NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

ININ REREVMAGAZINEIEWIEW V November 2015

success NPS’ TEAM ARSENL FLIES ITS 50 UAV SWARM!

INSIDE: A Warrior’s Legacy – McChrystal Shares His Story During Unique SGL Deputy Secretary of Defense Visits NPS, Honors Spring Graduates Intern Develops Small, Inexpensive Star Tracker PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE CONTENTS

elcome to our return to “In Review,” the Naval Postgraduate School’s flagship magazine. Following a brief hiatus in production, we are excited to present our most recent work in our mission to provide truly exceptional graduate education 10 Defense Resources 12 A Warrior’s Legacy – 14 Fifty & Counting Wexperiences, and place a spotlight on the outstanding work our students, faculty and staff do Management Institute McChrystal Shares His Story NPS ARSENL researchers achieve their ultimate every day. Retired Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal shares goal of successfully flying 50 unmanned aerial Turns 50 vehicles autonomously. What’s next? This mission sets us apart, for there is no other institution in the world that mirrors NPS’ NPS’ hub of advanced education in analytical his perspectives on modern conflict in a candid discussion with university students. dedication to relevant student research. While we boast academic programs with a rigor and decision-making and effective resource man- agement celebrates a half-century. Ronald A. Route quality that rival the nation’s most prestigious institutions, NPS studies are firmly grounded Vice Adm., U.S. Navy (Ret.) in the operational forces. Even among top defense research establishments, NPS is unique in President, Naval Postgraduate School its broad portfolio of academic programs, from national security studies to business, applied sciences to information science. This issue of “In Review” features several examples of just what makes NPS the one-of-a- kind institution that it is. Our Defense Resources Management Institute (DRMI), part of the “While we boast Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, celebrates 50 years of advanced education this year. DRMI provides U.S. and international officers with highly esteemed, unique instruc- academic programs tion in defense resource management and analytical decision-making. with a rigor and In this edition, we focus on the continuing partnership between the Naval Postgraduate School and the U.S. Marine Corps Expeditionary Energy Office (E2O). The Marine Corps 16 NPS, USMC Partnership 20 Deputy Secretary of 22 Naval Surface Forces quality that has been on the front lines of the fight to strengthen our capabilities by diversifying our Advances Readiness Defense Work Visits Campus Establishes SWO Chair energy sources. Some time ago, E2O leaders engaged with NPS and we have become a true rival the nation’s Through Education Space systems operations graduate and Commander, Naval Surface Forces Vice Adm. enabling partner in the success of their mission, providing expert graduates to the E2O team, NPS and the Marine Corps’ Expeditionary Deputy Secretary of Defense the Honorable Thomas Rowden partners with NPS to establish and an array of the most recent research dedicated to supporting their efforts. Energy Office advance warfighting through Bob Work tours campus during a visit to the the Surface Warfare Chair. most prestigious West Coast. We also highlight the establishment of our new Surface Warfare Chair, an effort spear- innovative energy solutions. institutions, NPS headed by Commander, Naval Surface Forces Vice Adm. Thomas S. Rowden. The SWO Chair studies are firmly will serve as a direct link between NPS research and the Surface Warfighting Development Center. He will also be an on-campus mentor to our many SWO students, and will be repre- grounded in the senting NPS to the SWO community in the fleet. Our SWO Chair will serve as an outstand- 4 University News 21 Alumnus Talks Innovation 26 Summer Graduation ing resource in ensuring our programs remain grounded in the needs of our warfighters. During SGL operational forces.” 7 Faculty Showcase Like many universities, the value of NPS is reflected in the accomplishments of our grad- 24 Intern Develops Small, uates, and our alumni are making a difference at all levels of the defense spectrum. Deputy 18 Alumnus Leads Major Inexpensive Star Tracker Defense Secretary Bob Work is one such alumnus, and he returned to campus this past sum- Personnel Reforms in Georgian Ministry mer to engage with NPS on a number of initiatives. Retired Vice Adm. Michael Vitale, a re- of Defense spected leader in innovation, also revisited Monterey to share his views on this critical subject with our students. We also share the story of an NPS graduate from the Republic of Georgia,

Col. Giorgi Jachvadze, who applied his NPS master’s degree in personnel management to NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL On The Cover implement a number of critical reforms to the Georgian Ministry of Defense. IN REVMAGAZINEIEW V November 2015 NPS’ Advanced Robotic Systems Engineering Finally, a team of faculty, students and research staff in the university’s Advanced Ro- IN RE MAGAZINEIEW V Laboratory (ARSENL) has made history, success simultaneously flying 50 autonomous botic Systems Engineering Laboratory (ARSENL) recently set a world record – launching and NPS’ TEAM ARSENL FLIES President Director of Communications In ITS 50 UAV SWARM! unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and setting flying autonomously a swarm of 50 unmanned aerial vehicles all at the same time. The effort Ronald A. Route Review Managing Editor Vice Admiral (Ret.), U.S. Navy Dale Kuska / [email protected] what is believed to be a world record for UAVs opens the doors to a broad spectrum of research into the advanced studies of large swarms controlled by a single operator. In this issue, we examine the craft, tactics and innovations that Acting Provost Graphics Designer INSIDE: A Warrior’s Legacy – McChrystal Shares of small, capable UAVs. His Story During Unique SGL Deputy Secretary of Defense Visits NPS, made this historical achievement possible. Dr. James Newman Guadalupe Javier Baltazar Honors Spring Graduates Intern Develops Small, Inexpensive Like countless other programs at NPS, this impressive research will provide a foundation Star Tracker Public Affairs Officer Contributing Writers / Photographers for many students in the quarters to come, while providing senior Navy/DOD leaders with an Naval Postgraduate School For more information about NPS, LCDR Greg Flores / [email protected] MC3 Brian Abel, Javier Chagoya, MC2 1 University Circle visit the new NPS NewsCenter innovative approach to one of national security’s current challenges. Michael Ehrlich, MC1 Lewis Hunsaker, Monterey, CA 93943 at www.nps.edu/news. For free Dale M. Kuska, Kenneth A. Stewart, MC2 (831) 656-1068 / [email protected] subscription information or to Shawn J. Stewart submit your comments or Published by the suggestions on In Review magazine, Public Affairs Office contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY NEWS UNIVERSITY NEWS

panding?” in Ingersoll Hall. and 2000s were a product of Iraqi speakers featured during the De- understand that the movement U.S. Army Capt. John Baker, a jihadists being raised under ex- fense Energy Seminar Series this of fuel is something we need to New Chief of Staff Takes the Helm student in NPS’ defense analysis tremist ideology. If we continue past quarter. prevent. We have to be efficient in program, joined a distinguished to allow this generation of young Boyd acts as a liaison between terms of our acquisition of equip- NPS welcomed incoming Chief of Staff, Navy Capt. Anthony Parisi to and North Red Seas. He also participated in several shorter deployments U.S. Marine Corps headquarters ment and equipment items so they the university, July 17. And while Parisi to Northern Europe, the Eastern Pacific, and NPS on educational programs are far more efficient than their is new to the chief of staff position, he is Arabian Gulf and South America. But he involving the efficient use of en- predecessors.” not new to NPS, graduating from the uni- is perhaps most proud of the time he ergy on the battlefield. During his versity’s Department of National Security spent commanding Afloat Training Group presentation, he spoke on the neg- Affairs in the 90s. Mayport, the USS The Sullivans (DDG 68) ative effect of wasting resources “I have to admit that when I was here and the USS Zephyr (PC 8). during combat operations. as a student, I thought this was the most Parisi relished his time at sea, but it “If we’re not efficient with our wonderful place in the world,” said Parisi. was his numerous trips ashore as a “quasi- energy, or usage of energy, we will “I had just come off four and a half years diplomat” that inspired him to pursue an not be able to rapidly deploy and of arduous sea duty and they told me that interest that coincided directly with his NPS student U.S. Army Capt. John Baker, left, participates in a panel discussion, sustain our forces,” said Boyd. my job here was to learn, just to learn.” NPS education in national security affairs. Aug. 20. “We don’t have the money, and The son of a first-generation Sicilian “I decided to go into the defense atta- we don’t have the strategic lift fisherman from the hamlet of Gloucester, ché business, which brought me to Rome, group of experts to discuss, and at Iraqis and Syrians to grow up un- anymore to have huge armies. We Mass., Parisi grew up in and around the Capt. Anthony Parisi officially took the helm as NPS’ Chief of Italy where I was the senior defense offi- time debate, ISIS information op- der that ideology, what fruit will it need to minimize and optimize Retired Marine Corps Col. Michael sea. “I basically grew up on a fishing boat, Staff, July 17. cial and naval attaché’ for three years … It erations (IO) and networks as well bare?” asked Baker. “It’s amazing our logistics footprint on the bat- Boyd talks culture change during one of several Defense Energy Seminars and I liked it,” said Parisi. was an incredibly eye-opening job where as U.S. interests in the region and that after 14 years of counterin- tlefield, because the logistics is far this quarter. Throughout his naval career, Parisi has spent a lot of time at sea. He I can say that I directly used my NPS education and put it to practical use Western policy options. surgency operations that we think more vulnerable to interdictions completed several deployments to the Mediterranean, Black, Adriatic in the field,” said Parisi. Baker contributed with a dis- that a war of attrition will work.” and threats then the actual oper- And Boyd emphasizes that cussion on the success of ISIS ating forces.” implementing energy effective- IO campaigns in spite of the air Defense Energy Seminar Boyd’s team is charged with ness, like many things, starts with MORS Tisdale Competi- tors] were a very talented group. DOD Students for the 2015 sum- “Analysis of the Army’s Apache campaign against ISIS militants. Details the Challenge of researching ways to change the education. tion Recognizes Out- They were the hardest group we mer quarter. Key Reliability Issues and Rec- He and other panel members ex- Culture Change culture of consumption by con- “I appreciate that this uni- standing OR Thesis have ever had to judge.” Logan completed his studies ommended Methodology for Im- pressed frustration with the cur- Retired Marine Corps Col. serving fossil fuels and necessary versity has embraced the energy The Military Operations Re- Lt. Cmdr. John Sprague for a master in program manage- provement.” rent air campaign noting that Michael Boyd, Deputy Head of consumables. conservation subject,” said Boyd. search Society (MORS) Stephen walked away victorious for his ment (MSPM) in NPS’ Graduate “The study involved analyzing bombing alone cannot defeat the the USMC Engineer and Explo- “We have to change our ethos “[This] is something that would A. Tisdale Graduate Research thesis, “Optimal Scheduling of logbook records from Apache us- militant organization. sive Ordnance Disposal Advocacy of believing it’s an inexhaustible not be possible if the Naval Post- Award competition was held in Time-Shiftable Electric Loads ers, and reviewing improvement “The terrorist acts of the 90s Branch, was just one of several asset,” said Boyd. “We have to continued on page 6 Glasgow Hall, Aug. 27, recogniz- in Expeditionary Power Grids.” plans within the project office to ing the student whose thesis offers OR Program Officer Lt. Cmdr. see if the issues raised in the log- the most immediate or near-term Connor McLemore discussed book data are being addressed,” value to the U.S. or its allies. Sprague’s selection. he explained. CNO Strategic Studies Group Director Fellows Announced Retired Navy Capt. and NPS “In a nutshell, the DOD spends Logan recommends the MSPM Professor of Practice Wayne lots of money on fuel for gen- “to anyone who wants to learn A select group of seven Naval Postgraduate School students will soon NPS’ Department of Systems Engineering. He described the impact he is Hughes served as a judge on the erators that power environmen- more about program management be working directly for the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) on some of hoping to have on the Navy and how being a Director Fellow will have an award panel. tal control units [ECU],” said and is willing to work hard.” He the biggest issues facing the Navy thanks to their selection to this year’s impact on his career. “The MORS Tisdale award McLemore. “Fuel costs for ECU James B. “Brent” Logan is the latest credits the “outstanding” experi- CNO Strategic Studies Group. “I think it’s a great opportunity to recipient of the Outstanding Aca- Retired Vice Adm. James Wise- be able to apply real time engineer- is one of our most prestigious generators in Iraq alone cost well demic Achievement Award for DOD ence with “already help[ing] me awards for thesis accomplish- over $1 billion dollars per year. Lt. students. be more effective as an acquisition cup is the CNO SSG Director, and ing in a process where the military Cmdr. Sprague’s thesis described professional.” traveled to NPS to interview several generally lags,” said Otero. “This a way to centrally manage such School of Business and Public candidates. Wisecup, a former CNO experience will replace every eleva- generators resulting in fuel cost Policy. The Office of the Army Student Joins Expert Fellow himself, describes the “spark” tor conversation for the rest of my savings of several hundred mil- Director for Acquisition Career Panel to Discusses ISIS, that he was looking for in SSG career. No one is going to ask me lion dollars per year to the DOD.” Management, or Army DACM Options candidates. about what I did on the Enterprise Office, located within the U.S. The Naval Postgraduate “For me as the Director of the as a nuke, they are going to ask me Apache Engineer Takes Army Acquisition Support Cen- School’s Department of Defense SSG, I want people who aren’t afraid about CNO SSG.” Top DOD Student Award ter, sponsored his studies. Analysis, the Naval War College to stick their nose into a problem,” This year’s SSG35 Director Fel- CNO SSG Director retired Vice Adm. James P. Wisecup, center, and the recently- for Summer 2015 Logan, who works with the (NWC) Monterey, and the Global explained Wisecup. “It would be lows, and alternates, from NPS are Lt. Cmdr. John Sprague receives the selected CNO SSG Director Fellows from NPS. hard for me to lay out a laundry U.S. Navy officers Lt. Luis Aybar, Lt. MORS Tisdale Award, Sept. 15. James B. “Brent” Logan, a pro- Apache, the backbone of the Education Community Col- duction engineer with the Army’s Army’s attack helicopter fleet, laboration Online (GlobalECCO) list of qualities, which is part of the reason that I travel out here to meet Owen Brooks, Lt. James Carbaugh, Lt. Cmdr. Drew Hall, Lt. j.g. Allison ment and student participation Apache production and fielding collaborated with a three-person counter terrorism program hosted these people myself.” Hogarth, Lt. Kyle Kendall, Lt. Karl Kjono, Lt. Andres Otero, and Lt. Cmdr. in operations research [OR],” said group, received the Outstanding team to write the thesis that im- a panel discussion titled, “The Is- One of the selectees for this year’s SSG is Lt. Andres Otero, studying in Nate Robbins. Hughes. “[This year’s competi- Academic Achievement Award for pressed the award committee: lamic State: Remaining and Ex- 4 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 5 UNIVERSITY NEWS FACULTY SHOWCASE

