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E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2015 No. 181 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, December 15, 2015, at 12 p.m. Senate MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2015 The Senate met at 3 p.m. and was Eternal God, who knows what is best in all they do. May their first alle- called to order by the President pro for us, have Your way in our Nation giance always be to You. Deliver them tempore (Mr. HATCH). and world. Release the power of Your from that extreme hubris that sees f providence on Capitol Hill, using our itself as always right. Help them in- lawmakers to bring peace on Earth and stead to remember that more can be PRAYER good will to humankind. accomplished by striving to unite rath- The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- Lord, inspire them with Your wisdom er than divide. fered the following prayer: in both their public and private lives, We pray in Your wonderful Name. Let us pray. creating in them a desire to please You Amen. NOTICE If the 114th Congress, 1st Session, adjourns sine die on or before December 24, 2015, a final issue of the Congres- sional Record for the 114th Congress, 1st Session, will be published on Thursday, December 31, 2015, to permit Members to insert statements. All material for insertion must be signed by the Member and delivered to the respective offices of the Official Reporters of Debates (Room HT–59 or S–123 of the Capitol), Monday through Friday, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. -
Download Golden Temple
Golden Temple Golden Temple, Amritsar Golden Temple or Harmandir Sahib is the place of pilgrimage for Sikhs located in Amritsar. The temple was designed by Guru Arjun Dev, the fifth Sikh guru. There is no restriction for the member of any community or religion to visit the temple. This tutorial will let you know about the history of the temple along with the structures present inside. You will also get the information about the best time to visit it along with how to reach the temple. Audience This tutorial is designed for the people who would like to know about the history of Golden Temple along with the interiors and design of the temple. This temple is visited by many people from India and abroad. Prerequisites This is a brief tutorial designed only for informational purpose. There are no prerequisites as such. All that you should have is a keen interest to explore new places and experience their charm. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2017 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. -
Khalistan & Kashmir: a Tale of Two Conflicts
123 Matthew Webb: Khalistan & Kashmir Khalistan & Kashmir: A Tale of Two Conflicts Matthew J. Webb Petroleum Institute _______________________________________________________________ While sharing many similarities in origin and tactics, separatist insurgencies in the Indian states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir have followed remarkably different trajectories. Whereas Punjab has largely returned to normalcy and been successfully re-integrated into India’s political and economic framework, in Kashmir diminished levels of violence mask a deep-seated antipathy to Indian rule. Through a comparison of the socio- economic and political realities that have shaped the both regions, this paper attempts to identify the primary reasons behind the very different paths that politics has taken in each state. Employing a distinction from the normative literature, the paper argues that mobilization behind a separatist agenda can be attributed to a range of factors broadly categorized as either ‘push’ or ‘pull’. Whereas Sikh separatism is best attributed to factors that mostly fall into the latter category in the form of economic self-interest, the Kashmiri independence movement is more motivated by ‘push’ factors centered on considerations of remedial justice. This difference, in addition to the ethnic distance between Kashmiri Muslims and mainstream Indian (Hindu) society, explains why the politics of separatism continues in Kashmir, but not Punjab. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction Of the many separatist insurgencies India has faced since independence, those in the states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir have proven the most destructive and potent threats to the country’s territorial integrity. Ostensibly separate movements, the campaigns for Khalistan and an independent Kashmir nonetheless shared numerous similarities in origin and tactics, and for a brief time were contemporaneous. -
Finland Bilateral Relations Finland and India Have Traditionally Enjoyed
