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Israel in Bild Und Text 2011.Pdf Vorwort Herausgeber: Botschaft des Staates Israel Auguste-Viktoria-Strasse 74-76 14193 Berlin Tel.: +49 30 890 45 423 Fax: +49 30 890 45 409 www.israel.de Internet: www.israel.de E-Mail: [email protected] Fotos: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Tourism, GPO, IDF Druck: dmp digital- und offsetdruck gmbh Internet: www.dmp-druck.de srael und seine Bevölkerung befinden sich seit der Staatsgründung in einem dynami- schen Entwicklungsprozess. Gesellschaftliche Selbstfindung und staatliche Selbst- Grafikdesign: Ibehauptung gehen dabei Hand in Hand. Isabella Pikart Internet: www.vaporetta.org In den vergangenen sechs Jahrzehnten hat Israel hunderttausende Einwanderer aus der ganzen Welt integriert und seine Bevölkerungszahl verzehnfacht. Die israelische Gesell- Stand: Februar 2011 schaft ist voll Schwung und Tatendrang, die Menschen sind kreativ und kulturell aktiv; Is- raels Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Technologie entsprechen höchsten westlichen Stan- dards. Und auch das wichtigste Ziel versucht Israel weiterhin zu erreichen: Frieden mit allen seinen Nachbarn. Israel ist eine lebendige moderne Demokratie und ein facettenreiches Gemeinwesen. Die Berichterstattung der internationalen Medien spiegelt die Vielfältigkeit des Landes und seiner Menschen jedoch häufig nur ungenügend wider. Die vorliegende Publikation bietet ein multidimensionales Panorama von Land und Leuten – von der Geschichte über Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, Kultur und Sport bis hin zu den deutsch-israelischen Beziehungen. Doch Texte und Bilder können die authentische Erfahrung nicht ersetzen. Sie sind herzlich eingeladen, Israel zu besuchen – es lohnt sich! Ihre Botschaft des Staates Israel Berlin 2011 2 3 InHalt InHalt Impressum................................................................................................................. 2 Vorwort...................................................................................................................... 3. ................ Landkarte.und.Unabhängigkeitserklärung.................................................................. 6 Geografie...................................................................................................................10 Geschichte................................................................................................................12 Politisches.System....................................................................................................20 Bevölkerung..............................................................................................................26 Gesundheits-.und.Sozialwesen..................................................................................36 Bildungswesen..........................................................................................................38 Forschung.und.Entwicklung.......................................................................................40 Erneuerbare.Energien................................................................................................42 Wirtschaft.................................................................................................................44 Entwicklungshilfe......................................................................................................56 Kultur........................................................................................................................58 Medien......................................................................................................................70 Sport.........................................................................................................................71 Israels.Küche............................................................................................................72 Zeitleiste.zur.Geschichte.Israels...............................................................................74 Hatikva......................................................................................................................90 Deutsch-israelische.Beziehungen..............................................................................92 Zeitleiste.der.deutsch-israelischen.Beziehungen......................................................98 In.eigener.Sache......................................................................................................104 Wussten.Sie,.dass...................................................................................................106 Wichtige.Adressen..................................................................................................107 4 5 DaS lanD 6 7 DIe UnaBHänGIGkeItSerklärUnG DeS StaateS ISrael m Land Israel entstand das jüdische Volk. Hier prägte sich sein geistiges, religiöses