx 8'h. topic, but there is no substitute for actual ex- - Only $U.flj from your favorite dealer. If unavailable locally, please add perience. After the show closes, the chairman $.50 for postage and handling if ordering from the publisher. and the committee can look forward to their first ~ sound night's sleep in months. ; ,...;-:;~ T.F.H. PUBLICATIONS, INC. 211 W. SylvaniaAve., Neptune, N.J. 07753 Good luck with your show! """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" December, 1975 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 7

TI , ~ I =i s:. "' .§ ~ ~ ~ ~.~ ('\ S' ('\ Q ~ ~ Q Q'" "' S' ~ ~ ~ ~;:: Ph "t." " I Phalium glabratum glabratum (Dunker, 1852) llppmes 'C Photo: J. Fair Sr. I 01 ~ L__- J I I I I I I I ~c ... I I ""c ~ I I ~ ~ I I :;" I I ~ ~: , I I -1 I -c I I ~. I I 0- ~ I Zierliana ziervogelii (Gmelin, 1791) Taiwan I Q" Photo: J. Fair Sr. I- ~.~ I f ~ r--- ~ I do ~ I

~ I ~ ~ I I I I I I I I I Bursa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) ~ Angola I Q Photo: J. Fair Sr. I To use these illustrations, cut carefully~ along the dashed lines. Perhaps a bit of extra trimming ~~ (b ~~ may be necessary. Then carefully mount the illustration on a standard 3 x 5 inch file card. ~~ :;' ~. Additional data about shells of this species in your collection, sizes, etc., may be entered on CI1 "'. ;. ;= the back of the file card. (Seepage 6 for more about these shells. I 1

1 ~ Page 8 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS December, 1975

Notes on the Cowries Shell of the Show SHELLS FOR SALE of Kwaialein FREDRIC WEISS By SCOTf JOHNSON ,dpeaime;n ,dhe;[[.1. KWAJALEIN - Cypraea argus Linne, 6 PLYMOUTH ROAD 1758 is not rare, but it is an attractive cowry GREAT NECK, NEW YORK 11023 about which relatively little seems to be known. We find them here on Kwajalein - not in profusion, but often enough to give us an oppor- GLORY-OF -THE-ATLANTIC Fine &- Rare Specimen Shells tunity to observe the live animal in some detail. Buy - Sell - Trade The following notes are based on close Write for Free List Specializing In Fla. " Caribbean Dredge, examination with a hand-held magnifying glass Sold bl/ Bushe! of a 65mm specimen now residing in my P. O. BOX 22161 FT. LAUDERDALE, FLA. 33316 aquarium. 305/583-2906 Cypraea argus Linne, 1758 PROBOSCIS: dark brown when retracted, Henry Close's pinkish red when feeding. EARTH & SEA TREASURES TENTACLES: light brown, getting darker 3845 No. Druid Hills Rd. near the base. Joins body in a thicker mass of Decatur, Ga. 30033, USA light-gray tissue in which the small black eye is Send stamped envelope for price list Photo: ClevelandMuseum of Natural History imbedded. Tentacles are twenty to twenty-five of uncommon and rare shells. millimeters when extended. CLEVELAND - A specimen of Xenophora SIPHON: uniform light gray-brown with a pallidula with a piece of coral apparently grow- . Exotic SpecimenSeashells medium-size fringe. Fringe processes are about ing vigorously from it was judged Shell of the 1mm long and situated very close together. jANOWSKY'S Show at the first annual shell show of the MAL de MER ENTERPRISES FOOT: crawling surface is uniform light Cleveland Shell Club. It was from the collection Free Price List brown. Sides are mottled light and darker of HMS members Lee and Stewart Armington. 946 Ralph Avenue brown. Held in the Cleveland Museum of Natural Brooklyn, New York 11236 U.S.A. Area 212 485-3550 MANTLE: base color is translucent light History, the show was open for two and a half gray with patches of darker brown, forming days and drew large crowds. Dick Forbush was clusters of small dark brown spots. Occasionally the show chairman. there is a small patch of opaque white. The duPont Trophy was awarded to Sanford The papillae are connected by a series of til1Y Jacobs for his display, "Shells and Their Nick. ridges that resemble Martian canals and which names." Peter Krull's self-collected Liguis won give the mantle an overall wrinkled look. When the Cleveland Shell Club grand award. covering the dorsum, the mantle extends itself Plans are under way to hold the next shell outward in wavelike motions, reminding the show shortly before the 1976 AMU meeting in observer of pressure or secondary waves in the Columbus. physical sciences. L.A. AUSTRALIA PAPILLAE: There are two types. The Lance Moore Marine Specimens Pty., Ltd. longer (up to 1Omm' are dendritic, basically WEST COASTCURIO CO. 27A George St., Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia light gray becoming white toward the tips, and 1940 Maple Ave., Costa Mesa, Calif. 92627 Free catalogue on request. All specimens can- spaced about one papilla length apart. Mingled "13 miles south of Disneyland". Longest es- not be listed, our stock too comprehensive. Ask tablished shell dealer in the world. More than among these are very small (one to two milli- 2,000 species stocked regularly. No lists - No for your "wants". meters' unbranched spiked papillae, slightly mail order. Buy or browse- you're alwayswel. more than one papilla length apart and con- come! nected by the "Martian canals." COME IN AND SEE US JAPAN SPECIMEN SHELLS WANTED I can use all the varieties from worldwide, both seaand land, from commonto rare. Offer best prices with information on sizes, quality and available quantities. Sho Yasuda, 2-6-2 Katase, Fujisawa, Kanagawa,Japan.