continued from page 5 composition. térieures (Frontex), a European celerated, one-year mechanical Latest Warfare Innova- graduate School hadn’t taken “I think the academic commu- Union (EU) agency that facilitates engineering program as part of tion Workshop Focused this on and embraced it in such a nity is in a good position to con- cooperation between national a select group of 2015 Bowman on Asymmetric Warfare NPS Provost Honored With Navy meaningful way … It’s enlighten- tribute because they are inquisi- border guards throughout the Scholars. These officers earn spe- NPS’ Consortium for Robotics ing.” tive by nature and are creative in EU, illegal passage by sea through cial appointments to the Navy’s and Unmanned Systems Educa- Distinguished Civilian Service Award thinking about the challenges we the Mediterranean saw a 300 per- tion and Research (CRUSER) held U.S. Border Patrol Chief face,” he said. “I learn a lot from cent increase in 2015 compared to the latest edition of its popular University Provost Dr. Douglas A. Hensler BSE in Aerospace and Mechanical Sciences from Guest Lectures at CHDS these kinds of discussions.” 2014. Warfare Innovation Workshop received the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Princeton University, an MBA from the Univer- Education and collabora- The CCMR-coordinated (WIW) in Glasgow Hall, Sept. Award during a brief ceremony in Herrmann Hall, sity of Portland, and a Ph.D. in Finance from the tion are important components CCMR Helps Mediterra- workshop addressed this problem 21-24. NPS Warfare Innovation Sept. 28. Hensler retired from the institution to University of Washington. He is also a licensed to keeping the nation’s border nean Partners Address in conjunction with the Marshall Chair Navy Capt. Jeff Hyink dis- spend more time with his wife Janie and the rest professional engineer in Quality Engineering in secure, Chief of the U.S. Border Crisis in Illegal Migration Center and the Hellenic Coast cussed how past workshops have of his family in their home state of Oregon. the State of California. Hensler became the Naval Patrol (CBP) Michael J. Fisher Maritime security experts Guard with funding from the inspired student research and “As many of you have noticed I have moved Postgraduate School Provost in June 2013. told students in NPS’ Center for from some 19 littoral and asso- Counter Terrorism Fellowship Two of NPS’ Bowman Scholars, contributed to the quality of the around quite a bit in my career and I wouldn’t Homeland Defense and Security ciated Mediterranean nations, program. U.S. European Com- Ensigns Stephen Arceneaux, left, and NPS experience. be standing here without all the support from (CHDS) Executive Leaders Pro- international and regional law mand (EUCOM), particularly its Eric Bermudez. “We have many things that my wife, Janie. She has been my rock. This award gram (ELP), Aug. 12. enforcement and security orga- J9 Interagency Partnering Direc- come to NPS in the form of ques- really is a tribute to her,” said Hensler, with NPS During his 90-minute presen- nizations, U.S. Combatant Com- torate, was an important work- nuclear power training pipeline tions, challenges, money and ex- President retired Vice Adm. Ronald A. Route also tation Fisher discussed the chal- mands and think tanks recently shop participant. The EUCOM through the prestigious Adm. pertise,” said Hyink. “Innovation recognizing Janie Hensler with a Certificate of lenges facing the agency as well gathered in Athens, Greece to ad- J9 office leads EUCOM’s efforts Frank Bowman Scholars Pro- workshops bring your focus to Appreciation. as its risk-based approach to bor- gram. bare on a handful of these inputs.” “Our product at NPS is intellectual capital der security. The agency employs “When I was appointed a Bow- According to CRUSER Direc- knowledge. We create a special product for our technology and collaboration in man Scholar, I was most excited tor Dr. Ray Beuttner, the WIW students, and many people won’t understand the its mission to guard the nation’s about the expanded opportuni- intends to create real-world, real- nature of that product,” continued Hensler. “We boundaries. ties to further the Navy’s goals time changes in the Department need to educate those that don’t understand “The Border Patrol and DHS through research and continued of Defense. this, and how valuable our product truly is.” Provost Dr. Douglas Hensler accepts the Navy Distin- [Department of Homeland Se- education,” said Ensign Stephen “Our job is to not do what ev- Hensler’s academic achievements include a guished Civilian Service Award. curity] does not have the market Arceneaux. eryone else does in the Navy,” said cornered for getting us to a secure Ensign Eric Bermudez echoed border,” Fisher said prior to his this sentiment, noting he looks congratulating me, which makes dents and their families. She is a presentation. “We are heavily de- forward to expanding his knowl- me feel very good.” teacher, a mentor, and a true role pendent on a whole of government NPS CCMR gathers maritime security experts from several Mediterranean edge in cutting-edge fields, espe- The Hamming Award recog- model to her students.” nations to address the illegal human migration crisis. approach. We are really depen- cially unmanned systems design nizes NPS faculty members for Apte’s research interests in dent on our state, local and tribal dress the growing crisis created by to integrate agencies, academics, and controls. outstanding teaching, excellence HADR operations led her to de- partners. It’s not taking a back seat illegal human migration through NGOs, and private sector part- “The study of robotics and in thesis supervision, and for the velop and teach an acclaimed and saying ‘when are you guys go- the Mediterranean Sea. ners with a “Whole of Society” control systems has always fas- strength of their contributions to course on the subject. She has ing to fix this?’ The environment “What has been going on in approach to illegal migration and cinated me, and I’m looking for- advised nearly 100 students com- is too complex for one component Europe since 2014 is not only an other issues. ward to learning the science be- pleting 46 theses, eight of which within one agency within one de- unprecedented surge in the num- “This conference was another hind the technology and working were recognized as outstand- ber of illegal migrants and asylum important step in our efforts with the vast amount of tools here ing by GSBPP, and two of which Capt. Jeff Hyink presents at the 2015 Warfare Innovation Workshop. seekers,” says retired Italian Rear to build interagency consensus at NPS to accomplish my degree earned the Surface Navy Associa- Adm. Alberto Cervone. “Mi- among allies and partners for and thesis,” said Bermudez. Buettner. “We are looking for dif- and is funded through the Office tion Award for Academic Excel- grants have died in their attempt a collaborative approach to ad- Selected during their junior ferent ideas and we’re trying to of Naval Research. lence in Surface Warfare. to cross the Mediterranean, in dressing maritime transnational year at the Naval Academy, Bow- create environments where new numbers never seen before, and security threats in the Mediter- man Scholars perform an ad- things can happen. Professor Aruna Apte Faculty Experience the the European Union has been held ranean,” said J9 Liaison to NATO vanced research internship and “Engineers and scientists Honored With Hamming Navy Firsthand Through responsible for their fate.” and the EU, ret. U.S. Army Lt. Col. a special research-based learning working for the government cre- Award Scientists at Sea Program “Between January and April Chris Kremidas. opportunity prior to graduating ated the predecessor to the In- Graduate School of Business Dr. Aruna Apte NPS Department of Informa- U.S. Border Patrol Chief Michael Fish- of 2015, some 1,600 fatalities from the academy. Most Bow- ternet and then industry took off and Public Policy (GSBPP) As- tion Sciences Research Associate er speaks at NPS CHDS, Aug. 12. were reported in the Mediterra- Ensigns Continue Ad- man Scholars then attend the ac- with it. Robotics and unmanned sociate Professor Aruna Apte has NPS students beyond the class- Professor Ying Zhao and Lecturer partment to take on.” nean. People are really desperate. vanced Education at NPS celerated program here at NPS. systems will do the same thing,” been awarded the 2015 Richard room. Tony Kendall joined fellow scien- Speaking at educational pro- They’re willing to take the risk,” Through Bowman Scholar Following graduation, Arceneaux he added. W. Hamming Award for Achieve- “Dr. Apte is by far one of the tists on board USS Howard (DDG grams offers Fisher an oppor- added retired Navy Capt. and Lec- Program and Bermudez will attend Nuclear As directed by the Secretary of ment in Teaching. best professors I have had,” said 83) for an embarkation of the Sci- tunity to communicate CBP’s turer Timothy Doorey with NPS’ The summer quarter brought Power School in Goose Creek, the Navy, CRUSER supports the “I’m very thrilled to receive U.S. Marine Corps Maj. Joshua entists to Sea program. The effort mission and approach while also Center for Civil Military Relations a crop of fresh-faced Ensigns di- S.C., for further training and early Navy’s mission through educa- this award,” said Apte. “I have Gregory. “On multiple occasions, provides academics and scientists learning from the diverse profes- (CCMR). rectly from the U.S. Naval Acad- selection into the Nuclear Navy. tion and research in the fields of received more than 50 e-mails, she has taken time out of her own who work on advanced defense sions comprising the ELP student According to Frontières Ex- emy, all participating in an ac- unmanned systems and robotics some of them from my students, schedule to get to know her stu- continued on page 8 6 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 7 FACULTY SHOWCASE FACULTY SHOWCASE

