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THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CHILE 1810-1823 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY BUTLER ALFONSO JONES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ATLANTA, GEORGIA JUNE 1938 / ' ' I // / ii PREFACE The most casual study of the relations between the United States and the Latin American republics will indicate that the great republic in the north has made little effort to either understand the difficulties that have sorely tried her younger and less powerful neighbors or to study their racial characteristics and customs with the friendly appreciation necessary to good relations between states. Nor is it sufficient in a democracy where public opinion plays an important part in foreign affairs to confine know¬ ledge of foreign policies and peoples to the select few who make up the go¬ vernment. Such understanding should be widespread among the peoples them¬ selves, so that public opinion, based upon an intelligent comprehension of the facts, can aot as a lever towards more friendly cobperation, rather than as a spur to jealous and rival aspirations. To bring about this better re¬ lationship, v/hich can be accomplished only by a better mutual understanding, every avenue of approach should be utilized. It is the purpose of this paper to utilize one of the avenues of approach by presenting, in an objective man¬ ner, the story of the early relations of the United States with what, in some respects, is the most powerful of the Latin American nations and, in all respects, is the most stabilized of our South American neighbors. -
2015 National History Bowl High School Championships Round 7 First Quarter
2015 National History Bowl High School Championships Round 7 First Quarter 1. The first of these organizations was likely formed to circumvent the Smith-Connally Act. James Carey sometimes gives his name to "hybrid" types of these organizations. The 2010 SpeechNow decision allowed one type of these organizations to accept unlimited donations for "independent expenditures;" that type is the "Super" one. For 10 points, what organizations use members' contributions to campaign for or against a particular candidate or ballot measure? ANSWER: PACs [or political action committees] <DW> {I} 2. The Poinsettia flower is named for the first holder of this position, Joel Roberts Poinsett. While serving in this position, Dwight Morrow used the tactic of "ham-and-eggs diplomacy." Henry Lane Wilson was recalled from this position for assisting a coup known as the "Ten Tragic Days," which brought Victoriano Huerta to power. For 10 points, name this American diplomatic office whose holder resides in Mexico City. ANSWER: United States Ambassador to Mexico [or Minister to Mexico; or Envoy to Mexico] <JB> {I} 3. One type of this object contained two distinct features called the porpax and antilabe, which made it easier to carry. Greek hoplites used a form of this object called the aspis, which contained a double grip system. Roman legions used a large type of this object called a scuta. The testudo formation made use of these objects. Along with spears, this object was used in a phalanx formation. For 10 points, name this defensive item used to block enemy attacks. ANSWER: shields [or aspis before mention; or scuta before mention] <JL> {I} 4. -
Chile -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Chile -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia https://www.britannica.com/print/article/111326 Chile History Precolonial period At the time of the Spanish conquest of Chile in the mid-16th century, at least 500,000 Indians inhabited the region. Nearly all of the scattered tribes were related in race and language, but they lacked any central governmental organization. The groups in northern Chile lived by fishing and by farming in the oases. In the 15th century they fell under the influence of expanding civilizations from Peru, first the Chincha and then the Quechua, who formed part of the extensive Inca empire. Those invaders also tried unsuccessfully to conquer central and southern Chile. The Araucanian Indian groups were dispersed throughout southern Chile. These mobile peoples lived in family clusters and small villages. A few engaged in subsistence agriculture, but most thrived from hunting, gathering, fishing, trading, and warring. The Araucanians resisted the Spanish as they had the Incas, but fighting and disease reduced their numbers by two-thirds during the first century after the Europeans arrived. The Spanish conquest of Chile began in 1536–37, when forces under Diego de Almagro, associate and subsequent rival of Francisco Pizarro, invaded the region as far south as the Maule River in search of an “Otro Peru” (“Another Peru”). Finding neither a high civilization nor gold, the Spaniards decided to return immediately to Peru. The discouraging reports brought back by Almagro’s men forestalled further attempts at conquest until 1540–41, when Pizarro, after the death of Almagro, granted Pedro de Valdivia license to conquer and colonize the area. -