MON1'1LLA ENTERPRISE Specimen Shells of the Philippines - Free List - Shl'lI & Sl'l'd Necklaces - Monkey Pod & Wooden Ware - Black Coral Bracelets & Earrings - Fibercraft - Artificial Flowers - Shell Craft - Windchimes - Puka Shells. 59 Maria Clara, Quezon City 0-503 I'hilippines December, 1975 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 9

A Hong Kong Happening The South Florida Shell Club's show is HMS Shell A uct;on scheduled for January 30,31 and February 1 at Aids Publication Fund HONGKONG - A bright sun-washed mid. the Museum of Science, Miami, Gerrit de summer day was chosen by the newly formed Graaff is chairman. Phase One of the 1975 HMS Shell Auction, Other Florida shell club shows listed by the held November 9, yielded $2,670, according to Hong Kong Shell Society for its first field trip. We left junk and sampan-packed Aberdeen Miami announcement include: Auction Chairman Charles Wolfe. harbor (renowned for its floating restaurants) The Southwest Florida Conchologist Phase Two - involving sales at fixed prices Society, Fort Myers - January 15, 16, 17 and and headed east around the bottom of Hong and by "silent auction" - is scheduled for the 18 at the "Exhibition Hall-Patio, across from Kong Island, then northward to Bluff Island, in February 1976 meeting. the yacht basin." Charles F. Coniff is chairman. Rocky Harbour. The Broward Shell Club, Fort Lauderdale "We simply had more material than we could - February 6, 7 and 8 at the International During the two-hour trip the shyness of our sell at a single session," according to Wolfe. Swimming Hall of Fame auditorium. Mrs. new venture evaporated. By the time we "The remaining lots are generally lower Georgia Luetig, chairman. dropped anchor off the southern tip of Bluff The Fort Myers Shell Club - February 9, priced." Island, animated discussions were taking place 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. Site not selected. Mrs. Proceeds from the annual shell auction tradi- Etta Greene, chairman. on various aspects of shelling. tionally go to support Hawaiian Shell News. The Palm Beach County Shell Club, West The area chosen for our exploration com- Palm Beach - February 13, 14 and 15 at the The highest price paid this year was $300 for prised mainly rocky slabs with smaller rocks YWCA. Dr. Marvin R. Glickstein, chairman. a live taken Cypraea ostergaardi, donated by The Sarasota Shell Club - February 13, 14 with sand between them. Reg Gage of Kauai. Two specimens of Conus and 15 at the Exhibition Hall. Mrs. Violet Hert- There was also a small area of coral. Today victor, received from Renate Wittig Skinner of weck, chairman. there would be no scuba diving, so our snorkling The Naples Shell Club - February 20, 21 Bangkok, went for $180 and $155. A C. mil- efforts would limit us to depths of twenty to and 22 at the Central Mall, Goodletter Road. needwardsi - dead collected but in good con- Sherman L. Clark, chairman. thirty feet. Shelling started about noon and dition - from W. E. J. Walles of South Africa, The St. Petersburg Shell Club - February continued until about 4 o'clock with breaks for brought $71. A five-inch-plus specimen of 26, 27, 28 and 29 at Treasure Island Audi- lunch and pauses to "re-hydrate." torium. Mrs. Selma Lawson, chairman. Hawaii's own Cypraea tigris schilderiana sold The Sanibel Shell Fair - March 4, 5 and 6 During that time the following species were for $65. Another high-priced shell was a at the Sanibel