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Biennial Review 1977 & 1978

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Biennial Review 1977 & 1978 Bedford Institute of Oceanography Biennial Review 1977&1978 The cover shows the CSS Hudson in Scott Inlet, Baffin Island, on September 6, 1977. The cliffs in the back- ground are 300 or more metres high. In the fall of 1976, BIO scientists had observed an oil slick off the Inlet but because of ice conditions at the time they were unable to locate its source or to determine its extent. So in 1977 and again in 1978, Hudson returned to measure the background levels of petroleum residues in the eastern Arctic and also to investigate the geology of the Baffin Island shelf. Together the chemical and geological studies demonstrated that the slick at Scott Inlet is the result of natural seepage of petroleum from the walls and bottom of the submarine trough that cuts across the continental shelf in this area. These studies are discussed further on pages 19 and 20 and 172 to 174. Cover photograph by Roger Be/anger. Biennial Review 1977 and 1978 Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0067-480X Published by the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2 Printed by Centennial Print and Litho Ltd., Fredericton, NB Cover designed by Clarridge House, Halifax, NS Une version française est aussi disponible © 1979 Minister of Supply and Services ii iii A word about organization . The Bedford Institute of Oceanography is a Government of Canada research complex located on the shores of Bedford Basin in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The Institute conducts oceanographic studies and hydrographic surveys in a wide range of marine environments. Seven main groups affiliated with two departments are housed at BIO: • the Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory, Marine Ecology Laboratory, and Institute Facilities constitute Ocean and Aquatic Sciences, Atlantic of the Fisheries and Marine Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment; • the Marine Fish Division is part of the Resource Branch, Fisheries Management, Fisheries and Marine Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment; • the Seabird Research Unit is part of the Canadian Wildlife Service, Environmental Management Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment; • the Atlantic Geoscience Centre is part of the Geological Survey of Canada, Science and Technology, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources; and l the East Coast Office of the Resource Management and Conservation Branch is part of the Energy Policy Sector of the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. Despite the various affiliations of staff at BIO there is a common theme to the work, and a management committee composed of members from some of the different groups directs efforts and keeps communication lines open. iv Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms . Foreword . 1 A. Ocean and Aquatic Sciences, Atlantic .................. 5 A. 1 Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory .................... 7 Director’s Remarks ........................................... 9 Chemical Oceanography ...................................... 11 Coastal Oceanography ....................................... 23 Hydrography ................................................ 40 Metrology ................................................... 51 Ocean Circulation ............................................ 63 A. 2 Marine Ecology Laboratory ............................ 77 Director’s Remarks ........................................... 79 Biological Oceanography ...................................... 82 Environmental Quality ........................................ 93 Fisheries Oceanography ...................................... 105 A. 3 Institute Facilities . 123 Manager’s Remarks .......................................... 125 Institute Facilities Division Reports ............................. 127 B. Atlantic Geoscience Centre . 141 Director’s Remarks ......................................... ..143 Eastern Petroleum Geology ................................... 146 Environmental Marine Geology ................................ 153 Program Support ........................................... .. 164 Regional Reconnaissance ..................................... 169 C. Marine Fish Division . 179 D. Resource Management and Conservation Branch, East Coast Office . 191 E. Canadian Wildlife Service Seabird Research Unit . 197 F. Appendices . 207. Research, Survey, and/or Senior Support Staff .................. 209 Major Publications of 1977/78 ................................. 215 Major Cruises of 1977/78 ..................................... 231 Dr. W. L. Ford Retires ........................................ 243 BIO Building Expansion ....................................... 