DOCSLIB.ORG

“The 'Living' Bibliography of Burma Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“The 'Living' Bibliography of Burma Studies Michael W. Charney (SOAS)* “The ‘Living’ Bibliography of Burma Studies: The Secondary Literature.” London: Revised. September 2002. Date of Current Revision: 26 September 2002 *Significant help was provided by Ken Breazeale, Joerg Schendel, Wil Dijk, and others. Organization of Entries: These entries will gradually be annotated. They are grouped as follows: PART I: BURMA TO 1948 (I) Archaeology and Pre-Pagan Era 8 A. General 8 B. Upper Burma 8 C. Lower Burma & the Pyu 9 D. Western Burma 9 (II) General Histories (Pagan era to 1947) 11 A. Broad Surveys 11 B. History of Administration 12 C. Sasana Reform 13 D. History of Technologies 13 (III) Pagan Period 15 A. General 15 B. Upper Burma 15 C. Lower Burma & the Mons 18 D. Western Burma 19 (IV) Early Modern Period (1350-1756) 20 A. State Formation and Administration 20 B. Culture and Religion 20 C. Law & Concepts 21 D. Bayìn-naung 21 E. Ethnic Relations 22 F. Foreign Impact and Relations 22 1. The Chinese 22 2. The Europeans 22 3. Bengal 24 4. Sri Lanka 25 5. Thailand 26 G. Arakan 26 Charney (comp.) 2 H. Miscellaneous 28 (V) Kòn-baung Dynasty 29 A. General 29 B. Court Life 29 C. Administration 30 D. Law & Legal Theory 31 E. Economy 32 F. Religion 32 1. Buddhism 32 2. Christianity 32 G. Individual Reigns 33 1. Bagyidaw 33 2. Mindon 33 3. Thibaw 34 H. Foreign Relations 34 1. General 34 2. China 34 3. France 35 4. Great Britain 35 5. Vietnam 36 (VI) Colonial Period 37 A. General 37 B. Anglo-Burmese Wars 38 1. General 38 2. First Anglo-Burmese War 38 3. Second Anglo-Burmese War 40 4. Third Anglo-Burmese War 40 5. Continuing Hostilities (to 1895) 40 C. Administration 41 D. Economy 43 1. General Economy 43 2. Industries 44 a. General 44 b. Salt 44 c. Rubber 44 d. Handicrafts 44 3. Transportation Infrastructure 44 4. Agriculture 44 5. Oil & Mineral Extraction 46 6. Fisheries 46 7. Foreign Trade 46 E. Education 47 F. Indian Minority 47 G. Relations with China and the Chinese in Burma 48 H. Rebellions and Nationalist Movements 49 1. General 49 2. Students Movement & Political Parties 50 3. Aung San 50 4. Rebellions 51 I. Second World War 51 a. Japanese Occupation 51 b. Allied War Effort in Burma 53 c. Allied POWs in Burma 53 J. 1945-1947 54 K. Religion 54 Charney (comp.) 3 1. Buddhism 54 2. Catholicism 54 3. Baptist Missions 54 4. Animism 55 L. Law 55 M. Demography 55 (VII) Historiography 56 (VIII) Art & Architecture 58 A. General 58 B. Tapestries 59 C. Brick & Stone 59 D. Buddha Images 59 E. Monasteries 59 F. Mural Paintings 59 G. Ceramics 60 H. Wood & Ivory Carving 60 (IX) Numismatics 61 PART II: BURMA SINCE 1948 (AND GENERAL STUDIES) (X) Independent Burma/Myanmar: General Studies 64 (XI) Administration (since 1948) 65 (XII) Politics (1948-1962) 66 (XIII) Politics: The Ne Win Regime 69 (XIV) Politics: SLORC/SPDC 71 (XV) Politics: The Democracy Movement 74 (XVI) Insurgencies (from 1962) 75 (XVII) Politics and the Environment 77 (XVIII) Refugees 78 (XIX) Foreign Relations (since 1948) 79 A. General 79 B. ASEAN 80 C. China 80 D. India 81 E. Israel 81 F. Japan 81 G. Neutralism, Policy of. 81 H. Thailand 82 I. United Nations 82 J. United States 82 (XX) Military Forces (since 1948) 83 Charney (comp.) 4 (XXI) Economy (since 1948) 85 A. General 85 B. Labour, Wages, and Social Welfare 86 C. Banking 87 D. Business 87 E. Industry 87 F. Agriculture 87 G. Foreign Investment 88 H. Infrastructure 88 I. Buddhism and Socialism 88 J. Other 88 (XXII) Law & History of. 89 A. General 89 B. History of Burmese Law 89 C. Buddhist Law 89 D. Constitutional Law & Constitution 89 E. Customary Law & Folk-tales 89 F. Financial 89 G. Legal Profession 90 H. Family Law 90 I. Philosophy (moral and legal) 90 (XXIII) Literature 91 A. History of Literature 91 B. Prose 91 C. Drama 92 D. Folktales 92 E. Verse 92 F. Other 93 (XXIV) Language 94 (XXV) Linguistics 95 (XXVI) Ethnology/Anthropology 97 A. General 97 B. Arakanese 98 C. Chins 98 D. Chinese 98 E. Gwe 99 F. Indians 99 G. Kachins 99 H. Karens 99 I. Kayah 100 J. Lisu 100 K. Moken 100 