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Contents Preface . 5 Pavel Drábek: Jaroslav Folta septuagenarian . 7 Pavel Drábek: Opera selecta Foltae . 9 Hana Barvíková, Pavel Drábek: Selected bibliography of Jaroslava Folta 19 Jaromír Ba¹tinec: Dr. Folta and organization of Summer School in History of Mathematics . 35 Jasna Fempl-Madjarevic: On the Workshop in History of Science and Technology . 41 Christa Binder: Kepler and the Archimedean Solids . 45 S. S. Demidov: Dimitrievich Brashman (1796{1866) and the development of mathematics in Russia . 63 Roman Duda: Eduard Èech and topology . 73 Miroslav Tibor Morovics: János Bolyai's unrenowned face . 81 Christine Phili: Reflections of Picard's theorem and Monge's problem on two Greek mathematicians: G. Remoundos and P. Zervos. 95 ©efan Porubský: Matyá¹ Lerch's book Bernoulli's polynoms\ . 119 " Karl-Heinz Schlote: Die Wandlung des Carl Neumann . 143 Peter Schreiber: The Beginnings of Visualizing the Invisible . 157 Emilie Těšínská: On Czech-Polish scientific contacts in mathematics and physics . 169 Alena Hadravová, Petr Hadrava: Astronomy in Medieval Prague (Especially at the Beginning of the 15th Century) . 203 Vladimír Karpenko: Indian natural sciences and alchemy . 209 Karel Maèák: Franz Konrad Bartl und seine Tastenharmonika . 225 Franz Pichler: Franz A. Petøina's Magnet-elektrische Maschinen in Linz und in Prag . 231 Ivo Proks: Lazare and Sadi Carnots . 239 Miloslav Rechcígl, Jr.: Czech and Slovak physicians and technicians on american continent . 267 Josef Smolka, Martin ©olc: Zu dem Briefwechsel zwischen Th. Hagecius und A. Dudithius . 275 Annette Vogt: Von Prag in die neue Welt\ | die Wege der Chemikerin " Gertrud Kornfeld . 281 Authors . 299 Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum New series, Vol. 7 (2003) 3 Pøedmluva Preface Sedmý svazek obnovené série Acta The seventh volume of renewed se- historiae rerum naturalium necnon ries Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum was done in co- technicarum vze¹el ze spolupráce operation between the Society for Spoleènosti pro dějiny věd a tech- the History of Science and Technol- niky a Výzkumného oddělení dějin ogy and the Research department techniky a exaktních věd Národního for history of technology and exact technického muzea. Pøispěli do něj sciences of the National Technical pøátelé a kolegové RNDr. Jaroslava Museum. Papers were written by Folty, CSc., k jeho 70. narozeninám. his friends and colleagues and dedi- Většina příspěvků byla pøednesena cated to RNDr. Jaroslav Folta, CSc., on the occasion of his 70th birthday. na mezinárodním sympoziu věno- Most of papers were read at the in- vaném dějinám věd a techniky, které ternational symposium of history of se uskuteènilo 14. a 15. dubna science and technology in honour of 2003 v Národním technickém muzeu well known historian of mathemat- v Praze, na poèest významného his- ics, tireless mastermind of research torika matematiky, neúnavného or- in the field of history and technol- ganizátora badatelské èinnosti na ogy, friendly colleague and teacher, good man | Jaroslav Folta. The poli dějin techniky, laskavého spolu- symposium took place in 14th and pracovníka i uèitele a dobrého èlově- 15th April 2003 in the National Tech- ka | Jaroslava Folty. Řada kolegù nical Museum in Prague. Also many a pøátel, kteří se nemohli sympozia colleagues and friends, who couldn't zúèastnit, dala dr. Foltovi jako dárek take part at the symposium, con- své èlánky, jež zde rovněž otisku- tributed with their papers to this vol- jeme. Sborník je rozdělen do tří ume. The publication is divided into three parts, first deal with personal- částí. První je věnována osobnosti ity of jubilee, second with history of oslavence, druhá dějinám matema- mathematics and third with history tiky a třetí dějinám věd a techniky of science and technology from a dif- z rùzných úhlù pohledu. ferent point of view. Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum New series, Vol. 7 (2003) 5 Jaroslav Folta septuagenarian Pavel Drábek Jaroslav Folta was born at Plzeň on April 2nd, 1932. He studied mathematics in Prague and graduated 1955. Stimulation coming from Professor V. Jarník and his assistant Josef Král had brought Jaroslav, during his studies, together with history of mathematics. That is why also Folta's master thesis was focused on history. The thesis supervisor was Professor J. B. Pavlíček. In this thesis Jaroslav Folta had attempted to express Lobaèevskij's way of introducing analytical geometry into noneuclidian one by modern mathematical expression. After gradua- tion worked Folta for 38 years in Historical Institute of Czechoslovak Academy of Science. In the year 1961 he had defended his PhD thesis at the Mathematic-physical faculty of The Charles University. Topic of this thesis was focused on