The Poinsettia: History and Transformation
HISTORY The Poinsettia: History and Transformation Judith M. Taylor, Roberto G. Lopez, Christopher J. Currey and Jules Janick Figure 2. The poinsettia is a common The beautiful poinsettia, known for its scarlet bracts, comes to us encrusted with myth and landscape plant in the tropics (Huang, legend as befi ts a royal plant of the Aztecs. The Nahua people in Mexico called it cuetlaxochitl; 2007). xochitl is ancient Nahua for an ornamental fl ower. This plant did not fl ourish in their high altitude capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), but every winter the rulers imported thousands of the plants from warmer regions. Extracts of the plant were used to dye cloth and its milky sap, or latex, was used for medicinal purposes. The Spanish conquerors and missionaries attempted to erase all evidence of the preceding pagan Aztec religion but records have survived showing that the plants were used for religious ceremonies in the winter (Anderson and Tischer, 1997). Once the Spanish friars took over they adopted the brilliant red plant as part of the Christmas ritual. The Spanish-speaking Mexicans named it fl ore de nochebuena, the fl ower of the Holy Night (Christmas Eve), and the French later named it etoile d’amour (star of love). The vivid red bracts of poinsettia that emerge in mid-winter have signifi ed the festive mood at Christmas and the joy of the season for many for over 150 years in the United States and Europe. The purpose of this article is to establish the actual story of its arrival in the United States and Europe attempting to clear away all the accumulated misinformation and cobwebs, and to review its extraordinary development as an important horticultural crop. -
Comparing Thomas Paine and Camilo Henríquez As Revolutionary Writers
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Student Scholarship History & Classics 12-14-2019 Authors of Independence: Comparing Thomas Paine and Camilo Henríquez as Revolutionary Writers Sean Gray Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_papers_proj Part of the Latin American History Commons Gray, Sean, "Authors of Independence: Comparing Thomas Paine and Camilo Henríquez as Revolutionary Writers" (2019). History & Classics Student Scholarship. 10. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_papers_proj/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sean Gray Dr. Smith HIS 481 12/14/2019 Final Research Paper Authors of Independence: Comparing Thomas Paine and Camilo Henríquez as Revolutionary Writers “IT IS now in our power, the great, the precious instrument of universal enlightenment, the Press! The healthy principles, the knowledge of our eternal rights, the solid and useful truths will now spread among all classes of the state.”1 With this powerful declaration in February of 1812, Friar Camilo Henríquez asserted that the printing press would bring Chile, the most neglected colony of the Spanish empire, into a new age. Henríquez released the inaugural issue of La Aurora De Chile, the colony’s first newspaper, in hopes of educating his people about liberty and independence. With this paper, he wrote, “The voice of reason and truth will be heard among us after the sad and insufferable silence of three centuries.”2 Both the spread of the Enlightenment’s ideals and Napoleon’s capture of Spanish king Ferdinand VII led to unrest throughout the Spanish empire by the early 1800s. -
Traducciones Para Y Por Los Españoles Americanos: El Papel De
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations College of Liberal Arts 6-2018 Traducciones para y por los españoles americanos: el papel de los traductores en la independencia de Hispanoamericana / Translation for and by Spanish Americans: Translators’ role during Spanish America’s struggle for independence Gabriel Gonzalez Nunez The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/wls_fac Part of the Language Interpretation and Translation Commons, and the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Núñez, Gabriel González. “Traducciones para y por los españoles americanos.” Humanidades: revista de la Universidad de Montevideo, no. 3, 3, June 2018, pp. 69–100. revistas.um.edu.uy, doi:10.25185/3.3. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. GABRIEL GONZÁLEZ NÚÑEZ - TRADUCCIONES PARA Y POR LOS ESPAÑOLES AMERICANOS: EL PAPEL DE LOS TRADUCTORES EN LA INDEPENDENCIA DE HISPANOAMERICANA doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.25185/3.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................. -
Presentación De Powerpoint
