COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN SRI LANKA SUMMARY Sri Lanka is a unitary democratic republic with three levels of government: national, provincial and local. Local government is enshrined in the 13th amendment to the . The second-tier provincial authorities are governed by the Provincial Councils Act 1987. The main Acts relating to third-tier local authorities are the Urban Councils Ordinance 1939, the Municipal Councils Ordinance 1947 and the Pradeshiya Sabhas Act (No. 15 of 1987). The Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils is responsible for policy and legislation at the national level, while the provincial ministers of local government are responsible for the day to day administration and supervision at local level. There are nine second-tier provinces and 341 third-level local government: 24 municipal councils, 41 urban councils and 276 pradeshiya sabhas (village councils). A revision in local government legislation introduced a reserved quota of council seats for women, and after the 2018 local elections, 29.1% of councillors were female, up from 1.9% in 2011. Grants are provided from national government through provincial councils, and local authorities are responsible for the collection of taxes which are delegated and user fees as well as property rates and rents. Provincial councils’ responsibilities include development planning, education, and health and social welfare. Local authorities have responsibility for public health, utility services and rural roads. Pradeshiya sabhas have some additional developmental responsibilities.

1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT 2.2 Main legislative texts Sri Lanka is a unitary democratic republic The principle laws relating to local with a unicameral parliament.43.1a The authorities are the Urban Councils head of state and Ordinance 1939, the Municipal Councils KEY FACTS is the president, who is directly elected Ordinance 1947 and the Pradeshiya and must secure over 50% of the vote. Sabhas Act (No. 15 of 1987). The following POPULATION (2017 estimate): The president may serve a maximum six amendment Acts passed in 2016/17: 21,444,000 of two five-year terms. Executive power is accorded to the president, who ■■ Local Authorities Elections AREA (UN 2006): may summon, suspend or prorogue a (Amendment ) Act (No. 31 of 2017) 65,610 sq km legislative session. The president appoints ■■ Local Authorities Filling of Vacancies CAPITAL: the prime minister, the leader of the (Special Provisions) (Amendment) Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte majority party in the parliament. On the Acts (Nos. 34, 35, 36 and 37 of 2014) advice of the prime minister the president ■■ Municipal Council (Amendment) Act CURRENCY: is responsible for the appointment of the (No. 34 of 2014) (LKR) cabinet from members of parliament. ■■ Urban Council (Amendment) Act (No. HEAD OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT: The parliament consists of 225 members 35 of 2014) President Maithripala Sirisena elected under a modified system of ■■ (Amendment) Act proportional representation to serve a (No. 36 of 2014). FORM OF GOVERNMENT: six-year term. Of these 196 are elected democratic republic from multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 29 seats apportioned on 2.3 Recent legislative changes PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM: the basis of the proportion recieved of Key interventions under taken by the unicameral the national vote and filled by nominees government include: STATE STRUCTURE: of the political parties or independant ■■ Revision of archaic Municipal, Urban unitary groups. To qualify for a seat a party must Councils and Pradeshiya Sabas laws secure 5% of the vote. Following the Sinhala and Tamil (official) enabling them to respond effectively LANGUAGES: 2015 national election, 5.8% of elected to emerging challenges. representatives were women.43.1b NATIONAL ELECTIONS: ■■ Reverting to a ward–based, first past parliamentary: the post/ mixed proportional system last: 2015, turnout: 77.7%; next: 2021 2. LEGAL BASIS FOR coupled with a 25% mandatory quota presidential: LOCAL GOVERNMENT for women. last: 2015, turnout: 81.5%; next: 2020 2.1 Constitutional provisions ■■ Introduction of a rationalised criteria WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT (2015): Local government enshrined in and to create and /or upgrade local 5.8% recognised as subordinate level of authorities, requiring the approval of government under the direct purview of the Cabinet of Ministers PROVINCIAL ELECTIONS: last: 2012, 2013 provicial councils, the 13th amendment ■■ Introduction of a new accounting and 2014 turnout: 67% (2014); next: 2018/19 43.2a to the constitution, which states: system for local authorities based on last: Feb 2018, ‘Local authorities will have the powers internationally accepted standards, LOCAL ELECTIONS: vested in them under existing law, the turnout: ~75%; next: 2022 ■■ An eLocal Government Programme Municipal Councils Ordinance and the to streamline accounting and WOMEN COUNCILLORS (2018): Urban Councils Ordinance. Pradeshiya managerial decision- making 29.1% sabhas will have the powers vested processes within local authorities. in them under existing law. It will be LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ■■ Incorporation of scientific solid waste open to the provincial council to confer as a percentage of total government management technologies. additional powers on local authorities expenditure 2013/14: but not to take away their powers.’ na

