Directorate of Information & Communication

AU2020 Annual Magazine ECHO SILENCING THE GUNS IN AU PEACE FUND

Interviews with Women in Peacekeeping

• LT. Colonel Tenneh Puteteh Sesay • CSP. Esther Mary Kaintor • CSP. Glory Urhere

AU AT EXPO 2020 DUBAI

AfCFTA FIGHTING ILLICIT OPERATIONAL FINANCIAL FLOWS INSTRUMENTS LAUNCHED

SPECIAL PULLOUT! • OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism • Protocol to the OAU Convention on the Prevention & Combatting of Terrorism

www.au.int IF WE WANT TO REAP THE HARVEST OF PEACE AND JUSTICE IN THE FUTURE, WE Silencing WILL HAVE TO SOW SEEDS OF the Guns: NON VIOLENCE, HERE AND Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's NOW, IN THE PRESENT Development

#SilencingTheGuns Mairead Corrigan

www.au.intwww.au.int AU ECHO 2019 3

NOTE FROM THE EDITOR

elson Mandela once said that “One effect of sustained conflict is to narrow our vision of N what is possible.”

When we focus on the chaos and disruption of conflicts and wars, when we place out trust in the gun to effect change rather than on the strength of our collective wisdom and desire to improve our lives and when we normalise destruction over construction, then we inevitably fail to see what potential lies in our people, our land and the resources it holds

The year 2020 is one where we as Africans will be called upon in all walks of life to band together to widen our vision and to see the full spectrum of what is possible economically, socially and politically if we create the environment for peace to endure. Our theme for 2020 of Silencing The Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development is in keeping with Africa’s and our Aspiration for a Peaceful and Secure Africa. Anchored on the ’s African Peace and Security Architecture, 2020 will be the year where all tools to promote peace will be pulled out of the box; from preventive diplomacy and dialogue- centred approaches to conflict prevention and resolution, as well as support to member states and citizens through the work of the various AU peacekeeping forces to manage crises and work towards reconstruction of societies so as to create the firm foundation for enduring economic growth and development.

In our efforts to promote peace and stability in line with the theme of the year, the role of women must not be negated, but in fact a more inclusive approach to peace keeping must LESLIE RICHER be embraced. In this edition we highlight the need to close the gender gap in matters of peace and security and profile DIRECTOR the role of women in the peace keeping efforts of the African Directorate of Information & Communication Union and celebrate their achievements.

Finally, peace and stability are necessary for achieving the desired objectives of one of Africa’s most ambitious economic integration initiatives, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The AfCFTA entered into force in May 2019 and in July 2019 the Operational Instruments were launched. Africa is all set to transform the landscape when trading under the AfCFTA commences in July 2020. In this edition of the AU Echo we cover the operational instruments as well as the requirements and expectations for the start of trading.

To achieve our ambitions for sustainable growth and development let us make 2020 the year when we lay the strong foundations for lasting peace The AU ECHO is produced by the Directorate of Information and Communication of the African Union. The views expressed by contributing external authors who are not officials of the African Union do not reflect the official position of the African Union. Articles from this publication, except those emanating from the AU, may not be freely printed. Articles from the AU must correctly state source as the African Union when used on any publication (print or digital) or extracted as source material for any digital, print, audio, video or any other broadcast medium. Copyrighted photographs may not be reprinted without written permission from the Directorate of Information and Communication of the African Union.

Editor in Chief: Leslie Richer Editor: Wynne Musabayana Research & Media: Esther Yambou, Gamal Eldin Karrar, Afrah Thabit Mohamed, Molalet Tsedeke, Doreen Apollos, Faith Ochieng, Gifty Bingley, Pascal Chem-Langhee Administration: Sehenemaraam Hailu, Rahel Akalewold Layout & Design: Peter Kyambadde Photography: Yohannes INSIDE Zirotti, Yohannes Negash, Engida Wassi P.24 Looking Forward to the African Continental Free Trade Area: Customs Administration still the key Factor for Facilitation of Intra African Trade P.26 Silencing the Guns; Promoting peace, security and stability on the continent is one of the key activities of the African Union P.06 (AU) Africa CDC makes Significant Progress in Africa’s Public Health Management P.12 Africa's fight against illicit financial flows; Africa loses US$50 billion annually to illicit outflows driven largely by commercial activities P.28 INTERVIEW (65%), Criminal Activities (30%) and Corruption and Abuse of Office (5%) H.E Smail Chergui, Commissioner for Peace and Security, on the Theme of the year P.18 OPINIONS African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Towards start of Trading. P.32 H.E. Amb. Albert Mudenda Muchanga, Commissioner Women in Peace and for Trade & Industry at the African Union Commission A call to Serve Africa: outlines what needs to be done to have a high impact Security start of trading under the African Continental Free Trade Area on 1st July, 2020. AU ECHO 2019 5

P.38 P.58 Closing the Gender Gap: Promotiong Agenda 2063 with African Deepening Women's and Girl's Participation Media: AU awards grants to women in Peace & Security journalists to produce Agenda 2063 content P.64 Africa driving its development Agenda through Strategic Partnerships The African Union is playing a leading role in improving Africa’s partnerships and refocusing them more strategically to respond to African priorities for growth and transformation as accentuated in the continent’s development blueprint, Agenda 2063. P.44 No Sacrifice is too small for Peace: P.70 Chief Superintendent of Police, Esther Mary Kainto African Union at Dubai Expo 2020: 20th October 2020 - 10th April P.48 2021 AU Peace Fund: Financing Peace & security in P.84 Africa is not only an African priority but a global strategic Imperative One Million by 2021: The Trace TV Academy Initiative P.52 P.90 Police Work Isn't Just another Job: African Union Champion Heads of State Glory Urhere, Chief Superintendant of Police Pushing the Continental Agenda at the Highest Levels P.102 Outcomes of the 4th Specialised Technical Committee on Gender Equality & Women's Empowerment P.116 Defining Africa's Future Through Digital Transformation 6 AU ECHO 2019

HEALTH

n 31 January 2020, it will be – human, material, financial and O three years since the official Africa CDC technical – with support being inauguration of the Africa provided in large part to the DRC Centres for Disease Control and some at-risk countries such and Prevention (Africa CDC); makes as South , and the African Union’s lead continental public . health agency that provides support to African states in managing disease Significant The 63 African Union supported outbreaks and other public health threats experts in the DRC are working as well as supporting them to efficiently Progress with other partners in the prevent disease transmission, implement communities, at border posts surveillance and detection, and always be and health care centres to prepared to respond effectively to health in Africa’s support contact tracing, risk threats and outbreaks. communication, infection prevention and control, Africa CDC has increased from 53 staff Public Health surveillance, laboratory testing, members in December 2018 to 75 in training of health care workers December 2019. Key positions filled in Management and community relays, logistics, 2019 included the deputy director, human treatment and care, advocacy and resources officer, coordinator of the sensitization, and mobilization for mortality surveillance programme, and vaccination. a senior programme officer. In October 2019, Africa CDC In spite of the fact that Africa CDC relies partnered with the World Health heavily on seconded staff and temporary Organization to hold a meeting personnel of the African Union, the of health ministers and key agency stepped up recruitment of its stakeholders from the DRC and own personnel in 2019 which was key its nine neighbouring countries. to providing more support to countries, The meeting resulted in a joint including response to three disease framework for preparedness outbreaks in 2019: cholera in Sudan, and response to EVD and other Rift Valley Fever in and Ebola disease outbreaks by the 10 Virus Diseases (EVD) in the Democratic countries. This jointly organised Republic of Congo (DRC). meeting was the first of its kind jointly organized by Africa CDC EVD preparedness and response required and WHO and provided a learning a large amount of programme resources AU ECHO 2019 7

Through these programmes and initiatives, Africa CDC is helping to strengthen technical capacity and public health systems across the continent. For example, through RISLNET, Africa CDC is supporting seven laboratories in seven Member States in Central Africa to become the first cohort of reference laboratories enrolled for ISO 15189 accreditation. Following an assessment exercise, senior personnel of these laboratories have been trained on strengthening laboratory management towards accreditation (SLMTA) 01, quality assurance and external quality assessment, basic laboratory information systems, quality management of point-of-care testing, and equipment maintenance and calibration. RISLNET has supported the development of three framework documents and five guidance documents for the improvement of laboratory services in Central Africa.

Through the mortality surveillance programme, Africa CDC has held one continental and three regional workshops to support the development of national action plans on mortality surveillance. A draft framework on mortality surveillance for Africa, developed during these meetings, is currently being finalized and will be launched during the World Health Assembly in May 2020.

Launched in October 2017, the Africa CDC Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control, 2018–2023 was revised and amended in 2019 by the African Union Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance Control to include Delivery of infection prevention and control plant, animal and environmental health issues. It was then upgraded to an materials to a health facility by Africa CDC African Union strategy for the control of AMR in Africa and endorsed by volunteers in the DRC the Ministers of Health, Agriculture, and Environment from Member States along with the African Common Position on Antimicrobial Resistance, opportunity for the two organisations in working during the Specialized Technical Committee meetings on health of the effectively together. African Union in 2019. On 2 December 2019, the African Union convened Through its weekly virtual Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes a forum of partners to raise funds for the response (ECHO) forums, Africa CDC has facilitated learning, knowledge and to EVD outbreak in the DRC. The event resulted information exchange among over 30 Member States on such issues in both cash and in-kind contributions pledged by as disease outbreak and emergency preparedness, laboratory strategic Member States and partners to support the DRC planning, laboratory quality assurance, One Health, public health government in fighting the 10th Ebola outbreak. emergency response simulation exercises, public health information With the signing of hosting agreements for systems, antimicrobial resistance, and preparation of national action plans. the Central Africa and Southern Africa Regional In addition, Africa CDC is supporting Member States to establish and Collaborating Centres (RCCs) by the governments strengthen their National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) to guarantee of and respectively, the RCCs are health security for the continent. Two key guidance documents were began to take shape. RCC’s are currently staffed by developed and launched in 2019: Legal Framework for NPHI Development interim coordinators provided by the host countries and Framework for Development of NPHIs. and African Union supported short-term staff, including assignees from the African Union Youth In its first year of existence, the Africa CDC Institute for Workforce Volunteer Corps. Africa CDC RCCs are currently Development, in partnership with NPHIs and equivalent institutions established in Central, Eastern and Southern Africa, of Member States, trained nearly 250 professionals from across the while preparations are at advanced stages for the continent in key aspects of public health. The Africa CDC framework for inauguration of the Northern and Western Africa public health workforce development was launched in December 2019 RCCs. as a tool to assist Member States in addressing the human resource for health challenges in their respective countries. In 2019, Africa CDC implemented several specialized programmes and initiatives, such as Africa CDC continues to grow stronger in its role to shape a new public the Regional Integrated Surveillance and Laboratory health order for Africa, and the institution is gaining increasing support Network (RISLNET), mortality surveillance, the from Member States and partners around the globe. Pathogen Genomics Intelligence Institute, the Public Health Workforce Development Institute, the Africa Collaborative to Advance Diagnostics, One Health, and antimicrobial resistance control. Leveraging PRIVATE SECTOR Engagement

H.E. Prof. for the Africa we Victor Harison, Comssioner for Economic Affairs of the Want. African Union Commission at the 11th African o set Africa firmly on the path towards Private Sector economic and social transformation, African Private Sector Forum T private sector engagement is crucial. The African Union, has throughout the accounts for over 80% of years worked closely with the private total production, 67% of total sector to define the great contribution and significant role the private sector plays in driving the economic investment, 75% of lending development Agenda of the continent. The private sector in Africa accounts for over 80 per cent of within the economy. And total production, two thirds of total investment, and three fourths of lending within the economy. The provides 90% of employed sector also provides jobs for about 90 per cent of the employed working-age population.. Small Medium working-age population. Enterprise (SMEs) are the backbone of the African private sector accounting for over 90% of businesses Source. UNECA. in Africa and translating to 63% of employment in low-income countries while contributing to over 50% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Although trends in intra-African trade point toward …. private sector development, progress, trade within Africa remains very low in proportion to total global trade highlighting the need including SMEs, in Africa for enhancing intra-African trade. The tides however continues to be impeded look promising with the operationalisation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA). The by several challenges. The AFCFTA is expected to increase intra-African Trade by environment in which they over 50 per cent, and will boost the continent’s GDP operate could be more by more than $40 billion, and its exports by more than $55 billion. The common market is expected conducive with better to upscale the prospects in the agriculture sector, institutional frameworks… a bedrock of employment for majority of Africans, by improving regional market access thereby stimulating growth. These prospects underscore Moussa Faki Mahamat, the need to leave no one behind in moving forward AUC Chairperson the agenda of the “Africa we want”.

To promote private sector engagement, the AU has implemented programmes that seek to form strategic partnerships with the private sector through Public- Private Partnership (PPP) engagements, including developing strategic partnerships with African Philanthropists to support the implementation of key development initiatives at a regional and continental AU ECHO 2019 9

level. Within the various pathways of the citizens, including women and youth, PPP, the AU seeks a more efficient and on topical issues. The platforms bring coherent engagement in driving the together the African Union, member implementation of Africa’s development states, subject-matter experts and framework, Agenda 2063. In so doing, professionals, academicians, women, the AU is not only acknowledging the youth, the private sector, the diaspora vital role the sector plays as a key driver and civil societies. of sustainable and inclusive economic growth, but also as efforts to create an The AU Commission has existing enabling and conducive environment for structures that include; the private sector players to set up thriving 1. The African Economic Platform businesses in the continent. The success (AEP) a flagship programme of of the private sector landscape positively Agenda 2063, is the premier multi- feeds into its role as a catalyst for the stakeholder meeting bringing together continent’s industrial development and the African political leadership, the broader transformation. private sector, academia and civil society to reflect on how to accelerate Africa’s economic transformation Dr. Bruno by harnessing its vast resources to Razananirina from INSCAE The ultimate aim of the African enhance the development of the African people. The forum looks into (right) and Economic Platform is to catalyze Mr. Khatib key opportunities and the constraints Bencheikh, economic transformation on the that hamper economic development Expert at the Arab Bank continent by seeking solutions to and propose solutions. for Economic Development in unregistered trade through informal 2. The African Private Sector Forum is Africa. cross-border exchanges, promote an annual gathering of stakeholders in the public and private sector economic integration and greater convened by the African Union, intra-African trade, skills development to promote the work of the AU in and capacity building. the area of economic integration and private sector development and engagement. The Forum also Dr. Dlamini Zuma, acts as a vehicle for empowering Former Chairperson, the African Private Sector through H.E. Christina advocacy, Networking, sharing of Ntsay, Prime African Union Commission Minister of business and market information Madagascar and skills. During the forum the AU A commitment to inclusive proposes policy solutions for the development. resolution of Africa’s debt problem In developing policies and conceptualizing and provides a framework for the use projects, the African Union undertakes of harmonised statistics which will be a broader consultative process with further entrenched through the the stakeholders and experts. Such establishment of the AU Institute for consultations enable the development Statistics and the Statistics Training of relevant, practical and implementable Centre. projects that address the actual deficits 3. African Inclusive Markets on the ground, for tangible economic Excellence Centre (AIMEC). The AU transformation and in fulfilling the vision is in the process of operationalising of the founding fathers to bring the African AIMEC. It is going to be the premier Union closer to the people. The private pan-African regional platform for sector engagement has been a prominent thought leadership and action on feature in the continuous dialogue on key inclusive business (IB) and inclusive projects by the Union. markets (IM), identifying, facilitating Over the years, the African Union has and replicating best practice and focused on institutionalising the PPP innovation in IB and IM policy, engagement to provide an all-inclusive programming and public-private policy space for various stakeholders collaboration. Ultimately, this will to explore realistic regional and global foster inclusive growth and regional opportunities and network to expand economic integration in Africa. business growth. The various structures 4. The AU Foundation focuses serve as platforms for awareness and on engaging with private sector sensitization of AU Member States and 10 AU ECHO 2019

philanthropy to support key 3. Africa’s industrial policies should be development initiatives on the The continent needs coherent with other policies, including continent such as agriculture and trade policies, to promote value youth development. to promote “Made addition and economic diversification. These policies could include ‘smart The African Union has also engaged the in Africa” in which protectionism’, of which nascent private sector to support public health the private sector, in industrial sectors can develop emergencies such as the “Africa Against productivity through learning-by- Ebola Solidarity Trust Fund” towards the particular SMEs, has a doing, technology upgrade, support West Africa Ebola epidemic in 2014, from leading firms and reducing investing in the continent’s capacity to crucial role to play tariffs on imported inputs to industrial respond to public health emergencies sectors, as well as reducing barriers through the deployment of African Health to imports of services that are inputs Workers. A similar call to the private sector of the African private sector. Providing to the industrial sector. was also made in 2019 for the “Africa effective assistance to the Africa’s SMEs, Against Ebola Forum” to support efforts especially in the manufacturing sector, 4. Mobilizing finance to support the in eliminating Ebola in the Democratic private sector in Africa has been Republic of Congo. Fostering entrepreneurship; for the A prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and people, by the people sustainable development. Eradicate poverty in one The private sector development, including generation and build shared prosperity through social SMEs in Africa, continue to be impeded by several challenges. The AU works to foster and economic transformation of the continent. within member states an environment conducive to the development of the Agenda 2063, Aspiration 1: private sector through addressing skills gaps and skills mismatches which remains underscored as a crucial element. a great constrain, better institutional could ensure that the continent benefits Promoting financial market frameworks that enable skilling and in employment creation for its young development to harness domestic development, access to financing to spur population and increase the beneficiation resources for long-term development, innovations and promoting private sector of the local products, while maximizing accessible to the range of economic participation in industrialisation processes regional values chains. actors would be a significant and value chains. This is especially significant in looking at contribution to improving the capacity the public debt levels within the continent, of Africa’s private sector to participate Africa’s industrial policies which though sustainable, remain high in Africa’s industrialization and value thus calling for the need to invest funds chain development. should be coherent with borrowed into productive sectors to other policies, including generate returns that could allow timely 5. At the regional and continental repayment and enhance the countries’ levels, harnessing cross-border trade policies, to promote growth prospects. To facilitate the growth financial flows from Africa’s value addition and and development of the African private diaspora could be crucial for the continent’s development. Initiatives economic diversification. sector, the African Union Commission places emphasis on several key aspects to enhance the use of remittance that include but are not limited to; channels, cutting the associated Dr. Dlamini Zuma, Former costs and mobilizing remittances Chairperson, African Union 1. The need for Africa to diversify for investment purposes, could economically and add value through help channel the diaspora’s finance Commission commodity-based industrialization into the industrialization process of raise productivity in agricultural and African economies. nonagricultural sectors. Through its various policies, projects 6. There is also a need for the continent and activities, evidenced by the 2. Promote industrialisation in Africa to actively promote all viable means of operationalization of the African to meet the requirements of private domestic as well as foreign resource Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA); businesses, in particular SMEs that mobilization. This includes harnessing the launch of the Single African Air are the backbone of the African private excess liquidity in the banking sector Transport Market (SAATM); the push sector. The continent undoubtedly for development (particularly for for the implementation of the Protocol needs to promote the “Made in long- term development projects) of Free Movement of Persons in Africa; Africa” in which the private sector, in and stemming illicit financial flows and accelerating the infrastructure particular SMEs, has a crucial role to out of Africa. development in the continent, the play. This could reflect in the design, AU has signaled its commitment to marketing and branding that promote 7. Member States are also urged to facilitate the growth and development the “Made in Africa”. strengthen public-private dialogue platforms at all levels, in order to The High-Level sessions and harness the goodwill of the private discussions focused on various sector for it to be a reliable partner Agenda 2063 flagship projects and in Africa’s development. programmes such as the AfCFTA, Cyber Security; Financing of the The 11th Edition of the African Union; the African Passport and Private Sector Forum. Free Movement of People; the Over the last 11 editions of the African Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Private Sector Forum, the annual forum Development Programme (CAADP); has evolved to focus on the wide range Gender and Youth Empowerment, of Africa’s development priorities and among other key projects. has successfully provided a platform for information exchange, business In acknowledging entrepreneurship networking and policy recommendations as a key driver towards the structural including business development services, economic transformation, the 11th regulatory reforms, and capacity-building Edition also included a two-day event Visit of Exhibitions of H.E. Robert for women and youth, with a particular on training and equipping African Ahomka-Limdsay, Deputy focus on strengthening local micro, Women and Youth with modern and Minister of Industry and H.E. Jean-Marie Ogandaga, small and medium size enterprises. This innovative entrepreneurship and Minister of Commerce, SMEs and forum offers varied sectoral engagement Leadership Skills. The event was Tourism, Ghana opportunities in the Business to Business important as a platform to explore (B2B); Business to Government (B2G); the potential to create millions Business to Others (B2O); and Others of jobs; generate innovations in to Others (O2O) models. fields such as market analysis, risk analysis, feasibility analysis, social The 11th edition held in Antananarivo, and environment, human resources Madagascar, in November 2019 under the and commercial and technical theme, “Transforming African economies feasibility, enhance marketing skills through private sector mobilization and and expansion of businesses. capitalization of experiences from other regions of the world”, accorded the various It is Africa’s time. participants opportunities to;

Advance dialogue on issues of economic development between policy makers, Downlod the 2019 Africa’s Development Dynamics Report (ADD) on specialized development agencies and “Achieving Productive Transformation” at www.au.int/en/afdd2019 financial institutions, civil societies, private Africa’s Development Dynamics 2019 AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS 2019 sectors, researchers, and professional ACHIEVING PRODUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONorganizations. AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT

What are the major economic and social trends in Africa? What isExplore Africa’s role inavenues globalisation? for This greaterannual private report presents an Africa open to the world and towards the future. Africa’s Development Dynamics uses the lessons learned in the fi ve African regions – Central, East, North,sector’s Southern roleand West and Africa contribution – to develop to Africa’s recommendations and share good practices. The report identifi es innovative policies and offers practical policy DYNAMICS recommendations, adapted to the specifi cities of African economies.growth Drawing and on the economic most recent availabletransformation. statistics, this analysis of development dynamics aims to help African leaders reach the targets of the African ACHIEVING PRODUCTIVE TRANSFORMATION Union’s Agenda 2063 at all levels: continental, regional, national, and local. Every year this report will focus on one strategic theme. Promote and reinforce exchanges between This 2019 edition explores policies for productive transformation.the It proposes African three private main policysector focus and for international transforming fi rms: providing business services to clusters of fi rms;private developing sector regional production stakeholders, networks; investors, and improving exporting fi rms’ ability to thrive in fast-changing markets. This volume feeds into a policy debate between the African Union’spolicy nations, makers citizens, and entrepreneurs entrepreneurs. and researchers. It aims to be part of a new co-operation between countries and regions focused on mutual lear ning and the preservation of common goods. This report is the result of a partnership between the African Union Commission and the OECD Development Centre. Empower the private sector as catalyst in the implementation of the African

Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Achieving Productive Transformation

Celebrate and recognize the best performing African Manufacturers in the “Made in Africa” Award.

Explore complementary interventions to boost competitiveness and improve Africa’s investment and business climate;

Provide recommendations on the economic development challenges in Africa, for consideration in the 2020 Ordinary session of the African Union Consult this publication on line at https://au.int/afdd2019 and https://doi.org/10.1787/c1cd7de0-enHeads of State and Governments Summit. This work is published on the African Union Commission’s website and OECD iLibrary. Visit www.au.int and www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.

ISBN 978-92-64-44363-1

Co-funded by the European Union 9HSTCQE*eedgdb+ 2019 12 AU ECHO 2019

PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE

AFRICA'S

FIGHT Domestic Resource AGAINST ILLICIT Mobilization: Fighting FINANCIAL FLOWS Against Corruption and Illicit Financial Flows The African Union advocates for strengthened tax T cooperation to stem illicit financial flows (IFFs) through the High Level Panel on Illicit 2019 Financial Flows from Africa. The Panel which was established to improve the knowledge of the nature, scale and impact of illicit financial flows and to track and stop the outflows, estimates that the continent loses over 50 billion dollars of a Common African Position allies to agree on a transparent annually to illicit outflows. The estimates Download the on Asset Recovery; the report Domestic and efficient timetable for the show that commercial activities are development of an African Anti- Resource recovery and return of stolen by far the largest contributor to IFFs, Mobilization: Corruption Methodology; as well Fighting Against assets to Africa, while respecting accounting for 65% due to abusive as continued advocacy on the Corruption and the sovereignty of States and transfer pricing, trade mispricing, over- Illicit Financial issue of Illicit Financial Flows their national interests. invoicing of services and intangibles, Flows from through the Consortium on Illicit www.au.int using unequal contracts and tax evasion. Financial Flows. Criminal activities account for 30 percent due to money laundering, trafficking and smuggling of people, drugs and arms. Corruption and abuse of office account for 5 percent of the illicit outflows. …large commercial corporations are by far the biggest culprits of illicit outflows, followed by These figures highlight the urgency to identify modalities and steps that organized crime. We are also convinced that must be taken to radically reduce these corrupt practices in Africa are facilitating these outflows and to ensure that these development resources remain within outflows, apart from and in addition to the related the continent as well as the need to problem of weak governance capacity improve and enforce good governance and sustainable improvements in the Thabo Mbeki, Chairperson, High Level Panel on Illicit business environment. Financial Flows from Africa. On reflecting on the effectiveness of the approach to fight corruption on the continent, the AU report on the progress Following on the commitment to The Common African Position on implementation of the 2018 theme of stem graft on the continent, in on Asset recovery the year, gives a preliminary assessment 2019 the AU Assembly adopted In seeking a common framework of the implementation of the activities the Nouakchott Declaration on to enhance the fight against illicit towards the fight against corruption the African Anti-Corruption Year, financial flows; the swift recovery and similarly concludes with some key in which AU member states and return of African assets; and findings and recommendations. The committed to progressively transparency in the utilization of report by H.E. Muhammadu Buhari, abolish bank secrecy jurisdictions returned assets, the AU, through President of the Federal Republic of and tax havens on the continent, its organ, the African Union and Champion of the AU theme establish public beneficial Advisory Board on Corruption of the year 2018 "Winning the Fight ownership registers and ensure (AUABC), has embarked on a against Corruption: A Sustainable Path that public officials declare their progressive approach for the to Africa's Transformation”, identifies assets. The Assembly also called development of the Common key priorities, notably, the development on international partners and AU ECHO 2019 13

central banks in their respective countries strategies to ensure that financial Africa loses US$50 to ensure assets recovery. institutions identify and refuse to accept Illicit Financial Flows billion annually to illicit The 3rd Edition of the African Anti- Corruption Dialogue 5. The CAP should prioritize the outflows driven largely The 3rd Edition of the African Anti- creation and establishment of an Corruption Dialogue convened in 2019 asset recovery database including by commercial activities focused on the development of the information required to facilitate Common African Position on Asset asset recovery such as the legal (65%) and Criminal Recovery. The dialogue brought together frameworks and applicable processes the AU Permanent Representatives in the destination countries, the Acovities (30%) and Committee; the national anti-corruption requirement’s for mutual legal Corruption and Abuse of agencies, civil societies, the media, assistance and a list of experts. In academia and international organisations addition, there is need for further Office (5%) to deliberate on the development of research and data into the field the Common African Position on Asset

African Position (CAP) on asset recovery, an institutional framework to support ...African countries should explore more options coherent and stream-lined administrative strategies on the recovery of stolen for mobilizing domestic resources to finance assets. The development of a Common productive activities, generate inclusive growth and African Position on Asset Recovery is mitigate the increasing social demands timely and critical in ensuring that Africa presents a united front, in dealing with internal and external challenges being Moussa Faki Mahamat, AUC Chairperson faced in the recovery of African assets.

In 2019, the AUABC embarked on a 6. The CAP should incorporate five pillars consultative process to establish the Recovery. Held under the theme “Towards namely asset identification, asset legal, policy, procedural and institutional a Common African Position on Asset repatriation, asset management, frameworks regulating asset recovery in Recovery”, the meeting made the following applicable legal frameworks and all the 55 AU member states. The process eight observations towards developing institutional mechanisms included the collation of information from the CAP: member states as relates to initiatives 1. The quest for the recovery of undertaken on asset recovery, the African assets must be situated challenges encountered and measures of and contextualized in the broader In the 2019 Nouakchott redress as well as recommendations. As historical, political, economic and of October 2019, fifteen member states social narrative of Africa including Declaration on the had submitted their data (, Ghana, demands for the return of stolen Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, , , African artefacts and reparations for African Anti-Corruption , , , , slavery and colonisation of Africa , , , Zambia, and Year, member Tanzania). 2. The technical and legal processes involved in recovery of African assets states committed The data will be key in unpacking are complex and unduly lengthy and the numerous internal and external the CAP must ensure that legal and to progressively obstacles faced by African counties in other processes are streamlined and recovering stolen assets. The absence of abolish bank secrecy simplified comprehensive policies, lack of technical capacity and ineffective inter-agency 3. While noting that the development of jurisdictions and cooperation have often been cited as the the CAP is in part a technical process, main challenges hampering the recovery it must further be recognised that it is tax havens on the efforts of stolen assets. Other constraints also fundamentally a political process. include moderate investigative knowledge, Therefore, the CAP shall require continent, establish the inherent secrecy of the activities and strong political will and ownership by public beneficial inadequate resource allocation to financial African leaders and its development aspects of the crime, and inadequate use should be conducted in accordance ownership registers of reports by investigators and customs with the African Union’s policy-making agencies on suspicious transactions. The processes and ensure that public development of the CAP will also be key in defining effective collaboration between 4. The CAP should address measures to officials declare their African states and external agencies such prevent further loss of African assets. as Interpol, money transfer agencies, and It should propose mechanisms and assets BULLETS CANNOT BE RECALLED. THEY CANNOT BE Silencing UNINVENTED. the Guns: BUT THEY CAN Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's BE TAKEN OUT Development OF THE GUN #SilencingTheGuns Martin Amis

www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 15

7. Inter-agency collaboration and …Corruption is Lessons from the African Anti-Corruption mutual legal assistance, experience Year 2018 showed that there is a need sharing and learning remain key indeed, one of the to strengthen and further capacitate in asset recovery processes. The greatest evils of our national anti-corruption agencies and inclusion and participation of all time related institutions to ensure their stakeholders such as the Legislature, functional autonomy as well as capacitate Civil Society Organisations, Regional the African Union Advisory Board on Economic Communities, the Media, H.E. Muhammadu Corruption (AUABC) to understand the the Academia will enhance its Buhari, President of challenges of Member States in ratifying development and implementation the Federal Republic of and domesticating the Convention. 8. The CAP should be accompanied Nigeria Catalysing the fight against graft by a robust communication and government as a prerequisite to entrench through inclusive engagement implementation strategy and action good governance, transparency and The AU has been keen to rally citizen’s plan which is well resourced and has accountability. He similarly advocates for participation on AU-led anti-corruption support at the highest level in order strong national and regional institutions, initiatives across the continent and a to promote better understanding of observing the need to not only adequately correlated increase in knowledge on the Common African Position and its empower the national anti-corruption the dangers of corruption on socio, role in the transformation of African agencies, but to also insulate them from economic and political transformation of lives under Agenda 2063 political influence. The AU Champion Africa. This has also provided a platform notes, “it is evident that corruption has for strengthened partnerships with key The report with these recommendations a devastating impact on marginalized stakeholders including national anti- will be submitted for consideration by the communities especially the youth, corruption agencies, supreme audit AU policy organs in 2020 women and children. Corruption breeds institutions, civil society organizations, unequal societies, renders vulnerable and the media. It is through the deepened The fight against corruption is key to groups prone to human trafficking, as collaboration that the Africa Group at upscale resource mobilization. well as recruitment into armed groups the United Nations successfully led an Africa has experienced strong economic and militia. In effect, corruption deprives initiative to have a resolution on IFFs growth with an average of around 5% our young citizens of opportunities to adopted by the UN General Assembly. since 2000. However, the growth has develop meaningful livelihoods. We must not substantially reduced poverty and therefore, work together to defeat this Various youth-led activities such as inequality nor led to job creation on the evil.” the African Youth Congress Against continent. In recognition of the limited Corruption (AYCAC) has since adopted budgetary resources, the scarcity and The designation of year 2018 as the the Youth Declaration against Corruption volatility of development assistance, African Anti-Corruption Year and the annual and endorsed the establishment of the further, the scale of socio-economic commemoration of the 11th of July as the African Youth Community of Practice on destruction evidenced by sluggish African Anti-Corruption Day, therefore, Anti-Corruption (AYCPAC) as a framework or ceased development plans and have been among the deliberate actions for coordination of youth- led efforts in the programmes, due to undue diversion of by the AU to scale up advocacy efforts fight against corruption in Africa. resources through corruption, the AU has and broaden partnerships towards the over the years, deepened the resolve, realization of tangibles efforts in the fight The consultative process has been focus and expertise for addressing the against graft. These actions have also been critical in consolidating the gains and many facets of corruption on the continent, crucial in supporting the implementation in driving momentum for the legal and as a prerequisite for the realization of of policy frameworks, such as the African political frameworks to enhance the fight the goals articulated in “Aspiration 3” Union Convention on Preventing and against corruption and accountability and of Africa’s development framework, Combating Corruption (AUCPCC) adopted transparency in the continent. Agenda 2063, which seeks an Africa of 2003. good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law. The efforts have yielded commendable Read the AU Convention on Preventing & policy action by Member States on the Combatting Corruption and find out more Strong institutions have often been cited implementation and monitoring of anti- about the status of ratification by member as a necessary condition in the fight corruption strategies. As of October states by visiting www.au.int/en/treaties against corruption. H.E. Muhammadu 2019, 43 member states had ratified the Buhari, President of the Federal Republic African Union Convention on Preventing of Nigeria and Champion of the AU and Combating Corruption while another theme of the year 2018 has remained 25 other Member States, had also stern on the need for strong institutions. undertaken to implement domestic He underscores the need for African reforms to strengthen anti-corruption leaders to build synergy between the measures. executive, legislative and judicial arms of PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE

AFRICAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSIONS (AUEOM) The African Union’s Constitutive Act, the OAU/AU Declaration on the Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa, the Africa Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, and the Guidelines for AU Electoral Observation and Monitoring Missions provide the benchmarks for the promotion of democratic elections.

ince the early 1990s, when most including the degree to which the conduct S African countries returned to of the elections meets regional, continental multiparty rule, there has been and international standards for democratic exponential growth in elections elections; in Africa. With the growth in 2. To offer recommendations for improvement elections has come the development and of future elections based on the findings; institutionalisation of election observation activities. In response to the democratic waves 3. To supporting Member States’ elections on the continent, the African Union (AU) has and the democratisation process to ensure African Union that the conduct of genuine elections Observers at developed norms intended to promote political the Presidential participation, improve electoral standards and contributes to the consolidation of Elections in facilitate the consolidation of democracy in democratic governance, peace and stability. Bissau, December 2019 Member States. The AUEOM draws its mandate from various Africa has made significant progress in African Union instruments, most importantly institutionalising electoral democracy. This is the African Union Guidelines for Elections reflected in the number of successful multiparty Observation and Monitoring Missions, the elections in most of AU member states. In spite OAU/AU Declaration on Principles Governing of these achievements, challenges remain. Democratic Elections in Africa; the African These include the prevalence in some countries Charter on Human and Peoples Rights and the of conflict, violence and instability resulting from African Charter on Democracy, Elections and disputed elections. Governance. The observations of the AUEOM are based on the principles and standards for the The AU Commission Manual on African Union conduct of democratic elections as enshrined Election Observation was developed with the in the aforementioned AU instruments. aim of strengthening the democratisation and governance processes underway in Africa and In line with its mandate stipulated in the a view to guiding the involvement of the AU aforementioned instruments, the objective in the observation and monitoring of elections of the AUEOM is to make an independent, in Member States. The manual is designed objective and impartial assessment of the as a reference guide for use by African Union electoral process and, where necessary, make election observers in the field during AUEOMs. recommendations for improved management It is designed to provide guidance to observers of elections in member states, in accordance on the benchmarks and the methodology for with key international normative frameworks observation of elections by the AU. and national laws.

The objectives of the AUEOM are: In election observation missions, the AU normally 1. To provide an accurate and impartial draws its heads of missions from former heads reporting or assessment of the election, of state and government, as well other eminent public personalities on the continent. The observers are drawn from the Permanent Representatives Committee (PRC) of the AU, the Pan-African Parliament, election management bodies, civil society organizations working in the area of democracy, governance and elections in Africa, think tanks, and independent election experts.

The AUEOM will meet with the political, administrative and judicial authorities of the country, the institutions in charge of elections, the national actors involved in the electoral process and the representatives of the international community in order to be aware of the arrangements made for the holding of credible, free and fair elections.