L. Mon 101 M. Muslims 101 N. Nagas 101 O. Panthay 102 P. Shan 102 Q. Wa 102 (XXVII) Religion & History of. 103 A. General 103 B. Buddhism 103 Charney (comp.) 5 C. Nats and Related Cults 105 D. Christianity 105 (XXVIII) Women 108 (XXIX) Children 109 (XXX) Daily Life & Sociology 110 (XXXI) Medicine & Health 111 (XXXII) Martial Arts 112 (XXXIII) Education 113 (XXXIV) Psychology & Personality 114 (XXXV) Geography 115 A. General 115 B. Climate and Physical Geography 115 C. Urban Studies 116 (XXXVI) Music & History of 117 (XXXVII) Calendars & Dates 118 (XXXVIII) Numbers 119 (XXXIX) Astronomy & Astrology 120 (XL) Tattoos 121 (XLI) Smoking & Tobacco 122 PART III: REFERENCE (XLII) Bibliographies & Source Surveys 124 (XLIII) Dictionaries 129 (XLIV) Other Reference Works 130 Note: These entries will gradually be annotated. Furthermore, an entry is only included once, regardless of wider relevance. Eventually, all entries will be cross-listed to indicate other areas where a particular piece of research might be of use. This list has been compiled chiefly from direct surveys of the literature with additional information supplied by the bibliographies of numerous and various sources listed in the present bibliography. Additional sources include submissions from members of the BurmaResearch, EarlyBurma, and SEAHTP egroups, as well as public domain listings of personal publications on the internet. Charney (comp.) 6 DISCLAIMER: This bibliography is solely a guide or survey to the literature. No claim is made for the accuracy or completeness of the information provided in this bibliography. The information provided is intended only as an initial survey of the literature. This site and its owner do not accept any responsibility for problems resulting from the use of the information provided. All information should be verified elsewhere. Suggestions are always welcome. Please note that newspaper and newsletter aricles will not be included in this list, as most are short pieces or extracts from already, or eventually to be, published works. © 2002 Michael W. Charney All rights reserved. This bibliography may be downloaded, copied, or printed, in whole or in part, solely for academic, non-profit purposes only and only under the following conditions: (1) the title page, containing full compilation and copyright information, must be retained and remain the only title page and (2) this bibliography must not be altered in any way. This is an end-user arrangement: this bibliography may not be recirculated or reposted, either in hardcopy or in electronic form. Downloading or copying this bibliography constitutes a binding agreement to the above-mentioned terms and conditions. For more information, contact Michael W. Charney at [email protected]. Charney (comp.) 7 PART I BURMA PRIOR TO 1948 Charney (comp.) 8 I. Archaeology & Pre-Pagan Era I. A Pre-Pagan: General Forbes, C. J. F. S. Legendary History of Burma and Arakan. Rangoon, Government Press. 1882. Despite the title there is very little here on Arakan [M.W.C.]. Ito, Toshikatsu. “Cotton Production and the Dry Areas in Mainland Southeast Asia From the 6th to the 9th Centuri[es].” In Fukui Hayao (ed.),The Dry Areas of Southeast Asia: Harsh or Benign Envrionment? (Kyoto: Kyot University, 1999): 95-105. Luce, G. H. Phases of Pre-Pagán Burma: Languages and History. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Luce, G. H. “The Advent of Buddhism to Burma.” In L. Cousins and A. Kunst (eds.). Buddhist Studies in Honour of Miss. I. B. Horner. (Dordrecht, 1974): 119-137. Movius, Hallam L., Jr. “Stone Age in Burma.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 32 (1943): 341-393. San Nyein, U. “Nyaunggan Bronze Age.” In Proceedings of the Myanmar Two Millenia Conference, 15-17 December 1999 (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 2000): III, 1-9. Stargardt, Janice. Tracing Through things: The Oldest Pali Texts and the Early Buddhist Archaeology of India and Burma. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2000. Than Tun. “Prehistoric Researches in Myanmar.” In Traditons in Current Perspective: Proceedings of the Conference on Myanmar and Southeast Asian Studies, 15-17 November 1995, Yangon (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 1996): 25-29. I. B. Pre-Pagan: Upper Burma Aung-Thwin, Michael. "Burma Before Pagan: The Satus of Archaeology Today." Asian Perspectives 25 (1982-83): 1-21. Brown, G. "The Origin of the Burmese." Journal of the Burma Research Society 2.1 (1911): 1-8. Burney, Henry. “Discovery of Buddhist Images with Deva-nagari Inscriptions at Tagaoung, the Ancient Capital of the Burmese Empire.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1836): 157- 164. Grant-Brown, W. F. "The Pre-Buddhist Religion of the Burmese." Folklore 32 (1921): 77-100. Luce, G. H. “Old Kyaukse and the Coming of the Burmans.” Journal of the Burma Research Society 42.1 (1959):. 75-109. Luce, G. H. "Davaravati and Old Burma." Journal of the Siam Society 53 (1965): 9-25. Miksic, John. “Cities in Ancient Myanmar: Orthogenetic or Heterogenetic?” In Proceedings of the Myanmar Two Millenia Conference, 15-17 December 1999 (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 2000): III, 21-38. Myint Aung, U. "The Capital of Suvannabhumi Unearthed?" Shiroku 10 (1977): 41-53. Nay Thaung, Daw, et al. “The Record of the First New Finding on the Occurrence of Anthropoid Primates? Pilopithecus in Myanmar.” Myanmar Historical Research Journal 3 (December 1998): 1-6 + plates. Charney (comp.) 9 Ni Ni Myint, Daw.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lower Chindwin District Volume A
    BURMA GAZETTEER LOWER CHINDWIN DISTRICT UPPER BURMA RANGOON OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PART A. THE DISTRICT 1-211 Chapter I. Physical Description 1-20 Boundaries 1 The culturable portion 2 Rivers: the Chindwin; the Mu 3 The Alaungdaw gorge 4 Lakes ib. Diversity of the district ib. Area 5: Surveys ib. Geology 6 Petroliferous areas ib. Black-soil areas; red soils ib. Volcanic rocks 7 Explosion craters ib. Artesian wells 8 Saline efflorescence ib. Rainfall and climate 9 Fauna: quadrupeds; reptiles and lizards; game birds; predatory birds 9-15 Hunting: indigenous methods 16 Game fish 17 Hunting superstitions 18 Chapter II, History and Archæology 20-28 Early history 20 History after the Annexation of 1885 (a) east of the Chindwin; (b) west of the Chindwin: the southern portion; (c) the northern portion; (d) along the Chindwin 21-24 Archæology 24-28 The Register of Taya 25 CONTENTS. PAGE The Alaungdaw Katthapa shrine 25 The Powindaung caves 26 Pagodas ib. Inscriptions 27 Folk-lore: the Bodawgyi legend ib. Chapter III. The People 28-63 The main stock 28 Traces of admixture of other races ib. Population by census: densities; preponderance of females 29-32 Towns and large villages 32 Social and religious life: Buddhism and sects 33-35 The English Wesleyan Mission; Roman Catholics 35 Animism: the Alôn and Zidaw festivals 36 Caste 37 Standard of living: average agricultural income; the food of the people; the house; clothing; expenditure on works of public utility; agricultural stock 38-42 Agricultural indebtedness 42 Land values: sale and mortgage 48 Alienations to non-agriculturists 50 Indigence 51 Wages ib.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resettlement of the Karen in Minnesota A
    THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE KAREN IN MINNESOTA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOLOF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Kathleen J Lytle IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY David Hollister, Adviser January, 2015 Kathleen J Lytle 2015 Copyright This thesis is dedicated to: My husband Allen, who walked with me on this journey; My mom Helen, who has always been the most inspiring role model; My children Kari, Jeff, and Laurie; And the Karen people of Minnesota i Abstract Minnesota has a long history of welcoming immigrants and refugees into its communities. Following the Vietnam War large numbers of Southeast Asian (SEA) refugees came to Minnesota. With the implementation of the Refugee Act of 1980, a formal refugee resettlement program was created nation-wide. As part of the Refugee Act of 1980 Voluntary agencies (VOLAGs), were