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Table 43.1a Distribution of councils and population

Local authorities % rural, Provincial councils District Total Population Population including tea Municipal Urban Pradeshiya (2011 Census) (2017 est) estates (2010) councils councils sabhas

Central 3 4 6 38 48 2,571,557 2,722,000 89.4

North Western 2 1 3 29 34 2,380,861 2,508,000 95.9

North Central 2 2 0 25 27 1,266,663 1,349,000 96.0

Uva 2 2 1 25 28 1,266,463 1,349,000 94.5

Sabaragamuwa 2 1 3 25 29 1,928,655 2,028,000 94.0

Western 3 7 14 27 48 5,851,130 6,081,000 61.2

Southern 3 3 4 42 49 2,477,285 2,611,000 89.4

Northern 5 1 5 28 34 1,061,315 1,119,000 83.3

Eastern 3 3 5 37 45 1,555,510 1,677,000 74.9

TOTAL 9 25 24 41 276 342 20,359,439 21,444,000 91.8

Source: FSLGA communication with CLGF and 2011 census43.3a and population projection43.3bn

2.4 National urban policy list, specifies the powers reserved citizen participation; responsiveness Whilst there is no comprehensive to national government. List III, the to the needs of local constituencies; national Urban Policy, the Urban concurrent list, outlines the powers efficiency, effectiveness and productivity; Development Authority (UDA) was that may be exercised by the national and the development of a citizens’ established by act no 41 of 1978 with a government or the provincial councils charter. The ministry, supported by the view to promote integrated planning in concurrence with each other. Third- Sri Lanka Institute for Local Governance, and implementation of economic, tier local authorities are vested with is also carrying out capacity and skill- social and physical development of the power to create by-laws passed building programmes for officials and urban areas. Accordingly UDA has been with the approval of the minister and elected representatives. empowered to function as the key urban the parliament/provincial councils. This power-sharing initiative was undertaken planning and implementing agency of 3.3 Council types the country. Furthermore, the Ministry primarily as an alternative to demands In the second tier of government of Megapolis and Western Development for a separate state by the Tamil political there are nine provinces which, for was established in 2015. with its prime parties and militant separatist groups. It administrative purposes, are divided into objective to bring systematic changes was also seen as a measure to enhance 25 districts and 331 divisional secretariats. and development processes into the democratic participation in the process of These secretariats, in most cases, are urban community in Sri Lanka which government by communities and groups. co-terminous with the 341 third-tier local will ensure that the inhabitants of urban authorities made up of 24 municipal areas become a part of socio economic 3.2 Ministerial oversight councils, 41 urban councils and 276 rural development of the country while The Ministry of Local Government and pradeshiya sabhas. With the exception maintaining high levels in quality of life. Provincial Councils (MLGPC) is responsible of the municipal councils’ finance This will pave the way for making Sri for policy and legislation at the national committees, the standing committees Lanka a commercial, naval and aviation level, while the provincial ministers of are not empowered to make decisions hub of Asia. In this context the ministry local government are responsible for without referring to the council. envisages transforming the entire adminstration and supervision at the Western Province into a Megapolis area local level.43.3c The national-level minister 3.3.1 Provincial councils were established by to usher in comprehensive development has powers to create, reconstitute or the 13th amendment to the constitution, within the next five years. The scope of upgrade a local authority based on which mandated the following elements: work under Ministry’s purview would the recommendations of a committee the appointment and powers of the primarily include macro level planning established for these purposes. governor and a board of ministers; the of the western megapolis region based Furthermore, under the three principal council membership, tenure and legislative on creating well-designed, green, clean Acts for local government, the national- power of the councils; and alternative and smart urban settlements in strategic level minister may curtail or extend the arrangements in the event of a failure in the locations of the country with the term of office of the three types of local administrative machinery. The provincial engagement of best design, engineering council by one year.The national level minister for local government has oversight and town planning skills, state-of-the-art Finance Commission advises on the responsibility, with authority being technology and world best practices.’ allocation of grants to the provincial delegated to the provincial commissioner councils which include local authority of local government. The power to grants. A high court has also been 3. STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT dissolve a council is also exercised at the established in each province to resolve 3.1 Local government within the state provincial level and there have been cases relevent provincial affairs and function Sri Lanka has three levels of government: of mayors/ chairpersons being suspended under the supervision of the central national, provincial and local. Devolution due to charges of mismanagement and judicial arm. Reforms recommended of power is made under three lists in malpractice. Each province has a governor by the commission have been made by the ninth schedule of the constitution. appointed by the president for a five- the Ministry of Local Government and List I identifies the powers of provincial year term, exercising provincial executive Provincial Councils in the following areas: councils, while List II, the reserved power and responsible for executing the