To achieve its mandate AUEOMs undertake the following activities: • Deployment of a team of Long-Term Observers (LTOs) to have consultations with national elections commissions, relevant government departments and agencies, political parties and candidates, the media, academic institutions/ think tanks, civil society organisations and the security agencies in order to make an informed assessment of the pre-election context. • The LTOs will be joined by a team of Short-Term Observers (STOs) to observe elections in the country. The STOs will have an intensive 2-day orientation training during which they will receive briefings from a wide range of electoral stakeholders including: national elections commissions, political parties, candidates, security agencies, media, civil society groups and election experts. • The AUEOM Leadership Team also will have high-level consultations with electoral stakeholders. It coordinates H.E Joaquim Rafael BRANCO, its efforts with other international election observer groups former Prime Minister of the in the country by hosting a pre-election coordination Democratic Republic of Sao Tome & Principe and Head meeting of international observer missions and attending of AUEOM in Guinea Bissau the post-election coordination meeting hosted by the and the AU Commissioner for Political Affairs Amb. other regional or international observer missions. Minata Samate Cessouma • On the Election Day, AU STOs will visit polling stations addressing the press during the presidential elections in to observe all aspects of Election Day Guinea Bissau on 29 December • Issuance of a final report of the AUEOM’s overall 2019 assessment of the entire process.

The recommendations made by the AUEOM are meant to assist the member states electoral stakeholders to improve the management of future elections and to deepen democratic governance in the country in line with the Aspiration 3 of Agenda 2063 which envisions an “An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law”

Electoral observation and monitoring has become an integral part of the democratic and electoral processes in Africa. International, regional and national observers have come to play important roles in enhancing the transparency and credibility of elections and democratic governance in Africa and the acceptance of election results throughout the continent. Electoral observation and monitoring missions can also play key roles in diminishing conflicts before, during and after elections. 18 AU ECHO 2019

AGENDA 2063

28 Countries have Ratified the AfCFTA which came into effect on 30th May 2019 Find out more at www.au.int/agenda2063

The Operational Instruments of the The African Continental AfCFTA 1. The Rules of Origin: A regime Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) governing the conditions under which a product or service can be traded Enters into Force & duty free across the region. 2. The Tariff concessions: It has been Operational Instruments agreed that there should be 90% tariff liberalisation and the deadline is Launched 1st July 2020. (Over a 10 year period with a 5 year transition, there will n May 30th 2019 Africa made 2018 in Kigali, be an additional 7 % for “sensitive history as the Agreement products" that must be liberalised). O Following the ratification and entry establishing the AfCFTA This will be supported by the AfCFTA into force of the AfCFTA, 5 supporting officially entered into force. Trade in Goods online portal where Operational Instruments were launched With 54 out of the 55 member states of Member States will upload their tariff during the AU Summit held in Niamey, the African Union signing the agreement, offers covering 90% of the tariff lines. in July 2019. These instruments Africa brought into being the largest are the key tools that will support the The AfCFTA Online Negotiation trading block since the formation of the launch of the operational phase of the Tool WTO. The entry into force of the AfCFTA AfCFTA with start of trading scheduled • Facilitate the negotiationson is also marked by the speed at which for July 2020. The occasion also marked tariff liberalisation between African countries worked together within the announcement of the Republic of State Parties, Customs Unions a year to establish a regional trading block Ghana as the country to host the AfCFTA or Regional Groupings under to promote intra-African trade following Secretariat. the AfCFTA; the adoption of the AfCFTA on 21 March • Provide tools to ensure the among African countries through a the continent. Whereas, a number of technical quality of the offers simple, low-cost and risk-controlled African countries and Regional Economic made; payment clearing and settlement Communities (RECs) have established • Increase transparency while system. The benefits of PAPPS for trade information portals and systems safeguarding confidentiality; cross-border payments include cost several challenges remain such as: and reduction; reduction in duration and outdated information; uniformity of data; • Provide tools for users/ time variability; decreasing liquidity absence of data and information on non- negotiating groups to interact. requirements of commercial banks; tariff measures and informal trade and decreasing liquidity requirements of limited collaboration between various The tool will be accessible to all parties central banks for settlement as well as government agencies as well as countries to assist in their negotiations and will its own payments; and strengthening and RECs. The trade observatory will act as be a collaborative platform to exchange Central Banks’ oversight of cross a central repository providing exhaustive the lists of products defined at the tariff border payment systems. qualitative and quantitative trade data line level as well as the tariff that could and information at the continental level be applied. The tool will allow each party 5. The African Trade Observatory: to enable policymakers and the private to:- define their own product lists; share A trade information portal that will sector to make evidenced-based policies lists with selected parties for discussion; address hindrances to trade in Africa and business decisions. comment on shared lists; and suggest due to lack of information about counter proposals. In order to facilitate opportunities, trade statistics as well the creation of initial product lists, a as information about exporters and module will analyse various factors among importers in countries. which are:- fiscal revenues; employment The lack of up-to-date and reliable by sector; production; potential trade; trade data and statistics is one of the existing tariffs; commitments; and Infant contributing factors to the low level of industries. Based on this methodology, official intra-African trade. Instances the tool will automatically suggest abound of goods and services, which product lists as a potential starting point could have been sourced from other for negotiation, taking into account the African countries being imported by tariff-dismantling schedules. African countries. According to ITC (2018), 3. The Continental Online Tool/ more than 40% of African companies President Mahamadou Issoufou of Niger & Champion of the AfCFTA (Right) and Mechanism for monitoring, identify lack of access to information Dr. Mukhisa Kituyi Secretary-General reporting and elimination of Non- and absence of inquiry points as factors UNCTAD (Left) at launch of operational tariff Barriers (NTBs): (NTBs) are affecting the business environment across instrument of AfCFTA a greater hindrance to intra-African Trade than Tariff Barriers. One of the key objectives of the AfCFTA is to progressively eliminate existing NTBs and refrain from introducing new ones in order to enhance and facilitate intra Africa trade. The Continental tool will ensure NTBs are monitored with a view to ensuring they are eliminated. 4. The Pan-African Payments and Settlement System (PAPSS): Is a centralised payment and settlement infrastructure for intra-African trade and commerce payments. This project which is being developed in collaboration with the African Export-Import Bank, Afreximbank will facilitate payments as well as formalise some of the unrecorded trade due to prevalence of informal cross-border trade in Africa. It will also provide alternative to current high-cost and lengthy correspondent banking relationships to facilitate trade and other economic activities 20 AU ECHO 2019

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AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA (AfCFTA): Towards start of Trading

By H.E. Amb. Albert M. Muchanga

he Agreement African Union the AfCFTA on 1st July, 2020 in the preparations for start of trading as Establishing the Commissioner that is active and efficient. well as implementation of the AfCFTA T for Trade and African Continental Industry, Amb. The preparatory work is being Agreement after 1st July, 2020. Free Trade Area Albert Mudenda done at national, regional and (AfCFTA) was opened Muchanga continental levels. These three I now look at some underlying factors that outlines Africa has to confront as she undertakes for signature on 21st March, 2019 what needs levels of preparations for the in Rwanda, Kigali during which to be done to start of trading also require preparatory activities in the period of nine have a high months before the start of trading. forty-four African Union Member impact start of distributed leadership to sustain States signed the Agreement. trading under strategic and tunnel vision focus Underlying Issues At the time of writing, we had the African on what needs to be done to Continental The first issue here is that in opening for fifty-four signatures, leaving only Free Trade Area deliver on the promises of the signature the AfCFTA Agreement and one African Union Member State on 1st July, 2020. African Continental Free Trade launching its operational phase in Niamey, yet to sign. The twenty-second Area. In this respect, technical Niger where it was decided; among others instrument of ratification, the experts, chief negotiators, senior that the start of trading would be 1st July, minimum threshold was attained trade officials, ministers of trade, 2020, Africa laid out for the whole world on 29th April, 2019 and the heads of state and government; to see, her ambitious transformational Agreement entered into force among others, are all expected agenda of creating one African market to thirty days later on 30th May, to contribute in ensuring success 2019. We now have twenty- eight ratifications deposited with the African Union, leaving us Africa must unite, and has committed to with twenty-seven ratifications being united in order to be strong in the remaining before all the fifty-five African Union Member States international system. This unity is based on have signed and ratified the promoting continental integration and the Agreement. By historical trends both within and outside Africa, African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) the AfCFTA Agreement has been is the foundation. Our efforts to establish negotiated, signed and ratified the AfCFTA will produce results if we remain in record time. This has in turn generated strong momentum united, speak with one voice and consolidate and high expectations. our integration. This article addresses the key issues that are being done to H.E. Mahamadou Issoufou, President of the have a start of trading under Republic of Niger and Champion on the AFCFTA. usher in inclusive prosperity. This bold move has also raised high By creating the African Continental expectations for decent livelihoods among ordinary Africans. The underlying tasks here are to transform this ambition into Free Trade Area, Africa is signalling tangible results and in the process, meet the expectations of to the world that she is committed the African people. Failure would create a crisis of expectations. to multilateralism and global The second underlying issue is that in making this bold move, interdependence. It is also a call to Africans within the continent and in the other parts of the world where they live, as well as the African Diaspora, have the rest of the world to strengthen placed their honour and integrity to public scrutiny. Failure to the multilateral trading system to implement the AfCFTA Agreement will undermine them. On promote shared prosperity. the other hand, success will enhance them. In this respect, the momentum that has been built in the negotiation, signature, ratification and launch of the operational phase of the AfCFTA H.E. Amb. Albert M. Muchanga, Agreement must not just be sustained during its implementation Commissioner for Trade and Industry but also be enhanced. AUC. The third underlying factor is that we are on the eve of starting implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement with the Related to this will be the capacities of Africa to eliminate backdrop of Africa being well known for crafting well intended non-tariff barriers to intra-African trade as well as not to have agreements, resolutions and declarations but falling short in the AfCFTA market become a dumping ground for low quality their implementation. The AfCFTA must not suffer the same fate. manufactured goods from outside the market.

The fourth underlying factor is the need to be fully aware that Against the background of these underlying factors, I now turn on there are some cynics within Africa and outside who believe that key preparatory activities being undertaken at national, regional we lack the capacities to deliver on the commitments that we and continental levels for the start of trading. have made in the AfCFTA Agreement. In addition to this, there are also several detractors whose aim is to slow the momentum National Level Preparations in the implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement and preserve From a private sector’s perspective, the number one priority the status quo of weak and fragmented African economies. is to scale up investments and production to supply the large Furthermore; among us, we also have skeptics and people with market of 1.27 billion people with a growing middle class. This self-doubt about our individual and collective capacities to fully may require entering into partnership or joint-ventures for some and effectively implement this Agreement. With self-doubt comes businesses. To achieve this, the July 2019 extra-ordinary Summit a fixed mindset that with or without the AfCFTA, it is business called on all African Union Member States to embark on strong as usual. In connection with this is the underlying conviction in and sustained advocacy to mobilize the private sector operating those quarters that national markets should co-exist with the in their countries to invest, produce and supply to the scale of AfCFTA market when the agenda for transformation dictates the AfCFTA market. that the AfCFTA market is the new and larger domestic market From AfCFTA State Party perspective, top on the list of national for each and every African country. level preparations is the development of offers on liberalization The fifth underlying factor is the need for Africa to meet the of trade in goods and services by each AfCFTA State Party by expectations of investors for stability, scale, predictability, fair February, 2020. The AfCFTA State Parties have the opportunity treatment, combatting corruption; and, among others, an enabling of using the online negotiation platform built for this purpose. environment in the AfCFTA market in order to attract them to Offers are very important because the two documents on tariff deploy large-scale and long-term investments. These are critically concessions and specific commitments will provide a clear important to create jobs opportunities for Africans, thereby picture of the level of ambition and commitments of AfCFTA offering alternative solutions to young Africans who risk their State Parties as well as the specific trade preferences and lives in search of decent livelihoods outside the Continent. opportunities that will become accessible to the private sector.

With this mixed bag of perspectives on the road ahead as Africa The second priority is the production of trade documents. To this prepares for the start of trading, I now bring out what is being effect, the July 2019 Niamey extra-ordinary Summit called upon done at the national, regional and continental levels to ensure all State Parties to the AfCFTA Agreement to start producing active and efficient start of trading on 1st July, 2020. trade documents on the basis of existing templates. These are: Certificate of Origin, AfCFTA Origin Declaration, and, AfCFTA But before I do that, a few elaborations on what I mean by active Suppliers and Producers Declaration. After producing these and efficient AfCFTA market. By an active AfCFTA market is documents, each State Party is expected to distribute these meant the capacity of the market to generate interest from a to all points of trading in the AfCFTA, including the business critical mass of investors, producers and traders to supply the community. AfCFTA market to scale and sustain these activities in order to have high levels of transactions and a growing market as Third on the list is the need for clear national implementation measured by annual levels on intra-African trade relative to the strategies. In this regard, national level preparations demand start of trading. An efficient AfCFTA market will be characterized alignment of efforts involving the executive and legislative wings by reduced costs of production and trading as well as supply of government; business; labour; academia; youth; women; of high quality products and services with lower prices relative civil society; and small-scale cross border traders, among other to the price structures that existed before the start of trading. stakeholders of the AfCFTA. In this connection, the July 2018 22 AU ECHO 2019

Key Elements Key Elements 1. Applications of Lessons of Experience from 1. Trade Facilitation: Regional Economic Communities in the a) Management of Simplified Trade Regime Implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement b) Transit Guarantee Scheme c) Trade Facilitation along Corridors d) Cooperation amongst Customs Administrations in State Parties e) Border Management f) Interconnectivity g) Publication of Trade Laws and requirements h) Simplified and harmonized Customs laws and Procedures i) Any other Trade Facilitation measures 3. Exchange of personal -Placement of technical 4. Collaboration in trade data, including the African Trade personnel in each other’s offices Observatory 5 Monitoring, Reporting and Elimination of Non- 6. Monitoring, Reporting and Elimination of Trade Deflection Tariff Barriers 7. Development of Regional Value Chains 8. Collaboration in the competitive positioning of Africa in the Fourth Industrial Revolution 9. Collaboration on Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary 10. Collaboration in the development of trade related infrastructure Measures 11. Enhancing collaboration among the private 12. Alignment of the Pan-African Payments and Settlement System to sector, African Union Commission, AfCFTA regional payments and settlement platforms Secretariat and Secretariats of Regional Economic Communities 13. Collaboration in the development of 14. Collaboration in Trade in Services regulations on export trading companies in a) Schedules of specific commitments on the five priority sectors of Africa finance, tourism, business services, transport and communication b) Cooperation on the Regulatory Frameworks for all services sectors c) Collaboration in the negotiations for the remaining services sectors 15. Resource Mobilization and AfCFTA Adjustment 16. Monitoring and Evaluation Facility 1 7. Miscellaneous Issues

Nouakchott, Summit called in October, 2019, all State Parties to the and Government. It also will highlight on all African Union Member States AfCFTA Agreement were requested to specific areas where more efforts are to embark on formulation of National provide briefings on the state of national needed to be undertaken by African Union AfCFTA implementation strategies as level preparations. A number of gaps Member States in order for them to be well as establishment of national AfCFTA were identified, including the way the ready for the start of trading on 1st July committees. Where similar structures briefings were presented. In order to have 2020. exist, African Union Member States a uniform format of reporting, a template were encouraged to use those structures is being developed by the AfCFTA interim After the start of trading, the United instead of creating additional and secretariat for use by each State Party Nations Economic Commission for Africa overlapping national AfCFTA committees. between now and 1st July, 2020. In will be producing an annual AfCFTA The United Nations Economic Commission addition, the Afro-champions Initiative Business Index which will measure and for Africa is spearheading the process of has commissioned an assessment of monitor businesses’ experience with assisting African Union Member States the readiness of all the fifty-five African AfCFTA implementation at a country in the formulation of national AfCFTA Union Member States for the start of level using a number of key indicators. implementation strategies. National trading. The indicators used in assessing In doing so, it will allow for cross-country AfCFTA Strategies should clearly identify countries are commitment to free trade comparisons of progress in terms of opportunities of export sectors and agreement (signing and ratification of AfCFTA implementation as well as value chains that can benefit from the AfCFTA); commitment to free movement contribute to better understanding of AfCFTA market access openings, and of persons (signing and ratification of the the challenges faced by the private sector the measures that are needed to support Protocol on Free Movement of people and when trading across borders. The Index will them. country’s Visa Openness) and completion also provide the private sector with a tool of a publicly accessible AfCFTA Country for use when articulating their challenges The fourth priority is to enhance Implementation Strategy (spelling out a to policy-makers vis-à-vis implementation coordination, keep track of the progress country’s framework and road map to of the AfCFTA Agreement. achieved, identify and address the maximize the benefits of AfCFTA and Regional Level Preparations issues affecting implementation. At mitigate risks). The assessment, which The July 2019 Niamey extraordinary the inaugural meeting of the AfCFTA should be ready by February 2020, will be Summit directed the AfCFTA interim Council of Ministers held in Addis Ababa shared with African Union Heads of State AU ECHO 2019 23 secretariat to develop a framework of collaboration among the African Union Commission, the secretariat of the AfCFTA and secretariats of Regional Economic Communities. Box 1 below outlines the initial set of elements of the draft framework of collaboration. The elements will be refined during the process of substantive formulation of the framework. Broad-based consultations will be undertaken to generate buy-in by 7th July, 2020 when the Framework of Collaboration is expected to be signed. The 2019 Niamey extra-ordinary Summit designated 7th July of each year as Africa Integration Day.

Continental Level Preparations Four main activities are being undertaken at continental level. The first task is the operationalization of the permanent secretariat of the AfCFTA in Accra, Ghana. The 2019 Niamey Extra-ordinary Summit decided that this should be done by March, 2020. To this end, the African Union Commission as interim AfCFTA secretariat has created a task team drawing representation from the relevant departments, directorates and units to liaise with the host Government in carrying out preparations at legal, logistical and institutional levels.

Secondly, the interim AfCFTA secretariat is finalizing work on the five key operational instruments that were unveiled during the 2019 Niamey extra-ordinary Summit which are vital for the effective and successful implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement. These are: AfCFTA Rules of Origin; On-Line Negotiation Password Protected Portal which facilitate the negotiation of schedules of concessions on trade in goods; Online Mechanism on Reporting, Monitoring and Elimination of Members of the Appellate Body; and, of Non-Tariff Barriers; Pan-African Payments and Settlements the Republic of Ghana will most importantly, the Interim Secretariat System; and, African Trade Observatory. In addition, work has host the AfCFTA formulating an indicative list or roster of started on the preparation of specific commitments on trade in Secretariat individuals willing and able to serve as services. All these instruments are expected to be fully functional Members of Panels. This will be considered by the start of trading on 1st July, 2020. and adopted by the Dispute Settlement Thirdly, following the inaugural meeting of the AfCFTA Council Body. of Ministers, the interim AfCFTA secretariat is exploring options With a view to consolidating the one African to strengthen implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement at the market, work has started on negotiation national level, with a view to ensuring that State Parties are of protocols on investment, competition well equipped to fully implement their obligations and harness policy and intellectual property rights. The the AfCFTA opportunities. To this end, the interim AfCFTA target date for completion of negotiations secretariat is also in the process of developing a concept paper on these protocols is June, 2021. for consideration by the second meeting of the AfCFTA Council of Ministers on ways and means of strengthening national level Considering Africa’s history of regional implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement, including levers integration and the Continent’s record in for promoting alignment at national, regional and continental implementing trade agreements, there is no level during implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement. Such doubt that a successful implementation of alignment will deepen policy, regulatory and institutional the AfCFTA requires a change of mindset. harmonization. This will be key in delivering the benefits of All Africans should be convinced of the reduced cost of doing business, as well as competitiveness new reality emerging as a result of the and efficiency across Africa. establishment of AfCFTA. The new reality is that the AfCFTA is a disruptor of the Fourthly, work on the operationalization of the Dispute Settlement status quo of fragmented economies. In Mechanism instituted under Article 20 of the AfCFTA Agreement this disruption, it is ushering in a new era of is underway. This work is being done by the Interim AfCFTA defragmentation. As Africa embarks on this Secretariat. In this regards, priority is being given to: ensuring transformational journey, the most effective the constitution of the Dispute Settlement Body established tool to complement change of mindset is under Article 5 of the Protocol on Rules and Procedures on innovativeness. the Settlement of Disputes which will comprise State Parties representatives; preparing draft rules of procedures for the We are being closely watched! How do Dispute Settlement Body and Rules of Procedure for the we respond? selection of the Members of Panel; facilitating the election of the President of the Dispute Settlement Body and the designation 24 AU ECHO 2019

AGENDA 2063

Looking Forward to the African Continental Free Trade Area: Customs Administration still the key Factor for Facilitation of Intra African Trade Customs reforms and modernization are the phenomena which are trending in customs administration, requiring a total change in the way work is conducted doing, by shifting from using manual work in customs operations into sophisticated technology in the processing of customs data.

By George G. Msuya

Revamped border crossing in Busia between Uganda and Kenya AU ECHO 2019 25

Customs administration brings the of delays at customs area the economic cooperation bodies. connection to international trade by Basically, in Africa we have five major illuminating every transaction that is Globalization has led trade into a new era economic cooperation bodies, SADC, involved through export and import. of e-commerce. As large a continent as COMESA, ECOWAS, EAC & SACU. The Quality customs data and data integrity Africa is, business can be promoted even main objectives of these bodies are can portray the real situation of how more via internet, media and business not only preferences gained through much the country is exporting and forums. The world today is operating in trade agreement, but also security disclose competitive items coming the sphere of information communication and maintenance of peace among through importation. This information and technology (ICT), businesses are community members. from customs administration can provide advertised through online platforms, the roadmap for a country to direct its payment is conducted electronically, Most of African countries have signed up resources well and respond to the global customs administrators receive and assess to more than one economic community trade competition. invoices & bills of lading electronically body for one reason or another. For through banks in the absence of physical instance, Kenya gains customs duties It has been observed that, introduction goods. The significance of e-commerce in relief to trade with Tanzania based on the of automation system for processing intra- African trade should not be under EAC, but to trade with South Africa it customs data has brought great revolution estimated. would be required to pay full customs to different countries especially less duties. South Africa is not a member of developed and developing countries, by The African Continental Free Trade Area the EAC but a member of SADC and producing quality customs data which (AfCFTA) should implement and establish SACU. Therefore, For Kenya to trade with generated higher government revenue a uniform customs automated system South Africa and gain trade preference, it collection, transparences and trade which can link to all customs authorities should open an industry in Tanzania under facilitation. Tanzania began reformation and in Africa. This will solve the challenges SADC in order to trade with South Africa; modernization in 1992, by restructuring of irregularities for African commodities’ this situation leads to trade deflation. customs tariff laws and establishing a classification i.e. HS Code grouping, semi –autonomous authority responsible and control risks of mis-invoicing and Among the objectives of the formation for collection of government revenue in undervaluation. The Automated Customs AfCFTA is to develop regional value chains, 1996. In 2005 the Authority introduced System (Integrated Supply Chain fostering infrastructure and industrial the Automated System for Customs Data Management – ISCM) will integrate and development on the African continent. (ASYCUDA) through UNCTAD. Since then manage outbound goods at the point of Reviewing and reformation of customs the clearance average time taken from exit-export and inbound goods at the point tariffs will facilitate African goods to lodgment to issuance of release across entry – import. This system will used to compete in a fair game within Africa., airports has decreased from 4 days to 9 identify African produced commodities Goods produced in West Africa will be hours and 7 days to 48 hours across sea and receive preferential treatment. Any treated the same with goods produced ports when the cargo is already offloaded goods which do not originate from Africa in East and Southern Africa will not qualify for preferential treatment. from the vessels Moyale One Stop Border Post, Along In this way, African products will be the Isiolo-Hawassa Road between Among the key important issues that able to compete Kenya& should be observed and addressed within Africa and with regard to the AfCFTA pertaining the outside world; to customs administration are the two and manufacturing areas of Harmonization and Simplification industries will be of Customs Procedures and Reviewing promoted. and Reformation of Customs Tariff on the Rules of Origin; Reviewing and Reformation of Harmonization and Simplification of Customs Tariff on Customs Procedures the Rules of Origin Customs procedures refer to clearance One of the of imports, exports and goods in transit prevailing from the time of lodgment of customs challenges in documents up to the release of goods Regional Economic to the importer. Using automated Communities systems, customs documents can be (REC’s) is the lodged before the arrival of goods, be determination of processed and payment done before the customs tariffs arrival of physical goods. This can reduce based on rules the clearance time and unnecessary cost of origin under 26 AU ECHO 2019

SILENCING THE GUNS

Silencing the Guns in Africa

eace and stability are key ingredients Kenya Burnt these had reduced to around seven, due to the efforts for any nation to achieve its social and 5,250 Illegal of the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC). P Guns to to developmental goals. When there is encourage peaceful coexistence between the citizens Peace and The achievements in the reduction in conflicts is as a of a nation, and between a nation and its stability wihtin result of the efforts deployed by the Member States the Nation neighbours, the opportunities for social, cultural of the AU in promoting peace, security, stability and and economic interaction and integration increase. development to all African citizens by facilitating dialogue-centered conflict prevention and mediation, Promoting peace, security and stability on the as well as peacebuilding efforts in Member States continent is one of the key activities of the African emerging from violent conflicts, specifically the Union (AU), as the linkages between peaceful strengthening of national infrastructures for peace. In environment and sustainable development are addition, the AU deploys troops for the protection of naturally evident. citizens in conflict zones to maintain peace and bring stability in the continent. However, the emergence The AU Agenda 2063 places importance on the of terrorism and violent extremism affecting parts of aspiration for a peaceful and secure Africa and one of Northern Africa, the Sahel, Western and Central Africa the Flagship Initiatives is that of Silencing the Guns has changed the nature of armed conflict requiring new by 2020 which aims to drive the African agenda to strategies to identify and address the causal factors end all wars, civil conflicts, gender based violence leading to armed conflict. and violent conflicts and prevent genocide. The African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Significant progress has been made towards The African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), Silencing the Guns in Africa in spite of the common is the African Union’s blue print for the promotion of narrative of Africa being a continent always at war peace, security and stability in Africa. The central pillar with itself, with severe humanitarian consequences. of the APSA is the PSC, which is the AU’s standing In 2002 when the AU was formed as the successor decision making organ for the prevention, management to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), there and resolution of conflicts as well as, on Post-Conflict were around 28 conflicts/crises situations. By 2009 Reconstruction and Development. The • Recommended the declaration PSC is supported, in the discharge of its of the African Day, 25 May, as mandate, by various structures, namely: an Amnesty Day for surrender the AU Commission, the Panel of the and collection of illegally owned Wise, the Continental Early Warning weapons/arms to designated System (CEWS), the African Standby national law enforcement Force (ASF) and the AU Peace Fund. agencies; The PSC has developed the AU Master • Multi-stakeholder collaborative Roadmap (AUMR) on Practical Steps to effort - AUC, Regional Silence the Guns in Africa. The Master Economic Communities (RECs), Roadmap is premised on the principle policy makers, civil society that Africa should assertively assume organisations, private sector- to total responsibility for its destiny by take all necessary measures to fostering lasting peace and stability, fully implement the AU Master which contributes to building prosperity Roadmap to find sustainable and the well-being of African Citizens The solutions to conflict/crises Destroying Excess Weapons in Roadmap is geared towards effective situations in the continent. Niger Weakens Terrorists in the interventions on conflict prevention, Sahel and Sahara management, resolution and post-conflict Some of the ongoing actions being reconstruction and development, which taken by the AU to deliver on Silencing arms shall not be subjected would contribute to the goal of Silencing the Guns include to disclosure humiliation, the Guns in Africa. Within the framework • Establishment of the AU Peace arrest or prosecution; of APSA, the AU continues to work with Fund to secure financing for b. Persons who fail to strategic partners such as the European Africa’s peace support operations surrender their illegally Union (EU), United Nations (UN) and other and to promote Africa’s owned weapons/arms bilateral partners in its efforts towards ownership of its peace and beyond the Africa Amnesty attaining peace on the continent. security agenda by establishing a foundation for creating a more month, shall automatically The Peace and Security Council responsive international peace be considered to be in meeting held in June 2017 made several and security architecture violation of national laws recommendations on working towards • Establishment of the Noukachott and the Amnesty and shall Silencing The Guns including: and Processes for therefore be prosecuted • African Member States to sign, ratify the enhancement of security according to the national and implement all relevant AU and cooperation and intelligence laws of the Member States international instruments related sharing in the Sahel and Eastern c. All Member States, RECs/ to silencing the guns in Africa, in Africa regions, respectively, RMs as well as civil society particular the Arms Trade Treaty, to respond to existing and organizations shall give which will play a great role in this emerging security challenges wide publicity, through all initiative; such as extremism, terrorism media networks, to the • Encouraged political actors, especially and transnational threats. Africa Amnesty Month political parties and parliaments, to • Resource mobilisation through within their territories and foster conducive conditions that close partnership with relevant regions; contribute to the preservation stakeholders, in financing the of peace, security, stability, and African Union Mission in d. Member States will cohesion and encouraged them to (AMISOM). adhere to and promote the use Agenda 2063, as a guide for • Appointed of H.E. Ramtane Africa Amnesty Month, elaboration of their manifestos and Lamamra, of as the AU September each year, and programmes; High Representative for Silencing mobilise their citizens to • Highlighted the need to capacitate the Guns in Africa actively participate in the law enforcement agencies to enable • Declaration of September of efforts to silence the guns. them effectively contribute to each year, until 2020, as “Africa stopping inflow of illicit weapons into Amnesty Month for the surrender Africa, and at the same time curb the and collection of illegally owned circulation of illicit weapons within weapons and arms. During Africa the continent, and also enhance Amnesty Month: capacity to identify, seize and destroy a. Persons who surrender their illicit weapons; illegally owned weapons/ 28 AU ECHO 2019

SILENCING THE GUNS

H.E SMAIL CHERGUI ON THE THEME OF THE YEAR Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's Devlopment

uring the 50th Anniversary of the OAU/ D AU, African Heads of State and Government committed to Silence the Guns in Africa by 2020. What progress has been made to achieve this goal? Thank you very much for the opportunity to exchange on the progress and challenges made in our common effort to silence the guns in Africa.

First, the Peace and Security Department supported the Peace and Security Council in the development and adoption of the AU Master Roadmap of Practical Steps for Silencing the Guns. Currently, we are coordinating the initiatives undertaken by Member States, Regional Economic Communities and Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs), the United Nations (UN), civil society organizations, and other partners to realize our common aspiration: A conflict-free Africa by 2020. These initiatives have highlighted experiences and lessons learned which provide an opportunity for our Member States to adapt and better shape the implementation process of this continental flagship project.

At the same time, we continue to focus on the operationalization of many of our tools, including: The Continental Early Warning System, the , the African Union Border We need to transform African Programme, the Mediation Support Unit, the Network of defense and security forces into Women in Conflict Prevention and Mediation (FemWise-Africa), the Gender Peace and Security Programme and the recently professional national security launched Youth for Peace Africa initiative. institutions subject to civilian

We have also been working with our Member States to assist oversight in order to avoid them in identifying their structural vulnerabilities and resilience eruption or relapse into conflicts and to develop mitigation strategies through the Continental which perpetuate cycles of Structural Conflict Prevention Framework (CSCPF). We are supporting Member States’ National Peace Architectures violence and disrupt stabilization driven by the belief that the primary responsibility for peace- and peace-building efforts.” making lies with the Member States.

The AU Commission has put a strong emphasis on Regional We have also focused on the implementation of the AU Security Coordination Mechanisms in our efforts to fight Post Conflict and Reconstruction (PCRD) Policy, which terrorism through the Djibouti and Nouakchott Processes which demonstrates the AU’s commitment to comprehensively bring together Heads of Intelligence and Security Services address recovery and reconstruction in countries emerging from the Greater East Africa region and the Sahel. We also from conflict. Since the adoption of the PCRD policy in launched the African Union Mechanism for Police Cooperation 2006, the AU has provided a platform for coordination, (AFRIPOL), which is the equivalent of Interpol for the African coherence and the development of tools at regional continent. Moreover, the African Centre for the Study and and national levels. The recent establishment of the Research on Terrorism continues to guide us on how to address African Union Centre for Post-Conflict Reconstruction extremist threats. and Development will further consolidate the AU’s work on PCRD. In our peace support efforts, the decades and yet demonstrated a strong coastal countries. On the security front, operationalization of the African Standby will to end instability. Their efforts are there is a need for joint efforts as the Force and the Continental Logistics Base an example of the continental agenda challenges supersede the capacities of and Regional Logistics Depots, attest we pursue- “An integrated, prosperous some individual member states. There to our readiness to deploy in a timely and peaceful Africa, driven by its own is also a need to ensure implementation manner. citizens, representing a dynamic force of peace agreements and the adoption in the international arena”. Credit must of a comprehensive approach which As you may recall, the Peace and Security also be given to regional and international strengthens state presence in the Council also instituted the Africa Amnesty efforts that have helped deliver the peripheries, revives traditional conflict month, which is commemorated every positive changes we are witnessing. resolution mechanisms, tackles youth September by Member States, in order In terms of lessons learned, I would argue unemployment while ensuring that no one to facilitate reconciliation and thus that these developments have shown that is left behind in terms of development, promote the rebuilding of conflict affected successful interventions require sustained political engagement and justice. countries. commitment. One-off approaches do not work. Second, any peace agreement In , progress has been made We recognize the evolving nature of must be accompanied by the requisite but we expect more from the parties. I conflict in Africa and the new challenges resources. Failure to resource peace think that there is a general consensus they raise, such as climate change and agreements can reverse the gains that the crisis and the suffering of the the rise of inter-communal conflicts. made. Lastly, not a single entity can do South Sudanese people has lasted for too Our efforts and our successes are made it alone. Success requires cooperation and long. We expect a new government in the possible through inter-departmental collaboration with unity of purpose among near future as part of the agreement that collaboration, support from our Regional all stakeholders, as we accompany our will pave the way for the implementation Economic Communities/Regional Member States in their transition from of other key articles of the peace accord. Mechanisms and strong partnership with conflict to stability and peace. In all these efforts in , the Sahel and the UN and other international partners. South Sudan, we continue to emphasize On the other hand, some situations the importance of accountability as well. That said, it must be noted that in spite including in the Sahel, South Sudan of the progress made, the continent and Libya continue to be of grave Over 10 years of AMISOM supporting continues to be confronted with crises concern. What impetus do you think the people of Somalia towards stability such as the situations in Libya, Mali and must be given to steer these towards and peace: What are the lessons learned the Sahel, the Lake Basin, South the right track? and what is the way forward? Sudan, instability in the Horn, proliferation The protracted conflicts in Libya, the Sahel In Somalia, significant progress has of armed groups in the Great Lakes region, and South Sudan are indeed priorities for been made. The Federal Government of as well as elections and governance the AU. The reality is that not everything Somalia with the support of AMISOM related challenges. More needs to be that has been tried has worked. We need and other international partners has been done to ensure strong linkages between to build on what has been achieved. We able to expand its authority throughout peace and security efforts on the one hand also need to be more innovative. the country. In 2007, the then Transitional and development initiatives on the other. Federal Government controlled a few roads In Libya, there is a need to bring to an in the capital. Today, we are discussing The peace end to the external interferences that the handover of security responsibilities deal, the political transition in Sudan increase the risk of confrontation and from AMISOM to Somali security forces. and the first ever-democratic transition whose motives have nothing to do with More recently, the International Monetary in the Democratic Republic of Congo the fundamental interests of the Libyan Fund’s Executive Board approved a are some encouraging examples of people. The AU remains committed to an financing plan that will help the IMF cover continental will to achieve progress. inclusive political solution in which the its share of debt relief for Somalia. Why do you think we have seen these voices of all political and social actors are positive changes? And what are some taken into account. As such, progress has been made of the lessons learned? but challenges remain as extremists Credit must be given to the people of In the Sahel, the threat of terrorism continue to carry out suicide attacks these countries, who have suffered for is expanding and even threatening as demonstrated by the attacks on 30 AU ECHO 2019

December 27, 2019 and January 8, 2020. Extremists also extort Plan which represents Somalia’s vision to take over from AMISOM and assassinate in areas under their control and we continue to primary responsibility for the security and stabilization of Somalia. witness tensions between the centre and the periphery. Fifth, AMISOM’s exit is not underpinned by the completion of We have learnt a number of lessons from our engagement in all processes in Somalia. Currently all our efforts are directed Somalia. to the achievement of the AMISOM 2018 to 2021 Concept of Operations designed to support the implementation of the First, the primacy of continuous political engagement. Political Somali Transition Plan, which has a similar timeline. As part engagement is key to reconcile the Somali people, to assist of our strategy, the AU Peace and Security Council has called them in securing a consensus on the state that they want, for the revitalization of the tripartite MoU between the AU, the army that they want and most importantly, it guides our IGAD and the UN through the immediate operationalization of support efforts. In Somalia we are involved in both conflict appropriate coordination mechanisms in support of Somalia’s resolution and counter terrorism efforts. We cannot efficiently efforts towards taking full responsibility of its security by 2021 implement our mandate without securing unity of purpose and ensuring inclusive politics to guarantee sustainable peace. of the parties. I often remind those who seek to box AMISOM as simply a military endeavor that the Peace and Security Council Lastly, Somalia needs coordinated and sustained political and assigned AMISOM three areas of intervention; civilian, military financial support from the AU, UN, EU, bilateral partners and and police. It recognized that our role was not only limited the wider international community. to military aspects. As Somalia transitions, these other two components will increasingly play an important role. Why is security sector reform and governance a key priority Second, robust AU peace support operations are both necessary for silencing the guns? and relevant. The nature of the conflict and threat in Somalia Security Sector Reform (SSR) is indeed a key conflict prevention, requires a robust response to create the required stability and crisis management and mediation tool as highlighted in the AU security for the facilitation of humanitarian assistance and to SSR Policy Framework of 2013. The AU recognises the need to enable an environment conducive for the political process. transform African defense and security forces into professional national security institutions subject to civilian oversight in order Third, the need for AMISOM to have the requisite capacity and to avoid eruption or relapse into conflicts which perpetuate cycles ability to pre-empt, prevent and respond to the threats posed by of violence and disrupt stabilization and peace-building efforts. Al Shabaab which include direct attacks on civilians, government and AMISOM personnel and installations, in line with its mandate As stipulated in the 2013 AU Policy Framework on SSR, it is as given by the PSC-to protect civilians and extend state authority therefore critical for countries to “formulate or re-orient the and control across Somalia. Although the UN Security Council authorizes AMISOM, the mandating authority remains the AU Peace and Security Council. Hence there is a need to align the mandate of the PSC with that of the UNSC. We still call for more alignment of the political direction of the two councils to ensure unambiguous direction to AMISOM and support to the Somalis.

Fourth, our efforts are focused on supporting Somali institutions in creating the enabling security and political environment. Over the past 12 years, AMISOM has been able to assist the Somali authorities in successfully conducting two elections, and we are currently involved in planning a third. Our success was a direct result of AMISOM’s support in strengthening Somali institutions. Currently, we have achieved good progress in supporting the implementation of the Somali Transition

A young Seleka soldier walks in the region of Sibut, the north of the Central African Republic Catianne Tijerina/ International Photographer AU ECHO 2019 31

policies, structures, and capacities of with the demonstrable political will and that often those that are enrolled in armed institutions and groups engaged in the commitment of member states. groups or extremist movements come security sector, in order to make them from neglected regions. Addressing more effective, efficient, and responsive to You took charge of the Peace and these issues will create more unity in democratic control, and to the security and Security Department at a time when our Member States and make us less justice needs of the people”. It is important there was renewed momentum to vulnerable to external interferences. to note that although the majority of SSR address the scourge of violent conflicts processes have taken place in Africa, on the continent. Six years into this Not least, the constant invocation of these have been mostly informed by job, what continues to give you hope sovereignty by some of our member externally driven considerations, adopting for a brighter future? and what are states hampers our efforts to prevent processes and trajectories sometimes in some of the challenges that need to and mediate conflicts. Also our institutions discord with African realities and sources be addressed? need to be nimbler and responsive to of insecurity. That is why at the AU, we One of my favorite quotes is that of John the changing realities and the myriad of firmly believe that national and regional C. Maxwell, an American author who has challenges facing our continent. ownership of SSR initiatives is a condition extensively written on leadership. He once sine qua non for concrete security sector said that “ Where there is no hope in the If there is one strong message you would reforms on the continent. future, there is no power in the present.” want all African Heads of State and In light of these key considerations, the I am hopeful when I meet young men Government and other decision makers African Union decided on the theme of and women from the different parts of to take from this AU Summit, what would to convene of, “Security Sector Reform Africa. Half of the continent is under it be? and Governance in Africa: Evolving 20, which will represent a formidable Principles and Practices from Prevention, workforce and they are ambitious. They Our continent is at a crossroad. It holds Peacemaking and Peacebuilding are not ready to settle for less as we saw a lot of promise, but it is equally facing Interventions”, for its 10th High Level in the streets of Tunis, Ouagadougou, and unprecedented challenges. There is no Retreat on the Promotion of Peace, Khartoum etc. They want governments reason why Africa should continue to Security and Stability in Africa, held in that serve the people, and not people lag behind. The AU is and will only be as Djibouti on 29 and 30 October 2019. that are serfs to the leaders. We need to strong as its member states want it to be. The retreat sought to review the AU’s work with them, to equip them with the existing Security Sector Reform/ values that drove our forefathers who Governance instruments and partnerships, fought for African independence. Indeed, “ Where there is no hope and their effectiveness in preventing, the demographic dividend is an asset for in the future, there is no managing and resolving conflicts, and to Africa if well harnessed; but the youth power in the present. address the challenges of incorporating bulge can also represent an imminent security sector reform/governance and present threat if governments do John C. Maxwell (SSR/G) dimensions into conflict not meet their needs, particularly with prevention, mediation and the effective regards to job opportunities. implementation of peace agreements. In my view, there are four challenges, It is with this in mind and with a recognized which if not addressed, could leave the need for increased coordination among continent in a far worse state. The first, political partners that we have established is impunity, when you look at the root the AU Steering Committee on SSR to causes of many conflicts or radicalization; provide a consistent and institutionalized impunity is always on top of the list. platform where the AU, the RECs, Regional Many countries continue to be haunted Mechanisms for Conflict Prevention by crimes committed decades ago that and Management (RMs), the UN, and remain unpunished. Second, the lack of international Partners can jointly identify inclusivity. Societies that discriminate priorities. This platform also enables against a certain segment of their discussions on aligning approaches and populations are creating fertile ground providing guidance to Member States for future conflicts. Third, is jobless growth on means to enhance and streamline and inequalities. Our economies continue security sector governance in all aspects to grow but they are not creating jobs of conflict prevention and resolution. As for our young people. As a result, the the principal organ on peace and security rich are getting richer while the poor matters, the Peace and Security Council are getting poorer. Fourth, the unequal will continue to encourage SSR processes distribution of resources. Just like the in relevant Member States. I must here lack of inclusivity, the unequal distribution state clearly that, ultimately, meaningful of resources marginalizes categories of progress in this area can only be achieved people in our societies. It’s not surprising, SILENCING THE GUNS

A call to Serve Africa: Women in Peace and Security

he year was 1986, and she was 19 years T old. Tenneh Puteteh Sesay walked into the examination room to sit her finals at the National School of Nursing in . This would lead to her qualifying as a State Registered Nurse (SRN).

Right there, in front of her stood a young female captain, resplendent in military uniform. Her name was Ms. Chinsman Johnson, and she was the exam invigilator.

“She had an aura of soft authority, and the officers saluted her, including the men. It was inspiring to see, considering I grew up in a community where women were relegated to the kitchen as housewives. That lady inspired me to join the military,” says Lt. Col. Puteteh Sesay.

Tenneh Puteteh Sesay enlisted in the Sierra Leone Armed Forces immediately after completing her SRN exams and twenty-eight years later, Ms. Puteteh now 52, is a Lieutenant Colonel, four ranks shy of becoming a Lieutenant General, the highest in the Sierra Leonean military.

“But it’s not about ranks, really,” says the mother of four. “As long as I serve, that’s the highest calling I aspire to. My husband, Retired Major Samuka Sesay, always Lieutenant tells me ranks can always come Colonel Tenneh whenever, as long as I serve,” she Puteteh Sesay adds. Military Gender Serving in AMISOM Focal Points of the African And serve, she does. Lt. Col Tenneh Union Mission Puteteh Sesay is as of December in Somalia (AMISOM) 2019, the highest ranking female attend Gender military officer serving in the Awareness African Union Mission in Somalia Training in Mogadishu AU ECHO 2019 33

(AMISOM). and countless military courses that include one in Stabilisation and Peace Support Operations from the UK. She is one of five officers running a unique AMISOM capability called Civilian Casualty Tracking, Analysis, and Reporting Cell She has also worked in several private and military hospitals (CCTARC). in Sierra Leone, and risen through the ranks, working in nearly every hospital department. The African Union Peace and Security Council created CCTARC in 2015 out of a realisation that casualties of war could impact She has helped women deliver their babies for 12 years, headed on AMISOM operations. CCTARC captures and records reported the maternity ward at Daru Military Hospital in Sierra Leone, incidents of civilian casualties within AMISOM’s area of operation headed the paediatric ward, antenatal clinic and accident and and supports the force to maintain relations with the locals. emergency wards at 34 Military Hospital in Freetown, and overseen training programmes in the hospitals. “We follow up on harm caused to civillians arising from AMISOM engagements while out in the field fighting terrorism, whether While in AMISOM, she concurrently holds the post of Director it’s a road traffic accident or someone caught up in an armed fire of Medical Services in Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Defence, a exchange. Ultimately, our work leads to investigations where post she will return to after her tour of duty in Somalia. the end is casualties getting medical care, and bereaved families receiving ex gratia payment. It’s not compensation since nothing Puteteh’s first assignment in the military was on March 2, 1991, can compensate life; it’s a support package,” says Lt. Col Puteteh. just three weeks before the outbreak of the 11-year-long civil war in Sierra Leone that claimed over 50 0000 lives. During her service in Somalia, she has trained AMISOM troops in best practices to prevent civilian casualties. She guides on “I was deployed to the frontline as a rescue nurse; I was only response mechanisms like the use of ambulance emergency 24. I would carry my rifle on one side and a distressed casualty response in combat situations and reporting incidents of civilian and first aid kit on the other. From gouged-out stomachs to casualties. spilled brains and broken limbs, I saw it all. We tried to serve everyone, airlifting some to hospitals,” she recalls. She has fostered healing of bereaved families through counselling, encouragement, and paving the way for a formal inquiry into Puteteh says what she saw on the frontline, and saving casualties incidents. of war, gave her the heart to serve. That is why she didn’t hesitate when she was deployed to serve in AMISOM. “Cases involving death are delicate, considering a right to life has been violated. Our intervention here is key and helps mend She is the only female in her unit of five, but it doesn’t bother relations,” she states. her. Instead, she feels privileged to serve in a male-dominated mission. Lt. Col. Puteteh’s assignment to an AMISOM unit dealing with war casualties follows a record of distinguished service as a “For me it reaffirms my belief that whatever a man can do, a professional nurse in the military. woman can do even better. My male colleagues and I perform the same tasks, and I haven’t failed. In fact, I contribute perspectives Being a medic in the military that none of my colleagues think about,” she says. Since she was already a registered nurse when she joined the military, Lt. Col Puteteh furthered her nursing studies after Puteteh feels she has made a difference, but also learnt a lot cadet training. during her term of service in AMISOM because of the mission’s multinational environment.

“The civil war in Sierra Leone ended with intervention from other I was deployed to the frontline as a countries. So, my serving in Somalia is an opportunity to return rescue nurse; I was only 24. I would a favour, as an individual and as a Sierra Leonean,” she says. carry my rifle on one side and a The African Union Special Envoy on Women, Peace, and distressed casualty and first aid kit on Security, Bineta Diop, greets the Chief of the AMISOM Civilian Casualty Tracking, Analysis, and Reporting Cell the other. From gouged-out stomachs (CCTARC), Lieutenant Colonel Tenneh Puteteh Sesay. Ms. to spilled brains and broken limbs, I Diop was on a joint UN-AU Solidarity Mission to Somalia saw it all”

Lt. Col. Puteteh Sesay She would later qualify as a State Certified Midwife at the National School of Midwifery in Sierra Leone in 1988 before joining Fourah Bay College at the University of Sierra Leone. In 1990, she graduated with a Certificate in Tropical Community Medicine.

Since then she has achieved a host of medical qualifications from different colleges in the USA, China, the United Kingdom and Sierra Leone – including two diplomas, several certificates, 34 AU ECHO 2019

SILENCING THE GUNS

AMB. MATIAS BERTINO MATONDO Au Special Representative and Chief of MISCA

hy is there a presence of the African Union in the W Central African Republic? To put it briefly, I would say that the African Union (AU) has always been beside the Central African Republic (CAR), a founding member of the OAU. Having said that, in the recent past, the robust and the significant presence of the AU was necessitated following the serious crisis experienced by the CAR in 2013 with an outburst of unspeakable violence in the country. At its 380th meeting on the situation in the CAR, the These are in summary what we are undertaking daily in CAR and AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) decided to establish an the region, of course with an African approach in the process. African Union led International Support Mission for the Central African Republic (AFISM-CAR) better known by its acronym How have the people of the CAR benefitted from the presence MISCA. As you know MISCA was a multidimensional civil-military of the AU in CAR? & police mission made up of African contingents. Both the people and the Central African leaders show us this fraternal gratitude on a daily basis. I have just mentioned that I think it is widely recognised today that MISCA from December MISCA has successfully stabilised the security situation and is 2013 to September 2014, fulfilled its mandate, namely: protection the foundation on which MINUSCA is building effective peace of civilians and the restoration of security and public order, the throughout the territory. You will also remember that the AU stabilisation of the country and the restoration of state authority, facilitated in July 2014 with the Mediator at the time President the reform and restructuring of the defense and security sector, Sassou Nguesso, an Agreement for the Cessation of Hostilities and the creation of conditions conducive to the provision of in Brazzaville between the different armed groups which enabled humanitarian assistance to the needy populations. this deployment of the MINUSCA under fairly favorable and less Following the successful transfer of authority from MISCA to hostile conditions. the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Besides, we have implemented several projects in CAR. I Mission in CAR (MINUSCA), which took place in Bangui, on can quote, among other things, the project on gender-based September 15, 2014. At the same period on September 17, sexual violence in partnership with the NGO Médecins d'Afrique 2014, the AU’s PSC decided to continue to maintain a strong between 2014 and 2016 and the rehabilitation of several presence in the CAR to enable the AU to continue supporting community hospitals as part of this partnership; the improvement the efforts to promote peace, security and stability in the CAR, of adduction water and construction of boreholes in the 3rd for the transformation of MISCA into an AU Mission for the CAR District of Bangui, in particular at PK5 with the ICRC in 2016; and Central Africa (MISAC) and also to enable the AU, in close support for the electoral process with a financial contribution coordination with Economic Community of Central African States from the AU and dispatch of electoral experts and observers in (ECCAS), MINUSCA, and other relevant international actors, to 2016; support for the DDR Commission with the delivery of a continue to support the ongoing national efforts, with particular rolling stock comprising ten vehicles including tankers, trucks, focus on support to the political transition, the organszation of buses and ambulances in 2017; support for the Truth-Justice- elections, national reconciliation, support for the disarmament, Reconciliation Commission; an endowment of IT equipment to demobilisation, rehabilitation, and reintegration process, as the Central African Government in 2019 and so on. well the security and justice sectors reform, post-conflict reconstruction, gender, and facilitation of coordination between In addition, in line with the AU's goal to find African solutions to the AU-led Regional Cooperation Initiative for the Elimination African problems, the peace process in CAR through the African of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA) and MINUSCA, in Initiative chaired by the AU initiated in 2017 and composed of the discharge of their respective mandates, and support more a Panel (representatives of the countries of the region) made it effectively the efforts of the countries of the region aimed at possible to create an initial agreement between the Government promoting peace, security, and stability in the region. and the armed groups which contributed to the dialogue and then to the negotiations in Khartoum We have to admit that the humanitarian in Sudan under the leadership of the situation in CAR recently worsened at Commissioner for Peace and Security of the end of October 2019 with floods in the AU, Ambassador Smail Chergui. It is Bangui and certain localities of the country this African approach under the auspices following the torrential rains which caused of the AU that led to the signature the flood of the Oubangui River. More between the Government and 14 armed than 57,000 people have been affected groups, under the auspices of the AU with at least 10,000 homes destroyed Mediator, of the Political Agreement for and this has resulted in large numbers Peace and Reconciliation in the Central of displaced persons and a significant African Republic, February 6, 2019, in health crisis. Bangui. You know, we don’t aim to solve the It is an opportunity for me to show Central African crisis in a few days. The appreciation again to the countries of implementation process may not be the region and the partners for their progressing at the desired pace, but multifaceted contributions in this process. efforts are made every day to speed it up. This is what Indeed, we are still far from fulfilling the the Executive Committee expectations of the population due to monitoring the Agreement the nature of the crisis and that is why I and which co-chaired by the appeal to the CAR partners on the need Central African Government to mobilise the necessary additional Prime Minister and the AU resources, to implement socio-economic represented by me, is working development projects with rapid impact, on. Several commitments as a peace dividend in areas where the remain unsatisfied and several state is being redeployed across the challenges remain such as: the country. launch of the working group on inclusiveness, citizenship The security and humanitarian situation and the protection of in CAR remains worrying despite the minorities; the intensification signing of the Peace Agreement on of the awareness-raising and February 6, 2019, in Bangui, what is popularisation campaign on causing the problem? How does one the Agreement; the adoption explain the continuation of violence in of the law on decentralisation; the country following the Agreement? the review of the law on parties As a whole, I note with satisfaction a and political organizations; significant drop in violence since the the status of former Heads signing of the Peace Agreement, while of State; the preparation of a expressing my concern at the hostile transhumance management acts which continue to be perpetrated plan at the national and sub- in the country. In this regard, I echo the regional level; the immediate AU Peace and Security Council which implementation of the modalities of free strongly condemned the clashes between Soldiers serving with the movement and removal of illegal barriers; African-led International the armed groups in Birao and in the and the operationalisation of the Truth, Support Mission to the Vakaga District in general which have Central African Republic Justice, and Reconciliation Commission resulted the loss of many lives and the (MISCA) (TJRC) among others. displacement of more than 15,000 people. It is an opportunity for me to emphasise I am hopeful that measures will be taken the need for all signatories to scrupulously by the various actors in the desired respect the provisions of the Agreement, direction with the speed required given in particular, the ceasing of hostilities the current situation in the country. throughout the territory. My message and that of the entire international community We have observed in CAR a certain is also firm concerning all those who level of competition between several seek to hinder the implementation of international actors and other partners the Agreement and the comprehensive who intervene in the sector of Security peace process in CAR, that they will System Reform. Do you not think that answer for their actions and that the AU such a situation is of concern to the AU PSC and the UN Security Council remain as the Guarantor of the Agreement? committed to considering appropriate The AU has always stressed the need punitive measures. for a holistic approach to peace efforts in the CAR, which cannot be separated from those aimed at improving the living Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's Development

#SilencingTheGuns

Ernest Hemingway

www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 37 conditions of the people of the CAR for our continent is a reality in CAR. UN-EU) insisted on a strong message wounded by so many years of instability The stabilisation of the CAR will also so that the presidential and legislative and violence. promote the dynamics of peace and elections planned for December 2020- sub-regional security, the foundation of 2021 are held on the due date. They also Progress has been made in the all socio-economic development and confirmed their determination to work for reconstruction of the Central African promote exchanges and the integration of these elections to be free and peaceful. Armed Forces (FACA) and given the populations in this Community in particular In the same spirit, the 3 organisations significant progress made by the and Africa in general. reaffirmed that any inclination to want authorities of the CAR in its efforts to to force a transition will not be tolerated reform the security sector, the AU through General elections in CAR are scheduled and that there will be no other democratic the CPS during its 884th meeting, wishes, for 2020-2021, with violence continuing alternative than the actual holding of the in particular, to lift the embargo to this end. on the ground and some opposition elections in 2020, following the electoral members of a platform composed also calendar. Besides, I also welcome the launch from a civil society called “E ZINGO by President Touadera, on October 16, BIANI” demanding a transition. In I take this opportunity to appeal to the 2019, in Bouar, in north-west CAR, of the such a context do you think that the international community for a strong Special Mixed Security Units (SMSU). In elections will be held calmly and on mobilisation around funding and support this regard, the AU, with EU funding, has time? for the 2020-2021 elections in CAR. committed to pay SMSU food premiums The electoral process constitutes a priority during the "training and deployment" stage for the consolidation of democratic Any final words? phases. The AU begun payment of the gains and the stability of the CAR. I once I encourage the people of the Central said premiums since October 23, 2019. again urge the Central African actors to African Republic, including the signatory The AU plans to deploy in the coming respect the upcoming 2020/2021 electoral and non-signatory parties, political actors, days to Bouar the first Military Observers, deadlines and to ensure that they are free, civil society and associations of women 15 in number. I note on this subject, the transparent and peaceful. and young people, to continue to support arrival of a first 04 MilOps team in Bangui. the implementation of the Agreement, I also want to be very clear: this is not which remains the only way for the return You know the SMSU is an important lever about any umpteenth transition. The AU to lasting peace throughout the territory. to revitalise the process of implementing rejects any idea of a new transition in the Political Agreement and national CAR and further reaffirms the need for all I reiterate the will of the AU to continue reconciliation and essential for forming parties to work in good faith to organise within the framework of African solidarity, an esprit de corps. and hold these elections, which are part to support the efforts of all the Central of the consolidation process of peace in African Institutions and the population Also, among the main activities of the the CAR. in the implementation of the Peace Agreement, there is the acceleration of Agreement, good conduct of upcoming the national Disarmament-Demobilization- The international community has also elections and stabilisation of CAR. Reintegration (DDRR) program which made this clear during the recent high- consists of disarming armed groups level joint visit of the African Union-United Finally, I welcome the continued support and avoiding the proliferation of small Nations-European Union from 4 to 7 of the Economic Community of Central arms and light weapons in CAR and the October 2019 in CAR, composed of the African States, (ECCAS),co-guarantor sub-region. In this regard, the SMSU Commissioner for Peace and Security of of the Peace Agreement and welcome constitutes a vehicle towards this great the AU, The Deputy Secretary-General the exemplary cooperation between the DDRRR. I emphasise that the effective of the United Nations in charge of the African Union, the United Nations, and and full implementation of the Peace Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the European Union, in close coordination Agreement in CAR by scrupulously and the Director-General - Africa of the with the countries of the region, in the respecting the commitments made by European External Action Service of efforts of stabilisation and socio-economic all actors is also part of the AU program the European Union, who was part of recovery of CAR, and I can assure you that on Silencing the Gun in Africa in 2020. the follow-up implementation of the our three organisations and other partners Agreement. will continue our coordinated commitment In this respect, the AU, through its in favor of promotion of peace, security, representation in Bangui, MISAC, will During all the meetings with their and stability in CAR. spare no effort so that this noble and interlocutors, the three organisations (AU- imperative objective which is beneficial 38 AU ECHO 2019

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the Horn of Africa, and greatest achievements complex competition FemWise Africa is registered by the AU, Closing between super powers is the involvement of which has scaled up the only Network women and girls in the militarization of of Women the peace process. the some parts of the For instance, the continent. Social and mediators long-term deployment economic discontent of members of the Gender as a result of youth globally and it Network of African unemployment, gender Women in Conflict inequality, extreme mobilises women Prevention and Gap: poverty, and economic Mediation – commonly disparities constitute and girls from all known as FemWise- the structural factors Africa, to support the Deepening that fuel the wheels of over the continent AU Liaison Offices in these conflicts. Sudan and South Sudan Women's and the diaspora has been lauded as Notwithstanding, a progressive way to and Girl's recent years have to promote and support formal peace seen many African processes in the Participation countries invest in professionalise countries but also in furthering gender counting the benefits in peace & equality and women’s the role of to the region. The long- empowerment. This term deployment of is evidenced in the African women Security the mediators have increasing number of been useful and timely, adoption of legislation in mediation especially in ensuring and policies to protect that women, and their Significant advances have processes, and promote the rights concerns, are included been made in reducing violent of women and girls, and in the ongoing efforts S conflicts in Africa, however conflict prevent violence against to transform Sudan many African countries and them; the readmission and South Sudan, and regions remain trapped in a prevention and of teenage mothers back accompany them along vicious cycle of conflict with devastating to school; integration of the path towards peace. consequences that undermine the peace-making an increasing number FemWise is the only continent’s development and integration of women in defence Network of Women agenda. The traditional challenges to peace efforts. and security forces; mediators globally and and Security such as political competition, and demobilisation and ethnic tensions or electoral violence are reintegration of child now exacerbated by emerging non- soldiers in countries We should be intentional in traditional security challenges such as emerging from terrorism and transnational crime, drug conflicts. However, championing the cause for youth trafficking in the Sahelo-Saharan region or challenges remain with and young women leaders’ regards to women’s representation in empowerment, not as privilege I acknowledge the governance structures but as an undeniable necessity of and peace processes, our collective future. efforts of all women women’s economic across the continent empowerment, as well and the diaspora who as with respect to early Uhuru Kenyatta, President of the marriages and harmful Republic of Kenya. continue to work very traditional practices.

hard to build the Africa In reviewing the it mobilises women we want gender dimensions in and girls from all over the maintaining and the continent and the creating new avenues Moussa Faki Mahamat– diaspora to promote and mechanisms for and professionalize the Chairperson, African peace and security in role of African women Union Commission the continent, one of the The AU Commissioner for Peace and Security, the UN Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, the Executive Director of UN WOMEN and the Co-Chair of the AU Network of Women Mediators (FemWise) briefed the AU Peace and Security Council on their joint mission to South Sudan

in mediation processes, conflict prevention and peace- making efforts.

Agenda 2063 places great import on the need to establish peace and stability in the continent as a key component of ensuring that the national and continental development agendas can be achieved. “Aspiration 4” of Agenda 2063 envisions a peaceful and secure Africa and calls for the strengthening of governance, accountability and transparency as a foundation for peace, as well as the implementation of mechanisms that ensure the prevention and resolution of conflicts including the use of a dialogue- centred approach to conflict prevention and resolution.

Under the Agenda 2063 flagship project on Silencing the Guns by 2020, the AU advocates for the meaningful participation and leadership of women and their efforts towards promoting peace, enhancing good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law. The AU’s commitment is demonstrated in its policy formulation and allocation of resources - human, institutional and financial - towards attaining gender equality and women’s empowerment. These efforts also act as a catalyst towards the realization of Agenda 2063’s Aspiration 6, which recognises the centrality of women in Africa’s development and their role in the peace and security architecture.

The African Peace and Security Architecture road map

Officers from the Somali 2016–2020 recognizes gender, peace and security as Police Force and the African key to conflict prevention, management, resolution and Union Mission in Somalia post-conflict reconstruction. The road map sets out to (AMISOM) meet Internally Displaced People (IDPs) to strengthen women’s participation in peace, security sensitise them about Sexual and post-conflict reconstruction in Africa and improve and Gender-Based Violence at an IDP camp in Baidoa, the quality and effectiveness of agencies responsible Somalia for protecting women and children in conflict and post- conflict contexts. It aims to mainstream gender in the continental peace and security agenda and safeguard women’s increased participation and protection in times of conflict. Further, the AU strategy for Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (2017–2027) calls for equal participation of women in peace processes. 40 AU ECHO 2019 The time is ripe for us to catalyse our efforts, reinvigorate our commitments and raise our voices, loud and clear to say that Africa needs action; that Africa must walk the talk to break the cycle of violence on women and deprivation that ultimately continues to hold Africa in poverty and instability.”

Bineta Diop, AU Special young women involved in An opening for the protection of their rights, mediation, peacebuilding and ceremony is including putting an end to Envoy on Women, Peace held by the peacekeeping activities. African Union impunity on sexual and gender- and Security and the Somali based violence. The book features 20 African Police Force to women from across the commemorate The office supports the work Documenting stories on the impact of the beginning of African women’s contribution to peace continent, each with a chapter a new training of the AU Peace and Security that captures their story or program for the Department and the Women and security. force contribution towards Africa’s Gender and Development Year 2020 promises to be yet another Agenda 2063 initiative to Directorate to develop strong, year to advance the women and youth Silence the Guns as well as progressive and articulate agenda, especially, in consolidating the 4 pillars of UN Resolution policies to support the gains and upscaling efforts of women’s 1325 on prevention, protection, commitment towards the involvement in peace and security. As participation and/or relief and realisation of real transformation the AU rolls out initiatives for the theme recovery, as part of advancing for gender equality and women’s for the year 2020 on “Silencing the the peace and security agenda. empowerment. To ensure Guns: Creating Conducive conditions The book is part of the activities effective assessment of, and for Africa’s Development, it will also be for the 20th anniversary of the reporting on the delivery of the an opportunity to reaffirm the important United Nations Security Council commitments at the continental, role African women play in creating and Resolution 1325 on women, regional and national levels in maintaining peaceful and stable societies. peace and security and is also in Africa, the AU Continental line with the AU’s theme for the Results Framework (CRF) for This year also presents timely opportunities year 2020, “Silencing the Guns: Monitoring and Reporting on to enhance synergies and partnerships for Creating Conducive conditions the Implementation of the WPS African women around the world. Through for Africa’s Development”. The Agenda in Africa was instituted. such synergies and collaboration, the publication of the book comes The CRF provides twenty-eight African Union and the United Nations at a time the global community (28) indicators agreed upon by Office to the African Union (UNOAU) will is also commemorating the African countries for tracking and jointly publish a commemorative book 25th anniversary of the Beijing reporting on the implementation recognising and celebrating outstanding Platform for Action and the 5th of the WPS Agenda on African women who have exceptionally anniversary of UN Security prevention, participation, advanced the women, peace and security Council resolution 2250 on protection relief and recovery) agenda in Africa. The book honours the youth, peace and security. as well as emerging security work of African women in the areas of threats. conflict prevention and resolution, peace In 2014, the Chairperson of keeping and peace building, and seeks to the AU Commission appointed send a message of encouragement to Mme. Bineta Diop as the women across our continent and the rest Special Envoy on Women, Download the AU Continental of the world. It documents exceptional Peace and Security (WPS), with Results Framework (CRF) for stories and contributions of the women a mandate to promote and echo Monitoring and Reporting on the to peace and security on the continent, the voices of women in conflict Implementation of the Women and serves as a learning experience and prevention, management and Peace and Securuty Agenda in motivation to other women, especially resolution, as well as advocate Africa on www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 41

SILENCING THE GUNS

CLOSING THE GENDER GAP: WOMEN IN PEACE KEEPING The role of female peacekeepers in securing Somalia.

espite their importance, gender equality and mainstreaming, which immensely contributes to the success of D the number of women in the AMISOM, by helping tackle sexual and gender-based violence, advocating for the peacekeeping operations is still rights of vulnerable groups and capacitating their Somali counterparts. low due to gender imbalance in disciplined forces. The African Currently, the Troop and Police Contributing Countries (T/PCCs) are: Uganda, Nigeria, Union seeks to increase the participation Sierra Leone, Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, Chad, and . Amisom Police Daily Strength Report for 21st October 2019 of women in peacekeeping operations such as African Union Mission in Somalia ST (AMISOM), and in line with the UN AMISOM POLICE: DAILY STRENGTH REPORT FOR 21 OCTOBER 2019 Strength Nationality and Gender Representation resolution 1325 (adopted in 31 October 2000) ‘Reaffirming the important role of women in the prevention and SLT Contigent Sub-Total resolution of conflicts and in peace- PCC Male Female Total Male Female Male Female building’ AMISOM has continuously IPO FPU IPO FPU demonstrated its commitment to Uganda 0 0 24 140 14 20 164 34 198 promoting the participation of women Nigeria in peacekeeping operations with Troop 2 0 27 146 11 14 175 25 200 Contributing Countries being urged to Sierra Leone 0 0 23 130 13 30 153 43 196 help increase the number of women Kenya 0 0 28 0 10 0 28 10 38 in senior decision-making positions Ghana 0 0 29 12 10 1 41 11 52 within AMISOM military. Zambia 0 0 19 0 13 0 19 13 32 AMISOM continues to increase Chad 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 the number of female uniformed Zimbabwe 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 personnel, ensure women’s Total 4 0 150 428 71 65 582 136 718 participation and mainstream gender in the mission’s programmes and Gender Total % activities; increase the percentage of Representation female uniformed personnel deployed Male 582 81.05 to AMISOM by the Troop and Police Female 136 18.95 Contributing Countries, and ensure Total 718 100% the full, effective and meaningful participation of women across its operations and to integrate a gender Military female peace keepers perspective throughout the delivery of Female Pk Officers NCO Others Total its mandate. Currently, women constitute FHQ 4 0 0 4 19% percent of the AMISOM police component. 4 8 47 59 Uganda 24 228 143 455 Female peacekeepers in AMISOM act Kenya 3 23 06 32 as role models in the local environment, Djibouti 0 3 14 17 inspiring women and girls in often male-dominated societies to push for Ethiopia 5 56 165 226 their own rights and for participation in peace processes. Apart from fostering cordial relations with local communities, women peacekeepers have vital skills in information gathering. African female peacekeepers continue to mentor Somali Police Force officers in key areas including 42 AU ECHO 2019