conditions of Bohemian geometry school foundation. In the same time he participated on arrangement of book called Dějiny exaktních věd v českých zemích ( History of exact sciences in Bohemian countries). Also together with Lubo¹ Nový, they started lecturing and theses supervising from the history of mathematics. Later become Folta fully responsible for these pedagogical activities and in the year 1991 he has moved together with his course to the Pedagogical faculty of The Charles University. In the eighties Folta has started, together with Associated Professor J. Šedivý, uninterrupted series of summer school focused on teachers further education in the field of his- tory of mathematics. These scholls took place mainly in June. Since the year 1984 he had started similar courses during winter breaks (February). These courses were focused on history of Technology and Sciences and were carried out for university teachers. Lectures from both summer and winter courses were published in proceedings. Folta published over 270 papers, took part in various international symposia and congresses and also he organized many scietific meetings in Prague. Since 1981 he had started to organize regular international symposia about education of history of sciences. Folta together with Associated Professor H. Remane from Leipzig and Dr. A. Duncan from Loughborough had started to publish periodical Tea-Com-News cowering results from above mentioned symposia. In the year 1989 he became a vicepresident of Czech Society for History of Science and Technology and since 1993 he has been managing the Research departement of history Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum New series, Vol. 7 (2003) 7 of exact science and technology of the National Technical Museum in Prague. From 1998 he leads International Commission for Teaching the History of Science and Technology and in the same year he become a vicepresident of the Council of Scientific Societies of Czech Republic. His research work is oriented on the history of mathematics, and on general problems of science and technology. Majority of these prob- lems deals with the exploatation quantitave methods in the historical evaluation, or methodics for elaboration the history of technology. Nowadays he and his coworkers are about to finish the study named Studie o technice v českých zemích 1945{92 (Technology in Bohemian Countries During Years 1945{92) and he also plans many other activities. 8 Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum New series, Vol. 7 (2003) Opera selecta Foltae Sestavil Pavel Drábek K pojmu matematické\ ¹koly " Nutným pøedpokladem pro vznik matematické ¹koly rozpracovávající nový matematický směr je vznik nových matematických my¹lenek v době jejich šíření spoleèensky příznivé. Pøi jejím vzniku jistě hraje svoji roli i subjektivní faktor | osobnost matematika | nositele nových idejí. Objektivní úloha společenských podmínek, které je tøeba chápat hodně ¹iroce (od přímé potøeby pøi výrobě až po zvýšenou potøebu technicky a matematicky vzdělaných pracovníků), nám může objasnit, proè většina těchto ¹kol byla spjata s urèitým místem, městem, teritoriem. Pak se nám ov¹em naskýtá i nový pohled na vznik matematických ¹kol s teritoriálním významem. Víme, že většinou vznikají na problematice již rozpraco- vané. Ov¹em jejich vznik je zřejmě podmíněn mimořádně výhodnými podmínkami společenskými pro rozvoj matematiky. Příklad tzv. èeské geometrické ¹koly, vyvolané zesílenými požadavky výroby na technické ¹kolství, a mimoøádnou potøebou deskriptivní geometrie na technických předmětech tuto okolnost poněkud objasňuje. (Zprávy Komise pro dějiny přírodních, lékařských a technických věd ÈSAV, è. 6, Praha 1961, s. 16 ) Dva pøedstavitelé Èeské geometrické ¹koly\ " (Ke 40. výročí úmrtí J. S. a M. N. Vaněčkù.) Matematika v českých zemích vytváří v druhé polovině 19. století velmi charakteristickou etapu svého vývoje, odlišující se výrazně od období pøedcházejících. Toto odlišení je dáno především množstvím a kvalitou dosažených výsledků, dále zaměřením problematiky matematické práce a v neposlední řadě i velkým rozšířením poètu matematikù v na¹ich ze- mích. Tento široký rozvoj vedoucí i k vytvoření tvůrčího matematického prostředí, jehož výrazem se stala mj. i Jednota českých matematikù, a koordinovaný Èasopisem pro pěstování matematiky a fysiky, byl pod- míněn ekonomickým a společenským vývojem na¹ich zemí v prvé polo- vině 19. století. Požadavky rozvíjejícího se prùmyslu v prvých etapách prùmyslové revoluce u nás vedly k nutnému rozvoji ¹kolské soustavy, zejména k rozšíření ¹kol technického a reálného zaměření. Na těchto Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum New series, Vol. 7 (2003) 9 ¹kolách byl kladen velký dùraz na matematiku a deskriptivní geometrii důležitou v tehdejší technické praxi.