HISTORIA, GEOGRAFÍA Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES Unidad 2 SEXTO BÁSICO • OA 1: Explicar los múltiples antecedentes de la independencia de las colonias americanas y reconocer que la independencia de Chile se enmarca en un proceso continental. ¿Qué haremos • OA 2: Explicar el desarrollo del proceso de en esta independencia de Chile, considerando actores y bandos que se enfrentaron, unidad? hombres y mujeres destacados, avances y retrocesos de la causa patriota y algunos acontecimientos significativos, como la celebración del cabildo abierto de 1810 y la formación de la Primera Junta Nacional de Gobierno, la elección del primer Congreso Nacional, las batallas de Rancagua, Chacabuco y Maipú, y la Declaración de la Independencia, entre otros. Clase 1 OA de la clase: Conocer y explicar las causas y consecuencias de la Independencia de Chile ¿A qué nos referimos con Independencia de Chile? Es el proceso que consolidó a Chile, como una República independiente. Es decir, el proceso en el que Chile da inicio para separarse de España. ¿Cuándo ocurrió? El proceso de independencia de Chile ocurre entre el 18 de septiembre de 1810 y el 28 de enero de 1823 ¿18 DE SEPTIEMBRE? • Así es, por eso el 18 de septiembre se celebra fiestas patrias, también conocido como el cumpleaños de Chile, porque allí se realizó la primera Junta Nacional de Gobierno, dando inicio al proceso de independencia. Pero, esto no sólo ocurrió en Chile… • Fue un proceso continental, iniciado con la instalación de juntas de gobierno en las colonias hispanoamericanas, en respuesta a la captura del Rey Fernando VII por parte de las fuerzas napoleónicas en 1808. -
The Structure of Political Conflict: Kinship Networks and Political Alignments in the Civil Wars of Nineteenth-Century Chile
THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL CONFLICT: KINSHIP NETWORKS AND POLITICAL ALIGNMENTS IN THE CIVIL WARS OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHILE Naim Bro This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Sociology St Catharine’s College University of Cambridge July 2019 1 This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 2 THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL CONFLICT: KINSHIP NETWORKS AND POLITICAL ALIGNMENTS IN THE CIVIL WARS OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHILE Naim Bro Abstract Based on a novel database of kinship relations among the political elites of Chile in the nineteenth century, this thesis identifies the impact of family networks on the formation of political factions in the period 1828-1894. The sociological literature theorising the cleavages that divided elites during the initial phases of state formation has focused on three domains: 1) The conflict between an expanding state and the elites; 2) the conflict between different economic elites; and 3) the conflict between cultural and ideological blocs. -
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL 111111111ílfílii1r,nni1111111 36813000180082 UNIVERSIDAD ANDRES BELLO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ANDRÉS BELLO FACUL TAO DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE ARTES Y HUMANIDADES LICENCIATURA EN HISTORIA .. ,Y ahora somos todos chilenos/ Mecanismos de homogenización de la identidad 11 chilena en la formación del Estado-nación Republicano. Chile, 1810-1830 • Tesina de grado para optar al Grado de Licenciado en Historia. JAVIER SADARANGANI LEIVA. Profesor guía: Hugo Contreras Cruces. SANTIAGO-CHILE Diciembre, 2010. Para Angelina, Deepak, Valentina y mi familia. Y para todos quienes creen en la lucha social y política. AGRADECIMIENTOS. En primer lugar, agradecer a mi familia, quienes sin ellos, no habría podido lograr nada de lo que he conseguido. Han sido y seguirán siendo el gran soporte que me ha permitido y permitirá cumplir muchos de los objetivos que me he propuesto, tanto académica como personalmente. A mis amigos del colegio, de la universidad, de la Escuela Libre Luchfn y a mi pareja, quienes se han transformado en un apoyo bastante necesario en días de penas, angustias, alegrías y regocijos. En segundo lugar, agradecer al cuerpo docente del colegio y universidad, quienes han inspirado en mi valores importantes, quienes me han convertido en lo que soy y en lo que estoy a punto de ser, quienes han dedicado su tiempo fuera de las aulas para aclarar las dudas de este eterno estudiante de la historia. Agradecer, particularmente, al profesor Hugo Contreras Cruces, que sin él este trabajo no se hubiese podido llevar a cabo. Gracias por sus consejos, orientaciones y conversaciones. Y por último, agradecer a todos quienes han compartido conmigo momentos de reflexión y discusión, que han decantado en forjar una visión propia de la vida y de mis principios políticos y valóricos. -
Notas Críticas Sobre La Legalidad Del Proceso a Tomás De Figueroa