SILENCING THE GUNS AFRICAN UNION MISSION IN SOMALIA (AMISOM)

he African Union (AU) Mission objectives of the 2018-2021 AMISOM equipment and mission, and to T in Somalia (AMISOM) was Concept of Operations and the Exit ensure the security and freedom established by the AU Peace Strategy from Somalia. The UN Security of movement of its personnel, as and Security Council (PSC)on Council Resolution 2472 of 2019 renewed well as of United Nations personnel 19 January 2007 to support AMISOM’s mandate until 31 May 2020, carrying out functions mandated by the Transitional Federal Institutions in with a third reduction of 1000 troops to a the Security Council; Somalia in their efforts towards dialogue maximum of 19,626, by 28 February 2020. 4. To secure key supply routes including and reconciliation; facilitate humanitarian The current mandate takes into account to areas recovered from Al-Shabaab, assistance; and create conditions conditions set out in the Somali Transition in particular those essential to conducive for long-term stabilisation, Plan, including the ability of Somalia to improving the humanitarian situation, reconstruction and development. generate able, accountable, acceptable and those critical for logistical support and affordable forces, as well as joint to AMISOM, underscoring that the In February 2007, the African Union AU/UN/FGS threat assessments of the delivery of logistics remains a joint deployed troops to Somalia. AMISOM conditions on the ground, in coordination responsibility between the United was initially deployed in Mogadishu for with relevant partners. six months with an initail mandate of six Nations and AU; months. The mandate was subsequently As per the UN Security Council Resolution 5. To conduct targeted offensive extended and expanded to include an 2372(2017) AMISOM is mandated to operations against Al-Shabaab and increase in operational scope and three pursue the following strategic objectives: other armed opposition groups, surges in uniformed personnel. Uganda 1. Enable the gradual handing over including jointly with the Somali was the first African country to deploy of security responsibilities from Security Forces; troops in Somalia in March 2007, followed AMISOM to the Somali security by several other African countries.. The forces contingent on abilities of the 6. To mentor and assist Somali security military and police contingents are from Somali security forces and political forces, both military and police, in Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, and security progress in Somalia; close collaboration with UNSOM Sierra Leone, and Uganda. and in line with the National Security 2. Reduce the threat posed by Al- Architecture; Since 2007, AMISOM’s mandate has been Shabaab and other armed opposition 7. To reconfigure AMISOM, as repeatedly renewed and modified by groups; security conditions allow, in favour both the AU PSC and the United Nations 3. Assist the Somali security forces of police personnel within the Security Council to provide security for the political authorized AMISOM personnel process at all levels as well as In July 2017, the PSC endorsed a gradual ceiling, and provide updates on stabilization, reconciliation and peace and phased reduction and reorganisation the reconfiguration through the building in Somalia. of AMISOM’s uniformed personnel, aimed Secretary-General; at providing a greater support role for Under the same UN Security Council 8. To receive on a transitory basis, the Somali National Security Forces to Resolution 2372 (2017), AMISOM is defectors, as appropriate, and in progressively take the lead in security also authorised to carry out the following coordination with the United Nations tasks. The PSC stressed the need to priority tasks to achieve these objectives: and the Federal Government of put on hold a proposed reduction of 1. Maintain a presence in the sectors Somalia. military personnel taking into account set out in the AMISOM Concept the capabilities of the Somali security of Operations, prioritizing the main AMISOM’s achievements forces to gradually take over security population centres; Despite the challenges, Somalia has responsibility from AMISOM and made remarkable progress. Some of the emphasised that reconfiguration of 2. To assist, as appropriate, the Somali developments that can be attributed to AMISOM should include the expansion security forces to protect the Somali the presence of the AU Mission are as of its civilian component. authorities to help them carry out follows: their functions of government, their • Relative peace has been restored In May 2019, the AU PSC proposed a efforts towards reconciliation and to the country, with the AMISOM renewed mandate of AMISOM for another peace building, and security for key working in conjunction with the 12 months until 27th May 2020, to infrastructure; Somali National Army, driving Al- support implementation of the Somali 3. To protect, as appropriate, its Shabaab and other armed groups Transition Plan. This is in line with the personnel, facilities, installations, out of major town centres and AU ECHO 2019 43

mission, AMISOM provides protection to United The African Union Mediation Support Nations personnel carrying Unit (AU MSU) is a mechanism established out functions mandated to deliver systematic and sustained support by the Security Council to the mediation work of the AU, including and international partners through the Panel of the Wise. It is located supporting Somalia. within the Peace and Security Department’s • International financial Crisis Management and Post-Conflict institutions, such as the Reconstruction Division. The MSU was International Monetary operationalised in March 2019, and forms part Fund and the World Bank of AU’s efforts to enhance the effectiveness have made a comeback to of the African Peace and Security Architecture Somalia, after a hiatus of (APSA). more than 25 years. The core functions of the AU MSU are : • The country’s • To provide technical and operational economic growth is on an upward support throughout the planning, AMISOM soldiers interact with the children designing, implementing and evaluating along the way of their daily routine of trajectory. After a successful ensuring peace and security amongst completion of the third Staff phases of AU-led or supported various regions in Africa Monitored Programme (SMP III), mediation and dialogue processes; Somalia has embarked on the • Develop the institutional capacity of the securing key infrastructure such as SMP IV covering May 2019 - July AU, including through the production State House, Parliament, seats of 2020 with focus on further efforts of relevant policy documents and regional administrations, airports and to mobilize revenues, expand and provision of mediation training to AUC seaports. deepen measures to build fiscal staff, Regional Economic Communities • The improvement in security has sustainability across the FGS and and Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) enabled Somalia to establish federal the Federal Member States (FMS). as well as Member States seeking to states following a successful state • Somalia’s diaspora population has strengthen their mediation capacity; formation process, allowing the returned to the country in large • Promote knowledge management and Somali authorities to carry out numbers and are investing millions sharing on AU mediation practices and functions of government, including of dollars in various businesses that lessons learned. The Unit will partner reconciliation, peacebuilding and have helped spur economic growth. with African Centres of Excellence and election preparation. • AMISOM, working with the Somali Civil Society Organizations to roll out • Somali Security Forces are Security Forces, created a secure its training programmes. gradually taking over the security environment that enabled the In its efforts to operationalise the MSU, of key installations in the country, country to hold successful electoral the Crisis Management and Post-Conflict a testimony of the effective training processes in 2012 and 2016/2017, Reconstruction Division has initiated the and mentoring of Somali police and which culminated in peaceful transfer development of an advanced training the consistent capacity building of power. manual (generic and themed curricula) of the state police, Darwish, and • The rebuilding of state institutions for enhancing the capacities of mediation regional security forces, by AMISOM. to deliver services, including in the support personnel. • Despite the asymmetric warfare education, water and health sectors • The generic advanced training is employed by Al-Shabaab and the is taking place, as a result of the designed as a simulation exercise that indiscriminate use of Improvised relative peace in the country. is supported with experience-sharing Explosive Devices by the militants • In liberated areas, AMISOM provides and peer to peer coaching, to address to cause fatalities to civilians, senior life-saving and early recovery basic the specific dimensions of mediation government officials and security support. Through its Civil-Military by the AU. forces including AU peacekeepers, Coordination (CIMIC) programme, • The themed curricula caters for specific AMISOM in joint operations with AMISOM has implemented several issues in mediation such as inclusivity, the Somali National Army have Quick Impact Projects that have constitutionalism, natural resource succeeded in liberating vast swathes improved the lives of populations management and power sharing among of the country from the control of in fragile parts of the country. others are also being developed. the militants- another testimony of They include the construction of These training packages will form the AU's effective AMISOM combat readiness schools, hospitals, police stations bespoke training on mediation and negotiation mentoring for Somali military forces. and boreholes. AMISOM military, in that reflects the organisation's culture and the • The country has ushered in a period its engagement with communities African values that have been tried and tested of stability on the political, security through CIMIC, also facilitates in various mediation efforts on the continent. and socio-economic fronts. There clearing up Main Supply Routes to The AU MSU is working closely with RECs/ is increased mobility and trade, enable free movement of goods and RMs to enhance coherence, coordination increased operations of international services among other things. airlines – both private and public and complementarity of mediation efforts, carriers. and ensure that mediation efforts across • In addition to protecting its personnel, Africa reflect the different actors’ comparative facilities, installations, equipment and advantages. 44 AU ECHO 2019

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No Sacrifice More women participate in community policing is too activities when they see small for Peace: fellow women in Somali Police uniform and other Chief women in AMISOM, Superintendent Ms. Kaintor’s role in the training and development unit is integral, as it directly impacts on the delivery of the of Police, AMISOM Police mandate. Esther Mary “I spearhead the development of training curriculums, organise and facilitate trainings. I also liaise with the Kaintor SPF leadership to keep tabs on their responsiveness to the trainings we roll ehind Esther Mary Kaintor’s laid out,” says Ms. Kaintor. B back, unassuming demeanour is a go-getter who will not Since her arrival on the mission, this settle for less. The 47-year- mother of two and wife to civilian Abdul old Chief Superintendent of Dukuray, has seen to the training needs Police (CSP) from Sierra Leone is one of more than 2,500 Somali police officers. of the two-highest ranking female police The training covers human rights, officers under the African Union Mission community policing, the criminal justice in Somalia (AMISOM). system, gender issues, public order Her 12-year police career is dotted with management, mid-level and senior- milestone after another, and with several level management, and routine duties. firsts too. The standard operating procedure is to capacitate SPF officers to become In December 2018, CSP Kaintor trainers by undergoing Training of was deployed to Mogadishu under Trainer (TOT) courses. These SPF All I can do is to play AMISOM and hit the ground running officers, in turn, become training as a police trainer based in Jowhar, the instructors for their colleagues. my part. I can’t pay capital of HirShabelle State of Somalia. back enough because “As a result, the SPF has a pool Due to her track record in leadership, of trainers to instruct the police the price to restore training and management, she was recruits. Also, there is a remarkable peace to my country soon reassigned to the AMISOM improvement in the handling of was huge. Also, I Police Headquarters in Mogadishu to suspects and respect for their lend her expertise from a strategic rights. The cells are cleaner and less understand that to and managerial post. Today, she is congested. The public is closer to SPF avoid a spill-over of the Deputy AMISOM Training and and takes part in crime prevention, Development Coordinator. like reporting cases of sexual violence, war into one’s country, thanks to community policing. SPF is contributing to peace in She is also the commander of the transforming,” says Kaintor. Sierra Leone Police contingent of a neighbouring country individual police officers (IPOs) under Her dream is to see more women join is important. No AMISOM. the police force and actively serve in sacrifice is too small. peacekeeping missions and ongoing The IPOs support the implementation efforts to secure Somalia. of the AMISOM mandate to train, mentor and advise their Somali Police Women are an asset to peacekeeping, Force (SPF) counterparts to transform community development, and SPF into a force that adheres to rehabilitation. They can de-escalate international policing standards. tensions and gain public trust and confidence. Ms. Kaintor’s community AU ECHO 2019 45

policing training sessions with AMISOM have endeavoured to toe this line.

“More women participate in community policing activities when they see fellow women in Somali Police uniform and other women in AMISOM,” she says.

Ms. Kaintor holds a masters’ degree in Educational Administration from College in Freetown and a first degree in education from Milton Margai College of Education and Technology.

She joined the police force in 2007 after her first degree. Owing to her education background, she carved herself out as a trainer. She has attended more than 30 local and international policing courses and travelled the world representing the Sierra Leone Police.

While at it, as a professional teacher she has also designed curriculums for several courses, alongside undertaking various research in education and law enforcement.

Besides community policing, she is versed in command, epidemic response, forensics, management, conflict- related gender-based violence, gender mainstreaming, and peacekeeping.

Before joining AMISOM, Kaintor was the first-ever female commandant of the Sierra Leone Police Training School. She also spearheaded the establishment of the Sierra Leone Peacekeeping and Law Enforcement Academy (SILEA), becoming its first female vice principal. The academy recently graduated the first batch of diploma students in Safety and Security Studies.

The fourth of six children, her late father, James Eddie Kaintor, was a police officer and wished his children to become law enforcers. However, she did not join the police service to fulfil her fathers’ wish. “Rather, I was moved by the female police officers that struggled to end the civil war in my country that killed over 50,000 people,” she says. The war broke out in 1991, two years after Ms. Kaintor had completed the ordinary level of education. In 1993, she joined Makeni Teachers College, finishing in 1996 as the war raged on. In 1999, she enrolled for the higher teacher’s certificate completing in 2002, the same year that the war ended.

“I saw ladies my age contribute to my country’s peace, and I felt indebted. I made up my mind to join the police after my degree. Two years later, I enrolled for my degree, completed in 2007, and immediately enlisted,” she recalls.

While she rose through the ranks, she prayed to serve in a peacekeeping mission. Then the opportunity to join AMISOM

Somali women, training to become beckoned. She feels accomplished as a person, and as a Military Police, carry plastic weapons Sierra Leonean. to train with at Jazeera Camp in Mogadishu, Somalia “Looking back to how my country was crying, and it is now peaceful and sending peacekeepers to missions across the world, I am humbled. It shows how today it’s me, tomorrow it’s someone else,” says Ms. Kaintor, introspectively. “All I can do is to play my part. I can’t pay back enough because the price to restore peace to my country was huge. Also, I understand that to avoid a spill-over of war into one’s country, contributing to peace in a neighbouring country is important. No sacrifice is too small.” WAR DOES NOT DETERMINE WHO IS RIGHT, ONLY Silencing WHO IS LEFT. the Guns: Creating Conducive Bertrand Conditions for Africa's Russell Development

#SilencingTheGuns

www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 47

SILENCING THE GUNS

IDENTIFYING A COUNTRY'S STRUCTURAL VULNERABILITY TO CONFLICT

Ghana was the first country to volunteer to identify its vulnerabilities, its resilience and develop a mitigation strategy

CSVRA and CSVMS processes in the Republic of Ghana The Government of the Republic of Ghana requested for technical assistance from the AU Commission in the conduct of the CSVRA and CSVMS and is the first country to have volunteered to identify its vulnerabilities, its resilience and develop a mitigation strategy. The process of the conduct of the CSVRA was carried out in various phases. National and regional level consultative meetings were held in Accra, Tamale and Kumasi from October to November 2017, which brought together various stakeholders from Government Ministries, Departments, Agencies (MDAs), Civil Society Organizations, the media, traditional leaders as well as representatives of the four focal institutions, namely Kofi Annan International uring the the 50th Anniversary of the OAU/AU in 2013, the Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC), D Assembly of Heads of State and Government pledged “not National Peace Council (NPC), Ghana-Africa to bequeath the burden of wars to the next generation of Peer Review Mechanism – Governing Council Africans” and undertook to end all wars in Africa by the (APRM-GC) and The West Africa Network for year 2020 adopting “Silencing the Guns in Africa by 2020 Peace-Building (WANEP). as one of the flagship projects and programmes of Agenda 2063. The meetings culminated in the development The continental framework titled the Country Structural Vulnerability of a draft CSVRA and CSVMS report, which and Resilience Assessment (CSVRA) and Country Structural was validated in a workshop held in March Vulnerability Mitigation Strategy (CSVMS) was inspired by the African 2018 with the participation of stakeholders Union’s renewed emphasis on conflict prevention and the goal to that took part in the consultative meetings. The Silence the Guns on Africa. Country Structural Vulnerability and Resilience Assessment (CSVRA) and Country Structural The CSVRA and CSVMS tools are designed to facilitate the Vulnerability Mitigation Strategy (CSVMS) identification of a country’s structural vulnerability to conflict at an early Report of the Republic of Ghana was launched stage, with special emphasis on areas that are relevant in identifying in the presence of President Nana Akufo-Addo drivers of violent conflict namely: (i) socio-economic development; and AU Commissioner for Peace and Security (ii) good governance, rule of law, democracy and human rights; Amb. Smail Chergui, at Jubilee House, in Accra, (iii) security sector; (iv) environment and climate change; (v) gender on 24 October 2018 . and youth; (vi) post-conflict peacebuilding and (vii) transitional justice and reconciliation. These tools also facilitate the identification of It is believed that the CSVRA and CSVMS structural stability indicators and propose mechanisms and strategies tools developed by the African Union will aid for further strengthening such indicators that make countries more all Member States in the prevention of conflicts resilient to violent conflict, thereby creating opportunities for other as well as consolidation of peace and stability member states to share experiences and best practices. on the African Continent. 48 AU ECHO 2019

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attain the objectives set and to secure PEACE sustainable funding for this tool on the basis of the assessed contributions. FUND It is on this condition that we shall be able to ensure African ownership and continental leadership that we are constantly claiming.”

The AU’s proven ability to act as ‘first responder’ is a critical element of the evolving international peace and security architecture. In reference to Peace Support Operations, since 2002, the AU and its Regional Economic Communities and Regional Mechanisms have demonstrated a clear comparative advantage in missions where offensive operations are needed and the United Nations is unable to deploy; and in situations where the UN Security Council is unable to mobilise the requisite political consensus to initiate action.

The high cost and complexity of AU Peace Support Operations places a premium on greater investment in the component FINANCING PEACE & SECURITY IN AFRICA of Mediation, Preventive Diplomacy and Institutional Capacity. The AU has IS NOT ONLY AN AFRICAN PRIORITY BUT A developed significant institutional capacity GLOBAL STRATEGIC IMPERATIVE over the past decade to undertake early warning analysis and conflict prevention peaceful and secure building up an impressive toolbox for A environment is an imperative Not to fund our peace prevention and peace making. These for the attainment of any efforts in a more include the Continental Early Warning socio-economic agenda and System, the Panel of the Wise, Special the African Union has devised substantial way would Envoys, and ad hoc mediation panels, often strategies that respond to the evolving be tantamount to comprised of sitting and former Heads complex nature of conflicts and crisis in of State. The AU also has experience the continent including implementation of entrusting others with in deploying liaison offices and "special sustainable funding for peace and security the essential levers political missions" in countries at risk of, activities. of the continental or emerging from, conflict. The AU has made commendable progress sovereignty. The urgency of implementing the domestic in its domestic resource mobilisation resource mobilisation decision illustrates agenda through the implementation of the Moussa Faki Mahamat– the shared African solution towards the 0.2% levy on eligible imports to finance realisation of Aspiration 4 of Agenda 2063 100% operational budget, 75% program Chairperson, African which underscores the need for dialogue- budget and 25% budget of the peace Union Commission centred conflict prevention, as well as the support operations of the AU.

The 25% budget allocation for peace support operations will finance activities that evolve around mediation and preventive diplomacy; institutional capacity; and peace support operations. Mr. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson of the AU Commission underscores the critical importance for member states to implement the decision on financing of the Union, noting with regard to H.E Pierre Buyoya, former President of the Republic of Burundi (Left) H.E Thabo Mbeki, former President of the Republic of South Africa, (Centre) Dr. Donald the Peace Fund, that “it is crucial to Kaberuka, High Representative for AU Peace Fund, (Right) at the launch of AU Peace Fund AU ECHO 2019 49

The Peace Fund has for many years been highly dependent Between 2017 and on external partners which has greatly impacted the 2019, member states AU’s ability to independently contributed about US$ manage its peace and security priorities. The multiplicity of 141 million, the highest donor financing channels led to fragmentation and high level of contributions to transaction costs related to the numerous reporting the Peace Fund since its requirements. establishment in 1993. However, the changing tides in Africa’s resolve that manages the day to day operations towards domestic resource of the Fund. mobilisation saw 2017 to 2019 register the highest level of Dr. Donald Kaberuka and the AU contributions to the peace Commission are undertaking regional When the endowment fund since its establishment in 1993. 50 consultations on the scale of assessment Member States made their contributions reaches its full strength, for the Peace Fund for the consideration to the Peace Fund amounting to US$ 141 and adoption by the AU policy organs. Africa will be in a strong million. At the conception of the Peace Currently, member states are funding the Fund, Member States were expected position to drive the peace fund on the basis of the existing to contribute US$400 million by 2021, scale of assessment for the regular continent’s peace and gradually from an anticipated amount of budget. US$325 million in 2017. Member states security agenda toward are now expected to contribute US$ 400 Enhancing multilateralism to Silence the most appropriate million by 2023. the Guns by 2020. Africa cannot achieve its development solutions. As you know, The AU Peace Fund Board of Trustees agenda in isolation. While AU Member Africa is pursuing a In January 2018, a Board ofTrustees made States are primarily responsible for up of five African members representing financing the Peace Fund, partnerships resolution at the United the 5 AU Regions and two international will continue to play a vital role in Nations Security Council partners, was established. supporting peace and security activities of the African Union. Deepening co- to provide stable funding The Board members. • Zainab Ahmed (Minister of finance, operation with partners, both traditional for African Union peace Nigeria) and emerging ones is therefore • Tito Mboweni (Minister of Finance, imperative. The AU has developed critical support operations. The South Africa) partnerships within the framework of the • Anicet Dologuele (Former Prime African Peace and Security Architecture re-launched Peace Fund Minister, Central African Republic) • Kamel Morjane (Former Minister of (APSA) to develop innovative ways to is a critical piece of that Foreign Affairs, ) respond to the continent’s peace and architecture. • Elene Makonnen (Senior Advisor, security challenges. multilateral organizations, Ethiopia) Women and children bear the blunt of H.E. Paul Kagame, In addition to these African members, the humanitarian crisis emanating from President of Rwanda European Union and the United Nations conflict and instability and the AU speaking at the launch of will occupy two seats on the Peace has ensured greater involvement and the African Union Peace Fund Board that have been allocated for engagement of women in the conflict international partners. The role of the resolution for sustainable peace through Fund in November 2018 Board of Trustees is to ensure strategic initiatives such as Network of African coherence and enhanced governance, Women in Conflict Prevention & management and resolution of existing financial and administrative oversight Mediation (FemWise). conflicts, with a view to Silencing the of the Peace Fund. Additional elements Overall, peace and security in Africa Guns in our continent. have been factored in the governance and will only be achieved through effective management structure which elaborate The Peace Fund, replenished through and committed leadership and greater on the Independent Evaluation Panel financial appropriations from the regular local and global cooperation. Better that regularly reviews the effectiveness AU budget, is also able to accept coordination and synchronisation of and impact of the Fund; the Executive contributions from other sources within efforts by stakeholders to avoid silo Management Committee which provides Africa, including the private sector, civil efforts and duplication as well as the a strategic management oversight of the society, donations from individuals, and threat of reversing the gains accumulated Fund; a Fund Manager who manages the through appropriate fundraising activities. are equally as important. finances; and a Peace Fund Secretariat WITHOUT PEACE, ALL OTHER DREAMS VANISH AND ARE Silencing REDUCED TO ASHES the Guns: Creating Conducive Jawaharlal Nehru Conditions for Africa's Development

#SilencingTheGuns

www.au.int SILENCING THE GUNS

The Peace and Security Council of the African Union

he Peace and Security Council (PSC) is the standing Memorial Wall of fallen AU Soldiers killed in action at the Julius Nyerere Peace & Security Building, AU Headquarters in Addis T decision-making organ of the AU for the prevention, Ababa management and resolution of conflicts. It is a collective security and early warning arrangement • Support and facilitate humanitarian action in situations intended to facilitate timely and efficient responses to conflict of armed conflicts or major natural disasters. and crisis situations in Africa. It is also the key pillar of the African The PSC has 15 members with equal voting powers. All Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), which is the framework members are elected by the AU Executive Council and for promoting peace, security and stability in Africa. endorsed by the AU Assembly during its ordinary sessions. The Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and For continuity, five members are elected for three-year terms Security Council was adopted on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South and 10 for two-year terms. While there are no permanent Africa, and entered into force in December 2003. The PSC members, the PSC Protocol does not prevent any Member became fully operational in early 2004. The PSC Protocol, together States from seeking immediate re-election. with the PSC Rules of Procedure, the AU Constitutive Act and Article 5(2) of the PSC Protocol lists criteria used in electing the conclusions of various PSC retreats, provide operational PSC members, including: contribution to the promotion and guidance to PSC activities. maintenance of peace and security in Africa; participation The powers of the PSC, in conjunction with the Chairperson in conflict resolution, peace-making and peacebuilding at of the AU Commission, include to: regional and continental levels; willingness and ability to take • To anticipate and prevent disputes and conflicts, as well as up responsibility for regional and continental conflict resolution policies, which may lead to genocide and crimes against initiatives; contribution to the Peace Fund and/or Special Fund; humanity respect for constitutional governance, the rule of law and • Undertake peace-making and peacebuilding functions to human rights; and commitment to AU financial obligations. resolve conflicts where they have occurred The PSC Secretariat provides direct operational support to the • Authorise the mounting and deployment of peace support PSC, and is housed within the Peace and Security Department missions, and lay down general guidelines for the conduct (PSD) of the AU Commission. of such missions including the mandate • Recommend to the Assembly, pursuant to article 4(h) of the The PSC is assisted by the AU Commission (AUC), the AU Constitutive Act, intervention, on behalf of the Union, Continental Early Warning System, the Panel of the Wise, in a Member State in respect of grave circumstances, the and the AU Peace Fund. The PSC namely, war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity also works in collaboration with the Regional Economic as defined in relevant international instruments Communities (RECs) and Regional Mechanisms (RMs) for • Institute sanctions whenever an unconstitutional change Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution; the UN of government takes place in a Member State Security Council and other similar international organisations; • Implement the AU’s Common Defence Policy civil society organisations; and other AU organs, including • Ensure implementation of key conventions and instruments the Pan-African Parliament and the African Commission on to combat international terrorism Human and Peoples’ Rights. • Promote harmonisation and coordination of efforts between the regional mechanisms and the AU in the promotion of The PSC Subsidiary Bodies include Military Staff Committee peace, security and stability in Africa which advises and assists the PSC in all questions relating • Follow-up promotion of democratic practices, good to military and security requirements for the promotion and governance, the rule of law, protection of human rights maintenance of peace and security in Africa, and Committee of and fundamental freedoms, and respect for the sanctity of Experts that assists the PSC to elaborate its draft documents human life and international humanitarian law including PSC decisions. • Promote and encourage the implementation of conventions Other Bodies Related to the PSC include the African Union and treaties on arms control and disarmament Police Strategic Support Group (PSSG) which was launched • Examine and take action in situations where the national in June 2013, to provide strategic and technical advice and independence and sovereignty of a Member State is support to the PSC, AUC and Member States on police matters threatened by acts of aggression, including by mercenaries in the context of AU-led Peace Support Operations. 52 AU ECHO 2019

SILENCING THE GUNS POLICE WORK ISN'T JUST ANOTHER JOB. Glory Urhere, Chief Superintendant I believe when you of Police understand people’s trials, you serve them better, so continuous learning is key.

projections, and recommendations that inform decision-making for the three components of AMISOM: civilian, military and police.

The MAC operates directly under the office of the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission (SRCC) for Somalia. Essentially the head of the mission, the SRCC, Ambassador Francisco Madeira, convenes a daily Senior Leadership Team meeting that Ms. Urhere must attend and brief on the current status. This, in addition to other meetings in coordination with different high-level mission capabilities, defines CSP Urhere’s normal day, alongside updating the cell hief Superintendent of Police Glory Urhere from Nigeria is no stranger database as information trickles in from C to peacekeeping. With two United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions different listening posts. Generally, her under her belt, this 42-year-old has seen first-hand, the devastation work helps the mission to keep a finger caused by conflict and war. on the pulse of all goings-on, and maintain political neutrality while continuously Indeed, as she talks about her past experiences working especially with women moving to degrade Al-Shabaab and other and children affected by war, she gets emotional. What she has witnessed over armed opposition groups in the ongoing her 19-year experience as a police officer has moulded her into someone who is efforts to restore peace in Somalia. “I driven to make a difference with every deployment, wherever she goes. “For me, feel fulfilled playing this part in freeing police work isn’t just another job. So much evil is happening to innocent people Somalia and representing my country to out there, and my heart yearns to help them whenever I have a chance,” CSP maintain peace in Africa,” she says. Urhere says. And help them she is, serving as an Information Analyst with the Mission Analysis Cell (MAC) of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). CSP Urhere’s stellar performance with AMISOM borrows partly from her As the more senior of the two highest ranking female police officers on the previous work as a UN peacekeeper. mission, Ms. Urhere compiles, categorises and analyses operational, humanitarian From November 2005 to February 2007, and political data on the work of the AU mission to Somalia. She uses the data Ms. Urhere served as a gender officer and to write weekly and monthly analyses reports focusing on mission assessments, AU ECHO 2019 53

mentor under the UN Mission in Kosovo, a Southeast European country that suffered a long-running political and territorial dispute against Serbia. She successfully boosted the capacity of Kosovo Police with knowledge in handling sexual and gender-based violence, investigations of gender crimes, statement-taking from children witnesses and gender awareness advocacy.

Five months later, the UN Mission in East Timor wrote to the Nigerian government requesting her temporary discharge from the police force, to take up a civilian role investigating war crimes and crimes against humanity, and use of rape as a weapon of war. The crimes were committed in East Timor during the Indonesian invasion, between the years of 1975 and 1999. Upon her discharge, Ms. Urhere returned home six years later in 2013, having successfully helped the mission achieve its mandate.

“What I saw in East Timor humbled me; so many widows with children they couldn’t’t afford to feed or provide healthcare for. Their husbands died in the war. I couldn’t’t provide for them, which hurt, but looking back, I am comforted knowing the work we did helped them challenge impunity and get justice,” she recalls.

To serve efficiently, Ms. Urhere is always on a quest for knowledge. “I believe when you understand people’s trials, you serve them better, so continuous learning is key. In fact, after AMISOM, I will enrol for my doctorate,” she says. Ms. Urhere currently holds a Master of Science in Gender and Development Studies, a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, a post-graduate Diploma in International Law, and a Diploma in Data Processing.

Growing up, and even at university, she didn’t imagine herself in law enforcement. “Interestingly, my father, the late Abavo Urhere, worked for the Department of State Security, which is the main intelligence agency of Nigeria. But I knew nothing about his work to peak interest; he never discussed it because whatever they do there is classified,” she recalls.

But after her first degree in 1999, she travelled to Ogun State in southwestern Nigeria to serve under the compulsory one-year youth service to the nation. As fate would have it, her uncle was the State Commissioner of Police there. “I visited him regularly at his workplace and home. Unlike my father’s job, there was AMISOM police travel to no secrecy with police work. I learned that police officers were angels of justice General Kaahiye Police and maintainers of peace, a dignifying job that when done judiciously, can advance Academy in Mogadishu to humanity. I enlisted immediately after my youth service in May 2000,” she recalls. hand out supplies to Somali police. Over 19 years, Ms. Urhere has risen through the ranks in the Nigeria Police Force. Her last designation before AMISOM in November 2018 was Head of Information Technology Unit at Force Headquarters Annex in Lagos. She has also worked as Deputy Head of General Investigations Department SCID, Head of Anti-Fraud Department SCID, Station Commander, and District Anti Crimes Officer.

With over 30 local and international police courses under her belt, CSP Urhere has expertise in information analysis, academic research with published and unpublished papers, investigation of general crime, investigation of gendered crime, gender analysis and gender mainstreaming, administration, training and mentoring, crime control and reduction, and investigation of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

A mother to an 11-year-old and triplets aged eight, Ms. Urhere credits her civilian husband, Francis Obogai, for her success. “I wouldn’t be such an achiever if my husband wasn’t holding the fort whenever I am away on deployment or studying. He is a businessman, a very busy one. But he is an involved father and supportive husband. I guess I am lucky because many women’s promising careers are killed by husbands insisting that they sit home and raise the children,” she says.

This strong foundation at home has given Ms. Urhere the peace of mind to dedicate her life to bringing hope and justice to hundreds of women and children, globally living in conflict. SILENCING THE GUNS

SECURING THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE SUPPLY CHAIN TO PROMOTE PEACE AND SECURITY: A Case of the Uganda Authorised Economic Operator

International trade is schedules, beginning with the Customs administrations play a I the exchange of goods acquisition of raw materials to critical role at the international and services among providing the final product to the border crossings in the whole of different states. end consumer. The international government efforts to mitigate From left to right: Trading globally gives supply chain can include; these threats. Customs manages Mr. Dicksons C. consumers and countries the manufacturers, importers, the cross-border flows of goods, Kateshumbwa, Commissioner of opportunity to be exposed to exporters, brokers, carriers, people and means of transport to Customs, Uganda goods and services not available consolidators, intermediaries, ensure they comply with laws. The Revenue Authority (URA); Hon. Anite Evelyn, State in their own countries, or which ports, airports, terminal operators, elevated threat level countries are Minister for Privatization would be more expensive integrated operators, warehouses facing after the surge in terrorism and Investment, domestically. In 2013, Vijayasri and distributors. saw an increasing number (Uganda); H.E. Yoweri conducted a study which of customs administrations Kaguta Museveni, According to the World President of Uganda; Dr. highlighted numerous gains including security as part of their Kunio Mikuriya, WCO Customs Organisation, WCO from international trade. These core mandate. The significance of Secretary General; Ms. (2019), terrorism, proliferation Doris Akol, Uganda include; proper allocation and customs’ role in border security of weapons and materials of Revenue Authority efficient use of scare resources; has been reiterated in various Commissioner General mass destruction, trafficking of at the First WCO Global increased global competitiveness; United Nations Security Council small arms and explosives, and AEO Conference in Africa, increased government revenues Resolutions (e.g. UN SCR 1540 Kampala, Uganda illicit diversion of dual use goods and reduction in poverty (2004)) and through other high- pose a serious threat not only to levels. Countries that engage level political commitments, such security and safety of people, but in international trade tend to as G7 and G20 declarations. also to economic development, grow faster, become innovative, political stability and social In the aftermath of the 9/11 and improve labour and capital cohesion of countries across the terrorist attacks, the WCO by Ms. Peace productivity. International trade globe. Ireland (2011), also argued adopted the SAFE Framework P. Hadoto provides higher income and that the 9/11 attacks birthed the of Standards (SAFE FoS) to more opportunities to their customs supply chain security Secure and Facilitate Global people, ultimately ending global paradigm. This led to new national Trade in June 2005 as a global poverty and promoting economic customs policies and prompted customs instrument to deter development. the WCO standards, which were international terrorism, secure A The international trade supply intended to deter international revenue collection and promote chain management is the flow trade transport from becoming a trade facilitation worldwide. The involving goods or services, conduit for the delivery of violent WCO Policy Commission issued represented by transportation and extremism. the Punta Cana Resolution storage, by inventory and shipping in December 2015, which AU ECHO 2019 55 readdresses and highlights customs’ government agencies and economic By adopting trade facilitation measures role and contribution in the context of operators to work towards a common such the AEO Programme, international border security and counter terrorism. goal of enhancing supply chain security trade supply chain players who would be With the SAFE Framework of Standards, and efficiency, based on mutual trust and actors to advance insecurity weapons the WCO developed the blueprints for transparency. and warfare which would trigger conflict effective customs controls from a supply are eliminated. Development of Customs The Uganda AEO Programme was chain security perspective while additional risk management systems and trade established in 2010 with a pilot of 10 guidance regarding specific security facilitation act as a promoter of enhancing companies and was officially rolled out related risks is provided by the Security the security of a state. by Uganda Revenue Authority department programme. The SAFE Framework of of Customs in March 2013. The AEO By adopting trade facilitation measures Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global programme established is in line with like the AEO programme, risk based Trade (SAFE Framework) would act as the WCO SAFE Framework of Standards interceptions and exchange of pre-arrival a deterrent to international terrorism, supporting supply chain security by information, border scanner operations, secure revenue collections and promote rewarding non risky international trade Customs is able to work jointly with other trade facilitation worldwide. In 2007, supply chain players on account of the regulatory agencies in curbing trade of the WCO’s flagship Customs-Business minimal risks they pose along the supply illicit items in the country which would partnership programme; the Authorized chain. Uganda has registered success cause instability and conflict. Customs Economic Operators (AEO) Programme both regionally and internationally since plays a pivotal role in ensuring that it was introduced. The SAFE Framework implementation of the programme. promotes legitimate trade to safeguard the has emerged as the global Customs As of October 2019, the Uganda AEO nationals of the country and discourage community’s concerted response to programme has 60 national accredidated illegitimate trade. threats to the supply chain security, AEOs and 30 EAC regional accredidated equally supporting facilitation of legitimate Adopting Customs trade facilitation AEO companies. The programme has and secure businesses. It prescribes programmes like the Authorised registered a lot of benefits in regard to baseline standards that have been tested Economic Operator (AEO) programs is the trade facilitation, but importantly has and are working well around the globe. right approach for strengthening overall minimized the proliferation of entry of This unique international instrument supply chain security which contributes dangerous weapons and firearms by endeavors to usher in a safer world trade immensely to the promotion of peace ensuring goods entering the countries regime and also heralds a new approach and security among states. According are managed on a risk based approach. to working methods and partnership for to Fletcher (2007), Authorised Economic both Customs and business towards The implementation of the Uganda AEO Operator (AEO) programmes are the right a common goal based on trust. The programme requires that before one approach for strengthening overall supply Framework has been regularly updated becomes an AEO, the AEO applicant chain security. Customs has positioned to effectively address new and emerging undergoes numerous checks and has itself at the fore front of promoting developments in the international supply to meet a safety and security criteria. trade facilitation initiatives like AEO chain. Notable additions were provisions Uganda Customs alongside the AEO programmes and these reforms should on AEO Programme, Coordinated Border programme operates a mature risk be strengthened and enhanced. Management and Trade Continuity and management system under the unit With the implementation of the Africa Resumption, Pillar 3 (Customs-to-Other called the National Targeting Centre Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), Government and Inter-Government (NTC). The NTC unit is responsible for; there is a requirement for African states Agencies), and Pre-loading Advance Cargo management of selectivity/targeting to open borders. Thus peace building and Information (ACI) for air cargo. criteria; providing operational support security on the continent can only be through 24x7x365 tactical analysis and The latest 2018 edition of the SAFE achieved with the security of international co-ordination; coordinating and providing Framework of Standards augments the trade. Customs administrations which a central risk related information hub objectives of the SAFE Framework with control and administer the international for better decision making; providing a respect to strengthening cooperation movement of goods, are in a unique platform for stakeholder co-operation & between and among Customs position to provide increased security to better coordinated border management administrations, for example through the global supply chain and to contribute under the specialized areas of Trade Based the exchange of information, mutual to socio-economic development. It is in AML and Cross Border declaration of cash recognition of controls, mutual recognition this regard, that Customs administrations and cash equivalents to provide real time of Authorized Economic Operators (AEOs), should be largely involved to not only build risk status from goods originating from and mutual administrative assistance. In a secure and safe trading environment destination country to country of exit. addition, it calls for enhanced Customs which promotes legitimate trade and a Highlighted risk information established cooperation with government agencies secure trading environment, but also in from the tactical risk analysis from the entrusted with regulatory authority over the long run, protect the global trading NTC unit is able to send information to certain goods (e.g., weapons, hazardous system from vulnerability to terrorist the country field enforcement teams to materials) and passengers, as well as exploitation that would severely damage intercept any cargo or passengers who with entities responsible for postal the entire global economy and social well- pose a security risk to the country. By so issues. The Framework now also includes being of nations, which ultimately shall doing, any security threat is minimized and a comprehensive list of AEO benefits promote peace and security for the state in the long run this silences any conflict with certain minimum assured benefits. tendencies entering the borders of the The updated SAFE Framework offers country. new opportunities for Customs, relevant 56 AU ECHO 2019

SILENCING THE GUNS

of encouragement to women across our Recognising African continent and in the rest of the world, by reflecting on the exceptional stories and contributions of the women to peace and Women’s Contribution security on the continent, and serve as a learning experience and motivation to other women, especially young women to the Peace and involved in mediation, peacebuilding and peacekeeping activities. The Commemorative Book will feature Security Agenda African women from across the continent, each of whom will have a chapter dedicated to them to share their story or contribution towards Africa’s Agenda 2063 initiative to Silence the Guns as well as the 4 pillars of UN Resolution 1325 on prevention, protection, participation and/or relief and recovery, as part of advancing the peace and security agenda. The Commemorative Book is part of the activities for the 20th anniversary of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security and also in line with the AU’s theme for the year 2020 which will be “Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive conditions for Africa’s Development” The book will be launched during the AU Assembly of Heads of State and Government / AU Summit in February 2020, at the AU headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

frica’s Agenda 2063 places commitment is demonstrated in its policy About the AU Special Envoy on Women A great import on the need to formulation and allocation of resources Peace & Security. establish peace and stability - human, institutional and financial - In 2014, the Chairperson of the AU on the continent as a key towards attaining gender equality and Commission appointed Mme. Bineta component of ensuring that women’s empowerment, as a critical goal Diop as the Special Envoy on Women, the national and continental development and strategy in the realization of Agenda Peace and Security (WPS) mandated to agendas can be achieved. “Aspiration 2063 “Aspiration 6” that recognises promote and echo the voices of women 4” of Agenda 2063 which envisions the centrality of women in Africa’s in conflict prevention, management and a Peaceful and Secure Africa, calls development. These efforts also act as resolution, as well as advocate for the for the strengthening of governance, a catalyst towards the achievement of protection of their rights, including putting accountability and transparency as a the goals of the United Nations Security an end to impunity on sexual and gender- foundation for peace, as well as the Council Resolution 1325 to further drive based violence. The envoys’ efforts are implementation of mechanisms that the women’s agenda in the peace and also complemented by other mechanisms ensure the prevention and resolution of security architecture. such as the Network of African Women conflicts including the use of a dialogue- in Conflict Prevention and Mediation – To honour the work of African women centred approach to conflict prevention commonly known as FemWise-Africa. in the areas of conflict prevention and and resolution. FemWise-Africa mobilises women and resolution, peace keeping and peace girls from all over the continent and the Under the Agenda 2063 flagship project building, the African Union (AU) and the diaspora to promote and professionalize of Silencing the Guns by 2020, the African United Nations Office to the African the role of African women in mediation Union advocates for the meaningful Union (UNOAU) are jointly publishing a processes, conflict prevention and peace- participation and leadership of women Commemorative Book that will recognise making efforts. and their efforts towards promoting and celebrate outstanding African women peace, enhancing good governance, who have exceptionally advanced the The office supports the work of the AU democracy, respect for human rights, women, peace and security agenda in Peace and Security Department and justice and the rule of law. The AU’s Africa. The book aims to send a message the Women Gender and Development Directorate to develop strong, progressive and articulate policies (28) indicators agreed upon by African countries for tracking to support the commitment towards the realisation of real and reporting on the implementation of the WPS Agenda on transformation for gender equality and women’s empowerment. prevention, participation, protection relief and recovery) as well To ensure effective assessment of, and reporting on the delivery as emerging security threats. of the commitments at the continental, regional and national levels in Africa, the AU Continental Results Framework (CRF) for Find out more about Agenda 2063, and the Commemorative Monitoring and Reporting on the Implementation of the WPS Book on Women Peace and Security by visiting https://au.int/ Agenda in Africa was instituted. The CRF provides twenty-eight commemorative-book

In celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the UN Security Council’s resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security, the African Union and United Nations are collaborating to publish a Commemorative Book that will honour African Women involved in maintaining and promoting peace and security in Africa towards creating the ‘Africa We Want’ in line with Africa’s Agenda 2063.