und politi- Demzufolge haben wir, die Mitglieder des Nationalrates, als Vertreter der sches Wesen. Hier lebte es frei und unabhängig, hier schuf es eine nationale und universelle jüdischen Bevölkerung und der zionistischen Organisation, heute, am letzten IKultur und schenkte der Welt das Ewige Buch der Bücher. Tage des britischen Mandats über Palästina, uns hier eingefunden und ver- künden hiermit kraft unseres natürlichen und historischen Rechtes und auf- Durch Gewalt vertrieben, blieb das jüdische Volk auch in der Verbannung seiner Heimat in Treue grund des Beschlusses der Vollversammlung der Vereinten Nationen die Er- verbunden. Nie wich seine Hoffnung. Nie verstummte sein Gebet um Heimkehr und Freiheit. richtung eines jüdischen Staates im Lande Israel – des Staates Israel. Beseelt von der Kraft der Geschichte und Überlieferung, suchten Juden aller Generationen in ihrem Wir beschließen, dass vom Augenblick der Beendigung des Mandates, heute um alten Lande wieder Fuß zu fassen. Im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte kamen sie in großen Scharen. Mitternacht, dem sechsten Tage des Monats Ijar des Jahres 5708, dem 15. Mai Pioniere, Verteidiger und Einwanderer, die trotz der Blockade den Weg in das Land unternahmen, 1948, bis zur Amtsübernahme durch verfassungsgemäß zu bestimmende Staats- erweckten Einöden zur Blüte, belebten aufs neue die hebräische Sprache, bauten Dörfer und Städte behörden, doch nicht später als bis zum 1. Oktober 1948, der Nationalrat als und errichteten eine stets wachsende Gemeinschaft mit eigener Wirtschaft und Kultur, die nach vorläufiger Staatsrat und dessen ausführendes Organ, die Volksverwaltung, als Frieden strebte, aber sich auch zu schützen wusste, die allen im Lande die Segnungen des Fort- zeitweilige Regierung des jüdischen Staates wirken sollen. Der Name des Staates lautet Israel. Der schritts brachte und sich vollkommene Unabhängigkeit zum Ziel setzte. Staat Israel wird der jüdischen Einwanderung und der Sammlung der Juden im Exil offenstehen. Er wird sich der Entwicklung des Landes zum Wohle aller seiner Bewohner widmen. Er wird auf Im Jahre 1897 trat der erste Zionistenkongress zusammen. Er folgte dem Rufe Dr. Theodor Herzls, Freiheit, Gerechtigkeit und Frieden im Sinne der Visionen der Propheten Israels gestützt sein. Er dem Seher des jüdischen Staates, und verkündete das Recht des jüdischen Volkes auf nationale Er- wird all seinen Bürgern ohne Unterschied von Religion, Rasse und Geschlecht, soziale und politische neuerung in seinem Lande. Dieses Recht wurde am 2. November 1917 in der Balfour-Deklaration Gleichberechtigung verbürgen. Er wird Glaubens- und Gewissensfreiheit, Freiheit der Sprache, Er- anerkannt und auch durch das Völkerbundsmandat bestätigt, das der historischen Verbindung des ziehung und Kultur gewährleisten, die Heiligen Stätten unter seinen Schutz nehmen und den jüdischen Volkes mit dem Lande Israel und seinem Anspruch auf die Wiedererrichtung seiner nati- Grundsätzen der Charta der Vereinten Nationen treu bleiben. onalen Heimstätte internationale Geltung verschaffte. Der Staat Israel wird bereit sein, mit den Organen und Vertretern der Vereinten Nationen bei der Die Katastrophe, die im 20. Jahrhundert über das jüdische Volk hereinbrach und in Europa Milli- Durchführung des Beschlusses vom 29. November 1947 zusammenzuwirken und sich um die Her- onen von Juden vernichtete, bewies unwiderleglich aufs Neue, dass das Problem der jüdischen Hei- stellung der gesamtpalästinensischen Wirtschaftseinheit bemühen. matlosigkeit durch die Wiederherstellung des jüdischen Staates im Lande Israel gelöst werden muss, in einem Staat, dessen Tore jedem Juden offenstehen, und der dem jüdischen Volk den Rang einer Wir wenden uns an die Vereinten Nationen mit der Bitte, dem jüdischen Volk beim Aufbau seines gleichberechtigten Nation in der Völkerfamilie sichert. Staates Hilfe zu leisten und den Staat Israel in die Völkerfamilie aufzunehmen. Die Überlebenden des fürchterlichen Mordens der Nazis in Europa sowie Juden anderer Länder Wir wenden uns – selbst inmitten mörderischer Angriffe, denen wir seit Monaten ausgesetzt sind – scheuten weder Mühsal noch Gefahren, um nach Israel aufzubrechen und ihr Recht auf ein Leben an die in Israel lebenden Araber mit dem Aufrufe, den Frieden zu wahren und sich aufgrund voller in Würde und Freiheit in der Heimat durchzusetzen. bürgerlicher Gleichberechtigung und entsprechender Vertretung in allen provisorischen und perma- nenten Organen des Staates an seinem Aufbau zu beteiligen. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg leistete die jüdische Gemeinschaft im Land Israel ihren vollen Beitrag zum Kampfe der frieden- und freiheitsliebenden Nationen gegen die nationalsozialistische Schreckens- Wir bieten allen unseren Nachbarstaaten und ihren Völkern die Hand zum Frieden und guter herrschaft.
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