established to help the refugees with their resettlement process. Soon after the arrival of refugees from Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia, refugees from other countries began coming to Minnesota. In the 1990s refugees from the former Soviet Union began resettling in Minnesota. In the mid 1990s refugees from East Africa began arriving. In the early 2000s, large numbers of Karen refugees from Burma began coming to Minnesota. In order to help the Karen refugees in their acculturation, it is important for the community within which they are living to understand them and their culture. Using an ethnographic approach, this qualitative research project is aimed at understanding the lived experiences of the Karen and their resettlement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Modern Burma Thant Myint-U Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 0521780217 - The Making of Modern Burma Thant Myint-U Index More information Index Abhisha Husseini, 51 and local rebellions, 172, 173–4, 176 Afghanistan, 8, 22, 98, 102, 162 and modern Burma, 254 agriculture, 36, 37, 40, 44, 47, 119, 120, payment of, 121 122, 167, 224, 225, 236, 239; see also reforms, 111–12 cultivators Assam, 2, 13, 15–16, 18, 19, 20, 95, 98, 99, Ahom dynasty, 15–16 220 Aitchison, Sir Charles, 190–1 athi, 33, 35 Alaungpaya, King, 13, 17, 58, 59–60, 61, Ava (city), 17, 25, 46, 53, 54 70, 81, 83, 90, 91, 107 population, 26, 54, 55 Alaungpaya dynasty, 59, 63, 161 Ava kingdom, 2 allodial land, 40, 41 administration, 28–9, 35–8, 40, 53–4, Alon, 26, 39, 68, 155, 173, 175 56–7, 62, 65–8, 69, 75–8, 108–9, Amarapura, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26, 51, 53, 115–18, 158–60, 165–6 54, 119, 127, 149 anti-British attitudes, 6–7, 99, 101–3 rice prices, 143 and Bengal, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99–100 royal library, 96 boundaries of, 9, 12, 24–5, 92, 101, Amarapura, Myowun of, 104–5 220 Amherst, Lord, 106 British attitudes to, 6, 8–9, 120, 217–18, Amyint, 36, 38, 175 242, 246, 252 An Tu (U), 242 and Buddhism, 73–4, 94, 95, 96, 97, 108, Anglo-Burmese wars, 2, 79 148–52, 170–1 First (1824–6), 18–20, 25, 99, 220 ceremonies, 97, 149, 150 Second (1852–3), 23, 104, 126 and China, 47–8, 137, 138, 141, 142, Third (1885), 172, 176, 189, 191–3 143, 144, 147–8 animal welfare, 149, 171 chronicles of, 79–83, 86, 240 appanages, 29, 53, 61–3, 68, 69, 72–3, 77, and colonial state, 219–20 107, 108, 231 commercial concessions, 136–7 reform of,
    [Show full text]
  • Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue
    State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare Title and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue>State Formation in Comparative Perspectives) Author(s) Callahan, Mary P. Citation 東南アジア研究 (2002), 39(4): 513-536 Issue Date 2002-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53713 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, March 2002 State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊ Mary P. CALLAHAN＊＊ Normally, society is organized for life; the object of Leviathan was to organise it for production. J.S. Furnivall [1939: 124] Abstract This article examines the construction of the colonial security apparatus in Burma, within the broader British colonial project in eastern Asia. During the colonial period, the state in Burma was built by default, as no one in London or India ever mapped out a strategy for establishing governance in this outpost. Instead of sending in legal, commercial or police experts to establish law and order—the preconditions of the all-important commerce— Britain sent the Indian Army, which faced an intensity and landscape of guerilla resistance never anticipated. Early forays into the establishment of law and order increasingly became based on conceptions of the population as enemies to be pacified, rather than subjects to be incorporated into or even ignored by the newly defined political entity. The character of armed administration in colonial Burma had a disproportionate impact on how that popula- tion came to be regarded, treated, legalized and made into subjects of the Raj.