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policies of the provincial council through development, technical services, legislation with a turnout of aproximately a board of ministers headed by a chief and environment and amenities. 75%.43.6a This was the first time all local minister and comprising no more than Presentation of matters to the council elections were held on the same day. four other ministers. In addition, each must be directed through the standing Provincial council elections are due in provincial council has a chairman and a committees. There is discretion to October 2018 and were last held in 2012, vice-chairman elected from among its appoint special committees. except for the Northern Province where members. In the event of dissolution of they were held in 2013. the provincial council, the chairperson 3.3.2.2 Urban councils are led by a continues to hold office until the new full-time chairperson, nominated by 4.2 Voting system council is constituted. The chief secretary, the majority party or group, who holds The new election system was introduced appointed by the president, is the senior office for four years. Urban councils do by Local Government Authorities most public official in the provincial public not have a legal requirement to establish Elections (Amendment) Act No. 16 of service. committees; however, the proposed 2017 and the total number of local legislative ammendments of the principal authority members at the ward level was 3.3.2 The urban authorities comprise ordinance have mandatory provision determined by the National Delimitation 24 municipal councils covering the to establish committees and to invite Commission (NDC). The elections under cities and larger towns and 41 urban knowledgeable citizens onto them. the mixed electoral system, whereby 60 councils covering smaller towns and less percent of members represent single- urbanised areas. In addition, pradeshiya 3.3.3 Pradeshiya Sabhas are led by a member or multi-member wards and sabhas cover areas which largely include full-time chairperson, nominated by 40 percent are returned from a list called small townships in rural areas. the majority party or group, who holds ‘additional persons’ list’ with no affiliation office for four years. the proposed to a specific ward. Two nomination papers must be submitted by each 3.3.2.1 Municipal councils are led by ammendments to the principal a full-time mayor, nominated by the ordinance will enpower Pradeshiya party. One comprises the number of majority party or group, who holds Sabhas to appoint committees in a candidates equivalent to 60 percent of office for four years. There are no similar manner to urban councils. the total number of members of the executive committees or cabinets. local authority and the other comprises The Municipal Councils Ordinance 4. ELECTIONS the number equivalent to 40 percent of the total number of members of the stipulates that standing committees 4.1 Recent local elections local authority plus three additional must be appointed for finance and Elections for the 341 local councils were policy planning, housing and community names. Candidates under the first held in February 2018 under the new nomination paper will contest, and are

Table 43.1b Number of women councillors and mayors following the last three local elections

Councillors Mayors

2008 2011 2018 2008 2011 2018

All councillors # % # % # % All mayors # % # % # % chairpersons

Female councillors 64 1.8 ~85 1.8 2,526, 29.1 Female mayors/ 8 2.7 6 1.9 na na chairpersons

Male councillors 3,558 98.2 ~4,515 98.2 6,699 77.1 Male mayors/ 288 97.3 305 98.1 na na chairpersons

Total mayors/ Total councillors 3,622 100.0 ~4,600 100.0 8,690 100.0 296 100.0 311 100.0 na 100.0 chairpersons

Pradeshiya sabha # % # % # % Pradeshiya sabha # % # % # % (PS) councillors (PS) chairpersons