Community Center. Mrs. Robert found: Cypraea arabica asiatica, C. vitellus, Cypraea vredenbergi from Indonesia for Dugger, chairman. C. errones, C. miliaris and C. gracilis japoni- The Central Florida Shell Club, Orlando - $175. It also was donated by Renate Skinner. ens, Conus achatinus, c. lividus, C. tessu- March 26, 27 and 28 at the John Young Letters of acknowledgement and thanks are Museum and Planetarium. Mrs.' lone Reed, latus and C. textile, Dimiovula punctata, going to all who sent shells for the auction. chairman. Margovula sinensis, Monodonta labio, The Jacksonville Shell Club - July 31 and Donors included: Chico reus microphyllus and several as-yet- August 1 at the Jacksonville Beach Municipal John Earle, Deane Gonzalez, George Camp- Auditorium. Donald C. Campbell, chairman. bell, Lyman Higa, Oliver McCausland, Steve unidentified specimens. Fish, crabs and other (If HSN has missed any, or if other clubs wish Hanrahan, Olive Schoenberg, Mike and Ellen were collected and these, together Owens, George Carlson, David Arnette, Andy publicity on their shell shows, send details to the with several shells, found their way into the Adams, Phil Kwaitkowski and Jean Bromley, Editor. I all of Honolulu; Ninette Bragaw; .Reg Gage Hong Kong University's new aquarium. and Jim McDowell, of Kauai; Twila Bratcher, Plans were already being made for the next Los Angeles; Elsa Johanson, Australia; Elea- field trip. nor Hall, Seattle; Richard Sedlak; Fort Lauderdale; P. Bethanny; J. Rapoport, Israel; Rick Luther Jack O. L. Saunders, New Mexico; Mrs. Lee- man Ham, Maine; Jon F. Singleton, England; The Other Shell Clubs .from Mrs. Rena Davidson, Pasadena; Peter Boulton, Xerox England; Lydia and Dominic Nicolaci, Mass.; MIAMI - The South Florida Shell Club will University W.E. J. Walles, South Africa; J. Small, Aus- MI(~ROFO&'1 Microfilms tralia; Renate Wittig Skinner, Thailand; Wal- honor the judges of its 1976 Shell Show at a 300 No"" Zeeb Rd, ter E. Sage III, Kentucky; Mr. and Mrs. J. P. banquet on Friday, January 30, according to ~~ Ann Arbor, MK:" 46106 Gow; Henry Roger Berthe (Gulf Seashells), (313) 761-4700 Thailand; Kirk Anders (Shells of the Seas), club officials. The judges will be Dr. A. Tucker Pl.EASE Fort Lauderdale; Kenneth Kiong (Sea Spray Abbott, Delaware Museum of Natural History; -, WRITE FOR Marine Specimens), Singapore; Lawrence William G. Lyons, Florida State Department of COMPl.ETE Thomas (The Shell Shopj, Morro Bay; Edgar INFORMATION C. Haviland, Clearwater; Bob Morrison Natural Resources, St. Petersburg; and Neal (Morrison Galleries), Sarasota; Carlos Leo- Leeman, artist and judge in previous shell brera (Carfel Shell Museum), Manila; Richard shows. Kurz, Wauwatosa, Wis.; Dorothy Janowski .-~ ~---~~~~ NEW and NEEDED ~ (Mal de Mer Enterprises), Brooklyn; Carol Skoglund, (Panamic Specimens), Pheonix; Laura Bauer, Galveston; Andre Chambon, THE MUREX BOOK: an illustrated catalogue of recent Muricidae (Muricinae, Muri- Steve Oxberry, Ontario; and Kieth Zeilinger, copsinae, Ocenebrinae) by Ruth H. Fair. Nebraska. Over 400 species discussed and illustrated. 23 black-and-white photographic plates. Nwnerous text-figures. 8eaaRell

- Hawaiian Specialty - We Buy, Sell and Trade Kalanipuu St., Honolulu, Hawaii 96825. Please add 50 cents for postage and handling. Want Lists Invited Exclusive U.S. Distributor: KING'S ALLEY Seashell Treasures, P. O. Box ~O, Oakhurst, California 93644 --3 131 Kaiulani Ave., Hon. 96815

