DOCSLIB.ORG

Der Mitteldeutsche Katalyse-Lehrverbund

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Der Mitteldeutsche Katalyse-Lehrverbund Course SS 2017 26.-30.06.2017 Roger Gläser UNIVERSITÄT LEIPZIG Institute of Chemical Technology Süddeutscher Lehrverbund Dr. Kral Ruhr-Lehrverbund Prof. Behr, Universität Dortmund Prof. Muhler, Bochum Südwestdeutscher Lehrverbund Prof. Claus, TU Darmstadt Prof. Maier, Saarbrücken Norddeutscher Lehrverbund Prof. Rößner, Universität Oldenburg Nordostdeutscher Lehrverbund Prof. Beller, LIKAT Rostock Mitteldeutscher Lehrverbund Prof. Gläser, Universität Leipzig Supported by Participants and Prize Winners 04.-08.07.2016 Course SS 2017 26.06.2017 Roger Gläser UNIVERSITÄT LEIPZIG Institute of Chemical Technology [email protected] Catalysis: - modern energy conversion - chemicals manufacture - environmental technology Catalysis in Industrial Processes: non catalytic processes (ca. 15%) homogeneous catalysis (17%) biocatalysis (3%) catalytic processes (ca. 85%) heterogeneous catalysis (80%) de Jong, K. P. (1998) Cat Tech, 2, 87. Catalysis in Industrial Processes: non catalytic processes (ca. 15%) • world catalyst sales: 15 billion US$/a (2004) • foreseen growth rate about 5%/a • catalayst usage generates margin more than 100 times of catalyst costs more 1500 billion US$/a catalytic processes (ca. 85%) • environmental impact of catalysis • without catalysis many products could not be obtained de Jong, K. P. (1998) Cat Tech, 2, 87. The Catalyst Group Resources (2008) Chemical Week April 28. Spring House. The way ahead… http://www.gecats.de/gecats_media/Urbanczyk/Ka talyse_Roadmap_2010_engl_final.pdf Roadmap for Catalysis Research in Germany, 3rd edn, March 2010 (GeCatS, ProcessNet; DECHEMA, GDCh, DBG, DGMK, VDI) Wilhelm Ostwald, Paul Sabatier, Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta, William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, Barry Sharpless, Gerhard Ertl Wilhelm Ostwald Fritz Haber Carl Bosch Gerhard Ertl Parmentier 1781: Starch decomposes into sugars in the presence of an acid Döbereiner 1823: The Döbereiner lighter Berzelius 1835: All these reactions have in common, that they need, along with the reactants, another substance which is not consumed. term „catalysis“ (gr.: „to dissolve, to abort“) Ostwald 1894: Katalyse ist die Beschleunigung eines langsam verlaufenden chemischen Vorgangs durch die Gegenwart eines fremden Stoffes „So wurde ich unwiderstehlich zu der Auffassung gedrängt, dass das Wesen der Katalyse nicht in der Hervorbringung einer Reaktion zu suchen ist, sondern in ihrer Beschleunigung … … Ich würde der Pflicht der Aufrichtigkeit ... zuwider handeln, wenn ich unterlassen würde, zu bemerken, dass mir selbst damals dieser Fortschritt keineswegs besonders imponierte …“ (Wilhelm Ostwald, Rede zur Nobelpreisverleihung 1909) aus: G. Ertl und T. Gloyna, Katalyse: Vom Stein der Weisen zu Wilhelm Ostwald, Z. Phys. Chem. 217 (2003) 1207–1219 openopen reaction reaction sequence sequence closedclose reaction reaction sequence sequence Step 1: R I´ Step 1 : R + C I Step 2: I´ P Step 2 : I P + C Overall: R P Overall: R P One product formed in step 2 is identical with a reactant in step 1. Stoichiometry Catalysis (open reaction sequence) (closed(close reaction reaction sequence) sequence) R R I´ P C I P Simplest example for a catalytic cycle. • A catalyst is a material that converts reactants into products, through a series of elementary steps, in which the catalyst participates while being regenerated to its original form at the end of each cycle during its lifetime. A catalyst changes the kinetics of the reaction, but does not change the thermodynamics. E. K. Rideal, H. S. Taylor, Catalysis in Theory and Practice, Macmillan, London , 1919. solid molecular catalysts catalysts bio- catalysts spectroscopy theory preparation solid molecular catalysts catalysts kinetics bio- catalysts genetics thermo- dynamics process and reactor engineering • Heterogeneous catalysis • Homogeneous catalysis • Biocatalysis • Phase-transfer catalysis • Electrocatalysis • Photocatalysis • turnover number (TON): overall number of catalytic cycles stability • turnover frequency (TOF): number of catalytic cycles per (turnover rate TOR) unit time activity 1 dn • reaction rate (r): r R mCat dt • site time