Female PS 51 1.6 70 1.9 na na Female PS 2 0.8 4 1.5 na na councillors chairpersons

Male PS councillors 3,292 98.5 3,173 97.8 na na Male PS 234 99.2 265 98.2 na na chairpersons

Total PS Total PS councillors 3,343 100.0 3,243 100.0 na 100.0 236 100.0 269 100.0 na 100.0 chairpersons

Urban and # % # % # % Urban& municipal # % # % # % municipal (U&M) (U&M) mayors/ councillors chairpersons

Female U&M 13 3.4 11 2.6 na na Female U&M 6 10.0 2 4.9 na na councillors mayors/ chairpersons

Male U&M 366 96.6 406 97.4 na na Male U&M 54 90.0 40 95.1 na na councillors mayors/ chairpersons

Total U&M- Total U&M mayors/ 379 100.0 417 100.0 na 100.0 60 100.0 42 100.0 na 100.0 councillors chairpersons

Source: MLGPC communication with CLGF and the UNDP ‘Women in local government in Asia Pacific’ status report 201343.4c

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entitled to be elected as members of the the Information and Communication the secretaries of the Provincial Public local authority; and persons under the Technology Agency of Sri Lanka (a World Service Commission. The national- second nomination paper are entitled to Bank-funded project for e-government) level Ministry of Local Government and return as members of that LGA based on has developed a computerised system Provincial Councils also holds monthly the proportion of seats their party wins. for local government authorities. This coordinating meetings with the provincial program will help citizens to access commissioners and other organisations 4.3 Elected representatives services provided by local authorities. working in the local government Some municipal and urban councils and sector. The Sri Lanka Institute of Local Mayors, deputy mayors, chairpersons and pradeshiya sabhas are using internet and Governance, set up under Act No. 31 of vice-chairpersons are nominated by the email facilities, but not at satisfactory 1999, also has a facilitating role, providing political party which has secured the levels, due to non-availability of both professional support to both provincial greatest number of seats in the election. physical and human resources. The councils and local authorities, as well as The Commissioner of Elections confirms ‘eLocal Government project’ has been research support to the national ministry their appointments. proposed to address the problem of for the formulation of policies on local poor service delivery and socio-economic government. 4.4 Women’s representation contribution of the local authorities The Local Authorities Elections due to ineffective and inefficient 8. MONITORING SYSTEMS (amendments) Act 201743.4b requires a governance. It envisages developing minimum 25% women’s representation and implementing ICT based solutions Local authorities are accountable to the in each council. Section 27F of the which can be freely deployed at all auditor general for funds transferred amendment, states that 10 percent of local authorities to meet their generic to them by national government the members assigned to a ward must requirements. These requirements through the provincial councils. This be women and 50 percent of members include increasing the efficiency and requirement is specified in Section 218 on the additional persons list must effectiveness in governance, assuring of the Municipal Councils Ordinance be women. At the end of the election citizen-friendly delivery of services 1947, Section 181 of the Urban Councils mandatory 25% women seats are to be by improving social accountability Ordinance 1939, and Section 172 of the made up of a mixture of ward winners and transparency, enhancement of Pradeshiya Sabhas Act 1987. and from the additional persons list. The social inclusiveness and access to only exception is when a party recieves opportunities. The eLocal government 9. FINANCE, STAFFING AND RESOURCES