Visit https://au.int/commemorative-book

#SheStands4Peace #OutstandingAfricanWomen

African Union Headquarters P.O. Box 3243, Roosvelt Street W21K19, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251 (0) 11 551 77 00 Fax: +251 (0) 11 551 78 44 58 AU ECHO 2019

AGENDA 2063

Promotiong Agenda 2063 with African Media AU awards grants to women journalists to produce Agenda 2063 content

frican media is an important partner channel and tool in A the effort to change the narrative about Africa and promote Agenda 2063, the continent’s framework for inclusive and sustainable growth and development. The importance of the role of media was reinforced in the decisions of the African Union Ministers of Communication and Information Communication The Award Winners Technologies during the STC-CICT of 2017, in which it was resolved to

Zahara Tunda (Tanzania) for the African Continental recognise the contributions of journalists towards the achievement of Free Trade Area: Topic - Free trade sustainability Agenda 2063. through technology, Mary Mwendwa (Kenya) for Silencing the Guns by 2020: Topic - The story behind In July 2019, the African Union in collaboration with the African Women women joining extremist groups in Kenya, Culton Scovia (Uganda) for the African Passport and in Media (AWIM) held the African Women Conference and Festival Free Movement of People: Proposed Topic - South as well as the AWIM Media Awards. AWIM 2019 was held under Sudanese women thrive in cross border trade despite war, Christabel Ligame (Kenya) for Free Trade the theme ‘Showcase” with the aim of promoting the amazing work Migration: Vinzensia Fuko (Tanzania) for the Women produced by African women working in a variety of media industries and Free Trade award: Topic - Video Diary on the Access of Free Trade Information: Stories from the including film, to journalism, marketing. The Conference assembled experiences of rural women in East Africa. over 250 communication and media practitioners from across Africa and internationally from Europe, Asia the AU’s Directorate of Information and and America and representing over 50 Communication is in the process of organisations. identifying key partners in the media to create and launch the AU Media Awards. While spotlighting the challenges facing This effort received the support of the industry and women in media, the ministers responsible for Communication Conference also sought to showcase the and Information and Communication expertise of African women in media in Technologies when they met at their addressing the urgent issues affecting the Specialised Technical Committee meeting industry. Some of the challenges, barriers in Sharm El Sheik in October 2019 , and injustices discussed included sexual when they directed the AU to “Provide harassment in the workplace, unequal pay, the necessary support to ensure the under representation of women in media effective implementation and launch of leadership, and disinformation and the the AU Media Awards within the period post truth era. Different panel discussions 2020-2021”. Ongoing efforts included on these and other topics provided engagement with the Pan-African network spaces for debate on possible solutions, of Agenda 2063 journalists launched in sharing of ideas, and mentoring as well collaboration with AU Development as opportunities, such as the business Agency/NEPAD; improved engagement of media, media innovation and growing and collaboration with the African Union the reach of media in Africa. of Broadcasting (formerly Union of African National Radio and Television URTNA), and A unique feature of AWIM 2019 AU development partners keen to support Conference was the Pitch Zone where the effort to recognise the contribution Dr Yemisi Akinbobola, aspiring young film producers were given of African jmeda towards development Award-winning the opportunity to pitch their ideas to Journalist and co- journalism and defining a new narrative founder of the Africa major regional and international media on Africa’s development. Women in Media (AWIM) houses with the opportunity to receive funding for the production of their content. The Pitch Zone also provided the backdrop for the selection of the winners of the AWIM Agenda 2063 Awards bade on their presentations.

The AWIM Agenda 2063 Awards which was the culmination of the Conference were sponsored by the AU and AU’s development partners Deutsche In Partnership with Gesellschaft für Internationale

Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and the

International Organisation for Migration. 2019

Five African women journalists were awarded grants of US$2000.00 each to enable them to produce stories on key sectors of Africa’s development under Agenda 2063.

In recognition of her contribution to promoting Africa’s development narrative, African Women the late journalist Hodan Nayaleh was in the Media posthumously awarded the First Changing Narratives award, after she was murdered Conference & in a terrorist attack in Kismayo, Somalia on the 12th of July 2019. The award was Festival received, on behalf of Hodan’s family, by Mr Mukhtar Ogle, Secretary for Strategic th th Cabinet Initiatives from the Office of the 25 - 27 July President of the Republic of Kenya.

To expand the scope of recognising the role of the media in promoting Agenda 2063 with the aim of launching a pan- African Media Awards o Agenda 2063, AGENDA 2063

he Africa Factbook project is There are too many myths T an initiative undertaken under about Africa that have actually Agenda 2063 Aspiration 5 which seeks to enhance made it into textbooks in the strong cultural identity, schools around the world. common heritage, values and ethics of Africa. The Africa Factbook is designed Myths such as Africa has no to contain useful facts about Africa and history, or that there are no the African peoples for the purpose of information dissemination, education, inventors and discoverers from entertainment, reference, statistics and Africa. The Africa Factbook documentation. will show that Africa was and The premiere edition of the Book of African Records was presented to African remains the backbone of world Heads of State and Government during civilisation and it’s about time the 27th AU Summit in July 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda and in December 2016, a MOU we unapologetically push for between African Union Commission and our right place in the annals of the Book of African Records (BAR), for the research and production of a publication world history. titled The African Factbook was signed. The MOU was renewed in January 2019. Amb. Kwame Muzawazi, CEO of To set the ball rolling on the project, a Book of African Records. stakeholders fundraising conference was AU ECHO 2019 61

INAUGURAL EDITION OF THE AFRICA FACTBOOK INTENDS TO BUST NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES ABOUT AFRICA held in Harare, Zimbabwe in March 2018 Africa’s fight back against fake news Specialized Technical Committee on attended by representatives from the about the continent and its people got Communication and ICT (STC-CICT-2), AU, Member States and International to a resounding start with The Factbook’s wherein the Ministers reiterated the development partners. Seed funding editorial team selecting “Busting the African Union’s commitment to the and office space was provide by the Myths” as the theme for the inaugural African Fact book project and called Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe edition, capturing the intention to correct upon “Member States to adopt the to support efforts for production of the wrong information that over the last 500 Africa Factbook as an educational tool, first edition. years has negatively impacted on Africa’s to enhance their knowledge of and image. pride in Africa.” Between September and October 2019, 35 researchers from diverse African As the African Union commemorates Furthermore, while commending countries were brought on board to work “Silencing the guns by 2020”, The Africa the Government of the Republic of on the first edition over 60 day non-stop Factbook will also be a platform to Zimbabwe for funding the process for in camp “International Convention for demonstrate new knowledge that points the creation of the first edition of the the Africa Factbook Making Process.” to the fact that many wars and conflicts factbook, one of the major outcomes A High Level Editorial Board has been in Africa have been caused by artificial of the 3rd STC-CICT held in in October incorporated in the process whose role misunderstandings of our cultures and 2019 regarding the Factbook was to shall be to review the publication before history. call upon Member States to fund its presentation to organs of the African subsequent publications on a rotational Union. This board will consist of 1 former It is expected that upon completion, this basis and for the AU Commission to head of state and government in good publication will become an official source finalise the production of the book standing, 7 internationally recognised of reference and facts about Africa as and launch it. scholars of African history and 5 editors of stated in the decisions of the November international news organisations in Africa. 2017 2nd Ordinary Session of the AU’s PEACE IS COSTLY BUT IT IS WORTH THE EXPENSE Silencing African Proverb the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's Development

#SilencingTheGuns

www.au.int AGENDA 2063 THE GREAT MUSEUM OF AFRICA Preserving and promoting African cultural heritage by creating awareness of Africa’s vast, dynamic and diverse cultural artefacts and Africa’s past and continuing influence on world cultures in art, music, language, science he culture and creative industries generate T and Sports, AU member states which will allow contributions by AU Member annual global revenues endorsed the establishment the States and other institutions to the museum; of up to US$2,250 billion Great Museum of Africa by 2022 • The necessity for all stakeholders to work dollars and exports in in Algiers, Algeria in order to harness towards the inauguration / launching of the Great excess of US$250 billion. According the benefits of the creative industry. Museum of Africa by 2022. to the UNESCO’s report on diversity The Great African Museum project of cultural expression, these sectors, as an Agenda 2063 flagship project, Components of the Museum include: which currently provide nearly 30 aims to preserve and promote • The Interpretation Centre/Research Centre million jobs worldwide and employ African cultural heritage and • The Thematic Exhibitions more people aged 15 to 29 than any create awareness about Africa’s • The Museum Reserves other sector, contribute up to 10% vast, dynamic and diverse cultural • The Conservation Centre of GDP in some countries. artefacts and the influence Africa • The Ambience of the Museum (Zoo-Botanical Areas/Agro - Ecological Areas and a Sculpture The African Charter for African has had and continues to have on Park) Cultural Renaissance recognises the various cultures of the world in • A Temporary Structure for Awareness Raising for the important role that culture areas such as art, music, language, Potential Users and the Public at large pays in mobilising and unifying science, and so on. The Great • A leisure/shopping area which will include a people around common ideals and African Museum will be a focal boutique, a bookshop and restaurant to showcase promoting African culture to build centre for preserving and promoting Africa’s rich cuisine the ideals of Pan-Africanism; and the African cultural heritage. Africa’s Agenda 2063, Aspiration 5 AU members of the Technical and The creation of the African Museum is one of the key envisions “An Africa with a strong Advisory Committee of the Great initiatives being undertaken by the AU in the area of cultural identity, common heritage, Museum of Africa which include promoting African culture. Other initiatives include shared values and ethics”. To achieve Algeria, , Ethiopia, Nigeria partnerships with the African World Heritage Fund this aspiration, the framework and South Africa, highlighted the and the Observatory of Cultural Policies in Africa further calls for all African Union following on the last progress of (OCPA) as well as supporting the organisation of the (AU) member states to inculcate the report: Pan-African Film Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) the spirit of Pan Africanism, by • The project will be located near and the Pan-African Music Festival (FESPAM) and tapping into the continent’s rich the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, organising the annual Pan-African Cultural Congress heritage and culture, to ensure in Algiers; and the need to think that the creative arts are major The development of the AU Model Law on the through all technical aspects of contributors to Africa’s growth and Protection of Cultural Property /Heritage will go a the Great Museum of Africa transformation; while restoring and long way in ensuring Africa protects and preserves as well as its legal basis as an preserving Africa’s cultural heritage, its cultural assets AU institution, as well as its including its languages. diplomatic status; During the Second Ordinary • The estimated cost of Find out more about The Charter for African Session of the Specialized Technical establishing the Great Museum Cultural Renaissance and the status of ratification Committee on Youth, Culture of Africa and the requirement to develop a collections policy by visiting www.au.int/en/treaties 64 AU ECHO 2019

AGENDA 2063

AFRICA DRIVING ITS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA THROUGH STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS

The African Union is playing a leading role in improving Africa’s partnerships and refocusing them AU-EU Partnership more strategically to respond to o further support the African Peace and Security African priorities for growth and T Architecture and African-led efforts to Silence the Guns transformation as accentuated such as the operationalisation of the AU peace fund, the EU has in the continent’s development committed an additional €800 million to this endeavour. blueprint, Agenda 2063. Various

The additional funding under the African development partners continue Peace Facility will support: to work with the African Union, a) The strengthening of conflict prevention, management to strengthen cooperation and and resolution structures and mechanisms of the African Peace streamline agreed projects and and Security Architecture; activities to ensure they are b) AU efforts to establish a continental Human Rights and international delivering on Agenda 2063 and humanitarian law compliance framework; “the Africa we want”.

c) An Early Response Mechanism which will provide the African Union with quick funding for preventive diplomacy initiatives, mediation, fact-finding missions, and the first stages of peace support operations;

d) The financing of African-led peace support operations, such as the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram, the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) or the G5 Sahel Joint Force, with specific regards to capacity building, troop allowances, and non-lethal equipment. It will also support efforts of the AU to promote gender and human rights principles and practices in peace support operations. AU ECHO 2019 65

The Africa - Arab partnership The AU and the League of Arab States (LAS) continue collaboration on the broad array of political developments and security challenges in the African and Arab regions and work towards strengthening their cooperation and complementary activities in support of regional peace, security, stability and development.

The AUC hosted the 14th Senior Officials Meeting of the Coordination Committee of the Africa-Arab Partnership held on 11 AU-UK Partnership September 2019 at the AU Headquarters, In February 2019, the AU Commission to further discuss: the financing modalities signed a MOU with the United Kingdom of the agreed projects like the migration to collaborate amongst others, in the and disaster response fund, an overview following areas: of the security situation on continent i.e. Somalia, Sudan and the lake Chad a) Strengthening resilience: Peace, Basin, and the establishment of the security and governance and Afro-Arab Cultural Institute as well as the increased political participation of organization of the Arab Africa Trade Fair. women and youth; The Joint Africa–Arab Heads of State and b) Mobilising Investments for African Government Summit is held every three Sustainable Transformation: years, with ministerial-level meetings inclusive growth, trade and economic every 18 months. partnerships, including the promotion of UK-Africa trade and investment, the The 2019 Tokyo International African Continental Free Trade Area Conference on African Development and action to secure a demographic (TICAD 7) Summit dividend; TICAD 7 was held 26 years, after the first TICAD, which was organized in Tokyo, in 1993. TICAD 7 c) Migration & Human Mobility: was themed “Advancing Africa’s Development tackling the upstream drivers of through People, Technology and Innovation”, with irregular migration, protecting the objective to strive to expand technological vulnerable migrants, including those cooperation, boost business support and at risk of trafficking and exploit8tion, promote participation of women and enhance and maximising the benefits from citizen exchange that activates and fosters the regular migration across the future. Continent and beyond; The three-day Summit hosted by the Government d) Promoting Multilateralism and a of Japan in Yokohama, brought together AU Rules-Based International System: Heads of State and Government, heads and ensuring countries and individuals representatives of international organizations, have the freedom, security, justice African and Japanese private sector, civil society, and mechanisms to prosper, including academia and media among others, to discuss co-operation on global issues such key thematic issues around science, technology as climate change, human rights and and innovation, human resource development/ serious organised crime education, health as well as agriculture, disaster risk reduction, climate change and the blue e) Investing in People: education, economy. The Summit concluded with the science, technology and skills adoption of the Yokohama Declaration, 2019 development for women and youth and the Action Plan Declaration , 2019. WAR DEMANDS SACRIFICE OF THE PEOPLE. IT GIVES Silencing ONLY SUFFERING the Guns: IN RETURN Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's Frederic Development Clemson Howe #SilencingTheGuns

www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 67

African Union - Korea In support of the African Union’s 1 Million by 2021 initiative, the Republic of Korea, and the AU signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on youth engagement, with a focus on youth exchange programmes. International learning and knowledge propels students towards acceptance and understanding of an array of different cultural and community perspective and the programme will enable youth between the two continents to share best practices through practical immersion, awareness and adoption of alternative, multi-faceted approaches to Korea also signed an MOU pledging Korea’s contribution to learning, analytical and problem-solving the AU Peace Fund and Silencing the Guns in Africa through skills, enhanced interest in global issues the AUC-led initiatives such as Network of African Women as well as a broader general knowledge. in Conflict Prevention and Mediation (FemWise-Africa), which continues to deploy high-profile African women The Republic of Korea Korean also to address conflict situations on the continent; the post engaged with the AUC on how Korea can conflict stabilisation strategy in the Lake Chad Basin and support the implementation of the Africa peace-making endeavours in Somalia, South Sudan, the Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Central African Republic (CAR) and the Sahel; the issue agreement. of climate change and its impact on peace and stability efforts in Africa, and the AU Youth for Peace Network which is currently carrying out a study on youth contributions to peace-building in Africa.

African Union – Eurasia Economic Commission (EEC). On 16th September 2019, a delegation from the Eurasian Economic Commission and representatives from the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Addis Ababa, visited the Commission and met with senior officials to discuss a possible partnership between the two entities.

This is the second visit of the EEC. During the first meeting, the two sides agreed to discuss the formalization of a partnership through the signing of a MoU. It’s also important to note that in March 2018, Mr Sergey Lavrov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation visited the AU headquarters where he met with AUC Chairperson Mr. Moussa Faki Mahamat. The two exchanged views on the establishment of formal cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union and the African Union and emphasized the need to finalize a Memorandum of Understanding in this respect. AGENDA 2063

In January 2015, the AU Commission (AUC) and the National Development and Reform Commission of China signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on an African integrated high-speed train network (AIHSRN). Following that, a Joint Africa–China Five Year Action Plan (2016–20) was agreed on 5th October 2016 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

AMB. RAHAMTALLA MOHAMED OSMAN ELNOR African Union Representative to China ow far has the Joint Plan progressed and what is the role of AU representative office in following H the progress? As you know the cooperation since 2000 was under the FOCAC umbrella, which focused primarily on bilateral relations between China and individual African countries. However, after 2011, the African Union was given a prominent role; i.e. spearheading the promotion of unity and solidarity among African States and engaging in the enhancement of economic development and international cooperation of the continent. Since then the AU has been fully engaged in the negotiations which led to the adoption in 2018, of the Beijing Declaration and the Beijing Plan of Action. In both documents the role of the AU was clearly defined: it covers a wide range of projects and activities which differ from those attributed to the individual member states. The activities entrusted to the AU were mainly pertaining to continental or integration flagship projects. They stem mainly from the continental development framework, Agenda 2063. Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi To implement these ambitious projects, the AU signed a number (R) meets with Rahamtalla Mohamed Osman Elnor, first African Union (AU) representative to China, in Beijing, of Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) covering priority areas capital of China, Dec. 13, 2018 including infrastructure, agriculture, as well as the Belt & Road Initiative. All these memos are in the stages of transformation implementation of the agricultural sector under the Beijing Plan into concrete doable projects. The discussions and negotiations of Action. The outcome of the meeting was very encouraging are progressing satisfactorily. The major plan in this regard is and resulted in the drafting of an MOU which will be signed in to be signed soon with the National Development & Reform due course. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Commission on the Belt & Road Initiative, which synergises its has been actively working in Africa over the last decade. These activities with Agenda 2063. The agreed plan will cover a number activities include inter-alia: of flagship projects in the economic and infrastructure domains. • Signing of 16 MOUs with African countries; • Science & Technology transfer support; The China-Africa Cooperation Forum is a platform established • 20 Agri demonstration centres; by China and friendly African countries for collective • Providing Agricultural experts to 37 African countries; consultation and dialogue and as a cooperation mechanism • 337 training sessions, in and outside Africa; among developing countries. The African Union Commission • 18 occupational programs in Ethiopia; was admitted into FOCAC on 26 October 2011. Which role • 500 applicable technologies which benefited one million is your office playing in promoting Africa - China overall farmers. cooperation and the mechanism of the Forum on China- Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)? With regard to the implementation of the Beijing Plan of Action The decision to open an AU representational office in Beijing over the period 2018-2021, they identified 7 major areas and 39 was taken in the FOCAC meeting held in Johannesburg in 2015. minor items. 81 projects were designed to be implemented in The implementation of this decision was announced during consultation with AU member states. These projects cover a the FOCAC Ministerial Meeting which took place in Beijing in wide range of areas including science & technology transfer, September 2018. The main objective of opening the office is to formulation plant, and commercialization. have better liaison and coordination with Chinese authorities on the implementation of the agreed cooperation plans. The office Recently, the office in close collaboration with the AU will also serve the African missions in Beijing and provide them Commission’s Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture, with needed expertise to follow up on the implementation of arranged a visit for the Chinese Minister in charge of strategic food their bilateral plans stemming from the Beijing Plan of Action. security and safety, where he met the AU officials and signed an To this end, the office established a modern and high-tech MOU, which stipulated assistance for the continent on the after- conference hall at its premises which accommodates up to 120 harvest losses and sharing the Chinese experience in building persons. The hall will also facilitate the activities of Africans in food reserves. The visit took place from 4-6 September 2019. the Diaspora, which is estimated to be the biggest out of all Finally, I would like to add that the office is still in the establishment the other countries. stage and has only two officers: one in charge of administration and finance, and the other is loaned from the Peace and Security Are there any plans for agricultural cooperation between Department. The tasks assigned to the office are immense, Africa and China that your office is proposing? And how are taking into consideration the multifaceted programs and projects you contacting the potential AU Member States? envisioned in the Africa China cooperation. Once it is fully staffed, The first activity undertaken by the office was a meeting it will realize the objectives entrusted to it. with the Chinese Vice Minister of Agriculture to discuss the

Since they were first introduced in 1851, S World Expos have become the most prominent global gathering of nations organised every five years and lasting for a remarkable six months. The Expo 2020 Dubai will be the 34th Edition of the World Expo and holds a special position as the first ever to take place in the the Middle East, Africa and South Asia (MEASA) region in the almost 170 year history of the World Expos.

Expo 2020 Dubai will be held between 20 October 2020 and 10 April 2021, under the Theme "Connecting Minds, Creating the Future", with sub-themes of Sustainability, Mobility and Opportunity. Connecting Minds, Creating the Future aims to move beyond a theme and towards a way of working. The Theme emphasises the need to move away from the silo approach to sustainable development towards an interdependent network committed to future generations by bringing together partnerships across Africa’s continental institution, projects and various sectors, organisations, and geographies as Joint workshop on programmes of Agenda 2063, profile the preparations for the a way to keep up with a rapidly changing world. AU's participation opportunities in the AU Member States, and at the Dubai 2020 Dubai Expo 2020 has an expected attendance of the role of women and youth in driving and exhibition From achieving Africa’s development agenda as well Left to Right: Miss over 190 countries and 25 million visits and will bring Hind Alowais; participants and businesses closer to the world’s as Africa’s diverse and great history, arts and Vice President, fastest growing markets and create opportunities for culture International Participants at Dubai accessing a region of more than 3.2 billion people Expo 2020, Mr. Ahmed Furthermore, the AU in collaboration with with a collective GDP of more than US$ 6.5 trillion. Al Badawi; UAE its key stakeholders including African Private Embassy in Ethiopia, H.E. Kwesi Quartey, In advancing the collaboration between the United Sector, Financial Institutions, Civil Society and Deputy Chairperson Arab Emirates and the African Union (AU), the African African artists, celebrities and champions with of the African Union

Union has been invited by the Government of the the aim to ensure greater visibility of Africa will Commission and Dr. Levi Uche Madueke; U.A.E to participate in the Dubai Expo2020. organise several events during the 6 month Head of Partnership period focusing on various themes showcasing Management and The participation of the AU in what promises to Coordination Division the work of African players in various sectors (PMCD) be the largest World Expo to date is key in its around 6 key areas, under the theme “Spotlights continental role of working towards Africa taking its on Africa,” namely: place is the global arena and will use this platform to 1. Arts and Culture engage new partnerships at the multilateral, bilateral 2. Trade and Investment and private sector levels to drive the continental 3. Infrastructure and Industrialization development vision as enshrined in Africa’s Agenda 4. Building Blue and green economy 2063. Specifically, the AU’s participation will support 5. Innovation and Technology its objectives to: 6. Social Development • Showcase the progress achieved towards creating conducive business environment in These events will also create the space for Africa and project the continent as “ready for African key stakeholders to establish links business”; across the region and other parts of the • Showcase unlimited investment opportunities world that would definitely promote African that exist in Africa amidst its diverse human and businesses and global partnerships. In particular, natural resource endowments; African success the events looking at aspects of Infrastructure stories (across sectors and regions) and depict Development and Industrialization, and Trade a continent on the move towards integration and Investment in Africa will look at ways in and transformation; which Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can • Utilise the platform to redefine the African be scaled up on the continent (from existing narrative and tell the African story to the world foreign companies) and establish a database the way it really is, and project “the Africa we with bankable projects. want”; and Dr. Levi Madueke the Head of the Strategic • Position Africa for hosting an edition of world Partnerships Division was appointed by the Expo in the future. Chairperson of the AUC as the Commissioner Through AU Pavilion will be located in the Opportunity General for Expo 2020 and together with his District of the Dubai Expo 2020 and will showcase team are at the forefront of ensuring the AU achieves its objectives at Expo 2020. 72 AU ECHO 2019

The Pan African Womens Organisation

In July 1962 in Dar es Salaam I Tanganyika (now known as Tanzania), African women from across the continent gathered in the Conference of African Women, a monumental meeting and the first of its kind and decided to unite and create a common platform for solidarity Jeanne Martin Cissé (6 April 1926 – 21 and mobilisation of their efforts for the February 2017) was rights and freedoms of Africans in their a Guinean teacher and nationalist fight for independence and liberation from politician who served the yokes of colonialism, elimination of as ambassador to the United Nations and apartheid and segregation in all its forms in 1972 was the first as well as advocating for the participation of woman to serve as African women in political decision making President of the United Nations Security structures. Council. Fourteen countries and a dozen of the resistance organizations participated in the July 1962 meeting and a new organization known as “the Union of African Women” PAWO AU ECHO 2019 73

Signing of the MOU between the African Union and the Pan African Women's Organisation

PAWO has an observer status in principles and policies into the African Union. The organization concrete programmes. that receives material assistance from positively advance the status the African Union and in turn, and lives of African women it also supports programmes and chiidren; undertaken by the AU. 3. Leverage it's political In January 2017, during the 28th capital with Member States Ordinary Summit of the Heads of and Regional Economic State and Government, the AU Communities (RECS) of the Assembly decided to grant the AU to ratify, domesticate and status of a specialized agency to implement commitments PAWO. The decision materialized under continental treaties, was created; a year before the on 21 February 2019 with the and implement all national founding of the Organization of signing of a Memorandum of policies and programmes that African Unity (OAU). The same Understanding (MoU) between contribute to the protection, meeting proclaimed an African the African Union Commission promotion and realisation of Women’s Day to be celebrated (AUC) and PAWO signaling a key the AU's vision and objectives on 31st July of each year. In 1974, step towards consolidating the AU as it pertains to women and “the Union of African Women” efforts in achieving gender equality children; was renamed as “the Pan-African and women’s empowerment on 4. Leverage its international Women’s Organization” (PAWO). the continent as outlined in Agenda networks to expand and 2063 and other instruments. PAWO is a representative amplify the AU's voice in international forum by organization of women on the The MoU states the objectives advocating for the rights of African continent having presence of PAWO in its interactions of women and children in Africa in all 55 Member States of the with AU including: in a manner consistent with African Union, with five regional 1. Support and contribute to the Common African Position representations. the overall efforts of the in this respect; AU to achieve the goals and Its objectives are, amongst others, aspirations of its Agenda 2063, 5. Support the implementation to strive to achieve effective and particularly in strategic areas of programmes of the AUC responsible participation of African pertaining to the achievement as it pertains women's women in the socio-economic of political, social, economic empowerment and gender and cultural development of and cultural empowerment equality in Africa, including by Africa; to pursue the struggle for of women, gender parity, and generating and sharing data the representation of women at the elimination of all forms and knowledge, contributing decision-making levels; and to of discrimination against to policy and programme fight for women’s empowerment women design, implementation and and for the elimination of all forms monitoring and evaluation, of discrimination against women. 2. Leverage its reach, agency and ·strengthening the, and convening power to technical capacity needs of Four countries have so far hosted mobilise a broad-based the AUC, as required the headquarters of PAWO communities of women since its formation: Mali(1962- within the membership of 1968); Algeria (1968-1986); and the PAWO, and in Africa more (1986-2008). Since 2008 broadly, to actively contribute Find out more about PAWO by its headquarters are located in to the effective translation visiting www.pawowomen.org Pretoria, South Africa. of the AU's objectives, PAWO 74 AU ECHO 2019 Ryan Brown/ UN Women

GA72 - Acceleration Efforts to Eliminate Child Marriage in Africa by 2030 side event

On the margins of the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly, the governments of Zambia and Canada, with support from UN Women, UNICEF, UNFPA and the African Union Commission, hosted a high-level side event for global leaders to renew their commitments and accelerate efforts to end child marriage in Africa by 2030. We need to change mentalities, we need to talk to families, we need our Governments involved to preserve and protect the girl’s future...

Angélique Kidjo

Sisters Nana (left) and Zakia Abdulrahman Mohamed Ahmed (Right).

Nana, 16 years old, got married when she was only 13 years old, and she had to stop going to the school.

Zakia, 20 years old, was married in 2010, when she was only 17 years old. Her family arranged the marriage, but she never saw her husband until she got divorced due to the threats of her husband's second wife, currently living in

Albert González Farran/ UNAMID Khartoum with him. AU ECHO 2019 75

Ending Child Marriage and Female Genital Mutiliation (FGM) the child, due to he African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child defines the rights the needs of his T of children and the responsibilities of / her physical and state parties in ensuring these rights and protections are adhered to. mental development Article 21 of the Charter on the Protection against requires particular harmful social and cultural practices requires that care with regard 1. States Parties to the Charter shall take all to health, physical, appropriate measures to eliminate harmful social and cultural practices affecting mental, moral and the welfare, dignity, normal growth and social development, development of the child and in particular: and requires a) those customs and practices prejudicial legal protection to the health or life of the child; and b) those customs and practices in conditions of discriminatory to the child on the grounds the situation of most freedom, dignity and of sex or other status. African children , security 2. Child marriage and the betrothal of girls and remains critical due to boys shall be prohibited and effective action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify the unique factors of the minimum age of marriage to be eighteen their socio-economic, years and make registration of all marriages in an official registry compulsory . cultural , traditional and developmental The African girl-child continues to be subjected to harmful cultural practices such as child marriage circumstances , natural and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) which are disasters, armed contrary to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and specifically Article 21 of conflicts , exploitation the Charter. Child marriage and FGM are human and hunger, and on rights violations that rob girls of their rights to health and to live in security and threatens their account of the child's lives, future and family. physical and mental Child marriage refers to any formal marriage or immaturity he/she needs informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child. Today, 125 million special safeguards and girls globally are married before age 18 and Africa care has the lion’s share of this figure which is 40 per cent after South Asia. According to UNICEF data, if stringent measures are not taken very soon, child 76 AU ECHO 2019

brides in Africa could more than double the child occupies a vi) implementing all continental policies to 310 million by 2050. According to the and legal instruments relating to UNFPA report, “Marrying too Young – unique and priviledged human rights, gender equality, End Child Marriage”, the leading cause of position in the African maternal and child health, and maternal mortality and morbidity for girls harmful traditional practices for the age 15 to 19 is pregnancy and childbirth. society and that for the empowerment and participation of Child brides are almost always married full and harmonious girls and women in development to older men, and lack the standing or skills to negotiate over sex or birth control. development of his African Girls’ Summit on Ending Child That means many girls get pregnant soon personality, the child Marriage in Africa after marriage when their bodies are The First African Girls’ Summit on Ending underdeveloped. Among the disabilities should grow up in a Child Marriage in Africa was held from 26- associated with early childbirth is obstetric family environment 27 November 2015 in Lusaka, Zambia with fistula, an injury which leaves girls in the main objective sharing experiences constant pain, vulnerable to infection, in an atmosphere of and good practices, addressing the exposed to sexually transmitted diseases happiness, love and challenges on ending child marriages at including HIV, and incontinence which country, regional and international levels results in their being shunned by their understanding, and ultimately renewing and securing husbands, families and communities. commitments from stakeholders notably governments, to invest more on ending is based on advocacy, monitoring and Education is one of the most powerful child marriage in their respective countries. evaluation as well as the facilitation of tools to enable girls to avoid early marriage Governments and participants committed technical assistance and capacity building. and fulfil their potential. Girls who marry themselves and to, among other things, before 18 are more likely to experience A year after the launching of the Campaign, take urgent actions on redoubling efforts domestic violence and less likely to remain on 17 June 2015, the African Common to eliminate child marriage not later than in school. Child brides usually drop out Position on Ending Child Marriage 2030; employ focused interventions and of school and are denied the opportunity was adopted. Under this agreement, measures to keep girl children in school to complete their education, significantly Member States are urged to establish beyond the age of 18; and facilitate a reducing their ability to earn an income comprehensive action plans, including social movement in their countries at and lift themselves and their children establishing and enforcing laws which local, regional and national levels, with out of poverty. This imposes substantial set the minimum age for marriage at 18. the participation of the youth, traditional economic costs at the national level, with and religious leaders, community leaders. major implications for development and Heads of State and Governments agreed prosperity when a significant proportion to commit themselves and to, among The Second African Girls’ Summit took of the population of a country are other things, take urgent actions on: place from 23-24 November, 2018, in disadvantaged and less likely to contribute i) developing national strategies and Accra, Ghana under the theme, “Enough effectively to economic development. action plans aimed at ending child with the Silence”. It addressed the need marriage; for investing in adolescent education, African Union Campaign to End Child ii) ratifying and applying international specifically, access to services such as Marriage and regional instruments aimed at sexual health care, sexuality education The African Union Campaign to End Child improving the welfare of children and rights protection. The Summit Marriage was launched in May 2014 during and women rights; provided opportunity to review the the fourth AU Conference of Ministers iii) enacting and implementing laws stakeholders’ roles in the Campaign of Social Development. It is aimed at that set the legal minimum age for to End Child Marriage and renew their promoting, protecting and advocating for marriage at 18 years or above with commitment to the same. The Summit the rights of women and girls in Africa. no exceptions and applicable under focused on issues such as: regional The Campaign’s main objective was to all legal systems; perspectives, programmes and lessons accelerate an end of child marriage in iv) implementing appropriate legislation on ending child marriage; educating girls Africa by enhancing continental awareness and policies that effectively prohibit, and ending child marriage; overcoming of the negative socio-economic impacts prevent, punish and redresses child social norms to address adolescent sexual of the practice; building social movement marriage including cross-border reproductive health and to end child and social mobilization at national level movement of girls for child marriage marriage; gender-based violence (GBV); and increasing the capacity of non-state purposes; addressing the psycho-social trauma of actors to undertake evidence-based policy v) ensuring that child marriage child marriage , female genital mutilation advocacy including the role of youth prevention information, including and other harmful traditional practices; the leadership through new media technology, legal measures and policies are role of media and civil society in raising monitoring and evaluation among others. embedded in the educational awareness; and the role of schools and The Campaign works towards building on curricula and hence schools should educational institutions. existing activities of governments and prohibit withdrawal of girls from partners in ending child marriage and school for child marriage purposes; AU ECHO 2019 77

Recommendations made included • increasing resource funding and capital to the campaign to end Child Marriage; • girls as well as boys should be given equal opportunities for education; • perpetrators of GBV should be prosecuted and brought to justice; • training of service providers especially those providing psychosocial care; • increasing collaboration between religious and traditional leaders on best practices in ending child marriage; • governments should limit taxes and control on the media in order to enable them engage the community more on issues of child marriage and harmful traditional practices; • guidance and counselling centres should be reintroduced in basic schools and there should be punishment for perpetrators of sexual harassment, especially against girls; • communities and schools should have professional counsellors to assist girls.