    [Show full text]
  • Mimu875v01 120626 3W Livelihoods South East
    Myanmar Information Management Unit 3W South East of Myanmar Livelihoods Border and Country Based Organizations Presence by Township Budalin Thantlang 94°23'EKani Wetlet 96°4'E Kyaukme 97°45'E 99°26'E 101°7'E Ayadaw Madaya Pangsang Hakha Nawnghkio Mongyai Yinmabin Hsipaw Tangyan Gangaw SAGAING Monywa Sagaing Mandalay Myinmu Pale .! Pyinoolwin Mongyang Madupi Salingyi .! Matman CHINA Ngazun Sagaing Tilin 1 Tada-U 1 1 2 Monghsu Mongkhet CHIN Myaing Yesagyo Kyaukse Myingyan 1 Mongkaung Kyethi Mongla Mindat Pauk Natogyi Lawksawk Kengtung Myittha Pakokku 1 1 Hopong Mongping Taungtha 1 2 Mongyawng Saw Wundwin Loilen Laihka Ü Nyaung-U Kunhing Seikphyu Mahlaing Ywangan Kanpetlet 1 21°6'N Paletwa 4 21°6'N MANDALAY 1 1 Monghpyak Kyaukpadaung Taunggyi Nansang Meiktila Thazi Pindaya SHAN (EAST) Chauk .! Salin 4 Mongnai Pyawbwe 2 Tachileik Minbya Sidoktaya Kalaw 2 Natmauk Yenangyaung 4 Taunggyi SHAN (SOUTH) Monghsat Yamethin Pwintbyu Nyaungshwe Magway Pinlaung 4 Mawkmai Myothit 1 Mongpan 3 .! Nay Pyi Hsihseng 1 Minbu Taw-Tatkon 3 Mongton Myebon Langkho Ngape Magway 3 Nay Pyi Taw LAOS Ann MAGWAY Taungdwingyi [(!Nay Pyi Taw- Loikaw Minhla Nay Pyi Pyinmana 3 .! 3 3 Sinbaungwe Taw-Lewe Shadaw Pekon 3 3 Loikaw 2 RAKHINE Thayet Demoso Mindon Aunglan 19°25'N Yedashe 1 KAYAH 19°25'N 4 Thandaunggyi Hpruso 2 Ramree Kamma 2 3 Toungup Paukkhaung Taungoo Bawlakhe Pyay Htantabin 2 Oktwin Hpasawng Paungde 1 Mese Padaung Thegon Nattalin BAGOPhyu (EAST) BAGO (WEST) 3 Zigon Thandwe Kyangin Kyaukkyi Okpho Kyauktaga Hpapun 1 Myanaung Shwegyin 5 Minhla Ingapu 3 Gwa Letpadan
    [Show full text]
  • Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: to Be a Modern Burmese Citizen Living in a Nation‐State, 1889 – 1962
    Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: To be a modern Burmese citizen living in a nation‐state, 1889 – 1962 Yuri Takahashi Southeast Asian Studies School of Languages and Cultures Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of Sydney April 2017 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Statement of originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Yuri Takahashi 2 April 2017 CONTENTS page Acknowledgements i Notes vi Abstract vii Figures ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Biography Writing as History and Shwe U Daung 20 Chapter 2 A Family after the Fall of Mandalay: Shwe U Daung’s Childhood and School Life 44 Chapter 3 Education, Occupation and Marriage 67 Chapter ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1917 and 1930 88 Chapter 5 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1930 and 1945 114 Chapter 6 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1945 and 1962 140 Conclusion 166 Appendix 1 A biography of Shwe U Daung 172 Appendix 2 Translation of Pyone Cho’s Buddhist songs 175 Bibliography 193 i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I came across Shwe U Daung’s name quite a long time ago in a class on the history of Burmese literature at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Merit-Making and Monuments: an Investigation Into the Role of Religious Monuments and Settlement Patterning Surrounding the Classical Capital of Bagan, Myanmar
    MERIT-MAKING AND MONUMENTS: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS MONUMENTS AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNING SURROUNDING THE CLASSICAL CAPITAL OF BAGAN, MYANMAR A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfill of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada ã Copyright by Ellie Tamura 2019 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2020 ABSTRACT Merit-Making and Monuments: An Investigation into the Role of Religious Monuments and Settlement Patterning Surrounding the Classical Capital of Bagan, Myanmar Ellie Tamura Bagan, Myanmar’s capital during the country’s Classical period (c. 800-1400 CE), and its surrounding landscape was once home to at least four thousand monuments. These monuments were the result of the Buddhist pursuit of merit-making, the idea that individuals could increase their socio-spiritual status by performing pious acts for the Sangha (Buddhist Order). Amongst the most meritous act was the construction of a religious monument. Using the iconographic record and historical literature, alongside entanglement theory, this thesis explores how the movement of labour, capital, and resources for the construction of these monuments influenced the settlement patterns of Bagan’s broader cityscape. The findings suggest that these monuments bound settlements, their inhabitants, and the Crown, in a variety of enabling and constraining relationships. This thesis has created the foundations for understanding the settlements of Bagan and serves as a useful platform to perform comparative studies once archaeological data for settlement patterning becomes available. Keywords: Southeast Asia, Settlement Patterns, Bagan, Entanglement, Religious Monuments, Buddhism, Archaeology ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the past three years, I have been incredibly fortunate in having the opportunity to do what I love, in one of the most wonderful countries, none of which would have been possible without the support of an amazing group of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism in Myanmar a Short History by Roger Bischoff © 1996 Contents  Preface  1
    Buddhism in Myanmar A Short History by Roger Bischoff © 1996 Contents Preface 1. Earliest Contacts with Buddhism 2. Buddhism in the Mon and Pyu Kingdoms 3. Theravada Buddhism Comes to Pagan 4. Pagan: Flowering and Decline 5. Shan Rule 6. The Myanmar Build an Empire 7. The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Notes Bibliography Preface Myanmar, or Burma as the nation has been known throughout history, is one of the major countries following Theravada Buddhism. In recent years Myanmar has attained special eminence as the host for the Sixth Buddhist Council, held in Yangon (Rangoon) between 1954 and 1956, and as the source from which two of the major systems of Vipassana meditation have emanated out into the greater world: the tradition springing from the Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw of Thathana Yeiktha and that springing from Sayagyi U Ba Khin of the International Meditation Centre. This booklet is intended to offer a short history of Buddhism in Myanmar from its origins through the country's loss of independence to Great Britain in the late nineteenth century. I have not dealt with more recent history as this has already been well documented. To write an account of the development of a religion in any country is a delicate and demanding undertaking and one will never be quite satisfied with the result. This booklet does not pretend to be an academic work shedding new light on the subject. It is designed, rather, to provide the interested non-academic reader with a brief overview of the subject. The booklet has been written for the Buddhist Publication Society to complete its series of Wheel titles on the history of the Sasana in the main Theravada Buddhist countries.
    [Show full text]
  • State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊
    Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, March 2002 State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊ Mary P. CALLAHAN＊＊ Normally, society is organized for life; the object of Leviathan was to organise it for production. J.S. Furnivall [1939: 124] Abstract This article examines the construction of the colonial security apparatus in Burma, within the broader British colonial project in eastern Asia. During the colonial period, the state in Burma was built by default, as no one in London or India ever mapped out a strategy for establishing governance in this outpost. Instead of sending in legal, commercial or police experts to establish law and order—the preconditions of the all-important commerce— Britain sent the Indian Army, which faced an intensity and landscape of guerilla resistance never anticipated. Early forays into the establishment of law and order increasingly became based on conceptions of the population as enemies to be pacified, rather than subjects to be incorporated into or even ignored by the newly defined political entity. The character of armed administration in colonial Burma had a disproportionate impact on how that popula- tion came to be regarded, treated, legalized and made into subjects of the Raj. Administra- tive simplifications along territorial and racial lines resulted in political, economic, and social boundaries that continue to divide the country today. Bureaucratic and security mech- anisms politicized violence along territorial and racial lines, creating “two Burmas” in the administrative and security arms of the state. Despite the “laissez-faire” proclamations of colonial state officials in Burma, this geographically and functionally limited state nonethe- less established durable administrative structures that precluded any significant integration throughout the territory for a century to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Inclusion
    ANNUAL REPORT 2020 I LIFT Annual Report 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 2020 II III LIFT Annual Report 2020 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank LBVD Livestock Breeding and Veterinary ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Department CBO Community-based Organisation We thank the governments of Australia, Canada, the European Union, LEARN Leveraging Essential Nutrition Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and CSO Civil Society Organisation Actions To Reduce Malnutrition project the United States of America for their kind contributions to improving the livelihoods and food security of rural poor people in Myanmar. Their DAR Department of Agricultural MAM Moderate acute malnutrition support to the Livelihoods and Food Security Fund (LIFT) is gratefully Research acknowledged. M&E Monitoring and evaluation DC Donor Consortium MADB Myanmar Agriculture Department of Agriculture Development Bank DISCLAIMER DoA DoF Department of Fisheries MEAL Monitoring, evaluation, This document is based on information from projects funded by LIFT in accountability and learning 2020 and supported with financial assistance from Australia, Canada, the DRD Department for Rural European Union, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the United Development MoALI Ministry of Agriculture, Kingdom, and the United States of America. The views expressed herein Livestock and Irrigation should not be taken to reflect the official opinion of the LIFT donors. DSW Department of Social Welfare MoE Ministry of Education Exchange rate: This report converts MMK into
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Censorship on the Development of the Private Press Industry in Myanmar/Burma
    Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper University of Oxford The Impact of Censorship on the Development of the Private Press Industry in Myanmar/Burma by Kyaw Thu Michaelmas 2011 & Hilary 2012 Sponsor: Thomson Reuters Foundation 1 Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the support of several people who have generously assisted me throughout my study. First and foremost, I would like to thank the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) and the Thomson Reuters Foundation for giving me the valuable opportunity to study at the University of Oxford. I would like to thank James Painter and Dr. Peter Bajomi-Lazar for their good guidance and encouragement. I also thank RISJ director David Levy and staff at the RISJ - Sara Kalim, Alex Reid, Rebecca Edwards and Kate Hanneford-Smith - for their support during my fellowship period. In addition, I would to thank Professor Robert H. Taylor and Dr. Peter Pritchard for their useful advice. Last but not least, I would like to thank my fellow journalists from Myanmar for participating in my survey and the publishers who gave me interviews for this research paper. Information on the use of country name The use of the country name of Myanmar has been controversial among the international community since the military government changed the names of the country and cities in 1988. From that point on, Burma officially became Myanmar and Rangoon became Yangon. In this paper, I will use Burma when I refer to the period before the junta changed the name and use Myanmar for the later period.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhist Art of Myanmar Press Release FINAL.Pdf
    News Communications Department Asia Society 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021-5088 AsiaSociety.org Phone 212.327.9271 Contact: Elaine Merguerian 212.327.9313; [email protected] E-mail [email protected] ASIA SOCIETY MUSEUM TO PRESENT FIRST EXHIBITION IN THE WEST FOCUSED ON LOANS FROM COLLECTIONS IN MYANMAR Buddhist Art of Myanmar on view in New York February 10 through May 10, 2015 Asia Society Museum presents a landmark exhibition of spectacular works of art from collections in Myanmar and the United States. Buddhist Art of Myanmar comprises approximately 70 works from the fifth through the early twentieth century and includes stone, bronze, and lacquered wood sculptures as well as textiles, paintings, and ritual implements. The majority of works in the exhibition on loan from Myanmar have never been seen in the West. On view in New York from February 10 through May 10, 2015, the exhibition showcases Buddhist objects created for temples, monasteries, and personal devotion, presented in their historical and ritual contexts. Exhibition artworks highlight the long and continuous presence of Buddhism in Myanmar since Plaque with image of seated Buddha. Pagan period, the first millennium, as well as the unique combination 11th -13th century . Gilded metal with polychrome. of style, technique, and religious deities that appeared 7 x 6.14 x 0.25 in . (17.8 x15.9 x 0.6 cm). Bagan Archaeological Museum. Photo: Sean Dungan. in the arts of Buddhist Myanmar. Buddhist Art of Myanmar includes loans from the National Museums in Yangon and Nay Pyi T aw, the Bagan Archaeological Museum, Sri Ksetra Archaeological Museum, and the Kaba Aye Buddhist Art Museum, as well as works from public and private collections in the United States.
    [Show full text]