yield STY: overall rate of catalytic reaction within the reactor Hydrocracking Reforming (3 bar, 15 bar, 30 bar) Methanol to gasoline FCC Ammonia synthesis Oxidation of ammonia (Ostwald-Processes) 1 Week 5 Years 1 min 1 h 1 Day 1 Month 1 Year 6 8 1e-210-2 1e-1 1e+01 1e+1 1e+2102 1e+3 1e+4104 1e+5 1e+610 1e+7 1e+810 Time / s ΔR H / Case Example (kJ mol-1) T / °C Catalyst 1. Exothermic fused Fe-catalyst N + 3 H 2 NH -105 400 – 500 equilibrium 2 2 3 with promoters 2. Endothermic CH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2 +225 750 – 850 Ni on porous equilibrium support 3. Direction of C H + 0.5 O C H O 270 – 290 Ag/α-Al O selectivity 2 4 2 2 4 2 3 • Heterogeneous catalysis SOHIO-Process • Homogeneous catalysis SHOP-Process • Biocatalysis Synthesis of α-Aspartame application: Ammoxidation of propene to acrylonitrile – – -1 H2C=CH CH3 + NH3 + 1.5 O2 H2C=CH CN + 3 H2O DRH = – 515 kJ mol process conditions: fluidized-bed reactor 400 – 500 °C, contact time 1 – 20 s worldwide production capacity: 5 106 t a-1 catalyst: bismuth molybdate (+ promoters) J. Weitkamp, R. Gläser, "Katalyse", in: "Winnacker-Küchler: Chemische Technik", R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Eds., Vol. 1, Chapter 5, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004), pp. 645-718. – – H2C=CH CH3 + NH3 + 1.5 O2 H2C=CH CN + 3 H2O productproduct outout productproduct inin steamsteam water water NHNH3 , 3 CH36 C3H6 air J. Weitkamp, R. Gläser, "Katalyse", in: "Winnacker-Küchler: Chemische Technik", R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Eds., Vol. 1, Chapter 5, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004), pp. 645-718. rate-determining step J. Weitkamp, R. Gläser, "Katalyse", in: "Winnacker-Küchler: Chemische Technik", R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Eds., Vol. 1, Chapter 5, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004), pp. 645-718. 1. Oligomerization of ethene homogeneous catalysis Ni-catalysts detergents) 2. Double bond isomerization of C4-C10 and > C20 heterogeneous catalysis MgO (x+y = 2 -8 and > 20) 3. Metathesis of Rx-CH=CH-Ry heterogeneous catalysis Re- or Mo-catalysts J. Weitkamp, R. Gläser, "Katalyse", in: "Winnacker-Küchler: Chemische Technik", R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Eds., Vol. 1, Chapter 5, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004), pp. 645-718. J. Weitkamp, R. Gläser, "Katalyse", in: "Winnacker-Küchler: Chemische Technik", R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Eds., Vol. 1, Chapter 5, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004), pp. 645-718. • worldwide production capacity: 1.000 t a-1 • market value: 850 Mio € a-1 J. Weitkamp, R. Gläser, "Katalyse", in: "Winnacker-Küchler: Chemische Technik", R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Eds., Vol. 1, Chapter 5, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004), pp. 645-718. Course SS 2017 26.-30.06.2017 Roger Gläser UNIVERSITÄT LEIPZIG Institute of Chemical Technology.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Download
    ..f.,5$1______ -~ survey -------) WHO WAS WHO IN KINETICS, REACTION ENGINEERING, AND CATALYSIS CAMI L. JACKSON AND JOSEPH H . HOLLES University of liyoming • Laramie, WY 82071 n the tradition of "Who was Who in Transport Phenom­ We have tried to include the names that are encountered ena" by Byron Bird in Chemical Engineering Education,CI J frequently in textbooks for both undergraduates and gradu­ Iwe have developed a similar set of microbiographies for ates (by noted authors such as Levenspiel, Hill, Fogler, and persons in the fields of kinetics, reaction engineering, and Froment and Bischoff). Again, we follow Bird's lead and do catalysis. As noted by Bird, an otherwise typical lecture not include these people simply for authoring books in these can be enlivened by presenting biographical information fields . We do, however, include-where appropriate- famous about the people whose names appear in famous equations, texts written by those scientists and engineers included for dimensionless groups, plots, approximations, and theories . other reasons. We have tried to focus on those persons who The wide variety of applications for this type of information contributed to the science of a field and not just contributed to has been demonstrated by using activity breaks to teach the a specific reaction or system (e.g., Haber and Bosch). While history of our professionl21 and as trading card rewards for contributions to specific reactions or systems are important, academic performance _l31 we elected not to include them in order to limit the scope of With the introduction and widespread acceptance ofWiki­ the project. Finally, we have tried to include interesting non­ pedia, basic biographical information on many of the early technical or non-professional information where possible to contributors to the profession of chemical engineering can be show the breadth of these individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • A Lateral Thinker
    CHEMISTRY MASTERCLASS OUTLOOK In physics, the big question is: how can the two great theories in physics — quantum physics and M GRAYSON the theory of gravitation — be unified? There are other questions: what is the content of our Universe? What are dark matter and dark energy? Only four per cent of the Universe is the matter that we are made of; what is the rest? In biology, there is: what is life? We know which elements are important for life, but will it ever be possible for humans to create artificial life? These are the big questions. Chemistry has nothing compared with this. Erwin Schrodinger posed the question ‘what is life?’ seventy years ago in his book of the same title. How close have we come to answering it? The question that Schrodinger was asking was very specific — in essence, do we expect that new laws will be necessary to describe biology? And he couldn’t give an answer, mainly because he was not able to explain the formation of structure in biology. Not only molecular structure, but larger structures as well – for example, how does a cell divide only in the middle? We can start to answer these questions using non-linear dynamics — and that is the field that interests me the most. What is the importance of structure to life? Self-organization is the basis for all kinds of structure formation. Closed systems that have no external inputs will eventually find a state of equilibrium that can be disordered or ordered. For example, salt ions precip- itating out of a solution can assemble into ordered crystals.
    [Show full text]
  • CHEMISTRY ONLINE BOOKS COLLECTION Wiley Is Committed to Extending the World’S Chemistry Knowledge Through Publishing Diverse and Extensive 3,300+ Resources
    CHEMISTRY ONLINE BOOKS COLLECTION Wiley is committed to extending the world’s chemistry knowledge through publishing diverse and extensive 3,300+ resources. We work with renowned authors, editors Titles and reviewers to deliver content in the way you need it. This collection comprises work that will enhance teaching and research, and provide students and researchers with a vast range of reliable, authoritative content- all available to access Including over 3,300 within your library’s digital resources. titles with no DRM restrictions, this collection offers a reliable and high- impact route to expand or enhance your digital INTERDISCIPLINARY: resources in Chemistry. Titles published each year span Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Catalysis, Chemical Safety, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Sustainability, Energy, Physical Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and many more areas. 97% of the world’s Nobel AUTHORITATIVE: Prize Laureates 97% of the world’s Nobel Prize Laureates in in Chemistry have Chemistry have published with Wiley, including published with seminal works from the 2016 Nobel Prize winning Wiley authors, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, Jean-Pierre Sauvage, and Bernard L. Feringa. EJ Corey, Gerhard Ertl, Robert Grubbs, George Olah, Martin Chalfie, and several other Nobel Laureates from all sections of chemistry add their names to Wiley’s distinguished list of authors. Wiley also publishes works from numerous recipients of other major prestigious awards in Chemistry, from leading societies such as the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, and GDCh. INCLUSIVE: Used by scholars and faculty for their own research, but also by lecturers and their students looking for citable, informative, and trustworthy content.
