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Page Fourteen THE JEW·ISH POST Thursday, April 3, 1969 Thursday, April 3, 1969 THE JEWISH POST from conditions of disease and starvation and . physical oppression. These are the immigral',!~s­ , many -withlargefamiIies-who are inadeqliSJely : , housed .'be'cause we did not have the means, . even not illways the time, to build the kind of housing they needed then, let alone to make and carry Je'rusCllem, - out long-range plans for proper housing. , ' tion of the population in a 'state of permanent .. To meet this budget, the Jewish Agency needs or partial mobilization; the enormous costs of cash receipts of $300 million this year. It is the increasingly sophisticated arms and equip­ almost 25 years since the' end of the Nazi holo­ , ment required to offset what our enemies are caust,but the recent events in Iraq remind us A. Unified. s world Jewry engas-es itself in the third receiving from the Soviets. again that the Jewish people are still confronted ,.', A.. 'I~rael Emergency Campaign since the end of 5. Immigration is continually increasing. The by hitter and barbaric enemies, and that Jewish rescue must continue to occupy the position of the SIX Day War of June, 1967; it is well to 1~69-70 budget' is based on an anticipated • understand the financial needs of Israel that make ahya of 35,000 .. There is every indication now priority in our planning. necessary this contin~ed fund raising effort· of that the figure will reach and surpass 40000. At the same time, the Jewish people have the City great magnitude. . Immigration of Jews from the free world 'con­ opportunity to build a society in Israel which Perhaps the best way to lmderstand the needs tinues to mount. However, immigration of is so firmly rooted and so strong that no force :.'.' can shake it, let alone destroy it. The breadth is. t? review the unprecedented budget of $330 Je~s frol!l countries of oppression and perse­ mllhon announced by the 'Jewish Agency for and depth of Israel's social and cultural life, the . ",:/ cution stIll represents the largest portion of 1" , Israel for the fiscal year 1969-70. As is well present and anticipated aliya. Thus in a very vigor of its economy, the incredible advances in known, the Jewish Agency is, the medium through dire¢t sense, the Agency budget f~r 1969-70 its technology not only to defend the nation ,but which rescue funds raised by Jews throughout reflects the continuing and tragic need to save to make more secure and to enrich the lives of HE following is excerpted from one of a series of 26 on­ the world are spen~ for the immigration, settle­ Jews. , . its people - all these give promise today to the T the-scene reports from Israel made by Arnold Forster, tlie ment andmtegratIon of needy newcomers to magnificent society - a light unto the nations Anti-Defamation League's general counsel, for broadcast by Israel and throughout the world. 6. The budget also reflects the need to intensify - which can be tomorrow. American 'radio stations. our efforts to complete the absorption of those For American Jews, this challenge and obli-. Here Mr. Forster interviews Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jeru­ This. unprecedented 'budget reflects unprece­ who have come hefore. These are the immi­ dented situations and needs in the history of gation can best be met by continued sacrificial salem, a physically unified city since 1967 but one composed grants whose ultimate integration into Israel giving to the' 'Israel Emergency Fund of the of culturally and spiritually separate communities. Its popu­ !srael, ~nd presents an ,unprecedented challenge society has been slowed down or hlocked by m ~he hIstOry of the JeWlsh people. It is a hudget United Jewish Appeal, contributions that are lation is about three-fourths Jewish and .one-fourth Arab. whIch reflects abpve all the 'recognition that the the tremendous physical and cultural handi­ made through the United Jewish Appeal in New Divided just once in its several thousand years of awe­ cap.s which they '~rought with them, handicaps York and the many welfare funds throughout the inspiring history- the 19 years from '48-'67 when ",' ' . ~tr~ngth of Israel is in the quality of its people, whIch our finanCIal resources in the past were m Its human resources. In a land so poor in too meagre to overcome. rest of the country. The 11969-70 budget of the a blockwide strip of vacant, half-destroyed build­ the east and west segments of Jerusalem have But they participate in all municipal.affairs; and natural resources, in a land where the neglect of Jewish Agency for Israel is the physical mani­ ings separated the Jordanians occupying the Old been removed. 'What else has been done? we don't ask them for a loyalty oath. We tel. centuries had reduced its soil to barren desert These are the immigrants with education and festation of a total mobilization of the human City from the Jews in West Jerusalem - the Kollek: First of all, it's a contented city as far them 'We don't want to know their opinions, exc~pt and rock, the dynamic force which has restOl'ed skills completely inadequate to modern industrial resources of our people- world Jewry. History city has "been reunited, its No Man's Land as employment is concerned. Over a third of the on questions of sidewalks' and sewerage and saili­ the land has 'peen the human quality of the exiles technology, because they come' from countries assures us that the Jewish people will accept the removed. .' Arab labor force, which was largely unemployed tatioll and education and such things. - .. returning to the land. The "secret weapon" which where they