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ADMINISTRACYJNO-PRAWNE the OPOLE STUDIES in ADMINISTRATION and LAW Kwartalnikl Quarterly Grudzieńl December 2020 OPOLSKIE STUDIA ADMINISTRACYJNO-PRAWNE THE OPOLE STUDIES IN ADMINISTRATION AND LAW Kwartalnikl Quarterly Grudzieńl December 2020 Zeszytl Issue 4 UNIWERSYTET OPOLSKIl UNIVERSITY OF OPOLE ISSN 1731-8297 https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/osap e-ISSN 6969-9696 SCIENTIFIC BOARD / RADA NAUKOWA Andrzej Bator (University of Wrocław / Poland) Silvestre Bello Rodríguez (Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria / Canary Islands) Maria del Carmen Lázaro Guillamón (Universitat “Jaume I” Castellón de la Plana / Spain) Daniel Cole (Indiana University Bloomington / USA) Elena Fasoli (University of Trento / Italy) Stanisław Hoc (University of Opole / Poland) Lothar Knopp (Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg / Germany) Wojciech Kowalski (University of Silesia in Katowice / Poland) Luc Lawrysen (Ghent University, President of the Constitutional Court / Belgium) Michaela Moravčíková (Trnava University in Trnava / Slovakia) Vasilica Negrut (Danubius University of Galati / Romania) Ioana Nicolae (Transilvania University of Brasov / Romania) Noriko Okubo (Osaka University / Japan) Tomasz Sokołowski (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań / Poland) Budislav Vukas (University of Rijeka / Croatia) Jerzy Zajadło (University of Gdańsk / Poland) José Luis Zamora Manzano (Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria / Canary Islands) REVIEWERS OF THE ARTICLES INCLUDED IN VOLUME 18, ISSUES 1–4 / RECENZENCI ARTYKUŁÓW WYDANYCH W TOMIE XVIII, Z. 1–4 Tomasz Bojar-Fijałkowski, Katažyna Bogdzevič, Przemysław Dąbrowski, Zbigniew Filipiak, Dorota Fleszer, Ondřej Frinta, Dita Frintová, Izabela Gawłowicz, Stefan Marek Grochalski, Anna Haładyj, Jakub Kępiński, Anna Muszyńska, Marcin Niemczyk, Salvatore Puliatti, Irena Rajchinovska Pandeva, Oana Șaramet, Piotr Stec, Dorota Sylwestrzak, Juraj Vačok, Agata Ziółkowska EDITOR-IN-CHIEF / REDAKTOR NACZELNY Włodzimierz Kaczorowski THEMATIC EDITORS / REDAKTORZY TEMATYCZNI Stefan Marek Grochalski – European law Ewa Kozerska – state and law studies Agnieszka Skóra; Anna Haładyj; Jerzy Jendrośka – public law Piotr Stec; Alicja Jagielska Burduk – private law MANGING EDITOR / REDAKTOR PROWADZĄCY Marta Woźniak SECRETARY / SEKRETARZ REDAKCJI Marta Woźniak Katarzyna Biczysko-Pudełko ADDRES OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD / ADRES REDAKCJI Instytut Nauk Prawnych Uniwersytet Opolski ul. Katowicka 87a, 45-060 Opole e-mail: [email protected] Declaration concerning the original version The Editorial Board declare that the original (referential) version of the Journal is available in the paper form. https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/osap/studia.php SPIS TREŚCI ARTYKUŁY Katarzyna CHAŁUBIŃSKA-JENTKIEWICZ, Odpowiedzialność w zakresie usług Cloud Computing . 9 Ewa Katarzyna CZECH, Ograniczenia publicznych praw podmiotowych do korzystania ze środowiska i wolności działalności gospodarczej – koncesje i zezwolenia . 23 Adriana KALICKA-MIKOŁAJCZYK, Status prawnomiędzynarodowy Sahary Zachodniej . 35 Józef KOREDCZUK, Policzenie darowizn na zachowek według orzecznictwa sądów apelacji krakowskiej i lwowskiej w okresie międzywojennym . 49 Radosław T. SKOWRON, Bliskie relacje w zakładzie pracy a molestowanie seksualne – uwagi na gruncie orzeczenia Sądu Najwyższego z 23 stycznia 2018, III PK 13/17 . 67 Jan SOBIECH, Przestępstwo tzw. uszkodzenia prenatalnego a zagadnienie niekaralności matki dziecka poczętego . 83 Jakub H. SZLACHETKO, Związek metropolitalny w województwie pomorskim. Analiza senackiego projektu ustawy . 95 Tomasz SOBECKI, Postępowanie w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności dyscyplinarnej więźniów w stanie Nowy Jork . 107 Zhang YADONG, Ewolucja międzynarodowego prawa zwyczajowego w zakresie dóbr kulturalnych w czasie konfliktu zbrojnego . 123 GLOSY Kateryna KRAKHMALOVA, „Wszystko, co w ich mocy”: glosa do wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w sprawie Tsezar i inni przeciwko Ukrainie . 139 KRONIKA Włodzimierz KACZOROWSKI, 400. rocznica śmierci Stanisława Żółkiewskiego, hetmana i kanclerza wielkiego koronnego, senatora Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów . 153 CONTENTS ARTICLES Katarzyna CHAŁUBIŃSKA-JENTKIEWICZ, Liability within the scope of Cloud Computing services . 9 Ewa Katarzyna CZECH, Restriction of public subjective rights to use the environment and freedom of economic activity – concessions and permits . 23 Adriana KALICKA-MIKOŁAJCZYK, The international legal status of Western Sahara . 35 Józef KOREDCZUK, Crediting donations towards the legitimate share according to the jurisdiction of the Krakow- and Lvov-based district courts in the Interwar period . 49 Radosław T. SKOWRON, Intimate relations in the workplace and sex harassment – remarks following the Supreme Court’s ruling of 23 January 2018, Number III PK 13/17 . 67 Jan SOBIECH, The crime of the so-called prenatal injury and the issue of unpunishability of the mother of a conceived child . 83 Jakub H. SZLACHETKO, The metropolitan union in Pomorskie Province. The Senate draft act analysis . 95 Tomasz SOBECKI, Proceedings relating to the disciplinary liability of prisoners in the State of New York . 107 Zhang YADONG, Evolution of the Customary International Law on Cultural Property Plundered in War . 123 GLOSSES Kateryna KRAKHMALOVA, “Everything in their power”: a gloss to the European Court of Human Rights’ judgement in the case of Tsezar and Others v. Ukraine . 139 CHRONICLE Włodzimierz KACZOROWSKI, The 400th anniversary of the death of Stanisław Żółkiewski, Hetman and Great Crown Chancellor, Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . 153 Articles Volume 18, Issue 4 December 2020 ISSN 1731-8297, e-ISSN 6969-9696 https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/osap ORIGINAL ARTICLE received 2020-11-07 accepted 2020-12-23 Liability within the scope of Cloud Computing services Odpowiedzialność w zakresie usług Cloud Computing KATARZYNA CHAŁUBIŃSKA-JENTKIEWICZ Chief of Department of Cybersecurity Law and New Technologies Law, Law Institute, War Studies University, Director of Academic Center for Cybersecurity Policy The law advisor ORCID: 0000-0003-0188-5704, [email protected] Citation: Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, Katarzyna. 2020. Liability within the scope of Cloud Computing services. Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 18(4): 09–22. DOI: 10.25167/ osap.3427 Abstract: The issue of acquiring large amounts of data and creating large sets of digital data, and then processing and analyzing them (Big Data) for the needs of generating artificial intelligence (AI) solutions is one of the key challenges to the development of economy and national security. Data have become a resource that will determine the power and geopoliti- cal and geoeconomic position of countries and regions in the 21st century.1 The layout of data storage and processing in distributed databases has changed in recent years. Since the appearance of hosting services in the range of ICT services, we are talking about a new type of ASP (Applications Service Providers) – provision of the ICT networks as part of an application). Cloud Computing is therefore one of the versions of the ASP services. The ASP guarantees the customer access to a dedicated application run- ning on a server. Cloud Computing, on the other hand, gives the opportunity to use the resources of a shared infrastructure for many users simultaneously (Murphy n.d.). The use of the CC model is more effective in many aspects. Cloud Computing offers the opportunity to use three basic services: data storage in the cloud (cloud storage), applications in the cloud (cloud applications) and computing in the cloud (compute cloud). Website hosting 1 This article has been prepared as a result of cooperation at the realization of the research project entitled “The Polish cybersecurity system - a model of legal solutions“ The Agreement MON No. GB/4/2018/208/2018/DA] granted by Ministry of National Defence. 10 Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz and electronic mail are still the most frequently chosen services in Cloud Computing. The article attempts to explain the responsibility for content stored in the Cloud Computing. Keywords: data protection, personal data, digital content, digital heritage, intellectual prop- erty, new technology Abstrakt: Kwestia pozyskiwania dużych ilości danych i tworzenia dużych zbiorów danych cyfrowych, a następnie ich przetwarzania i analizowania (Big Data) na potrzeby generowania rozwiązań sztucznej inteligencji (AI) jest jednym z kluczowych wyzwań dla rozwoju gospo- darczego, ale także dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Dane stały się zasobem, który będzie decydował o miejscu oraz pozycji geopolitycznej i geoekonomicznej państw XXI wieku. Zasady przechowywania i przetwarzania danych w ich rozproszonych bazach zmieniły się w ostatnich latach, a od czasu pojawienia się usług hostingowych w zakresie usług teleinformatycznych mówimy o nowym typie usług ASP (Applications Service Providers), które obejmują udostępnianie sieci teleinformatycznych w ramach aplikacji. Cloud Compu- ting stanowi jedną z wersji usług ASP, która gwarantuje klientowi dostęp do dedykowanej aplikacji działającej na serwerze. Cloud Computing z kolei daje możliwość korzystania z zasobów wspólnej infrastruktury wielu użytkownikom jednocześnie. Zastosowanie modelu CC staje się coraz bardziej efektywne pod wieloma względami. Cloud Computing umożliwia korzystanie z trzech podstawowych usług: przechowywania danych w chmurze, tworzenia aplikacji w chmurze oraz przetwarzania w chmurze (chmura obliczeniowa). Hosting stron internetowych i poczta elektroniczna to nadal najczęściej wybierane usługi w ramach Clo- ud Computing. W artykule
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