Derecho Público Iberoamericano, Nº 13, pp. 75-100 [octubre 2018] ISSN 0719-5354 NOTAS CRÍTICAS SOBRE LA LEGALIDAD DEL PROCESO A TOMÁS DE FIGUEROA (CRITICAL NOTES REGARDING THE LAWFULNESS OF THE PROCESS TO TOMÁS DE FIGUEROA) Eduardo Andrades Rivas* Resumen El artículo analiza los hechos constitutivos del llamado “Motín de Fi- gueroa”, con especial énfasis en la reacción de las autoridades juntistas de 1811 y la instrucción del proceso que culminó con el asesinato del teniente coronel Tomás de Figueroa y Caravaca, todo ello desde una perspectiva crítica, que revisa la versión tradicional sobre la vulneración de las instituciones jurídicas vigentes al momento de ocurrir el aconte- cimiento, por parte de las autoridades gubernativas. Palabras clave: Pronunciamiento, Tomás de Figueroa, Juan Martínez de Rozas, Real Audiencia, proceso ilegal. Abstract The article analyzes the facts that constitute the so-called “Figueroa’s riot”, with an special emphasis on the reaction of the authorities of the Junta of 1811 and the instruction of the process that culminated in the murder of Lieutenant Colonel Tomás de Figueroa y Caravaca, all from a critical aspect, which reviews the traditional version on the violation of the Legal Institutions in force by the governmental authorities, at the time of the event. Keywords: Statement, Tomás de Figueroa, Juan Martínez de Rozas, Real Hearing, illegal process. * Magíster en Humanidades con mención en Historia Clásica. Profesor titular Facultad de Derecho Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile. Artículo enviado el 27 de marzo de 2018 y aceptado para su publicación el 2 de septiembre de 2018. Correo electrónico: [email protected]. -
Ascendientes Y Descendientes Del Procér Don José Miguel Carrera V
ANTONIO S. ONDARZA O. Ascendientes y Descendientes del Procér Don José Miguel Carrera V. en Chile Derechos Reserve. '. ¡í OC) Antonio S. Ondarza O. Inscripción Ni 19.748 Impresores "Heráldica" G&silla 1691 —- Santiago. Año 1 .9 5 9 Sn «*ía Monog.r*fía se empleó papel nacional L. A. de la Compañía Mamificturera ée Papelee y Gartonet S. A., sujeto-s 1» T^ey N* 7.S2!. ANTONIO S. ÜNDABZA'C SANTIAGO DE CHILE 19 5 9 <L n > 'l'onaf Deronaxdo, nombre simbólico y firma masónica de don José Miguel Carrera Doña Javiera Cari-era Don Luis F. Carrera Verdufo D»« Juan J»•« Carrera YtriUí» Don Josc Mifuel Catrera Verdugo ESCUDO DE LOS CARRERA AfC^xds^?'bueyes de gules; Jefe de azur con 3 estrellas de oro de 8 puntas. CALLE VIDE LA DEL GUSTILLO Plaza Pe oro osl 1 i» C¡ o L •o S Cdsr/iLO. M ÜJ MLi tv 1 üí C5: I $ vj K Ciudad I £ 5 o de MeNOOZA. 2 CALLE AlBBRDl LU6AZ DEL FUSILA Mí 6NT0. LA CABIDA O, jctus! Hogar de Indigentes. EL PRIMEE CARRERA EN CHILE En la guerra contra el" Rey Moro, ''¿parecen oir/el Ejército Cristiaiío, "<eií lar toma de Granada, los Cárréra. Por sus actos de heroísmo recibieron honra y mercedes. De esta-rama proviene el primer Carrera que llegó a- Chile, a Concepción, el 4 de Abril de 1639, acompañando a-.su tío don Bernardo de Amasa e Iturguyen, que-venia en la comitiva del marqués de Baides, nombrado Gober "fiador- del Reino de Chile, '' ' Den Tgnacio de la Carrera e Iturguyen vino .com'o"In- geniero para los trabajos de la- Frontera y. -
President Buchanan's Minister to China 1857-1858
WILLIAM B. REED: PRESIDENT BUCHANAN'S MINISTER TO CHINA 1857-1858 BY FOSTER M. FARLEY* A PRESIDENT'S administration is usually evaluated by some A great occurrence, good or bad, and other aspects of his term of office are forgotten. Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover are generally charged with beginning the depressions of 1837 and 1929; Ulysses S. Grant and Warren G. Harding are usually thought of in connection with the various scandals and corruption during their administrations; and James Madison and James Buchanan with beginning the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. james Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States 'remains one of the least known statesmen of the American Nation."' According to Buchanan's latest biographer, Philip S. Klein, "many people remember Buchanan as the bachelor in the Ahite House who either caused the Civil War or who ought, some- how to have prevented it."2 Few people realize that the fifteenth President was singularly well qualified to occupy the White House. Born in 1791, a native of Pennsylvania, Buchanan graduated from Dickinson College in 1809. and was admitted to the bar three years later. With a good knowledge of the law, he served first in the Pennsylvania house arid then for the next ten years as Congressman. After serving as United States Minister to Russia from 1831-1833, he was elevated to the United States Senate.3 By 1844 he had be- come a leading contender for the Democratic nomination for President, and when James K. Polk was elected, the new Presi- dent appointed Buchanan Secretary of State mainly due to the *The author is Associate Professor of History at Newberry College.