recognition during the 29th An- gone on to hold high-ranking micro-sensors. this title,” said Yost. “After many rmann Hall, Sept. 11. Millsaps bids nual AIAA SmallSat Conference positions in the Navy’s various “I was not expecting this,” years as a professor, my responsi- farewell to NPS after 23 years on Space Systems Professor Assumes in Logan, Utah, Aug. 13. NPS col- directed energy programs,” said said Karunasiri, who was named bilities remain the same. I teach campus to serve in the Senior Ex- laborated with California Poly- Cohn. “This award recognizes the Fellow after his first nomination and conduct research about Euro- ecutive Service. Position of Acting Provost totality of this body of work and to the APS. Only one-half of one pean politics and security issues.” “While I am happy to be mov- influence.” Those issues include matters of ing on to face new challenges and Space Systems Academic Group (SSAG) Pro- current times of fairly stringent fiscal and budget- Past DEPG students include a strategic import like military de- opportunities, I will miss many as- fessor James H. Newman officially assumed the ary constraints.” number of notable leaders in the terrence, missile defense, and the pects of NPS,” said Millsaps. “NPS position of Acting Provost, Oct. 5. As he steps into Newman has been an enthusiastic teacher DE and EW fields, such as retired organizational structures of allied has a unique mission and a really his new role on campus, he noted his first order and researcher on campus in his role as Professor Navy Capt. Roger McGinnis, for- forces. Yost has found a receptive special faculty and staff that serves of business is to continue the efforts of former and Associate Chair of the SSAG especially in the mer director of the NAVSEA Di- audience in the students who rely that mission.” university Provost Dr. fields of small satellites rected Energy office; retired Navy upon him to make sense of orga- Millsaps has served in various Douglas A. Hensler, who and orbital mechanics. Space systems research assistant Capt. Dave Kiel, former program nizations like NATO and the Eu- Wenschel Lan retired from the institu- While his new responsi- manager for the Laser Weapon ropean Union. tion in early October to bilities of Acting Provost technic State University, San Luis System (LaWS); and recent gradu- “NPS students are preparing Dr. Gamani Karunasiri spend more time with his will dominate his time, Obispo, the Georgia Institute of ates like Cmdr. Ricardo Vigil, who to work with U.S. allies and part- family. he does still intend to Technology in Atlanta, and both is working on a next generation ners around the world,” said Yost. “My first responsibil- continue some teaching government and industry repre- laser weapon that will eventually percent of all APS members are “They are highly motivated to ity is to continue Provost and research in space sentatives on the project. replace the LaWS. named fellows. learn about ongoing and emerg- Hensler’s work as Provost systems. SSAG has had a hand in put- “The recognition of our group “I’m an experimentalist work- ing security issues, and about the and Academic Dean, in “While Acting Provost, ting 33 small satellites into space. illustrates NPS’ value to the Navy, ing primarily on sensors in three challenges of working with allies particular, to maintain I intend to keep up This was its first launch from especially with respect to cutting different areas, one of which is and partners in various types of the academic standards Acting Provost Dr. James Newman with the Space Systems Cape Canaveral, Florida. edge technologies like directed THz [tetrahertz] imaging,” said operations.” and accreditation at program here at NPS,” Karunasiri. “I think we have cre- Since joining NPS in 1979, NPS,” Newman said. “There is much the Provost Newman said. “My teaching and applied research Physics Professors ated a very good sensor. Now we Yost has served as the lead advisor is expected to do, but at the core of this respon- in the fields of very small satellites is important to Honored With Presti- need to package it for field use.” or co-advisor on 171 master’s the- Dr. Knox Millsaps sibility is supporting the education of our Navy me and valuable for the Navy, and I will continue gious Electronic Warfare Karunasiri has mentored five ses and received the Outstanding and Marine Corps officers, and their joint service to work with thesis students and the research in Award PhD students, supervised more Research Achievement Recogni- academic, directorship and chair- and international colleagues, especially in our the lab whenever possible.” NPS, Directed Energy Physics than 40 master students, and co- man positions at NPS from 1992 to Group (DEPG), Research Asso- supervised many others. the present. He has advised nearly ciate Professor Joseph Blau, Re- “They are the next generation. 100 students over that span, and continued from page 7 Department of Physics faculty Drs. the process.” very professional, and very knowl- search Assistant Professor Keith Joseph Blau, Keith Cohn, and William I need to train them to do research says it’s one of the aspects of his technology with a first-hand view “I think researchers need to be edgeable about the ship and its Cohn and Distinguished Profes- Colson, from left properly. That is why I always go tenure at NPS that he will greatly of naval vessels and systems in ac- more out in the fleet as a sanity combat systems aboard.” sor Emeritus William Colson, has down to the lab to participate miss. tion. check,” added Kendall. “We were been honored with the Associa- energy,” said Blau. with them,” said Karunasiri. “It “I will miss the officer students “We were able to see what not unwelcomed visitors, rather SSAG Gets Lift in Small tion of Old Crows Technology De- The Association of Old Crows is important for them to think in- the most,” Millsaps noted. “Teach- exactly is needed on a Navy de- we were part of the Plan of the Satellite Mission of the velopment Award in the directed is an organization of individu- dependently. I guide them in the ing in the classroom was always stroyer, as well as the current Day and we could see anyone and Year Competition energy category. als with common interests in beginning and then let them carry Dr. David Yost very enjoyable, but the one-on-one go anywhere we wanted. Even the Space Systems Academic “It’s meaningful to us that our electronic warfare, information [the work] forward.” interactions with my thesis stu- captain made himself available for Group Research Assistant Wen- accomplishments are being recog- operations, and other informa- tion four times. He is the author dents were really special. questions and later even came by schel Lan was part of a team of nized by an organization whose tion-related capabilities. With Distinguished Professor of over 200 publications and has “I’ve had the tremendous op- and discussed our follow on ques- researchers in the LightSail Space- scope is much broader than the members in 47 countries, AOC’s Honors Conferred at held fellowships from Fulbright, portunity to have about 100 master, tions.” craft Test Mission recently named DE [directed energy] field that we membership includes executives, Graduation Ceremony NATO, the Council on Foreign mechanical engineer, and doctoral The scientists’ host on the ship Mission of the Year by the Ameri- work in,” said Cohn. “It could en- scientists, engineers, managers, NPS Department of National Relations, the Woodrow Wilson students during my 23 years on the was plenty familiar with NPS, can Institute of Aeronautics and able us to establish relationships operators, educators and military Security Affairs Professor Da- International Center for Scholars, faculty,” he continued. “Probably USS Howard Commanding Offi- Astronautics (AIAA). with others who work in related personnel. vid Yost was formerly conferred and the United States Institute of second to that is the young faculty cer Capt. John Fay graduated from “We redesigned the [satellite’s] EW [electronic warfare] fields, the title of Distinguished Profes- Peace. I hired as department Chairman, the Department of Information splitter auxiliary device for this potentially leading to new collab- NPS Physics Professor sor during the university’s Sum- who will carry the torch for de- Faculty see the Navy first-hand Sciences in 2004, and shared great mission,” said Lan. “NPS plays an orations that would enhance our Named Fellow by Ameri- mer Quarter Commencement Long-Time Faculty cades to come and make NPS even through Scientists at Sea program. memories of his time on campus integral part in pushing the limits research and benefit our students, can Physical Society ceremony in King Auditorium, Member Appointed to better.” with the visiting professors. of existing [small satellite] tech- NPS and the Navy.” NPS Department of Physics Sept. 25. Yost was recognized for SES Millsaps’ appointment to the state-of-the-art with the Aegis “[Capt. Fay] is a proud alum- nology and the knowledge base in The DEPG has been studying Professor Gamani Karunasiri has his scholarly contributions to NPS Department of Mechani- Senior Executive Service was an- combat system,” said Zhao. “We nus of NPS, and he represents the the aerospace industry.” directed energy at NPS for the last been named a Fellow of the Amer- NPS, the Department of Defense, cal and Aerospace Engineering nounced in the July issue of “Ex- were particularly interested in best of our school and commu- The Planetary Society’s citi- 25 years. Nearly 100 students have ican Physical Society (APS). Karu- NATO and academic institutions (MAE) Professor and past Chair ecutive Anchors.” He will serve as the process of combat ID deci- nity,” said Zhao. “He has many zen-funded LightSail Spacecraft received advanced degrees under nasiri has become well known in around the world. Dr. Knox Millsaps was presented the director of the Office of Naval sion making, and how big data fond memories of NPS, and his Test Mission was one of 11 small the group’s guidance. his field for efforts in the develop- “I feel profoundly grateful and with the Navy Superior Civilian Research Aerospace Science Re- and deep learning might improve adviser, Dr. Alex Bordetsky. He is satellite projects nominated for “Many of these students have ment of quantum detectors and honored to have been awarded Service Award in front of Her- search Division. 8 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 9 DRMI to stay relevant over this period of incredible change is a remark- spective defense ministries and departments. able testament,” he said. “Countries that had previously been in the orbit of the Soviet Union The Navy Management Systems Center, which eventually became became new democratic states. When countries in the Balkans, Poland, DRMI, was established in 1963 by then Secretary of Defense Robert Hungary and Slovakia gained independence they looked to the U.S. McNamara. Before he became the leader of DOD, McNamara was the to help them with their educational programs, and DRMI was called CEO of the Ford Motor Company, and he attempted to apply some of upon,” said Blandin. the private sector economic principles that led to his successes at Ford And while DRMI has been offering courses to international stu- to the DOD. dents from nearly day one, on the heels of its successes among the for- “McNamara installed the Planning, Programming and Budgeting mer Soviet Republics, it increased its mobile course offerings, bringing System [PPBS], which is still in use today. It requires good economic DRMI and NPS expertise to more than 70 different nations worldwide. analysis, because the main problem in defense economics is the alloca- DRMI International Programs Coordinator Al Polley believes there are tion of scarce resources among many competing interests under con- several benefits to bringing DRMI courses to allied nations. ditions of uncertainty,” explained NPS Professor Emeritus Dr. James “Teaching abroad is efficient. We can teach 30-40 people for what Blandin. it would cost to teach only three people attending a resident course at Blandin, whose father was one of DRMI’s founders, taught at NPS NPS. When teaching overseas, we also benefit from our ability to use for 34 years. He notes that McNamara’s push to implement the PPBS local interpreters to overcome language barriers and are able to tailor system was frustrated by a lack of people qualified to use it. As a result, our courses to issues relevant to our host nation,” said Polley. McNamara directed the founding of a center that could be used to de- As McCord, and other defense leaders spanning five decades, can velop people with the skills necessary to realize his vision. The decision attest, DRMI has made a lasting contribution to the DOD’s ability to to stand-up that center at NPS was driven by recognition of the NPS allocate and manage defense resources and has helped to shape the de- faculty’s experience in defense-focused graduate education. fense departments and ministries of allied nations around the world. Later, during President Lyndon Johnson’s administration, a PPBS system similar to the one used by the DOD was enacted throughout the federal government, and civilians began to join DOD professionals at NPS to receive the education necessary to ensure its success. In Review – NPS’ Defense DRMI rose to McNamara’s challenge and remains true to its core mission. Resources Management Faculty from the Naval Postgraduate School’s Defense Resources Management Institute (DRMI) gather for a group photo in front of the Like the university itself, however, DRMI has also extended its fac- institute’s spaces in Halligan Hall. DRMI celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2015, established in 1965 by then Secretary of Defense Robert ulty expertise to our international partners by providing resource man- Institute McNamara. agement courses to allied defense professionals from around the world. “[DRMI’s] international participation has been invaluable to the The Defense Resources Management Institute U.S. It creates a linkage between the U.S. and other nations, and we (DRMI) conducts professional education programs have had some illustrious people come through and go on to do some in analytical decision making and resources pretty amazing things … Over the years, we have received a tremen- management for military officers of all services, NPS’ Defense Resources Management Institute Turns 50 dous value for the dollar that we spend [at DRMI],” said McCord. and senior civilian officials of the United States and abroad. In 1970, NPS offered its first Senior International Defense Man- DRMI was established in 1965 as an educational institution by By Kenneth A. Stewart agement Course, or SIDMC. SIDMCs are comprised of senior defense the Secretary of Defense. leaders from around the world who gather to listen to a variety of sub- After 50 years, and more than 50,000 students, DRMI continues DRMI graduates include prominent world leaders like His Majesty ject matter experts, NPS faculty, and each other for four weeks at NPS. DRMI Goal providing U.S. and international partners with a one-of-a-kind profes- King Abdullah of Jordan, ministers of defense, ambassadors, and other SIDMC students also participate in an exercise designed to test their Enhance the effective allocation and use of resources in modern sional education program in analytical decision making and resources dignitaries from around the globe. ability to allocate resources amongst competing interests. defense organizations. management. “Our goal is to develop a broad-based analytical framework for “If we’re successful, the participants will think about their national The Defense Resources Management Institute (DRMI) at the Naval defense decision makers emphasizing the economic and efficient al- security at a strategic level, and gain a new perspective and additional DRMI Principal Focus Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, Calif., is celebrating 50 years location of defense resources, and to provide an environment for the tools for managing their organization’s resources to respond to con- Develop an understanding and appreciation of the concepts, of educating defense leaders with an eye toward creating sound fiscal comparative exchange of ideas related to the management of national se- temporary security challenges,” said Associate Professor Eva Regnier. techniques, and analytical decision making skills related to policy and the ef- curity,” said DRMI Assistant Minister for Plans, Policy and Operations Victoria K. defense resources management. ficient allocation of Director Dr. Natalie Sawyer with the Liberian Ministry of Defense is a SIDMC graduate. precious defense re- “Our goal is to develop a broad-based analytical framework for defense Webb. “This sort of international cooperation helps to change minds and Courses Offered sources. decision makers emphasizing the economic and efficient allocation of Under Secre- creates greater understanding,” said Sawyer. “Strategic planning, value Defense Resources Management • International Defense Man- DRMI’s mission defense resources, and to provide an environment for the comparative tary of Defense for cost thinking, decision making, and most importantly, accountabil- agement • Senior International Defense Management Course can perhaps be best (Comptroller) and ity and transparency … That is what my country needs most. • Multiple Criteria Decision Making Course • Risk Management summed up in the exchange of ideas related to the management of national security.” Chief Financial Of- SIDMC successes at DRMI led to the creation of the International Course • Performance Management and Budgeting Course • words of former Brit- Dr. Natalie Webb ficer, the Honorable Defense Management Course (IDMC) in 1971. Like the SIDMC, the Human Capital Resources Management Course ish Prime Minister Executive Director, DRMI Mike McCord re- IDMC aims to arm students from allied nations with resource manage- Winston Churchill cently weighed in on ment and other fiscal planning tools, but it is geared toward mid-level Notable Graduates who said, “Gentlemen, we have run out of money. Now we have to DRMI’s continued contributions toward the education of DOD policy officers and defense civilians. King of Jordan • President of Albania • President of Lebanon • think.” makers during a celebration honoring DRMI’s 50th anniversary. When the Soviet Union fell in 1991, demand for DRMI expertise Colombian Ambassador to South Korea • Lithuanian Minister of Since its first course in 1965, DRMI has educated 34,841 U.S. stu- “Many things have changed over the last 50 years, from the Cold increased further. Former Soviet republics began to turn to the U.S. Defense • Malawi Minister of Defense • Several Chiefs/Deputy dents and 20,258 international students from 171 different nations. War to a man walking on the moon and the fall of the Berlin Wall. For for assistance as they developed new economic policies within their re- Chiefs of the General Staff