three or less seats. Following the 2018 rollout involves implementing the eLocal 9.1 Local government expenditure election, 29.1% of councillors were women, government products in different types There is no information available on local 6.2% (535/8,690) were directly elected, of local authorities dispersed around government expenditure. with the proportion being raised through the country. The ‘eLocal Government the appointment of a further 1,991 Project’ is currently in an accelerated from party lists to ensure the minimum path of implementation which has 9.2 Locally raised revenue requirement. 15 councils in the North completed 30 authorities across the 25 At the third tier, local authorities are and North East were not able to fulfil the districts and plans to complete all 341 by responsible for collection of local taxes 25% requirement due to the number of 2019. The solution was conceptualized and user fees, as well as other sources parties contesting not winning more than after a comprehensive re-engineering of revenue such as property rates and three seats. This is a significant rise from exercise, thus by looking at the benefits assessments and rents. Locally-raised 2011 when approximately 1.8% (85/~4,600) of citizens. taxes must be levied within limits were women, and 1.8% (64/3,622) prescribed by national government. following the 2008 elections. For council 6. ORGANISED LOCAL GOVERNMENT leaders (mayors and chairpersons), the 9.3 Transfers number following the 2018 election is 6.1 National local government association Grants are provided from both not yet known, however following the 2011 There are three voluntary associations provincial and national government. election, women formed 1.9% of the total representing municipalities, urban National government provides financial (6/311), down from 2.7% following the 2008 councils and pradeshiya sabhas: the transfers to cover salaries in whole or election. See table 43.1b. National Chapter of Mayors, the United Urban Councils Association and the Sri in part and also to meet the monthly Lanka Pradeshiya Sabha Association. allowance payable to councillors. In 5. SYSTEMS FOR These three associations also formed the pradeshiya sabhas, the whole COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT the Federation of Sri Lankan Local salary bill is covered, whereas in the 5.1 Legal requirement Government Authorities (FSLGA) in 2007 smaller urban authorities it is closer to 43.9 All councils should promote social as an umbrella organisation representing 70%. In Municipal Council inclusivity, civil society participation and the interests of local government it is about 50%. There is no formal partnerships – as mandated by Section authorities in Sri Lanka.43.6 Membership policy of revenue sharing and grant 4.5 of the government’s Extraordinary of all four bodies is voluntary and all are decisions are made on a case-by-case Gazette number 1632/26 issued on funded by member subscriptions and basis by the Finance Commission. The 19 December 2009. other income-generating activities. Local Loan and Development Fund is a statutory body providing over LKR100m 5.2 Implementation of loans per year to local government 7. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS at below-market rates, with a focus on However, community involvement has not The chief ministers of the provincial infrastructure development. been systematically implemented so far in councils organise regular conferences in local authorities – although some councils, which the national-level Minister for Local with the support of external agencies, have Government and Provincial Councils is 9.4 Loans developed participatory budgets. also invited to participate as the national The Local Loans and Development Fund government representative.43.7 (LLDF) is the statutory body established 5.3 ICT use in citizen engagement Meetings are also held between under the Local Loans and Development The Ministry of Local Government and representatives of sector/line ministries, Ordinance No.22 of 1916. Initially the Provincial Councils, with the support of the provincial chief secretaries, and objective of the fund was to provide