Eliminating FGM in Africa FGM refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female

genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It Albert González Farran/ UNAMID causes irreparable and irreversible harm as well as lifelong health and psychological complications. More than 125 million girls and women between 15 and 49 years of age Sumia Mohamed in Africa have been subjected to FGM. While it is generally practiced on older women, Omar, 22 years old got married when girls 14 years of age and below are more likely to undergo this injurious practice than she was only 15 to a other age brackets. By 2030, 50 million girls below 15 years of age will be at risk of 35 year old man and got pregnant when having undergone FGM if no action is taken today to accelerate its elimination. Across she was only 17 years the continent, prevalence rates range from 15% to over 95% for girls and women old. she now has three aged 15 to 49 years, with selected countries in central and western Africa regions children (2 twins) between 2-4 years old. accounting for a large part of the figures. She left her husband a year ago due to In February 2019, on the margins of the 32nd AU Summit a special assembly was the problems with his family. set up to discuss about the negative effects of FGM, a practice that has had serious costs on African societies. The President of , was designated as the AU When Sumia was a child, she wanted Champion for the Elimination of FGM. This determined action indicates that the AU to become a doctor is keen for the expeditious elimination of this harmful practice. The Initiative on the or teacher, but Elimination of FGM (Saleema) was launched together with the adoption of a decision unfortunately she had to leave her education on “Galvanizing Political Commitment Towards the Elimination of Female Genital very early to work in Mutilation in Africa”. the farms and she is not optimistic to resume the studies. The Initiative will mobilize political action to enforce strong legislative frameworks, allocate domestic financial resources, promote use of evidence and data, regular reporting, and the engagement of civil society and community groups in ending this harmful practice which deprive women of their basic rights. The AU Commission will put in place an accountability framework for Member States to monitor progress at the regional and national level in line with commitments made at the Summit

The AU also joined the global community to observe the “International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation” which was adopted on 20 December 2012 by the UN General Assembly to enhance campaigns to raise awareness and educate people about its dangers as well as to take concrete actions against it; and the AUs call on all its Member States to take concrete actions to eliminate FGM and to protect young girls and women against violation of their fundamental rights.

Read the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the child and find out more about the status of Ratification by member states by visiting www.au.int/en/treaties ENDING GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS

Every year, the African Union organises on individuals, community and national violence and discrimination against the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender- development, as well as to encourage AU women and girls in Africa. Based Violence campaign, an international Member States to develop and implement campaign to end violence against women legislation and policies to combat gender Orange is the official colour of the and to advocate for the promotion and based violence. It supports the efforts campaign. It signifies a brighter future protection of women’s rights. of networks and public and private with no violence against women and girls. institutions that work to eradicate violence Each year the campaign has a different The campaign runs from 25 November against women and girls. theme that mobilises stakeholders to (International Day for the Elimination of work towards elimination of violence Violence against Women) to 10 December A specific focus is to increase against women and girls. (International Human Rights Day). The understanding and buy-in at Member State campaign was incepted in 1991, and calls level, of AU legal instruments, policies The AU, has developed policies which on all people in all parts of the world to and actions in support of gender equality seek to promote and protect the rights of take action in their communities, play and women’s empowerment. Ending women and that eliminate and prevent all their part and stand up against violence violence against women is a key priority forms of violence against women. These against women and girls. The 16 Days of for the AU and campaigns at community, include: the Protocol to the African Charter Activism is used as an organising strategy national, regional and continental levels on Human and People’s Rights on the by individuals and organizations around are considered key and concrete enablers Rights of Women (Maputo Protocol), the the globe to advocate for the prevention to achieve this objective. Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality and elimination of violence against in Africa (SDGEA), the 2009 Gender women and girls. Africa’s Agenda 2063 commits AU Policy and the just launched the new AU Member States to end violence and Strategy on Gender Equality and Women’s The campaign focuses on raising discrimination against women and girls, Empowerment (GEWE). awareness about violence against women as well as to end all harmful social norms and girls, and its negative consequences and customary practices that promote AU ECHO 2019 79

Niger 2

Chad 44

Mauritania 69 Saleema 91 Initiative Senegal 76 Gambia 76 Sudan 88 89 aims Ethiopia 74 Somalia 98 to end Guinea Bissau 50

Guinea 96 Female Sierra Leone 88 66 Cote d’Ivoire 38 Genital Uganda 1 Ghana 4 Togo 4 Kenya 27 Mutiliation Benin 13 Nigeria 27 by 2030 Tanzania 15 Cameroon 1

espite the fact that the Female Central African Republic 24 D Genital Mutilation (FGM) is recognised internationally as

a violation of the human rights Above 80% of girls and women, and a form of gender 51% - 80% based violence in numerous regional and 28% - 50% international human rights instruments such as the African Charter on People 10% - 25% and Human Rights and its Protocol on the Less than 10% Source: https://www.who. int/reproductivehealth/topics/ Rights of Women (the Maputo Protocol); Not Concentrated in these countries fgm/prevalence/en/ the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Convention on the society and community groups in ending social contexts in which communities Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination this harmful practice. Furthermore, the today are compelled to navigate, including against Women; the Universal Declaration assembly decided to designate H.E. the negative cultural heritage of FGM. of Human Rights; the Convention on Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, President One significant approach that embodies the Rights of the Child; the International of the Republic of Burkina Faso, as the these aims is the conceptualization behind Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural AU Leader for the Elimination of Female Saleema Initiative. The Initiative looks to Rights; and the International Covenant on Genital Mutilation and requested the galvanise political action to enforce strong Civil and Political Rights, FGM still affects AU Commission to convene annually a legislation, increase allocation of financial more than 200 million women and girls high-level meeting to review progress, resources and strengthen partnerships to around the world, with 125 million of strengthen partnership and renew end FGM, particularly within communities these in Africa. An estimated 50 million commitment for action on the elimination most impacted by the harmful practice. more girls are at risk of FGM in Africa of female genital mutilation by 2030. Currently 22 AU member states have between now and 2030. national legislation criminalising FGM. Saleema was launched on the margin of During the 32nd Summit of the African the 32nd Summit, on 11 February 2019, The Saleema Initiative is committing to Union (AU) held in February 2019, the by the Government of Burkina Faso and "not leave any woman - any girl - behind to assembly endorsed a continental initiative the AU Commission, The Initiative aims be subjected to the injurious, irreversible known as ‘Saleema: AU Initiative on at changing the negative social norms practice that is FGM" and will work to Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation’, which FGM is rooted in, by adopting ensure that all countries will fully protect led by the AU Commission. The Arabic a holistic approach that considers this women and girls from FGM through their word “Saleema” means to be intact. harmful practice a result of a given social, national legislative frameworks. The Plan Member States were urged to implement political, economic and anthropological of Action of the Saleema Initiative and its the initiative, with a focus on social norms context. It is only through enhancing the accountability framework shall provide and cultural dimensions addressing cognitive social capital of communities guidance to Member States, partners, civil cross border practice of female genital as a whole, and community members society and communities. It is expected mutilation; in addition to implementing individually, that FGM will be abandoned. that the Saleema Initiative shall create strong legislative frameworks, allocating a momentum that results in scaling-up domestic financial resources, promoting Increased efforts in member states to efforts to bring to an end the practice of use of evidence and data, regular bring an end to this harmful practice must FGM in Africa by 2030. reporting, and the engagement of civil be made to engage holistically with the 80 AU ECHO 2019

EDUCATION TEACHER DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA The African Union Continental Teacher Prize

and teacher award, among others. This was in response to a recommendation of the Conference of Ministers of Education (COMEDAF VI) based on technical advice from the Pan African Conference on

Winners of the Teacher Development (PACTED IV). 2019 Edition are from left to The preparation of the Teacher Study right involved a wide-ranging consultative Ms. Gladyce Kachope process with various experts, practitioners (Uganda), Mr. and stakeholders in Africa. The study was Eric Ademba (Kenya), carried out by a team of highly qualified Ms. Augusta African experts between May and October Lartey-Young (Ghana) 2016. The first draft of the AU Teacher Study was tabled and discussed during eachers are one of the most ten-year Continental Education Strategy a validation workshop which was held at influential and powerful for Africa (CESA 16-25). the African Union Commission in Addis T forces for equity, access Ababa, Ethiopia on 8th- 9th December, The CESA strategy is driven by the desire and quality in education and 2016. Regional Economic Communities to set up a qualitative system of education key to sustainable global (RECs), Ministries of Education, pan- and training to provide the continent with development. However, their training, African organizations and stakeholders efficient human resources adapted to recruitment, retention, status and working in the Teacher Development field also African core values and therefore capable conditions remain preoccupying. provided valuable inputs and comments of achieving the vision and ambitions Moreover, there is a worldwide shortage of the African Union of “An integrated, of well-trained teachers. According to the prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven United Nations Education, Science and by its own citizens and representing a Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute dynamic force in global arena”. The establishment of for Statistics (UIS), 69 million teachers a Continental Teacher must be recruited to achieve universal The AU hosted the first Inaugural primary and secondary education by 2030. Ceremony of AU Continental Teacher Mobility Protocol and Prize and Validation of Teacher Professional ‘Teachers without The status of the Teacher in Africa is Guidelines and Qualification Framework in critical for achieving the development October 2019. The aim of the Forum was to Borders’ will facilitate goals of Agenda by facilitating acquisition contribute towards the achievement the optimisation and of not just skills and knowledge, but first strategic objective of the CESA, which also requisite values and attitudes; and is Teacher Development. Furthermore, the sharing of the teacher therefore the status of the Teacher must event came as a follow up of a decision by resource in Africa. unquestionably assured. the AU Heads of State and Government in 2016, to carry a study on teachers’ training, In the bid to “create” a new African citizen working and living conditions in Africa, who will be an effective change agent for with wide ranging recommendations the continent’s sustainable development including the need to enhance teacher as envisioned in Agenda 2063 the African motivation, professionalisation, quality Union (AU) developed a comprehensive regulatory mechanisms, teacher mobility AU ECHO 2019 81

The AU Continental Teacher Prize aims to for the development of the Teacher Study The criteria for determining winners at various states. include: Enhance visibility • Be a citizen of an African Union Member State; and status of the • Engaging in quality teaching which The AU Teacher Study points out the Teacher in Africa is focused on high standards of need to deliberately address the issue student achievement including at all levels: Pre- of professionalisation, as well as teachers social outcomes for varied groups employment ecosystem. Concerning the primary, Primary, of students; shortage of teachers in Member States, • Demonstrated knowledge of the Secondary, and the study further recommends the subject matter, while keeping up establishment of a Continental Teacher Tertiary including with recent; Mobility Protocol and ‘Teachers without • Encouragement of good behaviour TVET; Borders’ to facilitate optimisation and through positive feedback and other sharing of the teacher resource in Africa. methods; Promote Teaching The AU Commission therefore proceeded • Managing classes to enhance as a first choice towards development of commonly the quality of learning processes, agreed professional guidelines at ensuring accommodation of students profession at all continental level; establishment of with varied learning needs; levels; and teacher qualification frameworks which • Employing pedagogical practices that will provide guidelines for comparing enable classes and other learning Celebrate and teacher development outcomes and groupings to work as caring, inclusive, enable sharing of teachers and teacher and cohesive learning communities; encourage training resources; and the establishment • Engaging in activities and networks outstanding of the Teacher Prize as a means for that facilitate engagement of learners demonstrating respect for teachers and with various cultural contexts in teachers. the teaching profession, by encouraging which students are socialised, to and celebrating the committed teachers enhance the social value of learning; in Africa. • Achieving teachers’ and students’ engagement in constructive goal- winners receiving a Plaque and Certificate The AU Continental Teacher Prize is an oriented assessment to facilitate of Recognition and a cash prize of important and valuable instrument that reaching present and future US$10,000 for each winning candidate. contributes to the success of Agenda educational goals of the students During the 2019 edition of the African 2063 and the CESA, with the following or to reach the students’ full potential; Union Continental Teacher Awards, prizes objectives: • Helping students to achieve their of $10,000 each were awarded to top 1. Enhance visibility and status of the long term intellectual needs by African teachers at the secondary school Teacher in Africa at all levels: Pre- providing new materials to gain new level. primary, Primary, Secondary, and insights or to open up new channels Tertiary including TVET; of intellectual stimulation, and to The winners for 2019 edition were: 2. Promote Teaching as a first choice enhanced student’s essential and 1. Ms Augusta Lartey-Young (Ghana); profession at all levels; and creative thinking power. 2. Sister Gladyce Kachope (Uganda); 3. Celebrate and encourage outstanding • Demonstrating multi-valency in 3. Eric Ademba (Kenya). teachers. facilitating acquisition of knowledge and skills, as well as values for peace The Teachers Prize will be a means for The winners of the AU Teacher Prize are building and responsible citizenship demonstrating respect for teachers and identified through Calls for Nomination • Positive reputation from stakeholders the teaching profession, by encouraging at local and international levels. Eligible and community members and celebrating the committed teachers nominating agencies include certified in Africa. The Prize mechanism will shine government, non-government, private Member States, through ministries of a spotlight on great teachers and facilitate sector, community based organisations education, are encouraged to nominate sharing of their remarkable stories. It will and institutions. The selection process and submit names of two teachers, one raise the status of teaching, and inspire involves public officials, teachers, male and one female, who meet the the best possible candidates to join the academics, journalists, entrepreneurs, above eligibility criteria. Ministries are teaching profession. company directors, scientists and encouraged to work with relevant national entertainment industry figures in Africa. agencies including Teacher Unions, in selecting the two top teachers. Find out more about the Continental A total of Ten (10) winners, two (2) from Education Strategy for Africa and each geographic region of the African download the document from www. Union are selected for the Award with au.int 82 AU ECHO 2019

EDUCATION FEMALE he AU Continental Education INNOVATORS Strategy for Africa (CESA) T USING Anne Nyaboke Wakesho recognises information, receiving her prize at communication and technology TECHNOLOGY the education Forum In (ICT) as a major tool for Gaborone, empowering graduates and ensuring they TO contribute to social economic development TRANSFORM by ensuring they not only have universal access but also ensuring they enhance THE the quality of provision and delivery, of services. ICT opens up possibilities EDUCATION for innovation, entrepreneurship and SECTOR IN employability; flexibility in pedagogies; beating the limitation of time and space AFRICA for varied learner needs; and enhancing confidence and dignity of graduates at all levels.

From the two editions of the Innovating Education Expo in Africa held in 2018 and 2019, five girls and young women in Africa have been recognised by the African Union and awarded for their efforts towards achieving ‘Aspiration 6’ of Agenda 2063 which calls for a continent whose development is people-driven, relying on the potential of African people, especially its women and youth, and caring for children. Furthermore the awards are a demonstration that empowering girls and young women, through Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), can play a key role in bringing solutions to daily challenges in the societies and give young women the possibility of becoming the drivers leading change in their communities.

The 2019 Expo held in August, identified two top winners from the eleven innovators awarded. The achievements by these young women contributes towards the work of the African Union International Centre for Girls’ and Women’s Education in Africa (AU/CIEFFA) whose mission is to empower girls and women through

education, in line with the strategic objective 6 of the Continental Education Strategy for Africa (CESA 16-25) which aims to “accelerate processes leading to gender parity and equity”.

Susannah Through the 2019 Innovation Education Farr receiving her prize at Expo, AU/CIEFFA shed light on the the education work of these talented young women, Forum In the impact on their communities and Gaborone, Botswana how STEM significantly transformed them. The Centre had the opportunity AU ECHO 2019 83

to closely follow five of the innovators of the services of Dukataze include in the field of technical and vocational (from Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, career guidance, counselling on sexual studies, entrepreneurship; as well as South Africa) who attended the Expo and reproductive health, and start-up tutorials using ICT to stand out in branding and showcased what they have been doing where young women access guidance on marketing their innovative products. Her in their respective countries. how to start up their businesses. Dukataze ambition is also to establish an electronics currently includes an e-commerce institution which will train young women Susannah Farr, CEO of the Gold Youth component where different products in the area of electronic circuits design Development Agency (GYDA) in South made by girls and young women can be and assembling as well as give informal Africa, was the top innovator at the Expo. sold. training in the area of electronics and Her organisation is committed to serving electrical devices troubleshooting and young people at grassroots through a Angèle Messa: Designing alternative servicing to young women who dropped replicable scalable peer-education model methods to increase access to out of school but still want to pursue a that considers every young person on the education career in STEM. continent as a future nation builder. The From Cameroon, Angèle was among GYDA is harnessing the positive influence the top innovators at the first edition of About Innovating Education Expo in young people have over their peers to the Innovating Education Expo 2018 in Africa. drive sustainable outcomes in the area Dakar, Senegal. She developed, Educlik, a The Innovating Education in Africa Expo of education and behavioural change. platform designed to promote alternative is an annual event of the African Union The organisation is addressing education teaching methods for children who cannot intended to showcase practical social outcomes in challenging circumstances access the formal education system. and technological innovations aimed at and looking at solutions to create jobs Through online and offline technologies enhancing access, quality, relevance in areas where there are no jobs. Their (internet, USSD, SMS), education content and inclusion in education in order to evidence-based youth peer education is designed and transmitted to vulnerable release the potential for empowerment, model has been used to reach over 55 and marginalized categories including employability and inventiveness. The 2019 000 young people in 123 communities young people and children in refugee Expo brought together innovators and across 4 countries. camps, orphanages as well as people educators across the continent with the living with disabilities. The Innovating goal to showcase concrete innovations Anne Nyaboke Wakesho: Enhancing Education Prize in 2018 helped Educlik geared towards enhancing access, quality, access to literacy through Digital Apps completely digitise their services and relevance and inclusion in the education Anne, representing eLimu Kenya, a design more education content. In order sector. This year, 380 innovators submitted leading digital educational content to enhance girls’ and young women’s applications to exhibit and present papers provider in East Africa, won the second access to their content, the subscription at the event. The selected top eleven prize at the Innovating Education Expo is free. As of August 2019, more than innovators had the opportunity to pitch 2019. Her company created Hadithi 3,000 young people had benefited from to an expert jury during the event for a Hadithi, a literacy app targeting young the services of Educlick. chance to win prizes ranging from U$5,000 people out-of-school and early childhood to US$50,000 to scale up their projects kids in communities and refugee camps. Anita Antwiwaa: Breaking down space under the AU Education Innovation Prize. Available in English, Swahili and Somali, science for young people Hadithi Hadithi provides an education Ghanaian Dr. Anita Antwiwaa is a certified content reflecting Africa’s local reality Engineer with a PhD in Electronics and through stories written and illustrated Communications Engineering. She is by Kenyan teachers and artists across the head of operations East Africa. It also encompasses letter for tracing, spelling and sentence making Space Systems Technology exercises. All these form a pedagogy Laboratory (SSTL), which known as “Reading to Learn” which successfully launched aims at improving progress in reading and the historic GhanaSat-1, writing four times faster than traditional developed by young methods. Ghanaian Engineers from the University in 2017 Amina Umuhoza: Empowering girls to take photographs of through e-counselling the Earth and to monitor Amina, a young Rwandan woman, stands Ghana's coastal areas. One up for women’s empowerment in her of her current projects is country. Through the initiative Dukataze, teaching Space Technology AUC, HRST Commissioner H.E. Prof an online platform aimed at equipping girls to the Youth using CanSat in order to boost Sarah Anyang Agbor presents with the right skills, as well as to mentally, their interest in choosing a career in that cheque to one of the winners socially and economically empower them area as well as teaching young women to reduce unwanted pregnancies. Some 84 AU ECHO 2019

YOUTH

The Trace TV Academy Initiative AU ECHO 2019 85

In April 2019, the African One of the key areas of cooperation narrative and edutainment approach I Union launched the 1 Million outlined in the MOU is Collaboration in through dedicated TV channels and by 2021 initiative which aims the implementation of the pathway on on-demand video courses to reach 1 million young people 'Alternative models for Education and • Avail courses in French, English, by the year 2021 by creating skills development' through the Trace Portuguese and other widely spoken opportunities for them in Education, Academy Project which is a disruptive and African languages Employment, Entrepreneurship and affordable freemium TV and online learning • Offer original online vocational Employment (4E’s) platform and ecosystem that will provide training courses remediation basic skill courses, soft skills, • Provide short and modular One of the organisations that pledged to entrepreneurship and vocational training personalized courses adapted to support the AU in this initiative is Trace courses adapted to Africa and leading to African employment realities TV which pledged to avail to the AU a employability and job creation. • Promote soft skill and Digital and TV learning platform focused entrepreneurship learning on vocational training towards equipping Branded as the “The Netflix of Education • Develop courses adopted for mobile youth for jobs of today and tomorrow and for Africa’” and “the Number 1 with offline usage solution to avoid to respond to the pathways of alternative Edutainment Platform for Africa” Trace costly data consumption learning and digital skills under the Es of Academy courses will use the latest • Associate with Governments / African “Education and Employment entertainment and technical features to Union for learning certification and respectively. guarantee adoption and engagement and with mentors, schools, universities, avoid the high rates of dropouts as seen incubators for onsite and human In April 2019, Trace TV signed a in most western E-learning services. support Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) • Partner with companies & job boards with the AU. The MOU is anchored on Trace Academy aims to: to facilitate path to employment the Continental Education Strategy for • Train millions of African youth at a very (internships) Africa (CESA 16-25) and the Technical and small fraction of existing education • Develop an industrialized model to Vocational Education and Training Strategy costs guarantee fast expansion and quality which are key African Union instruments • Bring entertainment, technology and throughout all African countries so under Agenda 2063 aimed at enhancing Africanisation to traditional academic that millions of youth can access the economic development and prospects courses courses leading to employability of young people in Africa. • Offer remediation courses for • Leverage the Trace brand and basic skills that will include African marketing power to engage with African youth ACADEMIC ENTERTAINMENT • Basic skill remediation courses • Gamification adapted from official courses • Story telling • Online vocational courses adapted • Animation from existing e-learning services • Video usage and visual effects • Soft skill & entrepreneurship courses • Master classes with celebrities to understand the entertainment industry AFRICANISATION TECHNOLOGY • Build African characters & narrative for • Personalized tests animations, comic books etc. • Interactivity and Adaptive learning • Courses in African languages in • Augmented reality addition to English, French, Portuguese • Artificial intelligence and • Use of African cultural identity to recommendation engine engage and keep learners’ interest • Local billing and content delivery network (CDN) solutions Trace Tv ONE EFFECT OF SUSTAINED CONFLICT IS TO NARROW OUR VISION Silencing OF WHAT IS POSSIBLE the Guns: Creating Conducive Nelson Conditions for Africa's Mandela Development

#SilencingTheGuns

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YOUTH

IT'S IMPOSSIBLE for younger generations. The teens co-piloted the light aircraft across the UNTIL ITS DONE: continent supported by another Sling 4 plane flown by professional Teens build and pilots that escorted them on the entire trip.

Meet the some of the fly a 4 Seater young students who built and flew the plane. Plane from • Megan Werner (17) - Pilot • Abel Dlamini 18 – Pilot Cape to Cairo • Driaan Von Den South African Heerver outh African teenagers technology and entrepreneurship 18 - Co-pilot teenagers S made history when as necessary key drivers for • Keamogetswe they assembled a four- Africa’s development. Seemela Agnes made history seater plane from a kit (15) – built the and flew it from Cape To bring this dream to life, Megan wing, center when they Town to Cairo and the U-Dream Global team fuselage, published a call for students horizontal and assembled a The kit, manufactured by the who would be interested in flying vertical stabilizer Airplane Factory based in Cape across Africa in a plane they built • Resego Moroka four-seater Town, South Africa and which themselves. Over 1,500 students (18) – Built the would normally take 3000-man from diverse backgrounds across central fuselage plane from a hours to assemble was built by South Africa applied, with only (the cockpit) 20 inexperienced teens in three twenty being selected on the • Lesego kit and flew weeks . Over 6 weeks, the teens basis of aptitude test results and Ngoasheng (16) flew the self-assembled Sling 4 motivation statements which – Build the tail of it from Cape plane from Cape to Cairo; making displayed their passion for aviation. the plane fueling stops in Namibia, Zambia, • Merritt Tyson and Town to Cairo Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, How did the teenagers do it? In an interview with international Daniel Stewart Rwanda, Ethiopia with the final (19) – Built body stop in Egypt. media before the flight, Megan’s father Des Werner, who is a of the plane This monumental achievement commercial pilot and U-Dream • Morgan began with one girl’s dream to co-founder explained that, “The Moretsele (21) – become a pilot so she could engine and avionics were fitted Mechanic fly across Africa. 17-year-old by specialists, but the building "The purpose of the pilot Megan Werner is also the was all done by the kids.” He initiative is to show founder of the U-Dream Global, explained further that the stop- Africa that anything is a non-profit organisation and overs in nine countries were a possible if you set your aviation outreach initiative that way to also inspire the youth in mind to it," Megan told fosters the aspirations of young those countries and highlight the the press after a flight people to pursue innovation, viability of the aviation industry from Ethiopia to Cairo. Resources mobilized in USD for Transnational Projects implemented under GGW Initiative:

• GEF and World Bank: $1.1B for SAWAP; 4.6Mfor BRICKS • European Union: 24M for FAO –AAD project and 8M for GM-UNCCD – FLEUVE project • GEF: 8M

766 441 ha under restoration including planted area, natural regeneration, green space: (754 441 by SAWAP and 12,000 h by AAD)

15 million Beneficiaries (14.9 million by SAWAP, 100,000 by AAD, FLEUVE and National Agencies)

12,194 Capacity development beneficiaries: (5,894 by SAWAP, 5,300 by AAD, 400 by FLEUVE, 600 by National Agencies)

Find out more about Agenda 2063 and Africa’s Great Green Wall Initiative by visiting www.au.int Green

African Union Headquarters P.O. Box 3243, Roosvelt Street W21K19, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251 (0) 11 551 77 00 Fax: +251 (0) 11 551 78 44 AU ECHO 2019 89

Focal areas of The Great The Great Green Wall (GGW) initiative aims Green Wall Initiative: to implement actions to end or reverse • Sustainable The Great land degradation, loss of biodiversity Water and Land in African drylands and to ensure that management ecosystems are resilient to climate • Land restoration & Wall change, continue to provide essential rehabilitation services and contribute to human well- • Smart agriculture being and the elimination of poverty Project • Alternative and and hunger. The GGW Initiative aims to Renewable Energy support over 425 million Africans living • Animal husbandry in the drylands to embrace sustainable development practices that protect the • Education and awareness environment and fight against hunger and poverty. This is important given the fact • Promotion of that the cost of inaction leads to forced Agroforestry migration and conflict, reduction of crop • Knowledge yields, unemployment, poverty, hunger exchange and malnutrition. • Non Timber Forest Products value The Great Green Wall Regional Harmonized chains development Strategy, the blue print for the initiative, production identifies cross-cutting actions required • Resources to address a wide range of concerns, Mobilization including natural resource management, • Advocacy sustainability of rural production systems and political (agriculture, livestock breeding, forestry, engagements water etc.), the development of rural • Capacity building production and trade infrastructures, and innovation

Green diversifying economic activities and wealth creation; considering gender, spiration 1 of Agenda 2063 Some achievemnts of the GGW youth and wealth issues in development. envisions “A prosperous Senegal: Creation of 9 multipurpose Therefore, the GGW initiative highlights A Africa based on inclusive gardens and 85% of people employed both socioeconomic growth and sustainable in these gardens are women and youth development” and one of the and environmental activities that are from pastoralist communities. Provision enabling factors to achieve this ambition required to fight the external shocks of alternative pasture and fodder gardens is ensuring that the continent has an jeopardising the wellbeing of people living for pastoralists during lean / dry season environmentally sustainable climate and in Africa’s drylands and its Ecosystems. to control transhumance which causes resilient economies and communities. conflicts. Impact includes increase in This requires that Africa puts in place The GGW Initiative comprises 21 African number of school-going children, reduction measures to sustainably manage the countries and is implemented under the in transhumance, improvement in health continent’s rich biodiversity, forests, land coordination of the African Union which and nutrition, development of non-farming and waters and using adaptive measures brings together international Development income to address climate change risks. & Technical Partners (EU, FAO, World Bank, UNCCD); partner institution’s Nigeria: 11 states of 36 involved, National The African Union has put in place initiatives (Pan African Agency of the Great Green resources mobilisation. 638.96 km that build the resilience of communities Wall, Permanent Interstate Committee shelterbelt established, 309 ha community and ecosystems in the dry lands of for Drought Control in the Sahel), Civil orchard plantations established; 292.7 Africa by combating land degradation, society organisations (ENDA Tiers Monde, ha community woodlot established; 22 desertification, loss of bio-diversity and SOS Sahel International, CARI) to support ha community vegetable gardening to climate change through the promotion the initiative. One of the programmes enhance food security; 157 solar powered of Sustainable Land Management and implemented as part of the GGW boreholes constructed and benefitting Restoration. To overcome the scourge of Initiative is the World Bank Sahel and over 40,000 people and 150,000 livestock climate change and variability manifesting West Africa Programme (SAWAP) which through the provision of water itself in the Sahel and the circum-Sahara is implemented in 12 African countries The GGW Initiative once completed regions through desertification, land through a funding of USD 1.1Billion and will become on one of the greatest degradation and drought, in 2007, the which by December 2017 had resulted environmental achievements of the 21st African Union launched the pan-African in restoration of 1,080,956 hectares and Century. Great Green Wall Initiative for the Sahara more than 21M people benefitting from and the Sahel. activities carried under SAWAP. 90 AU ECHO 2019

AFRICAN UNION CHAMPION HEADS OF STATE

H.E Alassane Dramane Ouattara, Pushing the Continental President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, Implementation of Agenda 2063 Agenda at the Highest Levels

n order for Africa to occupy what can be achieved through the Heads Only Heads of State and Government its rightful position as a key of State Champion Initiative. The AfCFTA in office can be selected as Champions. I player in the global arena, received the attention for Member States Being a champion or leader provides a African Union (AU) Heads of due to the lobbying at the highest level by unique platform for steering the continent States Champions are chosen H.E. Mr. Mahamadou Issoufou, President towards achieving a common goal. It by their peers to lead the process in focal of the Republic of Niger, and Leader of creates visibility for Africa’s development thematic areas that will drive growth and the Continental Free Trade Area Issues. priorities at regional and continental development and lead to the achievement The President undertook various advocacy level and promotes the continent in the of Africa’s Agenda. missions to AU Member States to collect international scene.. the required number of ratifications for The AU Champion Leaders: the entry into force of the AfCFTA. i) Strengthen collaboration and team spirit at a continental level as it With regards to the Institutional Reforms His Majesty King Letsie III of the Kingdom of Lesotho, Champion for Nutrition increases interaction between Heads of the African Union, championed by of State and Government H.E. Mr. Paul Kagame, President of the ii) Promote ownership and involvement Republic of Rwanda, a lot of progress has of African Union programmes and been noted. Including the rationalisation activities at the highest level; of the leadership portfolios, the increased iii) Facilitate peer learning and review focus on sustainable financing and improved financial management, the The AU Champions garner political prioritisation of AU programmes and support and advocate for AU activities division of labour between the AU and at the highest level possible, promoting RECs as well as increasing targets for political buy-in as well as full ownership women and youth representation and by Member States, thereby facilitating participation in the institutions of the AU; the implementation of key programmes all of which aim to ensure the African of the Union. Union is transformed to better serve the citizens of Africa and deliver Agenda 2063 During AU Summits, the Champions submit progress reports on their The areas of focus by the Presidents respective areas of focus to update Champions include: peace and security, on their achievements, and share their economic and political integration, challenges for further consideration and migration, ending child marriage in Africa, recommendations by the Assembly. agriculture (food security and nutrition), maritime security, safety and development Through this innovative way of enhancing in Africa, institutional reform of the African the implementation of Africa’s Agenda Union, elimination of female genital 2063, tangible results have been realised mutilation, domestic health financing, because of the commitment of the revitalization and operationalization of the Champions to their respective areas African Union Post Conflict Reconstruction of focus. The successful launch of the and Development (PCRD) policy and H.E. Mr. Denis Sassou Nguesso President African Continental Free Trade Area ending corruption in Africa. of the Republic of Congo High Level (AfCFTA) in 2019 is a prime example of Committee on Libya AU ECHO 2019 91

H.E. Mr. Nana Akufo Addo, President of the Republic of Ghana, Champion of the African Union Financial H.E. Mr. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Institutions. President of the Republic of Uganda, Gender and Development Issues Continent’s Political Integration in Africa H.E. Mr. Cyril Ramaphosa President of the Republic of South Africa, African Union-United Nations Cooperation

H.E. Mr. Idriss Déby Itno, President of H.E. Mr. Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister the Republic of Chad, Harnessing of the Federal Democratic Republic H.E. Mr. Mahamadou Issoufou the Demographic Dividend of Ethiopia, Implementation of the President of the Republic of Niger through investments in Youth” Comprehensive Africa Agriculture African Continental Free Trade (2017 AU Theme) Development Programme (CAADP) Area (AfCFTA)

H.E. Mr. Edgar Lungu, President of the Republic of Zambia, Ending Child Marriage in Africa H.E. Mr. Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé, President of the Togolese Republic, Maritime Security, Safety and H.E. Mr. Abdelmadjid, President of the Development in Africa. People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, Single African Air Transport Combating Terrorism and Violent Market (SAATM) Extremism in Africa

H.E. Mr. Abdel Fattah El-Sisi President of the Arab Republic of Egypt Revitalisation and His Majesty operationalisation of the policy on Mohamed VI, Post Conflict Reconstruction and King of Morocco, Development (PCRD) Migration issue IT IS MORE DIFFICULT TO ORGANISE A PEACE THAN TO WIN Silencing A WAR; BUT THE the Guns: FRUITS OF VICTORY Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's WILL BE LOST IF Development THE PEACE IS NOT #SilencingTheGuns ORGANIZED

Aristotle

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H.E. Mr. Julius Maada Bio, President of the Republic of Sierra Leone, Committee of H.E. Mr. Paul Kagame, President of the Ten (C10) on the United Republic of Rwanda, Institutional Reform Nations Security Council of the African Union. Reform Domestic Health Financing.

H.E. Mr. Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, President of the Republic of Burkina H.E. Muhammadu Buhari, President Faso, Elimination of Female Genital of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Mutilation "Winning the Fight Against H.E. Mr. Ali Bongo Ondimba, President Corruption. A Sustainable Path of the Gabonese Republic, Climate for Africa’s Transformation" Change (2018 Theme)

H.E. Mr. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of the Republic H.E. Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, of , “Refugees, President of the Republic of Mali, Returnees and Internal Displaced Leader on arts,culture and Persons (IDPs)” (2019 Theme) Heritage

H.M. King Mswati III, Head of State of the Kingdom Of , Chairperson of the African Leaders of Malaria Alliance (ALMA)

H.E. Danny Faure, President of the Republic Of Leader on The Blue Economy 94 AU ECHO 2019

THE ROLE OF SPECIALISED TECHNICAL COMMITTEES (STC'S) OF THE AU

The Specialized Technical programmes as well as coordination with the Regional Economic T Committees (STCs) are Communities (RECs). Article 15 of the Constitutive Act provides thematic committees that each committee shall, within its field of competence: and are answerable to • Prepare AU projects and programmes and submit them to the Executive Council. Each STC the Executive Council is composed of Member States’ • Ensure the supervision, follow up and evaluation of the ministers and senior officials implementation of decisions taken by AU organs responsible for sectors falling within • Ensure the coordination and harmonisation of AU projects their respective areas of competence. and programmes • Submit to the Executive Council, either on its own initiative The STCs work in close collaboration or at the request of the Executive Council, reports and with AUC departments to ensure the recommendations on the implementation of the provisions harmonisation of AU projects and of the Constitutive Act • Carry out any other functions assigned to it for the purpose of ensuring the

Each STC develops its own Rules of Procedure to define its detailed activities and functions, and submits these to the Executive Council for approval. Learn more about the STC on Finance, Monetary Affairs, Economic Planning and structure of the AU by Integration downloading Forum for African ministers responsible for finance, economy, the AU planning, integration and economic development, as well Handbook from www. as central bank governors, to discuss matters about the au.int development of Africa. This STC is also charged with following up on implementation of the integration agenda for the continent.