10 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 11 typical, straight-laced, toe-the-line military man would be to dismiss plained. “I am not blaming this on anybody, but if your enemy does not much of what would ultimately lead to his success as a military leader. fear you and thinks that you are not going to stay the course, then they McChrystal’s career, from his oft-in-trouble days at the U.S. Military are willing to put up with things for a long, long time. Academy at West Point to his penchant for challenging the status quo “American credibility, sense of resolve and sense of ability are not in Iraq and Afghanistan, reveals a man who was anything but typical. what they once were. They’re going to have to be rebuilt, not by a speech He learned early on to think independently, and throughout his or a paper … but by patient long-term action,” McChrystal continued. career, the advantages of doing so were re-enforced. In Western Iraq, McChrystal discusses many of his ideas in his latest book, “Team of McChrystal was charged with defeating Sadaam Hussein’s SCUD mis- Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World” in which he siles, something that “proved to be unbelievably difficult,” he said. calls for a radical redesign of organizations. “We studied the system and tried to go after the SCUDs. We weren’t “You cannot just empower people to go down and execute unless hugely successful, we suppressed more than we destroyed, but it was you empower them with an unprecedented level of information, what very instructional for me,” McChrystal explained, because it was a we call ‘shared consciousness.’ It’s transparency at a level that gives strategic level operation with tactical complexity. The SCUD operation people a contextual understanding,” explained McChrystal. would lead McChrystal to adopt a systems approach to military tactics Before answering questions directly from the NPS student audience, that would surface again at later dates in both Afghanistan and Iraq. McChrystal touched on the importance of human capital and empathy, After 9/11, McChrystal led forces during Operations Iraqi Freedom arguing that it is critically important to know people and to understand and Enduring Freedom, conflicts that Arquilla called “campaigns in the background and information that they are relying upon to make the world’s first great war between nations and networks.” decisions. “I was put in command of Joint Special Operations Command “The moment you think ‘they just don’t get it,’ you are really in (JSOC) in October of 2003 and went over to Iraq. [But] there was a trouble,” he said. group of people who said the war is over, JSOC should come home,” McChrystal said, but he disagreed with that sentiment. “I toured all of the bases and was literally floored … We were just not organized to accomplish the scope of what we were trying to do,” he continued. “We were not focused. We were doing these short tours with NPS Legacies Exhibit in good people and good intentions, but not the right people, at the right time, with the right level of seriousness. Development at Dudley NPS Professor John Arquilla, left, and retired U.S. Army Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal, right, discuss McChrystal’s famed military career and “I said, ‘this is going to get ugly and it’s going to be a long fight.’ I felt his call for greater citizenship during a Secretary of the Navy Guest Lecture at King Auditorium, July 15. Arquilla likened the occasion to that I could see where this was going … I came to the conclusion that Knox Library a meeting with Gens. Patton, Bradley or Eisenhower 70 years ago. we were going to have to take a very different approach.” McChrystal again found himself following a systemic approach to Naval Postgraduate School Professor of Practice retired Navy WATCH THE INTERVIEW: YOUTUBE.COM/NPSVIDEO strategy. “We were doing the best we could, going out at night and hit- Capt. Wayne Hughes donated an extensive collection of his ting targets, but the war kept getting worse,” he said. “The first thing personal journals, research notebooks and correspondence, that we had to do to was to create a consensus amongst the leaders to encompassing six decades of his own development as a naval change and to galvanize ourselves to understand that we as a group had officer and strategist to the university’s Dudley Knox Library A Warrior’s Legacy – McChrystal Shares His Story to figure out what we were going to do.” (DKL) for an upcoming exhibit entitled, “NPS Legacies.” By Kenneth A. Stewart Change would come … He and members of his leadership team were able to get units, operating largely independently due to techno- DKL staff say the treasure trove of documentation illustrates logical shortcomings and isolation, to come together forming a single Hughes’ transition from junior officer to renowned strategist. Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates referred to him as “per- “This is a really special occasion,” said Arquilla. “If this were 70 network that could face an enemy as a unified force. haps the finest leader of men in combat I have ever met.” years ago, it would be like being able to get together with Omar Bradley, McChrystal eventually came to the conclusion that he was not fight- “As I leaf through Capt. Hughes’ diaries, school notebooks, Retired U.S. Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal’s military resume George Patton or Dwight Eisenhower.” ing a hierarchy, but rather a largely flat network that shared informa- other notations and the reams of correspondence that he wrote speaks for itself. He led a coalition of 45 nations as the commander of In these last nearly 14 years of conflict, Arquilla continued, Gen. tion, propaganda and other sources of information immediately over over 60 years, I can witness his transformation from being a U.S. and International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF) in Afghani- McChrystal has been at the heart of U.S. campaigns and his presence commercial networks. He witnessed this agile enemy react to what young naval officer … to a man who is refining his intellect and stan, ran the Joint Special Operations Command, and chased SCUD on campus offers an incredible opportunity to NPS students. During their peers were doing on an immediate scale, leveraging the expertise becoming a supreme naval strategist,” said Jason Leyk. launchers during the the candid, and at of others outside Iraq. Gulf War, just to times humorous dis- Once that realization was made, McChrystal said, he and his forces In Hughes’ own words, his development as an officer was born name a few high- You cannot just empower people to go down and execute unless you cussion, McChrystal were able to counter it, and he would later draw upon those lessons of pushing boundaries and thinking deeply about naval chal- lights. empower them with an unprecedented level of information, what we presented a series of learned while leading a 45-nation coalition in Afghanistan. lenges. Since retiring call ‘shared consciousness.’ It’s transparency at a level that gives people snapshots from his In Afghanistan, as in Iraq, McChrystal faced a local population from the Army, past, sharing what that was frustrated and had lost confidence in both the coalition and “I believe the development and maturity of an officer won’t McChrystal has a contextual understanding.” Arquilla called his in its own government. To complicate matters further, coalition allies come with sunbathing thoughts, but with challenging oneself, been writing books, Retired Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal “origin story.” became restless upon realizing that they had committed to something with thinking of far-reaching operational and tactical matters,” teaching leadership Former Commander, International Security Assistance Force Afghanistan The son and far more volatile than peacekeeping. Hughes said. at Yale University, grandson of career “We had a crisis in confidence … When people are unconfident they and calling for greater citizen engagement through the Franklin Proj- military men and the oldest of six brothers, who all served in the mili- hedge their bets,” he said. Leyk, a seasoned researcher who came to NPS from the National ect. He sat down with Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Department tary, and a sister who married a Soldier, McChrystal’s was the poster In McChrystal’s estimation, that same “crisis in confidence” is a Archives, is working with NPS Special Collections Manager of Defense Analysis (DA) Professor Dr. John Arquilla, July 14, in the family of military families. “I [even] married a girl whose father was a large part of the calculus that affects the ability of regional and Western John Sanders on the Hughes collection and the “NPS Legacies” university’s King Auditorium to share his perspective with students, Soldier and her brothers were Soldiers. You get the picture,” he quipped. powers to counter the so-called Islamic State. exhibit. They hope to open the exhibit by early 2016. and to articulate his vision for the future. But to surmise from his upbringing that McChrystal was your “It’s starting to be a lack of American credibility,” McChrystal ex- 12 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 13 REDEFINING SWARM INTERACTIONS