245 v Acknowledgements The efforts of the people who helped prepare this edition of the Biennial Review are gratefully acknowledged. In particular I thank Linda Cordsen for assistance with figure editing and proofreading, Roger Belanger for photography, Art Cosgrove and the drafting unit for preparation of drawings and charts, and Chris Behan for typing the manuscripts. M. P. Latremouille Editor vi Abbreviations and Acronyms AES - Atmospheric Environ- DREE - Department of Regional ment Service and Economic Expansion AGC - Atlantic Geoscience DSDP - Deep Sea Drilling Centre Project AIDJEX - Arctic Ice Dynamics EAMES - Eastern Arctic Marine Joint Experiment Environmental Studies AOL - Atlantic Oceanographic EDP - Electronic Data Laboratory Processing BIO - Bedford Institute of EG & G - Edgerton, Germeshau- Oceanography sen and Grier BlONAV - Bedford Institute of ITS - Electron Transport Oceanography Naviga- Systems tion (system) FAO - Food and Agriculture BIONESS - Bedford Institute of Organization of the Oceanography Net and United Nations Environment Sensing System FGGE - First GARP Global Experiment CAFSAC - Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific FM - Fisheries Management Advisory Committee FS - Forschungsschiff CANDU - Canadian Deuterium GARP - Global Atmospheric Uranium nuclear Research Program reactor GATE - GARP Atlantic CAN/OLE - Canadian On-Line Tropical Experiment Enquiry GDP - Gross Domestic CCGS - Canadian Coast Product Guard Ship GEOS-3 - Geodetic Earth- CCIW - Canada Centre for Orbiting Satellite Inland Waters (NASA) CCRS - Canada Centre for GOMADS - Graphical On-Line Remote Sensing Manipulation and CHS - Canadian Hydrographic Display System Service GSC - Geological Survey of CIDA - Canadian International Canada Development Agency HBE - Hudson Bay Experiment CODS - Canadian Ocean HIAC - High Accuracy (RADAR) Data System IAEA - International Atomic CRT - Cathode-Ray Tube Energy Agency - Canadian Scientific CSS IAPSO - International Association Ship of Physical Sciences of CTD - Conductivity-Tempera- the Oceans ture-Depth (profiler) ICES - International Council for DEMR - Department of Energy, the Exploration of the Mines and Resources Seas DFE - Department of ICNAF - International Commis- Fisheries and the sion for the Northwest Environment Atlantic Fisheries 1 IF - Institute Facilities OLABS - Offshore Labrador Biological Survey IMARPE - lnstituto del Mar del Peru PCBs - Polychlorinated Biphenyls IOC - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com- POLYMODE - A name derived from mission the names of the U.S.S.R. POLYGON ISPG - Institute of Sedimentary experiments and the and Petroleum Geology Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) JASIN - Joint Air-Sea Inter- action Experiment POM - Particulate Organic Matter LNG - Liquified Natural Gas PQ - Province of Quebec LORAN - Long-Range Aid to Navigation RALPH - A device whose name is neither an acronym nor LOREX - Lomonosov Ridge an abbreviation but in Experiment stead just a simple, friendly name! MARMAP - Marine Resources Monitoring Assessment RlOS - River Inputs to Ocean Prediction program Systems MEDS - Marine Environmental RMCB - Resource Management Data Service and Conservation Branch MEL - Marine Ecology Laboratory RODAC - Regional Ocean Dump ing Advisory Committee MPU - Microprocessor Unit RTE - Real Time Executive MPCTD - Multiparameter (operating system) CTD R/V - Research Vessel MV - Merchant Vessel Satnav - Satellite Navigation NASA - National Aeronautics SBS - Short Baseline System and Space Admin- istration SCOR - Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization SEASAT - Sea Satellite NB - New Brunswick SSIP - Scotian Shelf Ichthyo- plankton Program Nfld. - Newfoundland Syledis - SYsteme LEger de NOM - National Oceanic and mesure de DlStance Atmospheric Admin- istration UCLA - University of California at Los Angeles NRCC - National Research Council of Canada UNESCO - United Nations Educa- tional, Scientific and NS - Nova Scotia Cultural Organization NWT - Northwest Territories USS - United States Ship OAS - Ocean and Aquatic VACM - Vector Averaging Sciences Current Meter OBS - Ocean Bottom WHOI - Woods Hole Oceano- Seismometer graphic Institution OCTUPROBE - Oceanic Turbulence WMO - World Meteorological PROBE Organization (UN) 2 Foreword Once again I have the privilege of writing a foreword for the Biennial Review of the work of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. I do so as the head of the lead agency in the BIO family of agencies, and on behalf of the heads of the various members of these agencies who make\ up the BIO Management Committee. Three new members are represented in this Review: the Marine Fish Division, the Resource Management and Conservation Branch East Coast Office, and the Seabird Research Unit. Their presence has significantly and constructively broadened the spectrum of activities in BIO. Science
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