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loans to any local authority. The fund charged with the regulation and control 43.3b Mid-year Population Estimates by functions under the minister in charge of of, and all matters relating to, public District & Sex, 2012 - 2017 http:// local government. The LLDF is managed health, public utility services and public www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/ by a Board of Commissioners (BoC), thoroughfares, and generally with VitalStatistics/MidYearPopulation/ comprising seven chief secretaries, two the protection and promotion of the Mid-year%20population%20 provincial commissioners, one member comfort, convenience and wellbeing by%20district.pdf nominated by the Minister of Finance of the people. The pradeshiya sabhas 43.4c Ministry of Local Government and and three persons nominated by the have some additional developmental Provincial Councils Minister in charge of Local Government. responsibilities. www.pclg.gov.lk The secretary to the ministry of local 43.4a Department of Elections government is the ex-officio chairperson. 10.2 ICT use in service delivery www.slelections.gov.lk The prime function of LLDF is to meet The Ministry of Provincial Councils and 43.4b Women’s Political Representation the capital investment needs of the local Local Government with the support of in Local Government Institutes: authorities and it provides long term ICT agency of Sri Lanka, is developing a 25% Quota and Way Forward. Law loans at a concessionary rates of interest. single portal to provide a virtual interface and Society Trust - 2016 http:// for the service delivery aspect of the lawandsocietytrust.org/content_ 9.5 Local authority staff local authorities. The portal is being images/publications/documents/ The Provincial Councils Act 1987 developed in a manner that it would english-20160602150738.pdf established a provincial public service enable the issuing of permits, licenses 43.4c UNDP ‘Women in local (PPS) into which local government and certificates, provide common government in Asia Pacific’ status officers were transferred from the services and individual services, and report 2013 (unpublished) national local government service. The the management of a local authorty’s 43.5 No reference for this section governor of each province has powers development projects. It will further 43.6 Federation of Sri Lankan Local of appointment, transfer, dismissal provide support for front office service Government Authorities and disciplinary control over officers delivery, manage complaints, grievances www.fslga.org and feedbacks, collect regular and ad- of the PPS. These powers may be 43.7 Provincial councils hoc revenues, assist with budget, finance delegated to the PPS Commission, www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/ and asset management. The system which may in turn delegate to other ProvicialCouncils.html senior officials. National government is centralised to enable an aggregate overview from the Ministry. 43.8 Status of Sustainable Development staff are occasionally deployed to Goals Indicators in Sri Lanka local government, but on a temporary 2017 www.statistics.gov.lk/sdg/ basis. Municipal councils must have a 10.3 The role of local government application/publications/book.pdf commissioner, the head of the paid in achieving the UN Sustainable 43.9 Government of Sri Lanka service, by law. The commissioner is the Development Goals (SDGs) www.priu.gov.lk chief administrative officer, to whom The Government’s 2017 report ‘Status 43.10 No reference for this section heads of divisions or departments of Sustainable Development Goals 43.11a UN statistics surface area http:// are accountable. The heads of these Indicators in Sri Lanka’ acknowledges unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/ departments are typically a secretary, that ‘by developing sustainable products/dyb/dyb2006/Table03.pdf an administrative officer, an accountant, growth policies, local governments in an engineer, a chief medical officer partnership with the community can 43.11b Commonwealth Local Government and occasionally a veterinary surgeon. improve the quality of life of citizens knowledge hub www.clgf.org.uk/ In the urban councils and pradeshiya and contribute to protecting the global resource-centre/knowledge-hub sabhas the head of the paid service environment’.43.10 43.11c UNDP HDR Sri Lanka country is the secretary, who acts as the chief profile http://hdr.undp.org/en/ administrative officer, supported by a countries/profiles/LKA multi-disciplinary team of officers. REFERENCES AND USEFUL WEBSITES 43.1a National government portal 10. DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICE www.gov.lk DELIVERY RESPONSIBILITY 43.1b Women in national parliaments. 10.1 Overview of local government Inter-Parliamentary Union service delivery responsibility www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm Some of the major functions 43.2a. Constitution of Sri Lanka devolved to provincial councils www.priu.gov.lk/ include implementation of provincial Cons/1978Constitution/ development planning, education, health, Introduction.htm social welfare, rural development, land 43.2b The Western Region Metropolis use and land development, cooperative plan https://megapolis.gov.lk development, and local government 43.3a 2011 Census of Population and oversight. Municipal councils, urban Housing www.statistics.gov.lk/ councils and pradeshiya sabhas are PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php

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Annex 43a Summary of service provision in different spheres of government in Sri Lanka

Delivering authority

National Municipal Urban Pradeshiya Services government Provinces Districts councils councils sabhas Remarks GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Police n n Fire protection n n n Civil protection n Criminal justice n Civil status register n Statistical office n n Electoral register n EDUCATION Pre-school (kindergarten and nursery) n n n Primary n n Secondary n n Vocational and technical n n Higher education n n Adult education n n SOCIAL WELFARE Family welfare services n n Welfare homes n n Social security n PUBLIC HEALTH Primary care n n n n Hospitals n n Health protection n n HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING Housing n n n n n Town planning n n n n Regional planning n n TRANSPORT Roads n n n n n Transport n n Urban roads n n n n n Urban rail n Ports n Airports n ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC SANITATION Water and sanitation n n n n n Refuse collection and disposal n n n Cemeteries and crematoria n n n Slaughter-houses n n n Environmental protection n n n n Consumer protection n n n n CULTURE, LEISURE AND SPORTS Theatres and concerts n n n Museums and libraries n n n n n Parks and open spaces n n n Sports and leisure n n n n n Religious facilities n n n n UTILITIES Gas services District heating Water supply n n n n Electricity n ECONOMIC Agriculture, forests and fisheries n n Local economic development/promotion n n n n Trade and industry n n n n n Tourism n n n n n

n sole responsibility service n joint responsibility service n discretionary service

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