    [Show full text]
  • Outlook Chemistry Masterclass
    OUTLOOK CHEMISTRY MASTERCLASS 17 October 2013 / Vol 502 / Issue No. 7471 OUTLOOK hemistry was the subject of the 63rd Lindau Nobel CONTENTS CHEMISTRY MASTERCLASS Laureate Meeting this summer, and there was no doubting the human chemistry on the tiny German S50 DRUG DISCOVERY Cisland of Lindau. Participants were absorbed by the lectures Structure-led design and engaged in effervescent conversation in the atrium, with Receptor structures are leading the way to interactions catalysed by ancillary events. new drugs Many of the 34 Nobel laureates were making their second, S53 Q&A Produced with support from: Cycles of discovery third or umpteenth visit to the annual gathering, eager to be Gerhard Ertl Cover art: Sarah J. Coleman challenged by the young minds in attendance and inspired A lateral thinker by the beautiful emerald-green waters of Lake Constance S54 Q&A Editorial Dan Shechtman Herb Brody, Michelle that surround Lindau. This year there was a non-scientific The technology starter Grayson, Tony Scully, laureate in their number: José Ramos-Horta, joint recipient Rachel Jones of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize. Although peace prizewinners S56 Q&A Art & Design have attended the meeting before, this was the first time Robert Grubbs Wes Fernandes, for the former Prime Minister of East Timor. This was also The bond shifter Mohamed Ashour, S57 Q&A Amr Rahma, Alisdair the first visit for Brian Kobilka, one of the newest laureates. Richard R. Ernst Macdonald, Yara Abdel Kobilka gave the opening lecture on G-protein-coupled A man of many dimensions Rahman receptors (GPCRs), which are the target of around a third Production of all pharmaceuticals.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles – Part 1: Principle of Measurements and Instrument Evaluation
    Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1721–1742, 2016 www.atmos-meas-tech.net/9/1721/2016/ doi:10.5194/amt-9-1721-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation Jean-Baptiste Renard1, François Dulac2, Gwenaël Berthet1, Thibaut Lurton1, Damien Vignelles1, Fabrice Jégou1, Thierry Tonnelier3, Matthieu Jeannot1,4, Benoit Couté1, Rony Akiki3, Nicolas Verdier5, Marc Mallet6, François Gensdarmes7, Patrick Charpentier8, Samuel Mesmin8, Vincent Duverger1, Jean-Charles Dupont9, Thierry Elias10, Vincent Crenn2, Jean Sciare2, Paul Zieger11, Matthew Salter11, Tjarda Roberts1, Jérôme Giacomoni4, Matthieu Gobbi4, Eric Hamonou2, Haraldur Olafsson12, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova12,13, Claude Camy-Peyret14, Christophe Mazel15, Thierry Décamps15, Martin Piringer16, Jérémy Surcin1, and Daniel Daugeron17 1LPC2E-CNRS, Université d’Orléans, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans, France 2LSCE-CEA, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA Saclay 701, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 3Environnement-SA, 111 Boulevard Robespierre, BP 4513, 78304, Poissy, France 4Groupe Aerophile, 106 Avenue Felix Faure, 75015 Paris, France 5Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), DCT/BL/NB, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France 6Laboratoire d’Aérologie, Université Paul Sabatier, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France 7Institut de Radioprotection et de
    [Show full text]
  • Dinner with Nobel Laureates
    MAX PLANCK COMMUNITY Dinner with Nobel Laureates At Lake Constance, young scientists exchange views with the best researchers in their disciplines The Meeting in Lindau is a forum for tive generation, conversion and storage mist Gerhard Ertl, Emeritus Scientific discussions on research issues for the of energy and “green chemistry,” which Member of the Fritz Haber Institute, future and provides scope for personal is intended to be as environmentally- was there. Max Planck Director Wolf- encounters. The Nobel Laureates even friendly as possible. A large number of gang Lubitz from the MPI for Chemi- talk about setbacks in their careers. doctoral students and postdocs from the cal Energy Conversion, who is a Mem- They are the colleagues who have re- Max Planck institutes attended. Eleven ber of the Board of Trustees and thus ceived the highest accolade that can be of them were invited to the Meeting by plays a leading role in the organization bestowed upon a scientist: 34 Nobel the MPG, many others via foundations, of the entire Meeting, was also at the Laureates came to Lindau this time in for example. Hotel Helvetia for the dinner with the order to pass on their experience to 600 The focus of the conference is on junior scientists, which lasted for seve- junior scientists from almost 80 coun- personal encounters. For this purpose, ral hours. tries. The 63rd Meeting lasted one week the MPG traditionally organizes an On the other days of the Meeting, and was dedicated completely to chemi- academic dinner with Nobel Laureates participants were afforded further op- stry.