TWO SWARM OPERATORS SOFTWARE st fifty OPEN SOURCE ECOSYSTEM 1 MANAGES • Onboard and ground software built on top Responsible for execution & of open source software, including Linux, UAVs of swarm behaviors Ardupilot, and Robot Operating System M s nd r a o n Operators t y • Benefit from crowdsourcing for fixing a MONITORS counting r U 2 e A software bugs and testing new features p V Responsible for swarm o s ny - F health (battery, altitudes) Ma ew NPS’ Advanced Robotic Systems Engineering Labo- s - op SYSTEMS UAV erat ratory (ARSENL) successfully flew 50 autonomous HARDWARE Few ors unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) simultaneously, MODULAR SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE • Separate software components control flight, EXTREMELY LOW-COST UAV PLATFORM DESIGN Aug. 27, setting what is believed to be a world re- handle commands from the operator, and • Hobby-grade R/C components, including servos, motor, and batteries AUTOMATED MULTI-PLANE PROPULSION SYSTEM cord for UAVs controlled by a single operator. The coordinate swarming behavior with other planes • Widely-available autopilot running open source software (A.M.P.P.S.) 50 UAVs were launched and flown autonomously in • Modular controllers for different swarm • Student-driven research, design, and development. two 25-unit sub-swarms, and guided using ARSENL- behaviors, including follow-the-leader, • Small, single board computer runs autonomy software on a processor with capabilities similar to a smartphone developed operator interfaces. The UAVs performed distributed search, and sequenced landing SOFTWARE • Custom printed circuit board distributes power and minimizes wiring basic leader-follower cooperative behaviors and ex- • Integrated failsafes ensure that plane remains in LAUNCHER SOFTWARE CONNECTS TO PLANES AND TO changed information amongst themselves via wire- designated arena and lands automatically if any • 3D printed parts can be upgraded easily as the design evolves GROUND OPERATOR less links. subsystem fails during flight • Launcher is capable of reading RFID tag on each plane POWER SOURCE • Able to communicate directly with plane and with ground operator Up next, ARSENL Director Dr. Timothy Chung hopes LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES for coordinated takeoff. to advance control algorithms for his swarming • Powers avionics and electric motor UAVs. Ultimately, the ARSENL team is leading to- • Quickly rechargeable for repeated flights ward a swarm vs. swarm, 50 vs. 50 UAV challenge next summer.

COMMUNICATIONS PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING FOR 56-inch foam wing DISTRIBUTED SWARMS • WiFi-based communications allows planes to broadcast their position and flight status, and to receive commands from the ground operator • Once commanded, planes can coordinate swarm behavior among themselves SENSORS 3D printed landing skids CONTROLS • Communications are designed to function in SAFETY MECHANISMS MOVING TOWARD COMPUTER VISION FOR TRACKING • Human operator performs each launch the face of lost messages • Planes are equipped with sensors for position, altitude, speed, and orientation with a two-button wireless controller MECHANICAL • Backup link allows communication directly • Each plane broadcasts its position to other planes to coordinate maneuvers between ground and individual planes • Launcher detects obstacles within ELECTRIC CHAIN-DRIVEN LAUNCH • Nose-mounted cameras are used to capture video during flight for later analysis launch zone and prevents takeoff • Plane is placed on launch rails and attached to a motor-driven chain • R/C receiver allows pilot to take manual control of any plane if it experiences a problem in flight • Working with researchers in computer vision to automatically detect and follow • Motor accelerates plane from rest to 35 miles per hour in eight feet other planes based on video • Rechargeable launcher batteries provide 200 amps during each launch • Launcher is drivable, can be turned into favorable winds for takeoff

EVOLUTION OF SWARM UAV CAPABILITIES SWARM PHASES OF OPERATION 08/2012 – First Zephyr flight MISSION CHALLENGES LEADER-FOLLOWER BEHAVIOR 05/2013 – Flew 10 Procerus Unicorn UAVs (matching previous-known record for most simultaneous CLIMBOUT • Aim is to launch and fly 50 planes together in 1 - For each follower UAV: 08/2015 – 50 FLOWN TOGETHER UAVs) in order to understand logistics and technical a swarm 2 . . . . 1. Get current heading of the leader UAV constraints of operating multiple aircraft. . . . . • Limited battery life constrains flight time to 3 2. Compute leader UAVs’ expected position 07/2015 – 30 flown together 11/2013 – First autonomous launch of Zephyr II INGRESS ...... 45-50 minutes 4 in the future 5 . . . . 3. Determine a fixed distance and 12/2013 – First time a companion computer • Once launched, aircraft will perform two SWARM MISSION 6 ...... relative bearing offset from the 05/2015 – 20 flown together (“payload”) and WiFi were integrated follow-the-leader formations, each consisting onboard the aircraft 7 ...... leader’s future position (e.g. “follow of 25 planes 8 ...... directly behind, 50 meters”) EGRESS • All aircraft must be launched in less than 30 9 . . . . 4. Specific new commanded position for 04/2015 – 12 flown together 04/2014 – First autonomous landing of Zephyr II minutes to successfully swarm and land safely 10 ...... follower UAV 02/2015 – Up to 9 flown together 05/2014 – 2 Zephyrs flown together LANDING