STC on Social Development, Labour and Employment Responsible for promoting cooperation amongst African countries in the areas of social protection, labour, employment, productivity and poverty alleviation. It reviews and harmonises Member States’ policies and legislation, and coordinates Common African Positions to advance African interests, promote tripartism and freedom of association, collective bargaining and decent work onoad he as well as reviewing and assessing progress made by Member States and RECs in implementing the oie App various instruments and policies that advance social protection.

SEARC STC on Health, Population and Drug Control African nion andboo It reviews progress in the implementation of policies, strategies, programmes and decisions, identifies areas of cooperation and establishes mechanisms for SEARC cooperation. It further serves to elaborate Common African nion andboo African Positions in its focal areas and advises relevant AU policy organs on priority programmes

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STC on Justice and Legal Affairs Action Plan on the Knowledge Economy; STC on Trade, Industry and Minerals It considers AU draft treaties and promotes public investment in ICT It formulates recommendations on other legal instruments or documents; infrastructure; and develops frameworks continental trade, industry and mineral surveys international law with a view for ICT policy and regulation harmonisation resource policies; develops programmes to selecting topics for codification in Africa. and projects in line with the African Mining within AU legal frameworks; following Vision and the Accelerated Industrial up on issues concerning the signature, STC on Defence, Safety and Security Development of Africa (AIDA) Action Plan; ratification/accession, domestication It facilitates development of the African and develops common views, positions and implementation of OAU/AU treaties. Standby Force (ASF) and African Capacity and strategies for Africa’s engagement in All STCs and the AU Commission on for Immediate Response to Crises international trade, industry and mineral International Law (AUCIL) submit their (ACIRC), Revised Roadmap III; discusses negotiations. proposed legal instruments to this STC recruitment of additional civilian personnel for further consideration. for the AUC Peace Support Operations STC on Gender and Women’s Division (PSOD); and discusses Member Empowerment STC on Youth, Culture and Sports State contributions for funding AU peace It advocates for ratification and Following up on the implementing the operations. implementation of AU policies and Decade for Youth Development Plan of instruments on gender equality, women’s Action, including the Youth Volunteer STC on Agriculture, Rural empowerment and women’s rights. It Corps, youth capacity building and the Development, Water and promotes and protects all human rights Technical and Vocational Education Environment for women, including implementation Training (TVET) Project in post-conflict It reviews strategic goals and identifies of Member States’ obligations and countries; ratification and implementation synergies and linkages, as well as commitments made under international, of the African Youth Charter, Charter implications for achieving the goals of continental, regional and country-level for the African Cultural Renaissance the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated human rights law; promotes gender- and the Policy Framework for the Agricultural Growth and Transformation responsive practices and realisation of Sustainable Development of Sport in for Shared Prosperity and Improved commitments to the human rights of Africa; establishing the Architecture Livelihoods; boosting the agenda for women. for Sport Development, Architecture attaining food and nutrition security; for Culture Development in Africa, Pan reducing poverty; boosting intra-African STC on Migration, Refugees and African Cultural Institute and the African trade; and enhancing resilience to climate Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Audiovisual and Cinema Commission change, related shocks and disasters. Focuses on strengthening mechanisms (AACC); and implementing adult education STC on Education, Science and for effective humanitarian response on and lifelong learning. Technology the continent through establishment STC on Public Service, Local Works on elaborating, adopting and of an African humanitarian agency; Government, Urban Development monitoring implementation of the African strengthening protection and assistance and Decentralization Continental Strategy for Education and for populations in need of humanitarian Its functions include: developing, the Continental Strategy for Technical and assistance including through the promoting and implementing the Vocational Education and Training; ensuring formulation and implementation of AU AU integration agenda and vision; Member States provide education data guidelines; strengthening measures to promoting Member States’ efforts for to the African Observatory for Education popularise international effective governance, development and the humanitarian law and principled action; and building capacity; preventing and African Observatory of Science, discussing Africa’s first comprehensive combatting corruption; promoting post- Technology and Innovation (AOSTI); Humanitarian conflict reconstruction of public services, establishing performance decentralization and local governance, Policy Framework, including guidelines and adoption of innovative approaches indicators for and receiving reports from on disaster management, epidemic to service delivery including through relevant national, regional and continental response, and information communications technology agencies (ICT); and developing a mechanism the role of the African Standby Force in for promoting sustainable human and institutions; monitoring humanitarian and disaster situations. settlements. implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation STC on Transport, Infrastructure, STC on Communication and Intercontinental and Interregional Information Communications Strategy for Africa (STISA 2024); engaging Infrastructure, Energy and Tourism Technology with Member States, international Its functions include: elaborating It oversees development and development continental policies; development implementation of policies on access to strategies, regulations, standards and partners and the African Diaspora to information and freedom of expression; programmes for transport, infrastructure, mobilise resources; overseeing the oversees promotion of the capacity energy and tourism; ensuring oversight, promotion, coordination of African media; develops common monitoring and evaluation of decisions; ensuring coordination of programmes African e-strategies; discusses resource and strengthening of programmes in and projects; and monitoring relations mobilisation and capacity building for response to Africa’s Agenda 2063 and with international partners. implementation of the African Regional the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Ministers in charge of Communication SUMMARY OF THE and Information 3RD SPECIALIZED and Communication Technology (CICT) TECHNICAL and Postal Services COMMITTEE ON attended the Third Ordinary Session COMMUNICATION of the African Union Specialized & INFORMATION Technical COMMUNICATION Committee on Communication TECHNOLOGIES and Information Communication Technologies (STC- CICT-3) which was held at Sharm El Sheikh, Arab Republic of Egypt, from 22 to 26 October 2019.

summary of the decisions and outcomes are provided below: • AUC to mobilise the necessary A resources to implement 1. Election of bureau members the Comprehensive Digital • For a period two years namely: Egypt, Chair of the Bureau; Burundi, Transformation Strategy for Africa 1st Vice Chair of the Bureau; Malawi, 2nd Vice Chair of the Bureau; Sierra Leone, and develop the matrix for the 3rd Vice Chair of the Bureau; and Djibouti, Rapporteur of the Bureau; implementation of the Strategy

2. Digitalisation of Africa 3. Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, and • Develop and implement policies and regulations that create an enabling Personal Data Protection environment required to stimulate and accelerate digital transformation for • Accelerate the ratification of the AU national, regional and continental development Convention on Cyber Security and • Ministers to promote the implementation of The Policy and Regulatory Initiative personal Data protection (Malabo for a Digital Africa (PRIDA) with the AUC urged to accelerate implementation of Convention); PRIDA and promote the development and use of the PRIDA Digital Platform; • AU Convention and the Guidelines • PRIDA Digital Platform to be used as a space to build an African Common on Internet Infrastructure Security, Position in order to promote a safer African • Member States to promote and implement the Digital Transformation Strategy Cyberspace for Africa (2020- 2030) as the common digitalization agenda for the Continent • AUC to develop guidelines on upon its adoption Privacy and Over The Top services AU ECHO 2019 97

(OTT) in collaboration with relevant it to better and more effectively • AUC to the formulate strategy continental and regional institutions, communicate to various and pilot projects for Unlocking and submit the guidelines to the stakeholders and audiences on Access to Basic Infrastructure and STC-CICT 4 in 2021 different media platforms, in a Services for Rural and Remote Areas • AUC to develop a continental strategic, consistent and timely including Indigenous Community framework on data policy and manner Networks, and develop guidelines submit to the STC-CICT 4 in 2021 • AUC to provide the necessary on legislation on deployment of support to ensure the effective technologies and ICT applications, 4. Dot Africa implementation and launch of the to accelerate infrastructure role out • Encouraged ownership and use of AU Media Awards within the period in collaboration with ATU and other dotAfrica by Member States, African 2020-2021 regional institutions people and businesses; • Republic of South Africa commended • AUC requested to speed the transfer for offering to assist the AUC to 11. Promoting Creative Industries of the AUC Website from au.int to hasten the refurbishment and • Encourage development and au.africa and the e-mail services operationalization of the AU Studio; distribution of African Local Content from africa-union.org to au.africa. • Government of the Republic of • Provide funding, infrastructure and Zimbabwe commended for funding skills development 5. Action Plan for the Sustainable the process for the creation of the Development of the Postal 12. African Internet Governance first edition of the Africa Factbook, Sector in Africa to contribute to Africa’s digital and Member States urged to fund • Implementation of projects on economy ; subsequent publications on a Addressing and Postcode Systems; • AUC to commit an annual budget rotational basis and AUC to finalise • Connectivity and Electrification of for the organisation and support of the production of, and launch the Post Offices in rural areas, the Annual African IGF and African first edition of the Africa Factbook • AUC to mobilize resources in School of Internet Governance collaboration with Pan African 7. Program for Infrastructure 13. Public-Private Partnerships Postal Union (PAPU) to support Development in Africa (PIDA); • Cooperation with the African connectivity and Electrification of • Promote the adoption of green ICT private sector and institutions Post Offices in rural areas; Infrastructure for coordinated mobilization of • Include postal digitalization in both • AUC to work with the African resources for Communication and national priorities and national digital Telecommunications Union (ATU) to ICT projects strategies, pursue the digitization of develop a road map and guidelines • Establish a working group on Artificial postal financial services, and set up for spectrum harmonization and Intelligence (AI) based on existing a cashless system deployment for current and future initiatives and in collaboration with • Financial Inclusion of the Low- mobile and wireless broadband African Institutions to study: Income Population and e-Commerce networks such as IMT2020 /5G; Development in Africa i. The creation of a common • Universal Postal Union 27th 8. African Satellite African stance on AI Congress to be held in Abidjan, Cote Communication Organisation ii. The development of an D’Ivoire in August 2020. (RASCOM) Africa wide capacity building • Minister to support implementation framework 6. Promoting the AU Mandates, of RASCOM iii. Establishment of an AI think Agenda 2063 and AU Brand • AUC to transfer the common assets tank to assess and recommend Identity of the Pan African e-Network to the projects to collaborate on in line • Member States to encourage management of RASCOM with Agenda 2063 and SDGs National Broadcasters to support dissemination of content produced 9. Efficient management of by the AU, including supporting the Spectrum and harmonized use editing of produced films to make of the digital dividend them available in national and local languages in order to reach the widest audience; • AUC to ensure that the Brand & 10. Promoting ICT Penetration Communication Style Guide and in Rural areas to promote the Communication Policies and Development Procedures are instituted within • Ministers to promote access to the organisation; rural communities and cooperation • AUC to dedicate realistic and with Transport and Energy sectors appropriate resources (human, on conduits and alternative ICT material and financial) to enable Infrastructure respectively 98 AU ECHO 2019

UPDATE ON THE 3RD STC FINANCE, MONETARY AFFAIRS, ECONOMIC PLANNING & INTEGRATION The Ministers of Finance, Economic Planning and Integration and Central Bank Governors of African Union (AU) Member States, attended the 3rd AU Specialized Technical Committee on Finance, Monetary Affairs, Economic Planning and Integration in Yaoundé, Cameroon from 7 to 8 March 2019.

everal outcomes were agreed to in States for them to comply with the set S key areas including: convergence criteria 1. African Union Financial 3. Role of capital markets in mobilizing Institutions domestic resources in Africa • AUC to develop a strategy for accelerating • AUC, in collaboration with African Stock the signature and ratification of legal Exchange Association (ASEA), to raise instruments of the African Financial awareness encouraging Member States to Institutions** to be presented to the 4th set up national and regional stock exchanges STC on Finance, Monetary Affairs, Economic including the development of vibrant bond Planning, and Integration markets, and to fast-track the establishment • AUC and the Association of African Central of the Pan-African Stock Exchange Banks (AACB) to work together to revise the timelines for the establishment of 4. International Credit Rating Agencies the using the AACB • African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) and report on the refinement of the convergence AUC to develop a concrete proposal on the criteria of the African Monetary Cooperation support to Member States on International Programme as the reference document Credit Rating Agencies (ICRAs), and carry out a feasibility study on the creation of an **Proposed African Financial Institutions are the African credit rating Agency to be presented African Central Bank, the African Investment to the Fourth STC on Finance, Monetary Bank and African Monetary Fund Affairs, Economic Planning, and Integration

2. African Monetary Cooperation 5. The African Continental Free Trade Area Programme (AMCP) - Convergence (AfCFTA) Criteria • Member States to undertake the necessary • Endorsed the report on the refinement of processes required to accelerate the the convergence criteria and the timelines ratification of the Agreement of the AfCFTA for the establishment of the African Central • AUC in collaboration with Afreximbank and Bank and the report on the monitoring the AACB to support the development of the framework and peer review mechanism; Pan African Digital Payment and Settlement • AUC to ensure that the AACB convergence System; programme is aligned with that of the RECs, • Member States to support and actively including GDP per capita as a second criteria, follow Phase II of the negotiations of the and both institutions to work together to AfCFTA on investments, competition policy provide the necessary support to Member and intellectual property rights • AUC in collaboration with the UNECA to provide technical support to Member states in the development of National AfCFTA Strategies

6. Regional Integration • Member States to take the necessary measures to fully implement the Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and IF YOU WANT the Single African Air Transport Market • AU Commission (AUC) to produce a bi-annual Regional PEACE, YOU DON'T Integration Bulletin and an Annual Regional Integration report • Sensitisation of African citizens on integration issues through TALK TO YOUR an annual integration forum that will include professionals, academics, women, private sector, diaspora and other FRIENDS. YOU TALK African stakeholders TO YOUR ENEMIES. 7. Public policies for productive transformation a. Improving the effectiveness of existing legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks through improved governance Desmond in support of public policies for productive transformation; Tutu b. Improving the coherence of public policies for effective productive transformation by harmonising fiscal, industrial and trade policies and aligning them with regional and continental initiatives c. Accelerating the development of skills in diverse and relevant areas at the local, national, continental and international levels in order to increase the productivity, innovation capacity and competitiveness of the industrial and agro- industrial sector in Africa d. Member States and international financial institutions to promote cross-border investments for developing regional projects in the areas of energy, trans-boundary waters, information and communication technology, as well as value chains and trade; e. Working together to promote the entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship through access to financial services to skills development, and affordable energy to enhance Africa’s productive capacities f. Assessing productive transformation in Africa and setting up a platform for sharing experiences on successful productive transformation strategies implemented within and outside the Continent in order to capitalize on past experiences and to identify successful industrial clusters in countries

8. Statistical Development in Africa a. Member States to align and adhere to new areas of statistical development such as big data, data revolution, and Statistical Silencing Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) b. AUC, AfDB, UNECA, ACBF, RECs, and Member States to the Guns: mobilize adequate and sustainable resources to the activities Creating Conducive of statistics, and invite Member States to implement the AU Heads of State and Government Assembly decision to Conditions for Africa's allocate 0.15% of their national budgets to statistics Development

The ministers also deliberated and recognised the need for #SilencingTheGuns #SilencingTheGuns Africa to undertake deep structural reforms to successfully www.au.int diversify its economy, both vertically and horizontally in order to generate decent, productive employment for its young population, and to stem the flow of migration of African youths towards the developed world; and the potential role that structural transformation can play in fostering rapid inclusive, resilient and sustainable socio-economic development leading to minimizing income and wealth disparities and eradicating poverty 100 AU ECHO 2019

4. Drug Control • Member States to recognise drug use as a public health RD matter which should THE 3 STC ON HEALTH, be mainstreamed into multi-sectoral national strategies; POPULATION AND DRUG CONTROL • Address recidivism and encourage reintegration, in a coordinated and The Ministers of Health of (AU) Member States, attended holistic manner, by taking into consideration the the 3rd AU Specialized Technical Committee on Health needs of marginalised groups Population and Drug Control in Cairo, Egypt from 1 to 2 5. Dialogue on Africa August 2019. and Post-Political Declaration and Plan of Action he STC was convened under levying taxes on harmful products whose on International T the theme “Increased Domestic use ultimately consumes scarce health Cooperation towards Financing for Universal Health resources; an Integrated and Coverage and Health Security for All • Collectively insisting on the harmonisation Balanced Strategy African Citizens - Including Refugees, of development assistance for health (DAH) to Counter the World Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons” with Member States’ and Continental Drug Problem priorities so that assistance complements • Member States should The Honourable Ministers made the following and supplements domestic resources; move away from punitive recommendations on the key issues discussed • Increasing allocative efficiency, including approaches to drug use from Experts Sessions and High Level Dialogues but not limited to the percentage of and tailor their responses government health resources directed 1. Health in accordance with public to primary health care and the use of • Introduction of earmarked legislative health principles; strategic purchasing, and the effectiveness taxes through National and Social health • AU to leverage technical of spending; insurance schemes while reducing and/or assistance for research • Improving cross-sectoral collaboration, removing value added taxation on medical on new and emerging taking a holistic approach to well-being commodities and supplies to improve drug trends in order to as a development agenda which requires sustainability of national insurance schemes respond appropriately efforts beyond the health sector. • Establishment of updated unique identify • Member States to establish drug electronic medical records to overcome 3. Dialogue on the African Union Role in fragmentation of primary health care epidemiology networks Achieving Universal Health Coverage to collect treatment data supplies by aligning facility and national (UHC): The Next Epidemic: How supply data that will inform evidence- Prepared are we to Achieve Health based practices; • Following consideration of the Report on Security in Africa the Next Steps Post-Africa Leadership • Member States • Ensure access to health for all including encouraged to allocate Meeting on Domestic Financing for Health:- refugees, returnees, and internal displaced i. Development Partners are to align funds from national fiscus persons as well as other vulnerable to respond adequately their spending on health, to the health populations; priorities of Member States, using and effectively to the • There must be political commitment by problems of drug use. the Regional Health Financing Hubs Heads of State and Government towards (based in the RECs) as a means to achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC); 6. Population achieve alignment and harmonisation; • Place emphasis on preventive medicines • Member States to ii. Member States to address tax and scale up prevention measures in other conduct national avoidance through reconsidering to reduce the burden of communicable Censuses in accordance exemption laws and regulations. and non-communicable diseases in Africa; with recommended • Increase domestic resource for health; 2. Increased Domestic Financing For periodicity, and • Protect health professionals in conflict areas Universal Health Coverage And Health strengthen and expand and emphasise the need for collaboration Security coverage of civil between Ministers of Health and Defence • Translating growing political commitment registration and vital and/or Security; to increasing domestic investment in statistical systems • The need to combat terrorism because it health into action that results in increased in order to produce deprives human beings of some of the vital resources for health (within existing fiscal accurate and reliable data rights necessary for life; realities) and using legislative prevention by that will complement • Strengthen health information systems. census data and provide AU ECHO 2019 101

the data necessary for planning services should be costed for the 12. African Common Position on • Increase access to quality, affordable provision of services and training Antimicrobial Resistance health care services for young of personnel inclusive of conflict or • Develop policy, implement programs, people, through investigating the humanitarian situations; finance, and train human resources appropriateness of health insurance • The establishment of a continental to: schemes mechanism to regulate and manage i. Improve monitoring of • Income generation amongst young intra and extra-continental migration AMR, including: Increase the people is promoted of health workers, particularly in number of tests performed on • Obstacles on use of modern relation to the provision of quality humans, animals, and plants contraceptives are tracked in order Nutrition and Primary Health Care for AMR organisms; Increase to improve uptake (PHC) services; the proportion of human and • Issues of migration to be well • Regional Economic Communities animal diagnostic laboratories incorporated into interventions on (RECs) are encouraged to harmonise with quality assurance population and development migration and health policies in order programs and international to address cross border health-related accreditation; Increase the 7. Consensus Building of a issues among those concerned; number of national laboratories Common African Position on • Situation analyses and needs conducting surveillance for AMR Populations Issues assessment of the health of migrants using standardized protocols; • Strength institutional mechanisms for planning purpose, with the Continuously collect, analyze, for population and development in involvement and participation of the report, and disseminate data order to harness and take advantage most vulnerable, including women about AMR and antimicrobial of the demographic dividend and adolescents; use for high priority pathogens • Need for accurate data on population • Recognition for the safety and the to relevant AU agencies and and development security of health workers and international organizations, such emphasis should be placed on the as the Tripartite Collaboration on 8. Campaign for the Accelerated collaboration between Ministers of AMR. Reduction of Maternal Mortality Health and Defense and/or Security ii. Delay emergence of AMR, in Africa (CARMMA) 2009-2019 • 10. Prevention, Care and Treatment including: Restrict over-the- • Member States should regularly of Viral Hepatitis counter sales of antimicrobials provide updated data and reports for • Prioritise Infection, Prevention and classified as “watch” and the effective and efficient monitoring Control (IPC) including water and “reserve” by the World of the status of Reproductive, sanitation in preventing viral hepatitis Health Organization; Increase Maternal, Newborn, Child and (for hepatitis E in particular); the proportion of healthcare Adolescent Health (RMNCAH) across • Reflect the high cost of preventing providers adhering to prudent the Continent; viral hepatitis, as it remains a antimicrobial use guidelines; • Champions or Good will ambassadors challenge for implementation of Increase the proportion of should be identified at the national Hepatitis programmes in Member veterinarians and food producers and continental levels to advocate States; adhering to prudent antimicrobial for the mobilization/generation of • Put in place bulk procurement use guidelines, including use of domestic resources for Reproductive, mechanisms in order to ensure safe farming practices (e.g. good Maternal, New-born, Child and reduction of the costs for medicines, nutrition, vaccination, biosafety Adolescent Health (RMNCAH); vaccines and diagnostics; and biosecurity) and halting all • iSouth-South Cooperation should • Strengthen knowledge management use of medically important be strengthened, with support and on viral hepatitis in Africa antimicrobials for growth funding for MNCAH across the promotion; Reduce availability Continent; 11. Cost of Hunger in Africa (COHA) and sales of sub-standard and • Establish a surveillance system of Study falsified antimicrobials. maternal and peri-natal deaths and • A continental nutrition report on the iii. Limit transmission of response as an important component progress in the implementation of the AMR, including: Increase of the strategies to end avoidable COHA Studies recommendations be the proportion of healthcare maternal and peri-natal deaths. produced by the Commission, with facilities implementing infection the support of the WFP and other 9. Maternal, Newborn Child and control and prevention programs stakeholders; Adolescent Health (MNCAH) and antimicrobial stewardship • The results of the COHA Studies Status Report for 2019 programs; Increase the should be used to engage • Timely collection of data should availability and sales of animal parliamentarians to allocate clear continue during crises and include products and crops produced budgets for advocacy to track situation analyses and needs with prudent antimicrobials nutrition interventions and advocate assessments of migrants; use; Increase access to clean for domestic resources for nutrition; • A digitized central repository of up- water, sanitation, and hygiene • The AU should leverage the support to-date, open source humanitarian in healthcare facilities, farms, of RECs for the development of emergency MNCAH data should be schools, households, and Regional Nutrition Strategies and established for planning purposes; community settings; Increase Regional Nutrition Scorecards. • A minimum basic package of MNCAH compliance with international 102 AU ECHO 2019

standards for management of human, animal, and industrial waste. iv. Mitigate harm from AMR, including: Increase the number of healthcare facilities with quality diagnostic tests TH for infection and AMR; Reduce the OUTCOMES OF THE 4 availability and use of substandard diagnostic tests and supplies; Increase the proportion of healthcare providers, SPECIALISED TECHNICAL veterinarians, and healthcare facilities adhering to guidelines for treatment of susceptible and AMR infections COMMITTEE ON GENDER in humans and animals; Maintain consistent supply of and access to essential antimicrobials that have been EQUALITY & WOMEN'S quality assured. • Establish and strengthen national task forces that represent human, animal, plants EMPOWERMENT and environmental agencies. • Develop or revise, fund, and monitor national action plans for AMR. The Ministers in charge of gender affairs in • Engage civil society organizations, media, and the general public to promote awareness African Union (AU) Member States attended and understanding of AMR and support for programs to control AMR. the 4th Specialised Technical Committee

• AU Commission recommended to: (STC) on Gender Equality and Women’s i. Fully constitute, fund, and manage an African Union Task Force on AMR, for Empowerment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, monitoring, reviewing, coordinating, and developing policies related to from 31 October to 1 November 2019 in AMR with representation from all relevant human, animal, plant, and Addis Ababa Ethiopia. environmental agencies in a One Health approach. summary of the outcomes of the STC are provided below. ii. Advocate for Member States, Regional A 1. Report on the Solemn Declaration on Gender Economic Communities, and other relevant organizations to adopt Equality in Africa (SDGEA) policies and laws to enable long-term Ministers adopted the SDGEA reports in preparation for prevention and control of AMR. presentation to the relevant AU policy organs iii. Support human resources development i. Requested the AU Commission to circulate the SDGEA reports to all for AMR prevention and control among Member States as a way of sharing good practices and experiences, to African Union human, animal, plant, review the reporting cycle on a biennial basis, as per the recommendations and environmental agencies. of previous STCs and share reporting guidelines and timeframes with iv. Convene at least one high-level member States, to organise training/capacity building and provide meeting annually in conjunction with ongoing support to Member States: AU Summit to update Member States • To report including on the new online reporting tool about progress in AMR prevention and • To link the pre-existing online reporting tool with tools at national, control and advocate for sustained regional and continental levels progress. • To establish other means of reporting where appropriate to include v. Work with African universities and people living in remote areas, who may not have access to the research institutions to promote internet, and to Include issues related to human trafficking in its innovation in defining and quantifying priorities and reporting process for solutions. the source and extent of AMR and ii. Encouraged Member States to strengthen mainstreaming of gender in development of new antimicrobials, government institutions and promote effective financial mechanisms vaccines, diagnostics, and waste for women’s empowerment management tools to secure the future iii. Encouraged member States who have not yet submitted their initial of antimicrobial resistance so no one reports to do so urgently is left behind. 2. Beijing+25 Review vi. Strengthen the AU to become a Ministers adopted the Africa Political Declaration and Key Messages relating unified and influential voice in global to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action + 25 governance and accountability in AMR. AU ECHO 2019 103

3. Budget of the Women, Gender Gendercommencement of the meeting About the STC on and Development Directorate Gender & Women’s and Support to the Pan-African 6. On African Women’s Decade Empowerment : The STC roles Women’s Organization (PAWO) (AWD) and Fund for African include advocating Women (FAW) for ratification and implementation Ministers: Ministers: of AU policies i. requested the AUC to fund and instruments i. requested Member States to submit on gender WGDD activities from Member their national AWD reports, which will equality, women’s States’ contributions, as per the empowerment and feed into the final AWD synthesis recommendation of the PRC Sub- women’s rights; report at continental level promotion and Committee on Finance and Budgetary protection of all ii. requested the AUC to undertake matters and in line with the Rules human rights for evaluations of the Fund for African women, including and Regulations of the Commission Women and recommend its implementation related to financing and budgetary of Member States’ transformation obligations and matters commitments made ii. Requested the AUC to undertake a 7. African Women’s Leaders under international, continental, regional detailed financial, legal, and structural Network (AWLN) and African and country-level assessment of PAWO and provide a Women’s Leadership Fund human rights law; report in conformity with the relevant promotion of gender- (AWLF) responsive practices Executive Council decisions on and realisation of PAWO in consultation with Member Ministers: commitments to i. Encouraged member States who the human rights of States women. have not yet done so, to establish 4. African Union Pan-African National Chapters by 2020 Women’s Awards (PAWA): ii. Encouraged Member States to Ministers requested Member States involve civil society organizations to submit names of women (living or (CSOs) as well as financial institutions deceased) and the fields to be considered in the AWLN and AWLF for the Award 8. Ratification, Domestication and 5. AU Strategy for Gender Equality Implementation of the Maputo and Women’s Empowerment Protocol on Women’s Rights (AU GEWE Strategy): Ministers: PROTOCOL TO Ministers: i. urged Member States who have THE AFRICAN i. Requested the AUC to continue to not ratified the Maputo Protocol to CHARTER ON make the necessary amendments continue engaging relevant national HUMAN AND throughout the strategy, including entities such as national parliaments, PEOPLES’ acronyms, definitions and annexes ministries of justice and of foreign RIGHTS ON to ensure that it is in conformity with affairs to accelerate efforts to ratify THE RIGHTS the Common Africa Position (CAP); Maputo Protocol by 2020. OF WOMEN ii. Requested the Commission to ii. encouraged the AUC to conduct IN AFRICA suspend the dissemination of the advocacy missions in countries that strategy until it is amended and have not ratified the Maputo Protocol presented for adoption at the next to accelerate ratification processes. STC in May 2020

Protocol to the African Charter on iii. Further urged the AUC to circulate Human and People’s Rights on the 1 Rights of Women in Africa documentations relevant to the meetings of STC on GEWE, including Women draft decisions and reports which will be adopted during the session, fourteen (14) days prior to the Empowerment 104 AU ECHO 2019

THE 3RD STC ON AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT The Ministers of African Union (AU) Member States, attended the 3rd AU Specialized Technical Committee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Water and Environment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 21 to 25 October 2019.

everal outcomes were agreed • Natural Hazards Early Warning • Establishment of an African Centre to in key areas including: Systems (EWS) into the existing of Excellence for Disaster Risk S Continental Situation Room; Reduction which will contribute to A: ENVIRONMENT AND • An overarching Strategy on strengthening of the disaster risk NATURAL RESOURCES Environmental Issues / African reduction institutions in Africa and is Environmental Charter; expected to be operational by 2022 1. Strategy for Environment, • Circular economy framework in place • Member States urged to ratify the Climate Change, Water and and single use plastics banned in treaty on the Africa Risk Capacity Land Management Division 40% of African countries (ARC) and to actively participate (ECCWLM) 2019-2023 • Adoption of an African Drought in the ARC risk pool. The ARC is a i. Member States and Partners asked Strategy specialised agency of the AU and to support the implementation of • 20% of pledged land restored by works to improve the capacities this strategy which aims to achieve Member States with support of AUC of Member States to better plan, the following: and Partners; prepare and respond to extreme • Framework for Sustainable Forest • Africa’s voice in multilateral weather events and natural disasters. Management environmental agreements It focuses on (i) Early Warning: • Adoption of Tools and Guidelines on strengthened Africa RiskView (ii) Preparedness: integration of Biodiversity • Production of biennial reports Contingency Planning; (iii) Insurance: • Reduction by 10% illegal exploitation institutionalised for all sub-sectors Index-based insurance and risk and trade in wildlife and forest pooling; and (iv) Accountability: resources 2. Disaster Risk Reduction Evaluation of the response delivery. • Reduced open defecation; • Africa Regional Platform on Disaster To date 33 countries have signed the • Increased usage of wastewater Risk Reduction: Adoption of the ARC Treaty and 8 have ratified. through recycling and reuse; Tunis Declaration on accelerating • Adoption of an Integrated African the implementation of the Sendai 3. Global Framework for Climate Strategy on Meteorology (Climate Framework for Disaster Risk Services (GFCS) Programme and Services and Weather) Reduction 2015-2030 and the Africa Meteorology • Regular production of continental Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk • Member States urged to expedite climate outlook Reduction the development and implementation AU ECHO 2019 105

of their National Strategic and Action climate change negotiations and (v) Knowledge management and drought Plans on Meteorology support Member States in the awareness; and (vi) Reducing underlying • AUC and RECs to facilitate implementation of NDCs, climate factors of drought risk accelerated Member States’ change adaptation and mitigation. 11. Water and Sanitation preparedness for transition from the AUC also requested to continue to • Commitment to promote use of products from the Meteosat support regional and continental achievement of African Water Vision Second Generation (MSG) to the initiatives on climate change, 2025; Agenda 2063 and 2030 SDGs Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) including the Climate Commissions Goal 6 Satellites established at COP22, (Congo Basin • Endorsed the proposal to convene an • AU, RECs and Member States to Climate Commission, Sahel Climate AU Summit on Water and Sanitation establish/strengthen sector-specific Commission and the Small Islands on the margins of the 9th World climate services user interface Commission), as well as the Africa Water Forum in Senegal platforms (e.g. climate-agriculture, Adaptation Initiative (AAI) and the • Endorsed the Partners Coordination climate-disaster risk reduction, Adaptation to African Agriculture Platform on Water and Sanitation climate-forestry, climate-health, (AAA Initiative) Programme in Africa to support work climate-water, etc.) in order to ensure • Member States to include youth of the Commission and AMCOW generation of relevant, tailored, and in country delegations to Climate timely climate information services Conferences 12. Wild Fauna and Flora Conservation • Member States to provide the Endorsed the Monitoring and 7. Plastic Waste legislative framework for National Reporting Tool developed to track the • African First Ladies from Angola, Meteorological and Hydrological implementation of the AU Wildlife Strategy Botswana, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Services (NMHSs) and financial with Member States and Regional Ghana and Kenya congratulated for resources to support the delivery Economic Communities to provide data their acceptance to be Champions on of timely and accurate early warning, for the tool and AUC and partners to ‘Banning Single Use Plastics Towards weather and climate services mobilise resources for supporting the a Pollution Free Africa Campaign.’ implementation of the Strategy 4. Fourth Session of the African • AUC to broaden the scope of work Ministerial Conference on and focus on circular economy due 13. African Ministerial Summit on Meteorology (AMCOMET) to its environmental and economic Biodiversity . Adopted the Declaration which, benefits • Endorsed the Pan-African Action among others, notes with concern Agenda on Ecosystem Restoration 8. African Convention on the the findings of the World Economic as Africa’s response to addressing Conservation of Nature and Forum 2019 Global Risk Report the loss of biodiversity and the Natural resources which states that the top three continental implementation • AUC requested to collaborate with global risks facing the world are framework for the UN Decade on RECs and Member States to convene weather, climate and water related. Ecosystem Restoration 2020-2030 the First Conference of the Parties It further recognizes the central role • Adopted the African Ministerial (COP 1) of the Maputo Convention of observational data in enabling Declaration on Biodiversity and the generation of fit-for-purpose 9. Great Green Wall for the Sahara AUC and the Secretariats of the weather and climate products and and Sahel Initiative CBD, UNCCD, UNFCCC, GEF, GCF, services, and the need to improve • Member States urged to support UN agencies, development partners, the acquisition of data. Ministers Sustainable Land Management and the civil society and the private sector endorsed the Cairo Ministerial Restoration initiatives to support implementation of the Declaration on Meteorology • AUC and Partners requested to declaration allocate more resources to enhance 5. African Centre of Meteorological 14. African Union Sustainable Forest the implementation of projects under Applications for Development Management Framework this initiative. (ACMAD) as a technical arm of Adopted the Framework and endorsed the the AUC on Weather and Climate 10. Strategic Framework for creation of an Experts Group on Forestry . On the adoption of ACMAD as a Drought Risk Management and to support the implementation, monitoring technical arm of the AUC agreement Enhancing Resilience in Africa and reporting on the Sustainable Forest governing the relationship between Endorsed the Windhoek Declaration on Management Framework. the AUC and ACMAD defined to detail Enhancing Resilience to Drought and the and clarify the legal issues. Matter Strategic Framework for Drought Risk B: AGRICULTURE, RURAL referred to the Bureau of the 3rd STC Management and Enhancing Resilience DEVELOPMENT, LIVESTOCK AND for appropriate recommendations in Africa which aims to enable the FISHERIES continent to become drought resilient 6. Climate Change 15. Bio-fortification and prepared at the national level by • Member States urged to invest • Recommended that bio-fortification focusing on 6 elements: (i)Drought in innovative blended finance as a in Africa be included or linked to bio- policy and governance for Drought Risk vehicle for green development fertilisation. Management; (ii) Drought monitoring and • Countries to adopt measures that • Endorsed the draft Declaration for early warning; (iii) Drought vulnerability encourage the private sector to onward submission for endorsement and impact assessment;(iv) Drought pursue pro-climate investments at the AU Summit in 2020 mitigation, preparedness, and response; • AUC called upon to go beyond 106 AU ECHO 2019