    [Show full text]
  • August 6Th, 2009 SCIENTISTS for a NUCLEAR WEAPONS-FREE WORLD Scientists and Engineers Bear a Heavy Burden of Responsibility to S
    Schützenstr. 6a 10117 Berlin, Germany Phone: +49 (0) 30-20 65 38 31 Fax: +49 (0) 30- 21234057 [email protected] www.inesglobal.com August 6th, 2009 SCIENTISTS FOR A NUCLEAR WEAPONS-FREE WORLD Scientists and engineers bear a heavy burden of responsibility to society for the creation of nuclear weapons. The immense destructive power of these weapons was demonstrated on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and in over 2,000 atmospheric and underground nuclear tests on the lands of indigenous peoples. Thermonuclear weapons are capable of destroying cities, countries and civilization. They could end intelligent life on Earth. Humanity has been warned again and again of the perils of nuclear weapons and nuclear war. We recall the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, issued on July 9, 1955. The Manifesto warned, “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?” Human fallibility and nuclear weapons are a dangerous and unacceptable mix. We rely upon human theories concerning nuclear weapons, such as the theory of nuclear deterrence, at our peril. Since Nagasaki, humankind has been spared nuclear war far more by good fortune than by sound planning. This good fortune will not be possible to maintain indefinitely – particularly, as is foreseeable, if nuclear weapons continue to proliferate and fall into the hands of non-state extremist groups. Nuclear weapons were created by humans, and it is our responsibility to eliminate them before they eliminate us and much of the life on our planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureates
    Nobel Laureates Over the centuries, the Academy has had a number of Nobel Prize winners amongst its members, many of whom were appointed Academicians before they received this prestigious international award. Pieter Zeeman (Physics, 1902) Lord Ernest Rutherford of Nelson (Chemistry, 1908) Guglielmo Marconi (Physics, 1909) Alexis Carrel (Physiology, 1912) Max von Laue (Physics, 1914) Max Planck (Physics, 1918) Niels Bohr (Physics, 1922) Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (Physics, 1930) Werner Heisenberg (Physics, 1932) Charles Scott Sherrington (Physiology or Medicine, 1932) Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrödinger (Physics, 1933) Thomas Hunt Morgan (Physiology or Medicine, 1933) Sir James Chadwick (Physics, 1935) Peter J.W. Debye (Chemistry, 1936) Victor Francis Hess (Physics, 1936) Corneille Jean François Heymans (Physiology or Medicine, 1938) Leopold Ruzicka (Chemistry, 1939) Edward Adelbert Doisy (Physiology or Medicine, 1943) George Charles de Hevesy (Chemistry, 1943) Otto Hahn (Chemistry, 1944) Sir Alexander Fleming (Physiology, 1945) Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (Chemistry, 1945) Sir Edward Victor Appleton (Physics, 1947) Bernardo Alberto Houssay (Physiology or Medicine, 1947) Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (Chemistry, 1948) - 1 - Walter Rudolf Hess (Physiology or Medicine, 1949) Hideki Yukawa (Physics, 1949) Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (Chemistry, 1956) Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee (Physics, 1957) Joshua Lederberg (Physiology, 1958) Severo Ochoa (Physiology or Medicine, 1959) Rudolf Mössbauer (Physics, 1961) Max F. Perutz (Chemistry, 1962)
    [Show full text]
  • THE WORLD's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014
    ONY GENTILE T S/ R REUTE THE WORLD’S MOST INFLUENTIAL SCIENTIFIC MINDS 2014 “ Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought.” — Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (1893 – 1986) Physiologist and Nobel Prize recipient Cover Image: The sun is viewed through a telescope at the Vatican Observatory in Castelgandolfo, south of Rome, June 23, 2005. In the sleepy lakeside village of Castelgandolfo, away from the noise and haste of Rome, the Vatican is helping to train tomorrow’s astronomers, regardless of their religious beliefs. For the past 20 years, the Vatican Observatory, one of the world’s oldest astronomical institutes, has selected young, promising scholars for courses at the papal summer palace. INtrodUCTION Who are some of the best and brightest scientific minds of our time? Thomson Reuters answers this question, as it has The second section of researchers lists some in the past, by analyzing data using its Web of 3,200 individuals who published the greatest Science and InCites platforms to determine which number of highly cited papers in one of 21 broad researchers have produced work that is most fields, 2002-2012. Highly cited papers rank in frequently acknowledged by peers. the top 1% by citations for their field and year of publication. Both hot papers and highly cited These highly cited researchers were determined papers are featured in the Essential Science by analyzing at citation data over the last 11 years Indicators database of Thomson Reuters. to identify those who published the highest- impact work (2002—2012 and 2012—2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureates Published In