11/2014 – Up to 6 flown together ematical disciplines,” explained Hernandez. “E2O provides a venue in NPS student Marine Corps Capt. Daniel Katzman has taken a dif- which students can apply their newly-acquired technical skills. These ferent approach to tackling the Marine Corps’ energy challenges. While opportunities reinforce classroom lessons at NPS and crystallizes them working on his master’s in electrical engineering, he chose to explore for real problems. the Marine Corps’ potential uses of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide “At the same time, NPS is able to identify its own knowledge gaps,” (CIGS), which are used in the production of thin-filmed solar cells. he continued. “It highlights areas that NPS can strengthen in its aca- “CIGS are more robust than traditional solar cells and more dif- demic programs to continue to be a relevant education and research ficult for Marines to break,” said Katzman. “They are something that arm for the naval community and the Department of Defense.” has been around for a long time, but they have not been as efficient as One of those students is Marine Corps Capt. Michael Herendeen. typical solar cells.” He is using his thesis in the Graduate School of Business and Public Katzman’s research was born from the realization that forward Policy (GSBPP) to look for fuel saving efficiencies by optimizing the deployed Marines have become increasingly burdened by power re- manner in which the Marine Corps deploys its premiere combat unit - quirements and battery inventories. He believes that solar cells have the Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB). the capability to simultaneously lessen supply chains and significantly Herendeen’s thesis, “Movement of Fuel Ashore: Storage, Capacity, lighten loads for expeditionary units. One novel use of CIGS being ex- Throughput & Distribution Analysis,” explores the manner in which plored by Katzman is the concept of a solar-powered blanket. fuel is moved ashore during MEB operations. He notes that in the ab- “The overall efficiency of this new device is expected to exceed 24 sence of contracted fuel delivery, the Marine Corps’ fuel delivery opera- percent, which is almost double today’s performance, with great poten- tions are limited. tial for further improvements with higher output at a low manufactur- “In light of that problem set, I am looking at how we vary utiliza- ing cost and light weight,” said Katzman. “I think CIGS hold promise tion rates and how we use our equipment in those operations. I want for the future of the Marine Corps as we seek to reduce our reliance on to understand how a marginal change in how we conduct operations fossil fuels.” mitigates the issue. Solar blankets But Herendeen and other CIGS- is not just looking at based, solar energy how fuel is brought The academic community here at NPS provides outstanding benefit harnessing devices ashore. He is looking to the Marine Corps and the job of the Expeditionary Energy Office. are relatively inex- at how it is used once Those benefits include things like getting students to study in the pensive and may it gets there as well. offer a practical “It’s less conser- energy space, and not specifically in engineering, but in areas like solution to Marine U.S. Marine Corps Capts. Daniel Katzman and Michael Herendeen, front left to right, are working with NPS Associate Professor and vation and more operations analysis and in the business school where students are Corps energy needs. ret. U.S. Army Col. Andy Hernandez, center, to apply their diverse respective areas of study to the Expeditionary Energy Office needs. operational effi- They also appear Katman is looking into different solar cell technologies, while Herendeen is performing an optimization study into fuel efficiency. looking at different practices.” ciency,” Herendeen to show particular Marine Corps Col. Jim Caley explained. For exam- Director, USMC Expeditionary Energy Office utility in the solar ple, when you land a energy rich areas in MEB, and move all of which the Marine its associated equipment ashore, there are a lot of decisions that have to Corps is currently operating. be made. When do it move ashore? Who goes ashore? What do they do “When you look at where the Marine Corps has conducted opera- NPS, Marine Corps Partnership when they get there? tions in recent years, it has tended to be in areas where there is a ready “Conservation is one of way putting it, but it’s really about how to supply of solar energy that, if harvested, could be used to provide power Enhances Readiness Through Education efficiently use our forces given our [fuel] capacity issues,” added Her- for Marine operations,” said Katzman. By Kenneth A. Stewart endeen. Katzman also believes that CIGS are well suited to the Marine Corps Herendeen is utilizing the Marine Air-Ground Task Force power because they are relatively easy to make – they are sprayed on in a pro- and energy model (MAGTF) to conduct his analysis of MEB force com- cess known as chemical vapor deposition – and because of their width In 2009, then Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. James Con- required a pool of operationally-savvy academics with the right mix of position and deployment options. The MAGTF helps him to analyze and flexibility. CIGS can be sprayed on everything from uniforms, to way declared energy a top priority. Mere weeks later, the U.S. Marine officer students and researchers with the time and ability to explore the fuel outputs down to the gallon per MEB vehicle, and allows him to camouflage netting or the exteriors of tents. Corps’ Expeditionary Energy Office (E2O) was born and tasked with Marine Corps’ most demanding energy challenges. The Marine Corps forecast the demand side of various MEB deployment options. Katzman is using a Technical Computer Aided Design (TCAD) pro- analyzing, developing and directing the Marine Corps’ energy strategy. found just that combination at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). “Right now we are looking at five different force compositions. gram to improve CIGS efficiency and to determine their optimal usage “The expeditionary energy office works for the Commandant of “The academic community here at NPS provides outstanding ben- What differs between them is when you land certain elements of com- during Marine Corps operations. the Marine Corps with a mission to innovate and develop the Marine efit to the Marine Corps and the job of the Expeditionary Energy Of- bat power, specifically different unit types,” noted Herendeen. “For ex- “The program solves all of the underlying, physics-based equations Corps’ energy strategy,” said current E2O Director Col. Jim Caley. fice,” said Caley. “Those benefits include things like getting students to ample, do we land as many tanks as we can on day one, or do we phase allowing us to adjust parameters to give us an idea of why a cell is oper- As head of the program, Caley says the work he does is about di- study in the energy space, and not specifically in engineering, but in tank deployments out between day one and day 50? ating in a particular way,” explained Katzman. rectly supporting the Marine Corps’ primary mission. While conserva- areas like operations analysis and in the business school where students “We have spread that methodology throughout the whole spectrum According to Hernandez, it is the combination of student research tion is a priority, he says, his work is not about creating a ‘green’ Marine are looking at different practices.” of MEB operations with our left and right lateral limits in mind. It’s being conducted by students like Katzman and Herendeen, mixed with Corps. Retired Army Col. and NPS Associate Professor Andy Hernandez the same process when we look at the tempo of our operations,” said engaging classroom discussions and academic development that make “We don’t do green,” said Caley. “The work that we are doing is leads NPS’ efforts to support the E2O Office. Along with his own spe- Herendeen. NPS such a powerful venue for educating naval officers. about getting our Marine units further down the battlefield. If your en- cific research for E2O, his primary objective is to match NPS faculty And while Herendeen does not believe that his research is a “golden “As a result of this continuing research engagement, NPS is able ergy does not get you far enough on the battlefield to get to the enemy, and students with Marine Corps’ energy research needs. ticket” that will solve the Marine Corps’ energy deployment challenges, to develop viable curricula that will serve naval forces while directly you can’t kill them.” “The research that E2O requires is inherently multidisciplinary he is pleased to have been able to contribute to a conversation that may supporting the strategic energy objectives of the Marine Corps,” Sounds straightforward enough, but to do that, the Marine Corps and ranges from social and political sciences to engineering and math- lead to a long-term solution. said Hernandez.

16 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 17 NATO membership,” said Hatch. Transitioning to a pay-by-rank system to align with NATO stan- “This is a huge deal for Georgians, and a strategic imperative for dards has been one of the Georgian MOD’s top priorities for the last the U.S. given Russia’s aggressive expansion in recent years,” he added. decade, but formidable resistance to change within the MOD caused Jachvadze completed NPS’ Manpower Systems Analysis curricu- previous transition attempts to fail, said Jachvadze. lum in the university’s Graduate School of Business and Public Policy After years of failed attempts, the Georgian J1, under Jachvadze, (GSBPP). Upon graduation, he returned to Georgia where he was se- and with support from MOD leadership, was able to successfully make lected to lead the J1 Personnel Department of the General Staff of the the transition. Georgian Armed Forces (GAF). “Extensive work was done over a one-year-period to implement The Georgian J1 Personnel Department is responsible for manpower the change,” said Jachvadze. “After careful analysis, an action plan for and personnel issues, including among other things, pay, allowances, transition to a pay-by-rank compensation system was approved and and promotions alternatives, with throughout the GAF. supporting calcu- The J1 also works [Jachvadze] led the implementation of many reforms outlined in lations, were pre- with the Ministry of his thesis, ‘Quantitative Analysis in the Georgian Armed Forces sented to leadership Defense’s Human Re- for decision mak- source Management Manpower/Personnel Policy Decision Making Using Markov Models.’ ing.” Professional Devel- These reforms have been integral to advancing [Georgia] on its path to The plan was opment Department NATO membership” followed by a con- to implement person- certed effort to Retired Navy Cmdr. Bill Hatch nel policies within NPS Senior Lecturer communicate the the GAF. need for change and One of the most to explain the path successful of the reforms led by Jachvadze was a MOD transition to a forward. Jachvadze led informational briefings throughout the MOD pay-by-rank compensation system. in nearly every command and unit within the GAF in an effort to over- “Before transitioning to a pay-by-rank system, a large portion of come resistance to the transition and to explain its merits. GAF military personnel’s basic pay, about 95 percent, was defined by “The transition to a pay-by-rank compensation system was a huge the position they held, and only about five percent was related to their success for the MOD and it was recognized and appreciated by NATO NPS alumnus Georgian Army Col. Giorgi Jachvadze is congratulated by commencement speaker retired Adm. Henry Mauz during the actual rank,” explained Jachvadze. partner countries,” said Jachvadze. 2013 Winter Quarter Graduation Ceremony. After graduating from NPS, Jachvadze oversaw a series of reforms within the Georgian According to Jachvadze, transitioning to a pay-by-rank system was Yet the transition to a pay-by-rank system was just one of many re- Ministry of Defense (MOD) that overhauled his nation’s military personnel system. (U.S. Navy photo by Javier Chagoya) important because the prior practice, which offered compensation forms overseen by Jachvadze and his staff. Under his leadership, the based upon position, created an improper set of incentives and ham- MOD has also implemented key reforms in the areas of promotions, se- pered the ability of the GAF to implement a Western-style military per- lection board processes, recruitment and retention systems, pre-enlist- sonnel system. ment psychological screenings, and military pay and compensation. NPS Alumnus Leads Major Changes to Georgian Ministry of Defense

By Kenneth A. Stewart Student’s Prototype May Counter EW Threats

Swedish Army Capt. Robert Humeur the building of a prototype receiver Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) alumnus Georgian Army Col. these accomplishments, and my NPS classes and thesis played a signifi- and German post-doctoral research- that is capable of detecting the ori- Giorgi Jachvadze has managed a series of reforms within the Geor- cant role in the success of these reforms,” he added. “The knowledge er Sascha Pauly are studying the gin of enemy emitters. With Pauly’s gian Ministry of Defense (MOD) that have effectively overhauled the and skills that I acquired at NPS introduced me to materials, practices latest advancements in Electronic help, who is detailed to NPS through Georgian military personnel system, and directly credits his NPS edu- and methods that helped me to decisively elaborate and implement the Warfare (EW) in hopes of improv- the Engineer and Scientist Exchange cation for giving him ideas and projects ing the ability to counter EW threat Program, he’s been testing it in the the knowledge to that led to these suc- emitters. Anechoic Chamber Lab in the NPS make the aggressive The knowledge and skills that I acquired at NPS introduced me to cesses.” Department of Physics. changes. materials, practices and methods that helped me to decisively elaborate NPS Senior Lec- “It’s highly important to detect and identify these types of threat Humeur is a seasoned expert in the “The main objec- and implement the ideas and projects that led to these successes.” turer retired Navy tive of the military Cmdr. Bill Hatch emitters as they create a barrage of art of electronic warfare, serving personnel manage- Col. Giorgi Jachvadze served as Jach- noise jamming certain bandwidths three tours in Afghanistan as an EW J1, Head of Manpower, Personnel ment systems re- Georgian Armed Forces vadze’s thesis advi- that we use in our ground-based air officer specializing in air defense form was to establish sor during his time defenses,” said Humeur. systems. He has worked on a wide NPS student Swedish Army Capt. Robert Humeur observes a radar variety of EW sensor systems, and objective, fair and at the university. wave on a digital analyzer at Spanagel Hall’s 6th floor anechoic transparent military personnel planning and management systems “[Jachvadze] led the implementation of many reforms outlined in Humeur’s thesis, “Experimental Test- chamber. Humeur and post-doc Sascha Pauly are working to has been actively involved in the in accordance with NATO standards and principles,” explained Jach- his thesis, ‘Quantitative Analysis in the Georgian Armed Forces Man- ing of a Photonic Direction Finding advance research into the ability of Electronic Warfare (EW) to evolving field of signal detection. vadze. power/Personnel Policy Decision Making Using Markov Models.’ Electronic Warfare System,” involved counter threat emitters. “My NPS experience created significant preconditions for all of These reforms have been integral to advancing [Georgia] on its path to

18 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 19 “We are at a pivotal moment in our history. We are coming out of new solutions and better business practices. He offered the university’s more than 14 years of hard fighting, including the longest war in our diverse student body a few notes of sage advice in closing his address nation’s history,” he said. “We are witnessing a more multipolar world to students. where American leadership is being increasingly challenged, perhaps “To all of you, BZ, well done, and to our many international stu- no more so than in the military realm. dents, I hope you had a rewarding stay here at NPS … You bring an “Such challenging and uncertain times demand that America’s best important diversity of views that Americans must have and value in to- and brightest step forward to serve and to lead,” Work said. “Because, day’s global security environment,” Work said. “We will not always see to preserve the peace, we must continue to demonstrate our ability to eye to eye in every challenge we face around the world … [but] some- project combat power anywhere in the world, no matter what threats day, in some unforeseen way, the relationships and understanding that we may face. We do so because that is what our friends and allies expect you forged here today will serve both of our countries well.” of us. They expect us to lead.” “To the American Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines and DOD ci- Work also noted that innovation is at the heart of maintaining vilians here today, I want to thank you for stepping forward and choos- U.S. power. ing to serve our country during this difficult period in our nation’s his- “Since World War II, the United States has enjoyed unrivaled tech- tory,” Work concluded. nological superiority,” he said. That lead “is eroding at a pace too fast “You are part of a proud tradition of voluntary service that extends for comfort, and as a result, the margin of battlefield overmatch we back to the continental Army and Marine Corps. The secretary and I have long enjoyed is becoming ever slimmer.” and the entire nation are absolutely grateful everyday for your willing- Work challenged the graduating class to be innovative and to seek ness to serve,” he said.