16. Framework for Irrigation environmental conditions and to establishment and capacitation by the Development and Agricultural prevent the deterioration of plant bio- Executive Council and Assembly and Water Management (IDAWM) in diversity that the African Continent requested the AUC, ECA and AfDB to Africa is experiencing continue to provide technical, human, AUC and development partners to (i) financial and operational support to 18. Ecological Organic Agriculture support RECs and MS in the domestication, the interim ALPC pending its formal (EOA) Initiative in Africa integration and implementation of the establishment by the AU policy organs • MS to mainstream Ecological IDAWM framework; and (ii) to mobilize Organic Agriculture into their National 22. African Union Commitments on financial and technical resources to Agricultural Investment Plans (NAIPs) Women’s Land Tenure Security support AU-SAFGRAD to coordinate the and allocate adequate resources for • MS called upon to collect both sex- implementation of the Framework and its growth and development; disaggregated data and specific data report on progress accordingly • Endorsed the Bio-vision Africa Trust on women’s land tenure security to 17. Decade of Implementation of the (BvAT) as the host of the Secretariat of better understand variables affecting African Seed and Bio-technology the EOA-I and requested AUC, AUDA- women’s land tenure security and Programme (ASBP) NEPAD and partners to strengthen inform policies, laws, and strategies • MS and RECs to domesticate the and support its functioning for strengthening women’s land ASBP in their national and regional • MS and RECs to formulate and tenure security seed development initiatives implement EOA policies and • MS urged to harmonise legal • AUC and the AU Development legal frameworks targeting inputs framework in favour of women’s land Agency (AUDA)/NEPAD to (i) put in (fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, and property rights with a focus on place an institutional framework that herbicides, feeds, drugs and gender-responsive inheritance laws will facilitate the implementation of additives), certification, market • Land reform of any type must ensure the ASBP at national, regional and development, academic curricula, that women have equal opportunity continental levels including the full research and access to finance to exercise and enforce their rights operationalization of the Forum for • AUC to develop indicators to monitor • AUC to take lead in the development African Seed Testing; (ii) lead the progress in implementation of of a continental strategy and development of an action plan for the EOA and report regularly to guidelines on integrating gender in the implementation of the ASBP MS through the Biannual Review the land sector in Africa with clear targets and milestones Reporting Mechanism 23. Prevention and Addressing Land and development partners to support 19. Bobo-Dioulasso Declaration on Based Conflicts in Africa its implementation; (iii) review the Reducing the Drudgery of Rural • National governments to put in place ASBP Framework to encompass Women in Agriculture Within the mechanisms for inclusive growth for animal seed and wildlife seed. Framework of the Launch of the minimisation of inequalities through • MS to fast track the implementation Campaign On ‘Sending the Hand- fair resource distribution of the Assembly Decision (Doc. held Hoe to the Museum’ • RECs to adopt and utilise the Assembly/AU/7 (V)) Add.6 of June Adopted the Declaration Guidelines on Prevention and 2005 related to the establishment Addressing Land-based Conflicts of genetic resource banks for 20. Establishing the Common African in Africa to minimise interstate identification and preservation of Agro-Parks (CAAPs) tensions, trans-boundary conflicts indigenous plant genetic resources • Adopted the CAAPs as a programme and insurgencies that can be used for contributing to the implementation • Adopted the Monitoring and the production of the African Continental Free Trade Evaluation of Land Governance in of improved Area (AfCFTA). The CAAPs is meant Africa (MELA) as the Framework seeds that are to create a policy environment for to track and report progress on adaptable to local boosting regional trade in agricultural commitments related to land by commodities by increasing local member states. processing of key agricultural products and their respective value 24. Boosting Intra-African Trade (BIAT) chains in Agricultural Commodities • Adopted rice, maize, cassava • Adopted the Continental Framework and yam, livestock (cattle, sheep, for BIAT in Agricultural Commodities goat, pig, poultry) fisheries and and Services, and the associated horticulture as key strategic Guidelines for the development of agricultural commodities Regional Agricultural Value Chains for the implementation of (RAVCs) the CAAPs • AUC to continue collaboration with FAO, UNECA and other relevant 21. Institutionalisation of partners to support AU Member the African Land Policy States and RECs to develop and Centre (ALPC) implement their national and regional Adopted the transitional agricultural trade policies, strategies arrangements for the and programmes informed by the interim ALPC pending its formal Continental Framework AU ECHO 2019 107

• AUC to support efforts to mobilise (AHRI), Egypt for microbiological ii. National Fisheries Resources and strengthen pan-African contaminants in food and feed; Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Agribusiness Private Sector Apex ii. Food Research Institute (FRI) Ghana Uganda, Research in Aquaculture Bodies for implementation of the for microbiological contaminants in (Fish feeds, nutrition, genetics etc) Framework and Guidelines. food and feed; and Research Inland Capture Fishery; iii. Institut de Technologie Alimentaire with additional options in Climate 25. Continental Post-Harvest Loss (ITA), Sénégal for mycotoxins in food Change; Management Strategy and feed; iii. Rhodes University, South Africa for • MS called upon to adopt the AU Post- iv. Central Laboratory of Residue academic training in Marine Fisheries harvest Loss Management Strategy Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy and Aquaculture; additional options as a Continental framework to guide Metals in Food (QCAP-Lab), Egypt in biodiversity; Oceanography and the development of their national for pesticide and heavy metals in Ecosystems studies; Post-harvest Loss Management food; iv. , Nigeria, for Strategies v. Office nationale pour l’inspection academic Aquaculture and inland • Endorsed the institutionalisation of sanitaire des produits de la pêche fisheries; the All Africa Postharvest Congress et aquaculture de Mauritanie; and v. Faculty of Fisheries Resources, and Exhibition as an AU biennial vi. Laboratoire d’analyse des denrées University of Suez, Egypt, Academic continental platform for mutual alimentaire de Douala Aquaculture and Academic accountability, knowledge and Aquaculture, Marine Fishery experience sharing, and reporting 29. African Common Position (ACP) Sciences and Technology; Research on progress made on food loss on Antimicrobial Resistance Aquaculture; Fish Feeds, diseases, and waste reduction efforts on the (AMR) and the AU Framework on genetics (incorporating the Central continent Antimicrobial Resistance 2020 – Laboratory for Aquaculture Research • AUC to support Member States to 2025 (CLAR), Egypt)) include measures to reduce food • Endorsed the ACP and AU Framework vi. Académie Régionale des Sciences loss and waste in their Nationally and requested the AUC to fully et Techniques de la Mer (ARSTM), Determined Contributions (NDCs) constitute and fund the AU Task Force Cote D’Ivoire, for training in Marine to the Paris Agreement on Climate on AMR for monitoring, reviewing, Engineering, Seafaring and Safety, Change. These measures include coordinating, and developing policies Navigation, fishing gear and fish policies, programs, practices, and related to AMR with representation technologies; technologies that reduce food losses from all relevant sectors in a One vii. L'Agence Gabonaise d'Etudes et on the farm, during storage and Health approach d'Observation spatiale (AGEOS); and distribution, at market and in the • Requested the AUC to work with viii. Institut des Arts et métiers nautique home African Universities and research de limbe, Cameroon • AUC to identify Centres of Excellence institutions to promote innovation relating to post-harvest loss in defining and quantifying the 32. 10-Year Action Plan for Sustainable management source and extent of AMR and Small-Scale Fisheries Development development of new antimicrobials, in Africa 26. Animal Health Strategy for Africa vaccines, diagnostics and waste Endorsed the 10 year plan as a vehicle (AHSA) 2020-2035 management tools to secure the to support the operationalisation of the Strategy endorsed, and AU institutions, future of antimicrobials policy arena on small scale fisheries RECs, MS and partners requested development of the Policy Framework to pursue partnerships necessary for 30. The Blueprint for Africa’s Blue and Reform Strategy for Fisheries and effective, efficient and sustainable Economy Strategy Aquaculture in Africa implementation of this strategy and Endorsed the Blueprint and requested the mobilise resources required for the AUC to (i) support adequate awareness 33. African Fisheries Reform implementation of the strategy at all levels creation, capacity building and sharing Mechanism (AFRM) of best practices of the application of Endorsed the revised structure of the 27. International Scientific Council for the Blue Economy concept (ii) setting up AFRM and recommended that matters Trypanosomiasis Research and Blue Governance mechanisms to ensure of the Blue Economy should be handled Control (ISCTRC) planning and coordination at continental, by the Sectoral Committee on Fisheries Tsetse & Trypanosomiasis be tackled regional and national levels; (iii) mobilize and Aquaculture within the broader context of One resources for the implementation of the Health, Sustainable Rural development, 34. The African Union 10-Year strategy agriculture strategies and changing Aquaculture Action Plan for Africa climate conditions 31. African Union Centres of Excellence Endorsed the action plan which aims in Fisheries and Aquaculture to provide a harmonised and coherent 28. African Institutions for Designation The following institutions endorsed as continental approach for implementing the as African Union Reference African Union Centres of Excellence: Policy Framework and Reform Strategy for Laboratories and Collaborating i. Department of Fisheries and fisheries and aquaculture in Africa (PFRS) Centres for Food Safety Aquaculture, University of Cape and prioritises:- The following African institutions Coast (Ghana) for Academic training i. Establishing an enabling environment endorsed as AU Collaborating Centres in Marine Fishery and coastal zones for sustainable aquaculture for Food Safety: management; with additional options development, i. Animal Health Research Institute in policy and governance ii. Improved Service Delivery to the 108 AU ECHO 2019

Sector iii. Capacity Building, iv. Trans-boundary Ecosystem Management for Aquaculture; and v. Innovation (Research and Development). 35. Pan-African Platforms for Enhancing Entrepreneurship and Coordination in the Animal Resources Sector . Endorsed the establishment of the pan-African platforms and requested the AUC to mobilise resources for their operationalisation 36. AU Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Policy Framework Framework endorsed and MS and RECs requested to facilitate the domestication of the AU SPS Policy Framework; AUC to mobilise resources to support its implementation 37. Strategic Framework for Scaling Holistic Country-led Model for Aflatoxin Control in Africa Endorsed the strategic framework with the tools and models generated by AU Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) from its support to six (6) African countries; and CALLED for continued integration of aflatoxin control into the NAIPs/NAFSIPs and other national frameworks for sustainable implementation by all AU Member States. 38. Fall Armyworm (FAW) Adopted the report on the FAW which called for setting up of a national emergency fund to tackle this menace and urged for the establishment of National Emergency Fund for the control of emerging pests in Africa. 39. Coffee as a Strategic Commodity for Africa’s Economic Transformation AUC requested to identify strategic commodities for export and identify institutions that can promote these commodities The Ministers of African Union (AU) Member States, attended the 3rd on Migration, Refugees and Internally Dislaced Persons in Addis Ababa, ethiopia from 7 to 8 November

Agriculture looks 2019 different today - farmers are using GPS and you can monitor your irrigation systems over the Internet. AU ECHO 2019 109

THE 3RD STC ON MIGRATION, Humanitarian Agency to respond to the humanitarian challenges on the REFUGEES & INTERNALLY Continent and requested the AUC to expedite the validation of the feasibility study with full involvement DISPLACED PERSONS of member states and RECs; submit proposals for consideration by the summary of the key decisions that have signed and ratified the PRC Sub-Committees on Structural A is provided below Several protocol and encouraged the other Reforms and Budget Matters; outcomes were agreed to in Member States to do the same. develop the Statute for the Agency key areas including: • Requested the AUC to (i) identify 4. Plan of Action on Global the impediments and bottlenecks 1. Theme of the Year 2019: The Year Compact for Safe, Orderly and to ratification of the Protocol on Of Refugees, Returnees and Regular Migration Free Movement of Persons in Africa Internally Displaced Persons: AUC to circulate the draft plan of action to without financial cost with a view to Towards Durable Solutions to Member States present the consolidated expedite ratification in order for the Forced Displacement In Africa draft of the Plan to the extraordinary said protocol to enter into force; (ii) • Expressed satisfaction on the session of the STC in March/April 2020. to continue popularisation efforts of activities undertaken in the the protocol for increased signatures 5. Pan African Forum On Migration implementation of the theme of and ratification; (PAFOM) the year and thanked the Champion • Welcomed the proposal by AUC Adopted frequency of the meeting of the of the 2019 theme of the year, H.E. to appoint a Head of State as a PAFOM to be annually for senior officials Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Champion to promote the signature, and every two years for the Ministers. President of Equatorial Guinea for the ratification and implementation of Frequency will take effect in 2022 after steadfast leadership; and requested the protocol the 2020 forum in Senegal and 2021 forum the AUC to ensure that the theme of in Rwanda. the year focuses broadly on results- 3. Establishment of The oriented interventions Observatory and African Union 6. Situation of Migrants and • Expressed commitment towards Centres for Migration and the Refugees in Africa durable solutions to forced Operationalisation of The African • Commended Member States who displacement in Africa by dealing Humanitarian Agency have shown generosity to offer and with root causes of displacement • Welcomed the progress made by host refugees and asylum-seekers in and requested the AUC Department the AUC and the Government of the Africa.; and called on other Member of Political Affairs to work closely Republic of Mali on the establishment States to follow their example with the Department of Peace and and operationalisation of the African • Commend the work of the AU– Security towards implementing the Centre for the Study and Research EU–UN Tripartite Taskforce on the theme of 2020, “Silencing the Gun: on Migration Situation of Migrants and Refugees Creating Conducive Conditions for • Welcomed the progress made in Africa, and the leadership of the Socio-Economic Development” by the AUC and the Kingdom of AUC, as well as the support provided given that part of the root causes Morocco towards establishment of by partners including, United Nations are conflicts the African Migration Observatory High Commissioner for Refugees, • Implored all AU member states in Morocco, namely signing of the International Organizations for to sign, ratify domesticate and host agreement on 18 December Migration and the European Union implement the 1969 OAU Convention 2018 and provision of financial • Requested the AUC to expedite Governing the Specific Aspects resources for operationalisation of the process of developing the AU of Refugees problems in Africa the Observatory and to continue Reintegration Guidelines to provide and the 2009 AU Convention on working for the operationalisation Member States with principles the Protection and Assistance to of the Observatory in 2020 and approaches for sustainable Internally Displaced Persons in Africa • Commended the efforts of the reintegration of returning concerned (The Kampala Convention) AUC and the Government of Sudan nationals towards operationalisation of the 2. Protocol to The Treaty • Reiterated the decisions of the policy Continental Operational Centre in Establishing the African organs of the situation of migrants Khartoum and to continue working for Economic Community Relating in Libya and expressed appreciation the operationalisation of the Centre to Free Movement of Persons, to the State of Libya for its support in 2020 Right of Residence and Right of and efforts directed to address the • Reaffirmed the need for the speedy Establishment situation of migrants and refugees establishment of the African • Commended the 4 Member States in Libya 110 AU ECHO 2019

Migration policy for africa & plan of action Opportunities for Migration and Free Movement of Persons in Africa Young Children igration is one of the defining features of the within Migration 21st century and significantly contributes to Camps in M economic and social development everywhere. Somalia As such, governance of labour migration and the protection of migrant workers is key and where labour migration is well-governed, fair and effective, it can deliver benefits and opportunities for migrant workers, their families, country of origin and their host communities. AU ECHO 2019 111

8 Pillars of the Migration On 19 September 2016 Heads Convention); the African Union Policy for of State and Government came Border Programme and Measures Framework for together for the first time ever for its Consolidation; the Declaration Africa at the global level within the UN on Migration and the Joint Labour Migration General Assembly to discuss Migration Programme. 1. Governance issues related to migration and refugees. It was a powerful The MPFA identifies eight key pillars: 2. Labour Migration political message that migration Migration Governance; Labour and Education Migration and Education; Diaspora and refugee matters had become 3. Diaspora major issues squarely in the Engagement; Border Governance; Engageme international agenda. In adopting Irregular Migration; Forced 4. Border Governance the New York Declaration for Displacement; Internal Migration and Refugees and Migrants, the 193 Migration and Trade 5. Irregular Migration UN Member States recognized The MPFA takes into account AU 6. Forced the need for a comprehensive priorities and policies, Agenda 2063, Displacement approach to human mobility and the Sustainable Development Goals enhanced cooperation at the global 7. Internal Migration (SDGs) and international migration level. management policies and standards. 8. Migration and Trade Comprised of 23 objectives - all It provides Member States and RECs of which contain a commitment with comprehensive policy guidelines - the Global Compact on and principles to assist them in the Migration (GCM) outlines actions formulation and implementation considered to be relevant of their own national and regional Migration Policy Framework and policy instruments and best migration policies in accordance with carries forward the priority actions practices alongside measures for their priorities and resources. of the AU Employment Creation, implementation, follow-up and For labour migration and education the Poverty Eradication and Inclusive review. Commitments centre MPFA calls for the establishment of Development Declaration and Plan on the use of data to elaborate regular, transparent, comprehensive of Action (2018-2023). policies, minimizing the drivers and gender-responsive labour of mobility, providing accurate migration policies, legislation and Member States of the African information, ensuring proof of structures at national and regional Union were invited for a meeting legal identity and enhancing the levels. to validate the Implementation availability of legal pathways for Plan in Lusaka, Zambia on 18 June migration. The AUC’s Joint Labour Migration 2019 the outcome of which was Programme (JLMP) promotes the a clear roadmap on the follow up The GCM guiding principles facilitation of the free movement of and review mechanism of the GCM focus on the human dimension workers as a means of advancing in Africa and agreed priorities for of mobility and reaffirm States’ regional integration and development. resource mobilisation to effectively sovereign rights to determine Key activity areas of the JLMP build the capacity of AU Member their national migration policies include skills portability and mutual States and RECs to implement the and to govern migration within recognition of qualifications, as well GCM. their jurisdictions. States also can as labour market information systems distinguish between regular and which support market driven skills The GCM is only one of the irregular migration status. development and skills pooling initiatoves being undertaken by the AU towards towards building In Africa, the process towards across the Continent. The framework a stronger global architecture on forging a global compact takes full advocates for the integration of migration governance and the Union cognizance of the African Union migrants into the labour market and the will continue to pursue and promote strategic and policy frameworks education and training sector, as well its priorities and concerns at the for migration. These include the as the provision of social protection bilateral, regional and international 1991 Abuja Treaty establishing the and social security benefits for labour level through the processes African Economic Community; the migrants while working abroad, as well dedicated to implementation, Migration Policy Framework for as upon their return. follow up and review. Africa (MPFA); the Protocol on Free The African Union has developed a Movement of Persons, the Right plan of action on the Implementation of Residence and Establishment; Plan of the Global Compact for Safe, the African Union Convention on Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) Cross Border Cooperation (Niamey in Africa which aligns with the AU BE CAREFUL, THINK ABOUT THE EFFECT OF WHAT YOU SAY. YOUR WORDS SHOULD BE Silencing CONSTRUCTIVE, BRING PEOPLE the Guns: TOGETHER, NOT PULL THEM Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa's APART Development

Miriam #SilencingTheGuns Makeba

www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 113

Summary of the key activities on the au theme of the year 2019

he African Union’s (AU) Protection and Assistance of T Assembly of Heads of Internally Displaced Persons in State and Government Africa (Kampala Convention). adopted a Common In 2019 a number of activities African Position on were undertaken to highlight the Humanitarian Effectiveness (CAP) theme of the year and address in January 2016 and called for a the concerns of Africans forcibly ten year period of transformation displaced from their homes. to strengthen humanitarian action on the continent. The CAP Operationalisation of the African defines Africa’s new humanitarian Humanitarian Agency (AfHA). architecture, which includes the AfHA is part of the new humanitarian creation of the African Humanitarian architecture adopted by the AU Agency as a vehicle for Africa’s as enshrined in the Common humanitarian action. The new African Position on Humanitarian humanitarian architecture also Effectiveness. The overall objective emphasises addressing root causes of AfHA is to provide the general The Year of Refugees, and achieving durable solutions, policy direction for the African-led Returnees and as well as bolstering the capacity humanitarian system, strengthen of States and other stakeholders the disaster management bodies Internally Displaced to tackle the challenges of forced of member states, and create sub- displacement on the continent. regional hubs for training and funds Persons: Towards Given the urgency and need to mobilisation. address the growing crises of AfHA is a continental institutional durable solutions to refugees and other displaced mechanism that will leverage persons the AU Assembly of Heads regional and national arrangements forced displacement in of State and Government of the in addressing structural and African Union declared the year 2019 proximate causes of humanitarian Africa. as “the Year of Refugees, Returnees crises. It will also play a strategic and Internally Displaced Persons: role in exploring durable solutions Towards Durable Solutions to Forced to forced displacement in Africa. Displacement in Africa”. Additionally, The Agency will be funded primarily the year 2019 also marked the 50th through Africa’s own resources in Anniversary of the adoption of the the spirit of Pan-Africanism which 1969 OAU Convention Governing encourages African solutions to the Specific Aspects of Refugee African problems. Problems in Africa, and the 10th Anniversary of the adoption of A study was commissioned by the the 2009 AU Convention for the AUC to determine the structural, legal and financial implications of the AfHA and the draft report of the study was shared with Member States experts in 114 AU ECHO 2019

a workshop which took place on 15 April The mission took place days after the interaction. The statement was delivered 2019 in Johannesburg, South Africa to tragic and brutal air attacks against a to the Continental Consultative Meeting validate and provide inputs to the findings detention centre in Tajoura, Libya on 3 (CCM), which was held on 19 June 2019 and recommendations of the study before July 2019 which was hosting close to 600 in Addis Ababa, by a representative of submitting to the Policy Organs of the AU. refugees and migrants. By hosting the the group. ETM, the people and government of Niger Advocacy by the AU Champion for have reaffirmed Niger’s commendable High Level Dialogues, Meetings and the 2019 Theme, H.E. Teodoro Obiang solidarity towards refugees especially Interventions Nguema Mbasogo those who face severe protection risks The 8th High Level Dialogue (HLD) on the In addition to driving political commitment and vulnerabilities in Libya. AU Theme of the Year 2019, was held from at the highest levels of the continent and 4-6 December 2019 in Kampala, Uganda. internationally to address the issues of A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) The overall goal of the 2019 HLD was to refuges and IDPs in Africa, the the AU on the establishment of an ETM in Rwanda provide a platform for AU Member States Champion for the 2019 Theme H.E. Teodoro was signed on the 50th anniversary date and stakeholders to discuss challenges Obiang Nguema Mbasogo visited refugee of the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention. On and prospects in the implementation of camps across the continent including the September 10, 2019, the African Union, durable solutions to forced displacement Tsore camp in Assosa Ethiopia in June the Government of Rwanda and the in Africa, with particular focus on issues 2019. Where US$50,000 was donated UNHCR signed a MOU to set up a transit of refugees, IDPs and returnees and the as seed money for the construction of a mechanism for evacuating refugees and need for their protection and support. primary school for refugee children in the asylum seekers out of Libya. Under the Tsore camp. The AU Champion on also agreement, the Government of Rwanda The Dialogue was centered on the visited Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement will receive and provide protection to following 6 thematic areas: in Uganda in December 2019. The visit refugees and asylum-seekers, as well as 1. Forced Displacement in Africa: came in line with the integration of forcibly others identified as particularly vulnerable Dimensions, Causes and Policy displaced persons in national plans and and at-risk, who are currently being held in Directions. service provision detention centres in Libya. The first batch 2. Implementation of Durable Solutions of 66 refugees from Libya was transferred to Forced Displacement in Africa: Emergency Evacuation Transit to Rwanda on 26 September 2019. Challenges and Prospects. Mechanism (ETM) 3. Securing the Rights of Refugees, The AU-EU-UN Task Force on Libya Giving Refugees a voice in providing IDPs and returnees. undertook an experience sharing visit to solutions 4. Addressing the Needs for Justice by Niamey, Niger from the 10th to 13th July A Dialogue with women refugees and Displaced Persons. 2019. Representatives of the government returnees was held from 17-18 June 2019 5. Management of Returns Policy: of Rwanda, the African Union Commission in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The meeting Balancing Returnees and other and UNHCR participated in the visit. was organised to support the full and Durable Solutions. The mission’s main objective was to effective participation of refugees in 6. Burden Sharing and the Role of facilitate experience sharing between the AU theme of the year activities. The International Actors. the governments of Niger and Rwanda meeting created a safe and intimate regarding the operationalisation of the environment for participants to discuss The 8th High Level Dialogue was Emergency Evacuation Transit Mechanism their challenges and share their ideas on preceded by several events including (ETM) in Niger. how to overcome them. • The 7th Humanitarian Symposium, held in Nairobi, Kenya, 18-20 Participants drafted a statement which November 2019 under the theme, called for inclusion in peace processes; Gender Dimension of Forced full and quality education, including within Displacement in Africa: Towards national systems in host countries; an Durable Solutions. end to impunity for violence; lifting of • Continental Consultative Meeting barriers to work and entrepreneurship; (CCM) on Promoting the Ratification, psycho-social support for trauma; and the Domestication and Implementation convening of further Dialogues and the of the African Union Convention creation of a permanent platform for their for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, held from 2-3 December 2019 in Kampala, Uganda. The CCM underscores the strong and foundational role of law and policy frameworks in support of not only durable solutions but also towards the prevention of future conflict, humanitarian disasters and forced displacement. • The 2019 Continental Youth Consultation under the theme ‘Youth and Forced Displacement in Africa AU ECHO 2019 115

– Trends, Challenges and Prospects Africa focused on the Theme of the Year. operations. towards Durable Solutions' was PAP adopted recommendations and convened in Kampala, Uganda from resolutions outlining key areas of action by The African Union Humanitarian Law and 2-3 December 2019. The consultation members of PAP and other stakeholders Policy Training on African Humanitarian aimed to harness young people's in relation to the Theme of the Year. Architecture was held from 18-22 March insights, capacities and creativity to 2019, Livingstone, Zambia. The project is offer solutions to forced displacement Other meetings and interventions an initiative of the African Union and the through inter-generational and inter- held to address the Theme of the UNHCR and a key component of AU’s 10 regional exchanges. Year 2019: years Plan of Action aimed at popularizing The 3rd Ordinary Session of the and promoting the implementation of Briefings to the AU Peace and Security Specialised Technical Committee (STC) AU normative instruments to strengthen Council (PSC) on Migration, Refugees and Internally governance of humanitarian issues in The following briefings were provided to Displaced Persons (MR&IDPS-STC) Africa. The training was also in line with the PSC on the 2019 Theme of the Year: was held from 4-8 November 2019. strengthening the capacity of Member • The Role of women in conflict The STC focused on an important States prior to the celebration of the 50th and peace-building: contributions legal instrument that will contribute to and 10th anniversary of the 1969 OAU of women refugees, internally the Migration governance within and Convention and the Kampala Convention displaced persons and returnees, outside the continent, progress report respectively in 2019. 19 March 2019, Addis Ababa. The on the implementation of the Protocol PSC discussed how to ensure on Free Movement of Persons in Africa Roundtable on Addressing Root Causes effective implementation of existing and the African Passport and also the of Forced Displacement and Achieving AU instruments for protection of the establishment of the African Humanitarian Durable Solutions in Africa was held in rights of women and girls in situation Agency which will help to coordinate and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 9 February of conflict and forced displacement. manage humanitarian situations on the 2019. The roundtable aimed at galvanizing • The African Humanitarian Agency: continent as well as on the realization of support from a wide variety of AU partners Ameliorating the impact of Terrorism the Aspirations of the Agenda 2063 of to the theme of the year 2019 and to and Armed Conflict on Africa’s Social the African Union and its first 10 years serve as a forum for AU partners to Fabric, 9 April 2019, Addis Ababa. implementation plan. exchange views on root causes of forced Status update on progress regarding displacement and ways to achieve durable the operationalization of the African The Fifth Pan African Forum on Migration solutions. Five thematic panels discussed Humanitarian Agency shared with (PAFoM) was held under the theme: drivers of forced displacement; preventive the African Union PSC. ‘Strengthening Migration Data and diplomacy and mediation; social inclusion • PSC Open Session on Advancing Research for evidence-based policy and sustainable development with focus Refugee Protection in the Context of development and implementation towards on youth, children and women; climate Human Rights in Africa, 20 June 2019 effective migration governance in Africa’ change and natural disasters; and discussed the imperative to promote from 14-16 September 2019 in Cairo, responsibility sharing and partnerships. and protect human rights of displaced Egypt. The main objective of PAFOM 5 was High-Level Side Event on the Margins persons, especially refugees. to open dialogue on ways of developing of TICAD 7 on the theme “Towards • PSC Open Session on Natural and and strengthening the collection and Enhanced Partnership and Solidarity Other Disasters on the Continent: utilization of accurate and disaggregated to Support Forcibly Displaced Persons Beyond the Normative Framework, migration data and statistics for effective in Africa” was held from 28-30 August 6 August 2019. Discussed Natural migration governance in the continent. 2019 in Yokohama, Japan. The side event Disasters and their impact on Africa Dialogue Series (ADS 2019), highlighted the plight of refugees but displacement including, inter 21-23 May 2019 at theUnited Nations also underlined the importance of new alia, cyclones Idai and Kenneth Headquarters in New York, USA. The partnerships and approaches. which ravaged Southern Africa African Dialogue Series was held with with devastating impact on the overarching theme: “Towards durable The 20th Regional Coordination Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, solutions for forcibly displaced persons in Mechanism for Africa (RM-Africa) and the Madagascar, etc. Africa”. The objectives of the ADS were to 3rd joint meeting of Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa and the Africa AU Pan-African Parliament Activities provide an advocacy platform to discuss regional United Nations Sustainable Workshop involving Pan-African durable solutions to forced displacement Development Group were held on 23-24 Parliament’s Committees on Immigration of refugees and IDPs in Africa, and the March 2019 in Marrakech, Morocco.. The Matters and Justice and Human Rights need for their protection and support meetings addressed African solidarity; was held from 5-6 March 2019, in Midrand, African Regional Conference on efforts best practices and lessons learned in South Africa. The workshop created to “localise” International Humanitarian African countries hosting refugees; awareness among African MPs about Aid held on 17 July 2019 in Addis Ababa, IDPs and the Kampala Convention; the the 2019 theme and allowed them space Ethiopia. The conference brought together contribution of the youth in Africa and to contribute to the exploration of durable governments, donor agencies, African and the diaspora to peace and development; solutions to forced displacement in Africa. international aid groups have explored and collaborating for greater impact and A Special Session of the Fifth Pan African ways of increasing investment in local durable solutions for forcibly displaced parliament (PAP) Ordinary Session on humanitarian organizations and promoting persons in Africa. 13 May 2019, Johannesburg, South their leadership in major response Defining Africa's Future Through Digital Transformation

digital economy in the continent, such as the Smart Africa, which is an innovative commitment to accelerate sustainable socio- economic development on the continent, ushering Africa into a knowledge economy through affordable access to Broadband and usage of Information and Communications Technologies. The Smart Africa Manifesto was endorsed by all Heads of State and Government of the African Union at the 22nd Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union in Addis Ababa in January 2014. Home to the youngest population in the world, Africa is rapidly progressing The development by the AU of a in digital adoption. Over the last decade, mobile technology has helped comprehensive Digital Transformation Africa leapfrog into the digital era. Cooperation across borders, industries Strategy for Africa will guide a common, and sectors, and the development of effective digital policies, is essential coordinated response to reap the benefits of for the future of Africa’s digital transformation. According to the International the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Africa’s Telecommunication Union (ITU), over the past ten years, the continent has socio-economic development. recorded the highest growth globally in Internet access, moving from 2.1% in 2005 to 24.4% in 2018. The Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa will be developed collaboratively by African To achieve the development aspirations of Africa’s Agenda 2063, significant institutions through a multi-stakeholder advancements in information and communication technology are required approach, considering the broad and diverse hence the reason Digital Transformation is positioned among the top priorities range of previous activities, initiatives, and of Agenda 2063. mandates at the continental level and Digitally transformation will be key to the success of regional economic input from a wide range of stakeholders. integration initiatives such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) The strategy will be embedded in Africa’s through the facilitation and effective use of digital technology in promoting realities and will unleash the African spirit of linkages in key sectors such as education, agriculture, trade, manufacturing enterprise and creativity, to generate more and health. homegrown digital solutions and contents. Africa has the ambition to create a Single Digital market in the continent. The African Union Commission in African governments have committed to accelerate sustainable socio-economic collaboration with the European Union development on the continent by adopting the African Union Agenda 2063 launched The EU-AU Digital Economy and the AfCFTA, while substantial harmonisation work is taking place at the Task Force (DETF) on the margins of the level of the majority of Regional Economic Communities (RECs). In addition, High-Level Africa-Europe Forum: Taking initiatives are bringing new additional African-made solutions in boosting the cooperation to the digital age, organized AU ECHO 2019 117 by the Austrian EU Presidency, in Vienna, in December 2018. The High-Level Task Force brings together African and European political and business leaders to identify policies and measures that can underpin pan-African digital integration, African support investment in the African digital economy, and improve the environment for digital business. Internet The DTEF provides a platform of partnership for the private sector, donors, international organisations, financial institutions and civil society based on a shared Exchange understanding of how an already fast evolving African digital transformation can achieve cross-border integration, and bring benefits to all citizens and opening System up the possibility to leapfrog in development Africa is currently paying overseas carriers The Task Force led by the AU Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy, H.E. to exchange local/ continental traffic on Dr. Amani Abou-Zeid, and the European Commission Vice President Andrus Ansip, our behalf. This is both a costly as well as will provide recommendations based on the four priority areas of intervention, an inefficient way of handling inter-country namely: access to affordable broadband connectivity and digital infrastructure, exchange of Internet traffic. Digital skills, Digital entrepreneurship and eServices (i.e. (Fintech, eGovernment, eCommerce, eHealth). The African Internet Exchange System project aims to keep Africa’s internet traffic local As one of the tools to be deployed in achieving this ambition, the DETF will by providing capacity building & technical work on four complementary areas including: assistance to facilitate the establishment (i) To provide recommendations on policies and measures that can support of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), Regional pan-African digital integration. Specific attention will be paid to the Internet Exchange Points (RIXPs), Regional specific measures to overcome fragmentation of existing markets and Internet Carriers (RICs) in Africa and strengthen the development of a common enabling regulatory environment. national programmes and regional cooperation (ii) To identify ways to boost both public and private investment in the African for the development and interconnection of digital economy. broadband infrastructures. (iii) To provide recommendations on development assistance interventions. Particular attention will be paid to actions that benefit women and young The main objectives of the African Internet people. Exchange System project are to support the (iv) To identify structural reforms to support improvement of business establishment of Internet Exchange Points environment and investment climate in African digital economy but also (IXP) in Member States of the African Union; intra-African and EU-African digital trade. Specific attention will be paid to Regional Internet Hubs; and Regional Internet identify the necessary actions for establishing the digital economy regulatory Carriers and develop a certificate curriculum environment. on Internet Exchange technologies.

The Task Force has set four main goals: Benefits of the AXIS Project (i) Accelerating the achievement of universal access to affordable broadband. 1. Reduction of delay / latency on packets (ii) Guaranteeing essential skills for all, in education and Vocational Education between participating Internet Exchange and Training (VET), to enable citizens to thrive in the digital age. Point networks (iii) Improving the business environment and facilitating access to finance and 2. Transit costs savings business support services to boost digitally enabled entrepreneurship. 3. Increased number of new local online (iv) Accelerating the adoption of eServices and the further development of the applications digital economy for achieving the SDGs. 4. Increased quality of access Due attention is given to the challenges of job displacement, disinformation, IXPs have direct benefits such as reduced protection of both privacy and human rights. A more harmonised set of policies, latency, low cost and good bandwidth as rules and legislation at the regional and continental level lead to increased a result of avoiding the data route through investment, while workers and consumers’ rights are protected. eGovernment upstream internet prvdiers services are interoperable and accessible regardless of the country of origin, Lowering communications costs by facilitating digital entrepreneurs are able to set up businesses with ease at low administrative the establishment of the African Internet costs and data. Digital goods, services and physical products associated with Exchange System will reduce the cost of intra-African digital trade circulate freely across borders. financing trade and ultimately the price of the Digital economy is a key driver for inclusive growth, job creation and sustainable goods. Affordable and accessible bandwidth development and is providing innovative solutions to ongoing development will encourage regional trade, reduce poverty challenges by removing physical boundaries between people and thus enabling and generate wealth. access to vital services that improve people's quality of life, especially for It is therefore in the interests of all countries Women and youth. in Africa to find ways of optimising internet Therefore, there is a need for African Governments to collaborate and work traffic, to support intra-continental traffic flows with the industry to make the necessary investments for citizens to bridge the and create opportunities for private sector digital divide and to benefit from the digital economy, which is supported by investment in these areas. an enabling environment of digital skills, national innovation systems, as well as policies and regulations and other digital accelerators. For more information on AXIS different visit the AU website https://au.int/en/axis We must pay tribute to the Women of the Continent, to our mothers and sisters, Silencing who work tirelessly for the Guns: Creating Conducive peace, security Conditions for Africa's Development and harmony. #SilencingTheGuns They make peace, nurture and cultivate it in our homes, our schools, our religious centers, our markets and across our borders. Their perseverance and courage is worthy of admiration and a source of inspiration for all those who are labouring for a better world

H.E. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson of the African Union Commission

www.au.int AU ECHO 2019 119

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