    Nobel Laureates Published in Science has published the research of over 400 Laureates since the award’s inception in 1901! Award categories include Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine. Listed here are prize-winning authors from 1990 to the present, with the number of articles each Laureate published in Science. MEDICINE Articles CHEMISTRY Articles PHYSICS Articles 2015 2016 2014 William C. Campbell . 2 Ben Feringa —Netherlands........................5 Shuji Namakura—Japan .......................... 1 J. Fraser Stoddart—UK . 7 2014 2012 John O’Keefe—US...................................3 2015 Serge Haroche—France . 1 May-Britt Moser—Norway .......................11 Tomas Lindahl—US .................................4 David J. Wineland—US ............................12 Edvard I. Moser—Norway ........................11 Paul Modrich—US...................................4 Aziz Sancar—US.....................................7 2011 2013 Saul Perlmutter—US ............................... 1 2014 James E. Rothman—US ......................... 10 Brian P. Schmidt—US/Australia ................. 1 Eric Betzig—US ......................................9 Randy Schekman—US.............................5 Stefan W. Hell—Germany..........................6 2010 Thomas C. Südhof—Germany ..................13 William E. Moerner—US ...........................5 Andre Geim—Russia/UK..........................6 2012 Konstantin Novoselov—Russia/UK ............5 2013 Sir John B. Gurdon—UK . 1 Martin Karplas—Austria...........................4 2007 Shinya Yamanaka—Japan.........................3
    [Show full text]
  • Organometallic Chemistry and Applications
    Chemistry 462 Fall 2017 MYD Organometallic Chemistry and Applications Note: Organometallic Compounds and Complexes Contain a M-C Bond. Organometallic chemistry timeline 1760 Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt investigates inks based on cobalt salts and isolates Cacodyl from cobalt mineral containing arsenic 1827 William Christopher Zeise produces Zeise's salt; the first platinum / olefin complex 1848 Edward Frankland discovers diethylzinc 1863 Charles Friedel and James Crafts prepare organochlorosilanes 1890 Ludwig Mond discovers nickel carbonyl 1899 Introduction of Grignard reaction 1899 John Ulric Nef discovers alkylation using sodium acetylides. 1900 Paul Sabatier works on hydrogenation of organic compounds with metal catalysts. Hydrogenation of fats kicks off advances in food industry; see margarine! 1909 Paul Ehrlich introduces Salvarsan for the treatment of syphilis, an early arsenic based organometallic compound 1912 Nobel Prize Victor Grignard and Paul Sabatier 1930 Henry Gilman works on lithium cuprates, see Gilman reagent 1951 Walter Hieber was awarded the Alfred Stock prize for his work with metal carbonyl chemistry—(but not the Nobel Prize). 1951 Ferrocene is discovered 1963 Nobel prize for Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta on Ziegler-Natta catalyst: Polymerization of olefins 1965 Discovery of cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl 1968 Heck reaction 1973 Nobel prize Geoffrey Wilkinson and Ernst Otto Fischer on sandwich compounds 1981 Nobel prize Roald Hoffmann and Kenichi Fukui for expression of the Woodward-Hoffman Rules 2001 Nobel prize W. S. Knowles, R. Noyori and Karl Barry Sharpless for asymmetric hydrogenation 2005 Nobel prize Yves Chauvin, Robert Grubbs, and Richard Schrock on metal-catalyzed alkene metathesis 2010 Nobel prize Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki for palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions The following slides are meant merely as examples of the catalytic processes we will explore later this semester.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Student Seminar Schedule Fall 2015
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Student Seminar Schedule Fall 2015 October 9 Jake Lenkiewicz – Henry Taube, 1983, "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes" Chris Budnicki - Richard Heck 2010, “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" Brian Lupold – Mario Molina, 1995, "for work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" October 16 Alex Plowman – George Olah, 1994, "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" Holly Sofka – Osamu Shimomura, 2008, "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" October 23 Bristol Sauer – Dan Shechtman, 2011, “for the discovery of quasicrystals" Tyler Butkus – Gerhard Ertl, 2007, "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" October 30 Eleni Kotretsos – John Fenn, 2002, "for development of soft desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" Ricky Castro – Jaroslav Heyrovsky, 1959, "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" November 6 Gabi Yankelevich – Ada Yonath, 2009, "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" Kathryn Laraia – Peter Agre, 2003, "for the discovery of water channels" November 13 Chad Cronce – John Pople, 1998, "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" Sam Brooks – Geoffrey Wilkinson, 1973, "for pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich
    [Show full text]