NPS Alumnus, Retired Vice Admiral Talks Innovation

By MC1 Lewis Hunsaker

Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) alumnus and retired U.S. Navy Finally, Vitale challenged the assembled students, faculty and staff Deputy Secretary of Defense and NPS alumnus the Honorable Bob Work, right, is pictured with the current Acting Provost and Space Vice Adm. Michael C. Vitale shared a career of lessons learned in inno- to educate themselves, and to become innovation subject matter ex- Systems Academic Group Professor Jim Newman, left, during a campus tour, June 19. Work, a Space Systems Operations graduate, spoke about the importance of space operations during a tour of the campus while visiting to keynote the university’s Spring vation with NPS students during a Secretary of the Navy Guest Lecture perts. Quarter graduation. (SGL) at King Auditorium, Aug. 11. During the SGL, Vitale received the “You have to become the expert in innovation. You have to con- NPS Distinguished Alumni Award from President retired Vice Adm. stantly study. This is not something you are going to do tomorrow. Ronald A. Route. When you get back into your commands you are going to try and figure Vitale became interested innovation while serving as the com- out a better way… don’t be afraid of failing. mander of Navy Installations Command. “At your current level, you are not going to command the culture “I was trying to get my organization motivated. I knew where in your organization. The commanding officer or executive officer Deputy Secretary of Defense Visits NPS, I wanted the organization to go. I had the vision. I had the ideas. I may not be into innovation, your challenge is to change that mindset,” thought I had motivated the organization, but after two years, I real- said Vitale. Honors Spring Graduates ized I had not. By Kenneth A. Stewart “All of you officers are going to be leaders, and at some point in time you will take command. In order to command, you have to build a suc- cessful team. In order to build a successful team, you have to have good The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) welcomed Deputy Secretary graduate of the university’s Space Systems Operations program and tools in your toolbox. Today, I would like to add innovation to your of Defense and NPS alumnus the honorable Bob Work to its Spring started a family here while completing his graduate education. toolbox,” continued Vitale. Quarter Graduation ceremony, June 19. Work addressed a graduat- “I have so much affection for this institution and so much respect Advocating a particular brand of innovation that recognizes the ing class comprised of some 290 graduates from every U.S. branch of for its graduates,” he continued. “There is absolutely nothing more need for hard work and testing, Vitale calls it, “Innovating with intent.” service, and 19 coun- important to the fu- Innovating with intent requires innovators to focus on five distinct tries, earning 296 ad- ture of our security steps: visualize/imagine, ideate, test/experiment, lead the change, and vanced degrees. I have so much affection for this institution and so much respect for its establishment and educate. Prior to address- graduates. There is absolutely nothing more important to the future the future of our “First you have to visualize. Once you have an idea, you have to test ing the graduating of our security establishment and the future of our great nation than great nation than it, collect data, and analyze it. That’s hard,” said Vitale. “Your idea has class, Route and then preparing our fu- to be tethered to a problem. That’s why I say innovation with intent.” Provost Dr. Douglas preparing our future leaders.” ture leaders.” But according to Vitale, no matter how innovative you may be, your Hensler presented The Honorable Bob Work During his ad- ideas will not gain traction unless you are able to sell them to the people Work with NPS’ Dis- Deputy Secretary of Defense dress, Work offered that matter. Space Systems Operations (’85) tinguished Alumni the assembled stu- “If you have a great idea but you can’t sell it, it’s not worth anything. Aw a rd , n o t i n g dent body an as- How do you get your boss, peers or subordinates on board to follow the Retired Navy Vice Adm. Michael C. Vitale, left, receives Work’s “extraordinary leadership,” his contributions to military ser- sessment of the current state of U.S. military superiority. He discussed idea that you have shown will probably work,” asked Vitale. the NPS Distinguished Alumni Award from NPS President vice, and his “unsurpassed and continued support of graduate educa- the challenges that the U.S. is facing as its “unipolar moment” as the Vitale shared several possible answers to the above question and retired Vice Adm. Ronald A. Route during a Secretary of tion and the Naval Postgraduate School.” world’s sole super-power comes to an end and rival nations begin to recommended that potential innovators read Chip and Dan Heath’s, the Navy Guest Lecture at King Auditorium, Aug. 11. For Work, returning to NPS was a homecoming of sorts. He is a assert themselves across the world stage. “Switch,” which promises to help readers to change behavior. 20 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 21 faculty here in order to provide them the opportunity to achieve all of NPS has been central to officer development and career progression the greatness they can. within the SWO community for many years. And according to Good, “I think all of us are smarter than one of us and that if we can bring graduate education at NPS is an integral part of the process by which [NPS and the SWO community] together in a meaningful way, the op- SWOs are groomed for future leadership positions. portunity to really improve not only the richness of the experience here “NPS has been, is, and will continue to be the core of the SWO grad- in Monterey, but also the value that experience brings to the fleet, can uate education delivery into our career path,” said Good. be increased by orders of magnitude,” Rowden continued. SWOs complete their initial fleet tours relatively early in their ca- Good is returning to NPS after a nearly two-decade absence. He reers. Coming to NPS allows them to catch their breath between de- notes that NPS’ outward appearance has changed very little in the last ployments and allows them to gain skills and education that will serve two decades, but that the number and diversity of programs offered by them well when they return to the fleet as department heads and when NPS has increased dramatically. they take their knowledge and experience back ashore to the Penta- “It feels great to gon and other major be back on campus, staffs, noted Good. I graduated about 19 “Nearly every years ago with a Mas- “I can serve as a conduit. The fleet can send issues, concerns and single one of the ter in National Se- initiatives to me and I can tie them to interested students and faculty SWO students on curity Affairs with a on campus,” said Good. “Having the students do surface warfare campus is a pro- focus on Europe and spective depart- Eurasia,” said Good. related theses is a big step, it ensures that they remain grounded in the ment head. They “We have a great community while at the same time getting exposure academically.” are career minded, blending of faculty Capt. Charles Good mid-career profes- here, some academic NPS Surface Warfare Chair sionals. Coming to powerhouses, as well NPS is a natural fit as some folks who have served in the surface warfare community before in their surface warfare career progression” said Good. getting their academic credentials. We need to do everything that we “It is beneficial for junior officers to spend their initial shore tour can to leverage all of that [intellectual capital] to the maximum amount here in Monterey and get their graduate degree and [Joint Professional that we can,” said Good. Military Education] JPME Phase I complete before heading back to the Commander, Naval Surface Forces Vice Adm. Thomas S. Rowden, center, leads a delegation to one of several program briefings just While at NPS, Good intends to focus on matching NPS students fleet and their department head tour,” explained Good. before his Secretary of the Navy Guest Lecture (SGL), Sept. 10. Rowden used the SGL forum to introduce NPS’ first-ever Surface Warfare with surface warfare research needs and guiding them along career For Rowden, placing a SWO chair at NPS is about ensuring that Chair, Capt. Charles Good, right. paths that will not only enhance their academic experience at NPS, but valuable, defense-focused graduate education is not lost and that its will benefit the surface warfare community as well. benefits are able to be combined effectively with other professional “I can serve as a conduit. The fleet can send issues, concerns and military education venues throughout the Navy. initiatives to me and I can tie them to interested students and faculty on “I think it’s really important that everyone, not only across the sur- campus,” said Good. “Having the students do surface warfare related face Navy enterprise, but across the Navy, understands just how critical theses is a big step, it ensures that they remain grounded in the com- and just how valuable the Naval Postgraduate School is to the many, Commander, Naval Surface Forces Establishes munity while at the same time getting exposure academically.” many things that we are doing,” said Rowden. Surface Warfare Chair at NPS By Kenneth A. Stewart Defense Analysis Students Sweep CJCS Essay Competition The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in conjunction with Com- career naval, military and defense professionals; intellectual capital in mander, Naval Surface Forces, Vice Adm. Thomas S. Rowden recently the form of a faculty with deep ties to both academia and the defense NPS Department of Defense Analy- space.” Schultz took first place in established the university’s first-ever Surface Warfare Officer (SWO) establishment; and physical capital in the form of laboratories, centers, sis students, U.S. Army Lt. Cols. Rob the 1,500-word strategy article chair. The chair will serve as a mentor and a liaison between the surface facilities and this beautiful and historically significant campus,” said Schultz and Pat Duggan, have been category for his piece, “Countering Navy community and Rowden. awarded first place in the 2015 Extremist Groups in Cyberspace.” NPS students, faculty In an effort to le- Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of and staff. NPS brings three powerful assets to the table that no other single verage those assets, Staff (CJCS) National Defense and “A [big] reason we were successful “It gives me great institution can match – human capital in the form of a student body Rowden assigned Military Strategy Essay Competi- was because of the resources that pleasure to establish composed of mid-career naval, military and defense professionals; NPS alumnus Capt. tion. Schultz and Duggan were NPS provided us, from faculty to a SWO chair here. I Charles Good to honored by the chairman this fall, materials,” said Schultz. “All have have been dreaming intellectual capital in the form of a faculty with deep ties to both NPS. with their award-winning essays to been very helpful in our ability to about doing this for a academia and the defense establishment; and physical capital in “It’s Capt. be published in a future edition of earn these awards.” very long time,” said the form of laboratories, centers, facilities and this beautiful and Good’s responsibil- “Joint Forces Quarterly.” Duggan and Shultz, pictured during the Army War College graduation Rowden. ity to take the value ceremony, May 9, faced stiff competition, with some 60 entries in the “This is a topic that I am passion- “NPS brings three historically significant campus.” of NPS to the fleet Duggan took first place in the final evaluation round in the short essay category, and more than 40 ate about,” added Duggan “[This in the longer paper category. Submissions were accepted from senior strategy research paper category award] really speaks to the quality powerful assets to the Vice Adm. Thomas S. Rowden so that we can take service colleges as well as the war colleges and specialty institutions table that no other Commander, Naval Surface Forces those young, great for his essay, “Strategic Develop- throughout the Department of Defense, and from defense fellows of education that is ongoing here single institution can intellectual minds ment of Special Warfare in Cyber- attending civilian institutions throughout the country. at NPS.” match – human capital in the form of a student body composed of mid- that are serving on our ships and get them properly synced up with the 22 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 23 “Because satellites are becoming so popular in research, we would Newman agrees. His goal is to develop a government-owned, gov- like to develop our own non-private star tracker that we can build our- ernment-shared star tracker whose technology can be transferred to selves and hopefully pass off to private industry once we have designed industry and spur motivation to improve the existing star trackers on the basics,” said Brown. the market.