March 2021 Ministry of External Affairs **** India – Finland Bilateral Relations Finland and India have traditionally enjoyed warm and friendly relations. In recent years, bilateral relations have acquired diversity with collaboration in research, innovation, and investments by both sides. The Indian community in Finland is vibrant and well-placed. Indian culture and yoga are very popular in Finland. 2019 marked 70 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries. High-level visits - Prime Ministers • Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Finland in 1957 • Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi in 1983. • Prime Minister Pt. Manmohan Singh in 2006. • Mr. Vieno Johannes Sukselainen in 1960 - First Prime Minister of Finland • Prime Minister Mr. Kalevi Sorsa in 1984. • Prime Minister Mr. Matti Vanhanen visited India in March 2006, February 2008 and February 2010 (last two occasions to attend Delhi Sustainable Development Summit). • Prime Minister Mr. Juha Sipilä: Feb 2016 (for Make in India week) Presidential Visits • President of Finland Mr. Urho Kekkonen in 1965 • President Mr. Mauno Koivisto in 1987 • President Mr. Martti Ahtisaari in 1996. • President Mrs. Tarja Halonen in January 2007, February 2009 and February 2012 to attend the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit. • President Shri V.V. Giri in 1971 • President Shri R. Venkataraman in 1988. • President Shri Pranab Mukherjee: October 2014 President Shri Pranab Mukherjee, paid a State Visit to Finland on 14-16 October 2014 accompanied by Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, four Members of Parliament, Officials, academicians and a business delegation. Agreements for cooperation in New and Renewable Energy, Biotechnology, Civil Nuclear Research, Meteorology, Healthcare and Education were signed during the visit. -
Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences
Book review: Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences. Vol.3 No.2 Book Review Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence Israj Khan* Author: Jaswant Singh Publisher: Oxford University Press Karachi Published on: August, 2010 ISBN 978-0-19-547927-0 Price: Rs. 995 Pp: 565 The book under review Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence written by Jaswant Singh,ex Indian Foreign Minister of BJP Government, is a large size, hard cover that also contains over twenty seven pictures of Jinnah and maps of Punjab, Assam and Bengal as well. Jaswant Singh paid a heavy cost on writing such book that was not less than his expulsion from the basic membership of BJP. The book was later banned in Gujarat. Jaswant Singh, ex- Indian Army officer, hails from a Rajput family of Jodhpur, Indian State of Rajasthan. He is one of the few political leaders who served as a Finance Minister, Foreign Minister and Defense minister of India in different political regimes and prolific writers who have many renowned books on his credit. His earlier work include; Defending India (Feb 15, 1999), District Diary (2001), Guru Ke Bete (Punjabi) (2002), Jiwni Baba Sangat Singh Ji (Punjabi) (2002), A Call to Honour: In Service of Emergent India (2006), Travels in Transoxiana (2006), Khankhana Nama (Hindi) (2006), Shoor Shoorma (2007), Till Memory Serves: Victoria Cross Winners Of India (2007), Conflict And Diplomacy East Pakistan Becomes Bangladesh (2008), Our Republic Post 6 December 1992: A Dialogue ,2008. His judicious political views, civility, self-confidence, jingoism and liberal egalitarian personality earned him Outstanding Parliamentarian Award for the year 2001. -
Mapping the 'Khalistan' Movement, 1930-1947: an Overview
Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 55, Issue No. 1(January - June, 2018) Samina Iqbal * Rukhsana Yasmeen** Kalsoom Hanif *** Ghulam Shabir **** Mapping the ‘Khalistan’ Movement, 1930-1947: An overview Abstract This study attempts to understand the struggle of the Sikhs of the Punjab, during the colonial period (1930-1947), for their separate home-land- Khalistan, which to date have been an unfinished agenda. They still feel they have missed the train by joining hands with the Congress Party. There is strong feeling sometime it comes out in shape of upsurge of freedom of moments in the East Punjab. Therefore it is important to understand what was common understanding of the Sikh about the freedom struggle and how they reacted to national movements and why they filed to achieve a separate homeland-Khalistan. The problem is that the Sikh demands have so been ignored by the British government of India and His Majesty’s Government in England. These demands were also were not given proper attention by the Government of Punjab, Muslim leadership and Congress. Although the Sikhs had a voice in the politics and economic spheres their numerical distribution in the Punjab meant that they were concerted in any particular areas. Therefore they remained a minority and could only achieve a small voting strength under separate electorates. The other significant factor working against the Sikh community was that the leadership representing was factionalized and disunited, thus leading to a lack of united representation during the freedom struggle and thus their demand for the creation of a Sikh state could not become a force to reckon. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions Of