had no chance to acquire adequate challenge. The destiny of Israel and the Jewish Forster: What is the possibility of unifying tlIe before, works in Jewish'placesof employment­ Forster: I see that both the Arabs and the Jews has e?abled Israel to withstand the onslaught of education and skills. These are the ,blind and tqe people req,!ire that, having accepted the chal­ Ara:bs and Jews in J ~rusalem ? . on building sites,Jn factories, as gardeners, and in Jerusalem suffer the problem, of a housing.. , enemIes far more powerful in number and in the Grippled and the weak, because they came to Israel lenge, we meet our responsibilities in full. Kollek: I demit think'they should be integrated. truck drivers. About' 500, a ;large, percentage shortage. What is being done about that? , .' resources of war has been this same human This is not an American city where evelj1'body because our labor~orce is only .lJ!,aybe 12,000 or KolIek: The Arabs within thei w~lled city have qu~lity of its people. wants to be an American. I would compare it 14,000, work as, employees of'tnecity. Their lived in very congested condition,S.' We are gradjl-. It is this human quality, which the Jewish with a city like Montreal where the French are. salaries are the same as the· 'salaries of the ally liquidating all the slum areas ... We are start- ' Agency. -budget for 1969-70 is designed to preserve French and. the English are English, and ,both . Israelis - better salaries.' thlirithe 'Arabs had ing now to build the first 200: apartments'.,for and strengthen and to develop even further. BANKING' IN TALMUDIC TIMES are good Canadians and live together. There's a before in the lower grades, the sarrie salaries in Arabs whom we would like to take" from the The major factors of Israel's situation and little strife from time to time but on the whole, . the higher grades. The differential between low inner city into,the suburbs of Jerusalem. This. .needs as reflected in this budget are these: coins for use in the market in exchange for silver it's a good city to live in. Here, I think, the and high is much smaller than it was in the Arab will also enable us to rebuild the houses where 1. Israel's total health, education and social needs and gold ones, or, if his client was a merchant Arabs would like to remain Arabs, and should world. Also the city is full of tourists, and all these Arabs live now - some of them probably. - including immigrant absorption - w i II Lecturer in Talmud at iBar nan University travelling a.broad t? sell h~s wares, to exchange remain Arabs conneCted with the Arar people the hotels are full. It took a little time to improve -built. 600 or 800 years ago and the 'best examples the local corns for mternatIOnally negotiable cur­ amount;,o $495 ~iUioJ? in 1969-70. T~e Jewish all over the world in the spiritual sense and in the Arab hotels. . of 'Islamic architecture. But gradually a little rency. He had to have a sound knowledge of the cultural sense with freedom of travel to the Jerusalem has. one administration. We are Rhack was added here and a little shack was added Agency 'budget IS desIgned to 'cover .lust over '.' t:, half - 50.5% - of these needs. This will ALESTINE in Roman Times lay at the cross­ international affairs, to he certain that what he Arab world. And certainly the Israelis, the Jews, providing water; we.,are providing the education. the,re. These additions have to ,be .torn down and P was ?an~ing out w~s IE!gal tender in the country don't want to become Arab. So both Arabs and require $250 million of the Agency's overall r.oads of the world's main trade-routes. Gold There are at ,this moment 16,000. children in day the house has to be brought hack to its pure ,~. movmg from Gaul to India, spices and silks from of hIS chent's destmatIon. Jews should one day live here peaceably, con­ camps -the first time Arab .children are in day style. They will be 'beautiful but a great deal :»\, budget. (The rest of the Agency budget cov­ , .:., It was all too common for warring countries ers immigration, special programs, administra- China to the West, minerals from Mauretania tented. We live fairly peacefully now, except for camps. We have'ayouth city where every after­ of money is needed for this. . '.,,,;• tio~ and debt service.) . and Ethiopia; to Persia and even Siam, all passed to declare their enemies' coinages as worthless the intrusion of terrorists from the outside who noon a few thousand children -'. Jews and Arabs Forster: What is the relationship between the 2. ThIS 50.5% represents. a swinging back of the through SYrIa. Much passed through Palestinian and ~hen one ruler deposed another he would set bombs off in our cities. -run their own city with entertainment, with government of Israel and the Holy Shrines within pendulum from the Israeli taxpayer to world ports' and market-towns. sometimes cancel all the old coins. The banker- Forster: Well, at least ·we have a physical uni­ sports, with a variety of things. These are signs Jerusalem? ' Jewry which has always had the responsibility We have records of wine and dried fish arriv­ fication .. I have travelled the city in the few days that eventuall:v we will ,be able to live together. Kollek: For the first time in many. many Years,.