December, 1975 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 11

prefer to sell at home. This is not out of nationalism, as far as I can tell, but it reflects What's the Name? To Japanese Shells? the cost of overseas soliciting, packing, postage and billing, as well as uncertainty about By CHARLES CARDIN exchange rates and credit risks - the normal TOKYO Without any question, there is a - problems of dealing with faraway customers. shell shortage in Japan, especially of the very Most of this is avoided if business is limited to rare trawled species. The shortage is not only in people close to home. Some dealers, I under- specimen shells for export, but for domestic stand, simply will not accept overseas orders. collectors, too. Acquisition of a really desirable Commercial exports of Japanese shells, which endemic shell is a big event. were an important item of trade as recently as During the year and a half I have lived in fifteen years ago, today seem to be reduced to a Photo: Don Chapman Tokyo I have established friendly relations with trickle. For one thing, commercial-scale shell local shell people. When we get together, they cleaning requires cheap labor to be competitive, talk about the "good old days," when shells and cheap labor is as scarce in Japan today as it Homalocantha martinetana Roding, 1789, were available. Ever since I arrived here I have is in Hawaii, California or Australia. is a comparatively rare member of the Muri- been seeking a gem specimen of Murex hirasei, When I was assigned to Japan, I expected to cidae more widely known as Murex fenestratus whose habitat is only a few miles from my home. find shell shops on every corner. It took inten- Dill~, 1817. It apparently occurs throughout Yesterday, for the first time, I found one in a sive searching to find even one. Then I was the Pacific, including Hawaii occasionally. local shop! chagrined to discover that virtually all its stock The three gem specimens above were collect- I have discovered that Japan's shell shortage was from Taiwan and the Philippines. ed in Marau Sound, Guadalcanal by lain is a function of its affluence and high standard Whenever circumstances permit, I go scuba Gower. They measure 42, 33 and 32mm. Gower of living. As experienced collectors know, the diving. Occasionally this yields a desirable reports that they were found alive in coral at bulk of commercial shells come from the under- endemic shell. I have a full color range of depths ranging from forty to seventy-five feet. developed countries, where labor is cheap and Murex anatomicus, for example. It's hard The species tends to develop heavy crusts of plentiful. With a standard of living far above work, but I suspect that it's the only way I will lime, which are extremely difficult to clean. that of any other nation in Asia, and indeed ever get a decent collection of endemic Japanese E.G.L. comparing favorably with most western nations, shells. Japan today has no one with time to hunt, collect, clean and sort large quantities of shells. I -t Contrary to widespread belief, Japanese '. t collectors are not hoarding all the good shells. t ~ k ~.:-- ~ t There simply are no good endemic specimens these days, compared to just a few years ago. t t The occasional specimen that turns up brings I. v t very high prices. t Another little-recognized factor in the current ~ ~-~ scarcity is that the number of fishing boats has ~~ -s:~~~)' t vastly decreased lately, being replaced by big. £"'11 t highly mechanized "super trawlers." The day of , \\ t fishing the near seas from sampans is about' over. The big new boats are less likely to bring. ,\ \ t \ up shells. (I understand their trawls are pulled ~\\ t \ Ij\),\"": slightly off the sea bottom, unlike the old , t. l , fashioned trawls that tend to scoop up sand, '- ::==' ~:'.,.: '<..:.;~.:::: t coral rubble - and shells. I Besides, the crew is . '-"'. -,

too specialized and busy to salvage anything t t that does come up. t t Restrictions have been imposed on trawling in THE FRIENDLY DEALER - WRITE FOR FREE LISTS. some of what in the past have been prime shell I. WORLDWiDE SPECIMEN SHELLS ARE BOUGHT, SOLD, & TRADED, t AND EACH SHELL ARRIVES COMPLETE WITH ACCURATE LOCATION DATA. regions. This is most notably the case in Sagami I. t COMPLETELY ESCORTED SHELLING & DIVING TOURS Bay, immediately south of Tokyo. As a conse- I quence, many trawlers now work waters far ' AROUND THE WORLD. t WRITE FOR THE LATEST ITINERARY ON TOURS from the coast of Japan. If and when they find THAT ARE TRIED AND PROVEN, t GUARANTEEING A GREAT TIME FOR ALL. shells, they generally are not Japanese species. t , Fishing always has been an important busi- I , ness in this country, providing more than half' the animal protein for a population well in I, KI RK ANDERS TRAVEL SHELLS OF THE SEAS, INC. , excess of 100,000,000. As the population has t t grown, the fishing fleets have mechanized, auto- t mated, speeded up and increased productivity in P. O. Box 1418, Ft. Lauderdale,Fla. 33302 U.S.A every way. Compared to the current price of t . Phone: (305) 763 - 7516 fresh fish, shells have little attraction. . t Japaneseshell dealers generally seem to '- -' Page 12 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS December,1975 American Museum

Among the extraordinary shells displayed at Opens Shell Display the 1975 HMS Shell Show was a single speci- NEW YORK-"Mollusks and Mankind," a men of a "long-lost" Voluta (Teramachia) major new hall scheduled to open at The Amer- smithi Bartsch, 1942. It was shown by Dr. Joel ican Museum of Natural History here on Dec. Greene, president of the Northern California 12, will have something for everyone; gourmets, Malacozoological Society of San Francisco, who shell collectors, art and archeology buffs, and had obtained the shell during a recent visit to naturalists, to name just a few. Covering the the Far East. many uses of mollusks and their shells by past HSN asked Greene to write a few words and present cultures around the world, the about his remarkable find. permanent hall includes sections on the mol- By JOEL GREENE lusks we eat and wear, on those that appear in SAN FRANCISCO - Certainly one of the our art and as religious symbols, on the shells rarest and most exquisitely delicate of volutes, that we use for utensils and money, and on Teramachia smithi Bartsch, 1942 has been mollusks as living species,outnumbered only by known only from three specimens in the U.S. insects. National Museum in Washington, D.C. They Such a comprehensive approach to a single were collected many years ago. All were subject - mollusks - is a new one for the dredged, were severely damaged, and have museum, which put an unusual combination of broken spires. designers, malacologists and anthropologists to On a recent visit to the Philippines I dis- work on creating the new hall. The first exhibi- covered another specimen of this long-lost tion of its kind in the United States, its goal is to species, and was able to buy it. That is the shell depict the important relationship that has that I displayed at Honolulu and which is illus- existed for millennia between these abundant trated here. animals and human societies. The specimen was trawled alive after a storm "Mollusks and Mankind" employs a variety in July, 1975, approximately ten miles south- of modem exhibition techniques to tell its story. east of Taghilaran, Bohol. The depth was not Close to the main entrance, for example, there is recorded. Unfortunately the animal and oper- a section on the biology of mollusks. It includes culum were discarded by the fisherman before a continuously running analog computer film on they could be examined. the mathematical patterns of shell growth, as This example is unique in having a virtually well as models and scanning electron complete spire, allowing for the first time an ac. microscope photographs depicting shell struc- curate count- of spire whorls. There are two Photos: Don Fowler tures and how they form. slightly corroded whorls in the protoconch, Valuta smithi has a distinctive appearance. but In the ethnological section of the hall, a smooth and rounded. Teleoconch has eleven is too seldom seen to be easily recognized. Below prehistoric shell midden has been recreated. convex, sculptured whorls. Color grades from is the tip of the spire. with protoconch. Shells are one of the most popularly collected pale cream at the protoconch to medium brown items in the world. In the United States today, in the body whorl. In all other significant for example, shell collecting is probably the respects, description closely follows Weaver and second most popular collecting hobby (after duPont, The Living Volutes {pp. 178-9, Pl. 76 stamp collecting/, according to Dr. William K. C&DI. Emerson, a curator of fossil and living inver- All six living species under Teramachia are tebrates at the museum who is supervising the quite similar; T. smithi differs in having a preparation of "Mollusks and Mankind." significantly longer aperture in relation to over- The new hall is located on the museum's first all length. Also, it has a much more inflated floor just off the 77th Street entrance, a prime body whorl. visitor traffic area. It is expected to attract be- Proportional relationship between holotype tween two and three million visitors a year. and this specimen: ..~ ~ ~ Holotype Ratio Specimen Ratio . . . ~ length: 134.0mm 1.00 155.0mm 1.00 . . i ~ maximum . . R.CHARD M. KURZ, lNG. ~ . ~ diameter: 42.7mm .32 46.0mm .30 .575 Nn 11R..- ~T--.. . WAUWATOSA, WIS. 53226 U.S.A. ~ . ,-.- ~ aperture . . ~ length: 65.9mm .49 72.0mm .47 . nr:AI r:R IN FINE & RARE SPECIMEN SHELLS OF SUPERIO'RQUALITY ~ ~ Teramachia smithi will probably always . SHELLS BOUGHT, SOLD & TRADED ~ . ~ remain very inaccessible. You just can't over- ~ . ~ . Write for Free Price Lists collect at depths averaging 300 to 500 fathoms! w ~ ~ ~ ~ Houseof Quality and Service ~ ~ Largest Mail Order Shell Dealer in the U.S.A. ~ DUES REMINDER: : ~ ~ ~... PAY YOUR 1976 DUES~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~