STEM at NPS In just a few short years, opportunities for STEM internships at CASANDRA MARTIN (’13) the Naval Postgraduate School have blossomed, with nearly 100 high PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program school and college students from across the U.S. on campus this past MENTOR: Buddy Baretto, Information Sciences summer. Interns dot the academic landscape across nearly every de- NOW: Enrolled in Master of Science in Information partment on campus, with a broad range of partnerships at the national Assurance program at NPS through Scholarship for Service program. and regional levels. “It’s clear to me that this is a special program,” said university Presi- NATALIE ORTIZ (’13, ‘15) dent, retired Vice Adm. Ronald A. Route. “These are exceptional op- PROGRAM: Science and Engineering Apprenticeship portunities, and we are very pleased to be able to offer them to these Program (’13), Naval Research Enterprise Internship exceptional young men and women.” Program (’15) NPS student interns come from all walks of life, and they continue MENTORS: Sue Higgins, Cebrowski Institute, and Dr. on to just as many. Here’s an update on just a handful of the hundreds Jim Newman, Space Systems (’15) of students that spent time on campus during the summer over the past NOW: Computer science major at UC San Diego. several years, and a peek at where their efforts have taken them. AJAY JAIN (’14) Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP) student intern Julian Brown holds the star tracker system he developed during a PROGRAM: Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program summer in the university’s Space Systems Academic Group. The low-cost star tracker is designed to help very small satellites determine RIQUI SCHWAMM (’09) their orientation in space. PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program MENTOR: Dr. Tim Chung, Systems Engineering MENTORS: Dr. Tony Kendall, Information Sciences and NOW: A high school senior, currently applying to MIT, Dr. Arijit Das, Computer Science UC Berkeley, Harvard and Stanford to study computer science. NOW: Hired as an NPS Research Assistant with the Distributed Information Systems & Experimentation BRANDON NAYLOR (’14) group at NPS. Earned Master of Science in Computer PROGRAM: Naval Research Enterprise Internship Intern Develops Small, Inexpensive Star Tracker Science from NPS in 2013. Program (’15) SARAH CARLISLE (’10) MENTOR: Dr. Dan Nussbaum, Energy Academic By Kenneth A. Stewart PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program Group MENTORS: Dr. Richard Olsen, Physics NOW: Employed as a contractor with NPS Energy Aca- Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) student intern Julian Brown is of their cool toys!” demic Group, set to graduate in the fall with a Mechani- NOW: NPS Research Associate following internship, cal Engineering and Robotics degree from the Rose Hul- just 21 years old, but don’t let his young age fool you. He’s a serious Star trackers have been used in various forms since ancient times. earning a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. man Institute of Technology. scientist, and spent a summer at NPS working to build a star tracking The sextants used by ancient mariners are an example of early star STUTI VISHWABHAN (’15) system designed to help very small satellites determine their orienta- tracker technology. And though the star tracker developed by Brown CHRIS HALCON (’09, ‘10) PROGRAM: Science and Engineering Apprenticeship tion in space. is far more complex than a mariner’s sextant, it is similarly designed to Program After graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology tell an operator where his craft is relative to the stars in the sky. PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program MENTOR: Dr. Ying Zhao, Information Sciences (MIT) with a degree in electrical engineering and computer science, “When taking pictures of the stars for general navigation, there are MENTOR: Dr. Jim Newman, Space Systems NOW: A high school junior, launched and runs non- and then interning with the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Com- many systems that provide coarse attitude information offering accu- NOW: Earned Bachelor of Science in Industrial/ profit “Teach Seniors Technology” organization. mand (SPAWAR), Brown made his way to NPS, working with Professor racy down to a tenth of a degree, but if you want accuracy down to Mechanical Engineering from Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo in 2014. Currently a Naval Aviator station in and current Acting Provost Jim Newman through the Office of Naval arc seconds, 1/3600th of a degree, then you need to use a star tracker,” Pensacola, Florida. DANIEL IBARRA ROJO (’14, ’15) Research’s Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP). explained Brown. “They offer the highest accuracy pointing that you ALEJANDRO HERNANDEZ (’11) PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program “As I was reviewing resumes for the summer of 2014, his stood out can get in space. They are very valuable for a lot of different missions PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program MENTOR: Dr. Arijit Das, Computer Science … He had shown interest in trying to do some really hard projects,” and we would like to make them accessible to research groups like the said Newman. “Professor Mathias Kolsch and I had been working part- one here at NPS.” MENTOR: Dr. Mark Karpenko, Mechanical and Aero- NOW: Volunteered to continue his work with Dr. Das space Engineering while studying computer science at CSU Monterey Bay. time with students on developing a low-cost, very small star tracker to Star trackers are currently employed by most large commercial sat- NOW: Earned Bachelor of Arts in Economics from UC challenge the price point that industry currently provides, and I real- ellites, but they are generally too large and too costly to be employed Santa Barbara, 2015. Currently a Global Supply Chain ized this would be a great project for Julian.” aboard small satellites. Analyst for Oracle Corporation. JORDAN RUFF (’15) “A star tracker is used to take a picture of the sky and identify the “They are also really expensive. A good model will cost hundreds ROLANDO PEREZ (’12) PROGRAM: Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (’15) patterns of stars in an image,” explained Brown. “Based on this, a satel- of thousands of dollars and installing a single star tracker on a nano- PROGRAM: Community College Catalyst Program lite can tell which direction it is facing. Because stars are little specks satellite would wipeout a significant portion of your total satellite bud- MENTOR: Dr. Ned Powley, Graduate School of Business MENTOR: Dr. Drago Grbovic, Physics of light that don’t move, it is very easy to know where you are looking if get,” said Brown. “We want to create much cheaper star trackers and and Public Policy you know which stars you are looking at. put them on satellites that would not normally be able to afford them NOW: Earned Bachelor of Science in Biomolecular NOW: A senior at Marquette University majoring in Engineering and Bioinformatics from UC Santa Cruz. “It’s cool stuff,” Brown continued. “I’ve known what I wanted to do due to budgetary constraints.” psychology and Spanish, with a minor in ethics. Plans Currently enrolled in PhD program in Bioengineering to enroll in graduate school programs in mental health since I was 5 years old. When I learned that the Navy was sponsoring Brown’s work comes on the heels of increased research interest in at Stanford. counseling, specializing in care for military personnel students to come and work in their labs, it was so amazing to me. I satellite technology and greater industry and academic reliance on the and their families. couldn’t believe that they would give me money to play around with all information gleaned from commercial satellites. 24 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 25 NO MATTER WHERE IN THE WORLD YOU ARE TOMORROW GET THE LATEST NEWS AND INFORMATION FROM MONTEREY TODAY

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Naval Postgraduate School graduates U.S. Marine Corps Majs. John Dickens, right, and Tom Chhabra, left, bow their heads in prayer during Summer Quarter Commencement Ceremony, Sept. 25. NPS said farewell to 330 students earning 335 degrees at the ceremony.

NPS Honors Summer Graduates During Quarterly Ceremony

By Kenneth A. Stewart

The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), along with a packed house of largely upon lessons learned while observing service members over- faculty, family, friends and well-wishers, said farewell to 330 graduat- come incredible odds. He also spoke of leadership, and the commit- ing students earning 335 degrees during NPS’ Summer Quarter Com- ment to serve that he has witnessed in men and women from all walks STAY CONNECTED. mencement ceremony in the university’s King Auditorium, Sept. 25. of life. STAY INFORMED. “My experience here was humbling,” said Sgt. Robert Brady, a su- “Leadership is not about words, we all know that,” he said. “Leader- pervisor in the New York Police Department’s (NYPD) counter-terror- ship is about example.” ism unit. Brady earned a Master of Arts in Security Studies through In closing, Ryan called for the assembled students, faculty and staff NPS’ Center for Homeland Defense and Security (CHDS). to always advocate for their fellow service members and their families. “Being put together with such a diverse group of people from so “All of us collectively … have to make sure that the 99 percent of the many different disciplines was excellent,” added Brady. “We challenged population that have not served keep their commitments to those that each other and drew out the best in one another to become better have served and those that will serve in the future,” said Ryan. “Please homeland security professionals.” Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) President retired speak up to your elected officials about the importance of keeping our Vice Adm. Norbert R. Ryan Jr. was the ceremony’s keynote speaker. commitments to the men and women, and their families, that have kept “I can’t tell you how inspired I was to watch you all file in this morn- us free for the last 14 years.” ing … This nation’s greatest treasure is the young men and women that Ryan was recently recognized as one of the 100 most influential and serve,” he said. impactful veterans on Capitol Hill. Under his leadership, the MOAA Throughout Ryan’s emotional address to the graduating class, he has been named a “Top Lobbyist” by The Hill newspaper for the past shared moving stories and anecdotes from his military career, drawing eight years. 26 In Review • November 2015 naval postgraduate school Naval postgraduate school In Review • November 2015 27 “NPS Is Everywhere” During an Iraqi Air Force F-16 dedication ceremony at Balad Air for International Affairs (SAF/IA) at the Pentagon. Here I dealt with Base earlier this year, three of the U.S. officers in attendance recog- technology transfer issues for Foreign Military Sales cases. Again, nized each other. Although they worked for different organizations, the experience of NPS came in very handy,” McCullough continued. some were even members of different services, they knew there was some sort of connection between them. And there was … Sylvester, who has since served as a Director of Theater Security the Naval Postgraduate School’s Department of National Security Cooperation, a Senior Naval Advisor, and is slated to be the next Affairs. Defense Attaché for Saudi Arabia, echoed these sentiments.

Those three officers are, from left to right, U.S. Air Force Maj. Marc “The NPS degree in Security Studies, with a Middle East focus, has Torosian, Air Force Central Command Iraq Country Desk Officer; given me a great base to fall back on,” he said. “Coupled with lan- U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Brian McCullough, Air Defense Liaison Officer guage training, I am quite functional interfacing with our foreign at the Iraqi Air Defense Command; and, U.S. Navy Cmdr. Ed Sylves- partners, and am thankful for the opportunity!” ter, Deputy Defense Attaché, Iraq. Given their current assignments, the trio embody the precise value The chance meeting and subsequent discussion offered an oppor- of just one of NPS’ many academic programs in preparing military tunity for the trio to reflect upon their time at NPS, and the role the leaders to be more effective … Perhaps stated best by McCullough. education has played in their assignments following graduation. McCullough went on “to be the Turkish political/military advisor at “All of these experiences, along with the foundation of my NPS [U.S. European Command] EUCOM where the education I received education, have been critical to the day to day dealings with the at NPS was used every day,” he said. Iraqi government,” he said. “My awareness of the different cultures and norms of this country were shaped by the experiences of the “Before I deployed I was at the Under Secretary of the Air Force professors at NPS … It is an experience which I cannot undervalue.”

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