· since the beginning of the State for the need~ ing by ship from Anatolia and Egypt to the ports and I see that the barbed wires are down, the It isn't easy. The Arabs are unhappy at the fact there is free access to the Holy Shrines for every~ . of the million and a quarter i~migrants who of .Acco an~ Caesarea! Greek and Mysian pottery walls on the main thoroughfares that separated that Jerusalem has become the capital of Israel. (Continued on page 39) have sought haven and hope here in the past bemg used m the GalIlee. Palestine, for her part, twenty years. Unfortunately, prior to June exported many different commod1ties, such as '1967, world Je\Yl"y had not been able to meet olive-oil to Laodicea, date-syrup (from 'Jericho) • these responsibilities in full, sometimes not and even asphalt to neighboring districts .. even in substantial measure. As a result the The volume of trade wal;l very considerable SOVIET BRINKMANSHIP IN THE 'MIDDLE EAST Israeli government had to step in and heip in and as a result a multitude of different currencie~ .. fied or not. It is also forgotten in. the general heresy in Czechoslovakia. Her leaders could not .. areas of social need which have never been . found their way into the commercial centres of · , relief how near to grief the world may have been. in the end, face the danger of a little freedo~

and are not today statutory or legislative the country. For while (Italian) Romans used ,,"-, A third· proposition is that Russia is' so across the border.' responsibilities of the State. denari, Parthians used drachms, Egyptians tetra­ frightened of China, that the last thing she wants . It is .incontest~ble, too, that she is deeply 3. The reason that the Israel taxpayer can no drachms, . the people of Asia Minor (Lydians, cum-money-changer was, then, a well-educated !' HE WEST is too ready to rely on some propo­ is to provoke the West. She is no doubt anxious mvolved m the MIddle East. .of course, if you person of considerable abilities. . longer carry this burden is all too obvious: his CappodoClans, etc.) obols, and so forth. . · " Tsitions which are .certainly half-truths, but about the Far Eastern situation, but an element believe in cynical imperialism as the Kremlin taxes, perhaps the highest in' the world are . Furthermore, Gallic denari had· a- different As Jewish law forbade him to take interest '.,rt perhaps not the whole truth. One of these is the in this seems to be the damage China's criti­ does, Czechoslovakia is within her ol"bit of power going largely to defense. In fact, 80% ~f all weight and standard of metallic fineness from on any loan he might make (to a Jew), his main '. , belief that Russia does not want a major war cisms do to her standing in the Communist world. and certainly, the Middle 'East must ·be an are~ tax income-wipeout the IState of Israel; the continuing kinds of coins, constantly-changing international' knows where and when to stQP. She will assert ventures. But what about the build-up of the Red of 1904, when the Baltic fleet went east? But acts of aggression and hostility along our bor­ exchan&:e-rates, and, even more complex, the ever­ Where aJ? employer had a standing arrange­ here hegemony over, say, Eastern Europe, she Fleet, especially submarines? if she is really bent on detente her timing of ders and the cease-fire lines and against our fluct1;latmg. va,lues of the local bronze coinages. meJ?t WIth. hIS banke: for the employees to draw • • will keep up her side of the -balance of terror as Finally, there are those who say that, no these moves is peculiar. civilian population within and outside our bor­ For Just as each country (or group of countries) theIr salarIes from hIS account, the hook-keepin against the U.S.A., but she knows where the doubt, a country with an economy as inefficient And the areas involved are extremely sensi­ ders. T~e other part of the answer is in the had its own national gold and/or silver coinage could be. quite complicated. Thus, to he a gOO~ brink is and wiIInot overstep it. There is evi­ as that of Russia cannot 'be anxious to spend tive. They contain two countries which will fight shulcham, fie had also to ,be a competent account­ more on arms. Yet dictatorships always find it arithmetic of today's defence logistics and almost 'every major city had its own local bronz~ ant. dence to support this view, but it is not wholly for their existence, Yugoslavia and Israel. Both teChnology: much longer lines to defend, much money. Th~ relationships between the local conclusive. easier to make arms than anything else, and an are of great intrinsic importance and also of longer lines to supply; greatly increased costs 'bronze money. The relationships between the . There were many fringe-benefits to bankin Take the Cuban episode, often prayed in aid aggressive foreign policy is a classical diversion i~portaI\ce because of their geographical situa­ of civilian defence (shelters, asphalting hitherto local 'bronze and national silver' and gold coins m thos~ da~s. Since one coin could have differen1 of the view that Russia and America understand from failure at home. tIon. NeIther can be claimed as lying exc1ut'!ively unpav.ed roads, repairs of damages after 'shell­ varied virtually from village to village. yalue.s m dI~erent countries,' and even districts the game of deterrence and will not overstep the What is incontestable is that Russia, after within the Russian or American orbit. ings and other !1g'gressions) ; a higher IprOpor- The "banker's" main job was to hand out local It paId, at tImes, to acquire a stock of one sort mark. It is overlooked that Russia did overstep a period of indecision, eventually ehose to set The Yugoslavs know a good deal abou t the (Continued on page 36) the mark. The dispatch of rockets to Cuba was back international Communism fifteen years and Russians. No dictatorship light-heartedly puts a clear alteration of the balance, whether justi- risk a return to the cold war, rather than tolerate (Continued on page 19)

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