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    Historia Mathematica 26 (1999), 68–76 Article ID hmat.1998.2212, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on NOTE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Notes on J´anosBolyai’s Researches in Number Theory provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Elem´erKiss Petru Maior University of Targu-Mures¸,ˆ str. N. Iorga 1, 4300 Targu-Mures¸,ˆ Romania J´anos Bolyai was one of the inventors of non-Euclidean geometry. According to his unpublished manuscripts, he also achieved remarkable results in other fields in mathematics. His work in number theory is of special interest because it contains ideas which have hitherto been attributed to other mathematicians. C 1999 Academic Press Bolyai J´anosa nem-euklid´eszigeometria egyik megalkot´oja.Feldolgozatlan k´eziratainaktan´us´aga szerint a matematika m´as´agaibanis figyelemre m´elt´oeredm´enyeket ´ertel. Sz´amelm´eletimunk´aiaz´ert tarthatnak k¨ul¨on¨os´erdekl¨od´esresz´amot,mivel olyan gondolatokat tartalmaznak, amelyeket eddig m´as matematikusoknak tulajdon´ıtottak. C 1999 Academic Press AMS classification numbers: 01A55; 01A70; 11A41. Key Words:J´anos Bolyai; Fermat’s little theorem; pseudoprime numbers; Jeans’s theorem; Gaussian integers; sums of squares; Fermat numbers. 1. INTRODUCTION J´anos Bolyai (1802–1860) was one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry. During his life only his most important work, the Appendix [3], was published, although he left several thousand pages of manuscripts, which were stored in boxes in different places. Some of these have been lost, but fortunately most of them have been preserved.
  • János Bolyai, the Founder of the Non-Euclidean Geometry

    János Bolyai, the Founder of the Non-Euclidean Geometry

    János Bolyai, the founder of the Non-Euclidean Geometry PÉTER KÖRTESI UNIVERSITY OF MISKOLC His father, Farkas Bolyai was a mathematician Farkas Bolyai had the chance to go as an accompany of the son of Baron Kemény to Jena, where Bolyai for the first time began to study mathematics systematically. After six months in Jena Bolyai and Kemény went to Göttingen. There he was taught by Kästner and became a life long friend of Gauss, a fellow student at Göttingen. This was the time when one could say that Bolyai really became a mathematician. He began to think about Euclid's geometrical axioms and in particular the independence of the Fifth Postulate. He discussed these issues with Gauss and his later writing show how important he considered their friendship to be for his mathematical development. By the autumn of 1798 Bolyai and Kemény had completed their studies, the latter returned to Hungary, but Bolyai was left penniless in Göttingen. He spent a year there relying on charity and borrowed money for food to survive. It was a year of great hardship, yet one where he continued to develop mathematically surrounded by other talented mathematicians. After a year a friend sent him enough money and he returned on foot as well in July 1799. János Bolyai was born in Kolozsvár, 1802 Back on the family estate at Bolya, Farkas undertook research in mathematics. He went to Kolozsvár where he became a tutor. There he met Zsuzsanna Benkő and they married in 1801. In Zsuzsanna's parents home on 15 December 1802 their son János Bolyai was born.
  • Remarkable Hungarian Mathematicians at the Cluj University

    Remarkable Hungarian Mathematicians at the Cluj University

    Stud. Univ. Babe¸s-Bolyai Math. 59(2014), No. 4, 419{433 Remarkable Hungarian mathematicians at the Cluj University Ferenc Szenkovits Abstract. We provide a brief overview of the life and activity of the most remark- able Hungarian mathematicians who worked at the University of Cluj, from the beginnings to the present day. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01A55, 01A60, 01A73. Keywords: University of Cluj, Hungarian mathematicians. 1. Introduction The first higher education institution in Cluj (Kolozsv´ar,Claudiopolis), a Jesuit colleage with three faculties: Theology, Philosophy and Law, was set up on May 12, 1581 by Stephen B´athory, the prince of Transylvania and king of Poland. Over the centuries astronomy and mathematics had an important role between the subjects taught at this catholic school. The most remarkable professors of astron- omy and mathematics of this school were Mikl´osJ´anosi(1700{1741) and Maximilian Hell (1720{1792). J´anosiand Hell published the first mathematical textbooks in Cluj: Mikl´osJ´anosi: Trigonometria plana et sphaerica cum selectis ex geometria et astronomia problematibus, sinuum canonibus et propositionibus ex Euclide magis nec- essariis. Claudiopoli, 1737. Maximilian Hell: Compendia varia praxesque omnium operationum arithmeti- carum. Claudiopoli, 1755. Elementa mathematicae naturalis philosophiae ancillantia ad praefixam in scho- lis normam concinnata. Pars I., Elementa arithmeticae numericae et litteralis seu algebrae. Claudiopoli, 1755. Exercitationum mathematicarum Partes Tres. Claudiopoli. 1760. A new era begins in the Cluj university education on October 12, 1872, when the emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria approves a decision of the Hungarian Parliament for setting up the University of Cluj. This Hungarian university was between the This paper was presented at the 8th Conference on History of Mathematics & Teaching of Mathe- matics, Cluj-Napoca, May 21-25, 2014.