Ross A. McFarland Collection in Aerospace Medicine and Human Factors Engineering 2 Inventory of the Manuscripts Mary Ann Hoffman Roberta A. Ritchie Fordham Health Sciences Library Wright State University School of Medicine Dayton, Ohio 1987 Fordham Library Publication No. 3 © 1987 Ross A. McFarland. 1945. CONTENTS Preface vi Introduction vii Acknowledgements viii Biographical Sketch ix Scope and Content xii Series Listing xiv Series 1: Personal Life 1 Series 2: Correspondence 5 Series 3: Education & Academic Degrees 21 Series 4: Academic Career 25 Series 5: Professional & Scientific Societies 43 Series 6: Lectures & Conferences 49 Series 7: Committee Memberships & Boards 63 Series 8: Consulting 65 Series 9: Publication of Ross McFarland 75 Series 10: General Reference Material 89 Picture Index 123 Title Index to McFarland Publications, Reports, and Speeches 129 Index 145 v PREFACE The Fordham Health Sciences Library is a young library in a young university. Established in 1974, the Library moved to it's present location in 1977 and two years later the Special Collections Department was created upon receipt of the gift of the Ross A. McFarland Collection in Aerospace Medicine and Human Factors Engineering. Special Collections is responsible for all of the historical activities in the Library. The Library is part of an automated library network, COLS (Cooperative Online Library System). This network is comprised of the Fordham Health Sciences Library, the Wright State University Library, and two hospital libraries in Dayton: Good Samaritan Hospital and Kettering Medical Center. Four other Dayton hospital libraries are presently negotiating memberships in COLS. The MARC/AMC format is used to catalog the Library's special collections and enter them into the COLS network and the OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, Inc.) database. The MARC/AMC cataloging is augmented by more complete finding aids in the Library's Special Collections Department. This is the first inventory to be published by the Library. Additional inventories will be published as funding permits. VI INTRODUCTION The Ross A. McFarland Collection in Aerospace Medicine and Human Factors Engineering was a gift to the Fordham Health Sciences Library from his widow, Emily McFarland. The bulk of the collection was transferred to the Library in 1979, followed by two later shipments. The Inventory of the Manuscripts is the second publication describing a portion of the Collection (the first publication is the Catalog of the Library). The materials in the Collection date from 1849 to 1980. Included are the research, reports, and correspondence on the effects of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and carbon monoxide on human performance; dark adaptation and visual thresholds; anoxia and high altitude physiology; stress and fatigue in pilots and other flight personnel; the physiological and psychological characteristics of airplane pilots; human factors in air and ground vehicle design; health and safety in air and ground transportation; accident prevention; and circadian rhythms in air travel. The Collection also contains material on the family history as well as Ross McFarland's education, career, and broad range of interests. The papers are stored in 397 boxes which occupy 210 linear feet of shelf space. The Deed of Gift places the following restriction on the use and publication of materials from the Collection: "Although any portion of the collection may be copied or photocopied, within the guidelines of the Copyright Law, it may be published only with the express written permission of the Health Sciences Librarian, Wright State University School of Medicine, after consultation with me or my representatives during my lifetime/'1 Suggested Citation: Ross A. McFarland Collection, Fordham Health Sciences Library, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. 1. McFarland, E. Deed of Gift. December 19, 1978. VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The publication of the Catalog of the Library and Inventory of the Manuscripts was supported by Grant IM 03883 awarded by the National Library of Medicine. This two year Medical Library Resource Project Grant provided funds to catalog the print portion and to process and microfilm the manuscript portion of the Ross A. McFarland Collection in Aerospace Medicine and Human Factors Engineering. The goals of the project were to make these archival resources available to the scholarly community and to provide access to the collection through the publications and microfilm. We appreciate the assistance provided by the Wright State University in the preparation of this publication. The Wright State University School of Medicine Word Processing Center entered the data into the WANG system, the Wright State University Communications Division was responsible for the overall design and printing of the book, and the University Micrographics microfilmed the collection. The staff in Fordham Health Sciences Library Special collections area have worked several years preparing this publication for your use. The graduate assistants: Thomas Gilliam and Carolyn Johanson, and student assistants: David Huff, Linda Partida, Patricia Ramirez, and Lori Wilson spent hundreds of hours processing the materials in the collection. Mary Ann Hoffman, Coordinator of Special Collections and Roberta Ritchie, Archivist, deserve special recognition for their efforts. Audrey J. Kidder Health Sciences Librarian VIM ROSS ARMSTRONG McFARLAND 1901 - 1976 When Ross McFarland filled out his application for a Kent Fellowship to the Harvard University graduate school in 1923 he wrote, "I am a poor follower and I would rather lead, for that has always been my nature." His capability as a follower could be open to some question, but there is no doubt about the quality of his leadership. He was one of Aerospace Medicine's most distinguished scientists, and a pioneer in the field of human factors engineering. He was a scholar, author, and educator, but perhaps best known for his research. Ross Armstrong McFarland was born on July 18, 1901 in Denver, Colorado. His father, James McFarland, was a Presbyterian minister who Park College Basketball Team. Ross McFarland front established churches in such Colorado cities as row, center. 1920-21. Durango, Leadville, Idaho Springs, Central City, and Denver. Ross was five years old when his father died and he was the youngest of five children his mother was left to care for. Helen Russell McFarland moved the family to Parkville, Missouri, where they could attend Presbyterian schools without charge. Ross graduated from Park Academy, and then attended Park College for two years. Moving on to the University of Michigan for his junior and senior years, he received a Bachelor of Arts in 1923. At Michigan he was self-supporting and still managed to join a social fraternity, be a member of the debate team, and to sing in the varsity glee club. The National Council on Religion in Higher Education awarded McFarland a Kent Fellowship to attend Harvard University graduate school, where his studies culminated in the Ph.D. in Psychology in 1928. The National Council on Religion in Higher Education had been founded at Yale in 1923 by Charles Foster Kent to develop teachers of religion and related subjects for colleges and universities in the United States. Ross McFarland played an active role in the Council, serving as field secretary at one time, and later as a member of the Board of Directors. Some of his most enduring friendships were formed through the Council, and he maintained an interest in the organization throughout his life. He took a year out from his Harvard studies to spend at Yale as a Kent Fellow. At the end of graduate study at Harvard, he spent a year as a Research Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge, England, working under Sir Joseph Barcroft and Professor F.C. Bartlett. During that time he was absorbed in the study of the effects on human behavior of changes in the internal environment. He carried out a series of experiments on the effects of lack of oxygen, using student pilots of the Royal Air Force as subjects. Data from his work in that period were later used in the study of fatigue, some mental illnesses, the aging process, and aviation accidents resulting from lack of oxygen. Ross McFarland returned to the United States from England by way of the Far East. While in India he visited Mahatma Ghandi, then went on to Siam, China, and Japan. Travel was to be a vital part of his life and it would cover most of the world. In 1934 he would spend a month visiting scientific institutes in Moscow and Leningrad in the USSR, about which he published three articles. While in Soviet Russia he spent some time with his friend, Professor G.P. Wells and his father, author H.G. Wells. Upon his return from Cambridge, McFarland joined Columbia University as instructor in the Department of Psychology. At Columbia from 1928 to 1937, he investigated the dependence of the central nervous system upon a normal supply of oxygen, glucose, and other constants. These studies, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Commerce, were basic to the development of pressurized cabins in commercial airliners. In 1935 McFarland was invited to become a member of the International High Altitude Expedition to the Chilean Andes. He was one of ten scientists, chiefly physiologists and biochemists, studying the effects of high altitude on themselves in contrast to the natives who lived at high altitudes. Dr. McFarland gave sensory, motor, mental and personality tests to measure the psychological deterioration in relation to the physiological changes. With Dr. Christensen from Copenhagen he studied the effects of rapid ascents by airplane on trans-Andean flights between Santiago and Buenos Aires in contrast to more gradual ascent by railway. His interest in aviation first developed Ross McFarland checking pulse rate of an during this period. Experimental Subject During Flight. [est. 1940s]. The interests of Ross McFarland were far ranging, including international affairs. During the summer terms of 1930-1934 he lectured at the Geneva School of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland.