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Application of Digita Dissipation Factor Measu of High Voltage

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Application of Digita Dissipation Factor Measu of High Voltage Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Application of Digital Partial Discharge and Dissipation Factor Measurements for the Diagnosis of High Voltage Generator Insulation Filipe Manuel Paulos Mesquita VERSÃO FINAL Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Major Energia Orientador: Prof. Doutor Artur Manuel de Figueiredo Fernandes e Costa Co-orientador: Prof. Doutor Krystian Leonard Chrzan Julho de 2008 © Filipe Mesquita, 2008 ii Resumo Este trabalho baseia -se no estudo de dois procedimentos experimentais usados no diagnóstico do estado do isolamento dos geradores de alta tensão. As medições de Descargas Parciais e do Factor de Perdas são efectuadas, não só em geradores completos, mas também em barras do estator, ambos novos ou usados. Várias medições foram efectuadas em barras do estator novas, com o propósito de controlo de qualidade, bem como para investigação de mudanças levadas a cabo no processo de fabrico. Para além disso, a interpretação feita aos resultados obtidos é de grande interesse em termos tecnológi cos e no desenvolvimento de novos metodos de produção. A análise dos resultados foi baseada na teoria existente e, também, fazendo a comparação com outros casos apresentados. Sempre que possível, foi, também, mencionada a localização de falhas existentes nos isolamentos. Finalmente, depois de reunidos os resultados de mais de mil barras, foi tentado encontrar uma correlação, até agora pouco explorada nesta área científica, entre o Factor de Perdas e as Descargas Parciais. Este procedimento será uma ajuda e, também, um ponto de partida para futuros desenvolvimentos neste tema. iii iv Abstract This work is based on the study of two different measurements procedures for the diagnosis of insulation systems of high voltage generators. The Partial Discharge and the Dissipation Factor Measurements are carried out on complete generators and stator bars either they are new or already used. Several measurements were done in newly produced stator bars not only for the purpose of quality check but also for the investigation of changes in manufacturing processes. Thus, the interpretation of the results is of great interest in the technology and development of new methods. The analysis of the results was done based in the theory exis tent and also comparing with other presented cases. Whenever it was possible it was also mentioned the location of existing failures in the insulation system. Finally, after gathering more than a thousand tested bar results it was attempted to find a corre lation, that was not yet achieved in this scientific area, between the Dissipation Factor and Partial Discharges. This will be a help and starting point for further developments in this theme. v vi Acknowledgements Firstly, the writing of this dissertation was only possible with the h elp of my supervisor Prof. Doutor Artur Costa and I want to thank him for his guidance, expertise, belief and good humour, always needed while doing a work like this. A special thanks goes to the members of ALSTOM Power in Wroclaw, Poland, that kindly received me in such a different atmosphere making me feel like if I was in my home country. I must also express my gratitude for the help and time offered by the Managers of Bars Production Department during my internshi p, essential for the development of this work. Another person that I cannot forget, who was of great help in this dissertation, is Professor Krystian L. Chrzan, from Wroclaw University of Technology, always giving me his advices when I needed. I want to thanks all my friends, family and to Sara for the trust and support. I was absent for many months in Poland and many hours were spent while writing this dissertation and they were the ones who missed me the most. I could not have keep moving forward without them in my mind. Finally, I want to thank to Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) for the opportunity given to write the dissertation. vii viii Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ................................................................................... vii Table of Contents ..................................................................................... ix Figure Index .......................................................................................... xiii Table Index ........................................................................................... xvii Abbreviations ........................................................................................ xix Introduction .............................................................................................. 21 1.1 Initial Considerations ........................................................................ 21 1.2 General Context .............................................................................. 21 1.3 Objectives ..................................................................................... 23 1.4 Dissertation structure ........................................................................ 24 State of the art .......................................................................................... 25 2.1 Partial Discharge Measurements ........................................................... 25 2.2 Dissipation Factor Measurements .......................................................... 27 Theoretical Part ......................................................................................... 29 3.1 Generic Description of Partial Discharges ................................................ 29 3.2 Dissipation Factor and Power Factor ...................................................... 30 3.1 Dissipation Factor Tip-Up and Power Factor Tip-Up ................................... 34 3.3 Failure Mechanisms in Stator Windings ................................................... 35 3.4 Sources of PD in Rotating Machines ....................................................... 38 3.5 General Characterization of On-line versus Off-line Measurements ................. 43 3.6 Dissipation Factor Interpretation .......................................................... 45 ix 3.7 Partial Discharge Interpretation ........................................................... 46 3.8.1 q-U curve ................................................................................ 46 3.8.2 Hn(φ,q) Distribution .................................................................... 48 Experimental Procedures .............................................................................. 53 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 53 4.1.1 Introduction to the Workplace ....................................................... 54 4.1.2 Characterization of the Workplace ................................................. 54 4.1.3 Main Products ........................................................................... 56 4.1.4 Stator Production Processes .......................................................... 56 4.2 Stator Insulation Systems ................................................................... 58 4.3 Single Stator Bar Dissipation Factor Measurement ..................................... 60 4.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 60 4.3.2 Setup Configuration .................................................................... 60 4.4 Partial Discharge Measurement ............................................................ 65 4.4.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 65 4.4.1 Setup Configuration .................................................................... 66 Results and Interpretation ............................................................................ 69 5.1 DF measurement results .................................................................... 69 5.2 PD measurement results .................................................................... 72 5.2.1 Stator bar 1 .............................................................................. 72 5.2.2 Stator bar 2 .............................................................................. 75 5.2.3 Quality control of new technologic processes used in stator bar 3 ........... 77 5.2.4 Stator bar 3 .............................................................................. 78 5.2.5 Introduction to Stator bar 4, 5 and 6 ............................................... 82 5.2.6 Stator bar 4 .............................................................................. 82 5.2.7 Stator bar 5 .............................................................................. 84 5.2.8 Stator bar 6 .............................................................................. 85 5.3 Relationship between DF and PD measurements ....................................... 86 5.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 86 5.3.2 Data presentation ...................................................................... 87 x 5.3.3 Data analysis and comparison ........................................................ 89 5.3.4 Plots for the relation between Dissipation Factor (tgδ) at 0.2 U n and Partial Discharges (Q max ) ....................................................................................... 91 5.3.5 Relation between Dissipation
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