E680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 1, 2001 The fact that Vaisakhi Day this year coin- Dr. Aulakh. ‘‘Congressman Rohrabacher was Mr. Struyk’s work at the Christian Health cided with the Jewish celebration of Passover, right when he said that for minorities ‘India Care Center has truly been amazing. He which celebrates the escape from slavery, and might as well be Nazi Germany.’ ’’ Police joined the Center in 1990 as chief financial of- witnesses have confirmed that the police tor- the Christian celebration of Good Friday and tured and murdered the former Jathedar of ficer and moved up to CEO and president in Easter, celebrating the triumph of life over the Akal Takht, Gurdev Singh Kaunke, and 1994. He has created a dynamic and caring death, should underline the importance of human-rights activist Jaswant Singh organization that has served the surrounding freedom, life, and basic human rights for all Khalra. community for many generations. He has in- people. Sikhs ruled Punjab up to 1849 when the spired many with his personal touch in caring American is the hope of the world. It is the British conquered the subcontinent. Sikhs for the elderly. land of freedom. We must take a stand for were equal partners during the transfer of I speak from personal experience. My be- freedom. It is time to stop American aid and power from the British. The Muslim leader loved mother, Margaret Scafati, was cared for Jinnah got Pakistan for his people, the trade with India until it respects basic human Hindu leaders got India, but the Sikh leader- with compassion and professionalism of the rights. -
Damaging Punjabi: 1947 and After Master Tara Singh and Pundit Nehru
Chapter 5 Damaging Punjabi: 1947 and After Master Tara Singh and Pundit Nehru As far as I have studied, observed, and experienced, it is apparently very difficult to be hopeful about the future of the Punjabi language. It is good as well as not good news that the patient will not die soon, but the question is where ultimately a long and protracted illness leads to? History has disoriented all Punjabis – Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims. Muslim Punjabis have yet to discover the heritage of their language. Sikhs since 1947 are in a perpetual quarrel with Delhi and Hindus. And this is not without a background. And Hindu Punjabis, to what extent I am not sure, very unfortunately, have disowned their mother-tongue. And this had happened under the nose of Pundit Nehru. If not before Partition, had he understood the implications and had the capabilities, he would have cornered the Punjabi Hindus on abandoning Punjabi language and forced them back to their ‘homes’. How an enlightened leader can let his people disown their heritage due to some transitory and superficial issues? This was a Himalayan blunder of Punjabi Hindus and they belonged to Congress party! On the other hand, it is impossible to find any wisdom on the part of Sikhs to embark on such political agitation immediately after Partition what ultimately materialized into the Punjabi Suba demand. Before we take up Punjab, let us go to South India and see Pundit Nehru’s working there with an eye on the historical process. It will help us in Punjab. Pundit Nehru and Andhra State Earlier in 1920, the members of the Indian National Congress had agreed on the linguistic reorganization of the Indian states as one of the party's political goals. -
The Institution of the Akal Takht: the Transformation of Authority in Sikh History
religions Article The Institution of the Akal Takht: The Transformation of Authority in Sikh History Gurbeer Singh Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The Akal Takht is considered to be the central seat of authority in the Sikh tradition. This article uses theories of legitimacy and authority to explore the validity of the authority and legitimacy of the Akal Takht and its leaders throughout time. Starting from the initial institution of the Akal Takht and ending at the Akal Takht today, the article applies Weber’s three types of legitimate authority to the various leaderships and custodianships throughout Sikh history. The article also uses Berger and Luckmann’s theory of the symbolic universe to establish the constant presence of traditional authority in the leadership of the Akal Takht. Merton’s concept of group norms is used to explain the loss of legitimacy at certain points of history, even if one or more types of Weber’s legitimate authority match the situation. This article shows that the Akal Takht’s authority, as with other political religious institutions, is in the reciprocal relationship between the Sikh population and those in charge. This fluidity in authority is used to explain and offer a solution on the issue of authenticity and authority in the Sikh tradition. Keywords: Akal Takht; jathedar; Sikh institutions; Sikh Rehat Maryada; Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC); authority; legitimacy Citation: Singh, Gurbeer. 2021. The Institution of the Akal Takht: The 1. Introduction Transformation of Authority in Sikh History. Religions 12: 390. https:// The Akal Takht, originally known as the Akal Bunga, is the seat of temporal and doi.org/10.3390/rel12060390 spiritual authority of the Sikh tradition. -
(UID No.PB-0165) Sessions Case No.15 of 20
State Vs. Arwinder Singh @ Ghoga & others. ~1~ SC No.15 of 2017. IN THE COURT OF RANDHIR VERMA, ADDITIONAL SESSIONS JUDGE, SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH NAGAR. (UID No.PB-0165) Sessions Case No.15 of 2017. Date of institution:22.03.2017. CIS No.SC/37/17. CNR No.PBSB01000970-2017. Date of decision:31.01.2019. State Versus 1. Arwinder Singh @ Ghoga, aged about 29 years, son of Gurnam Singh, resident of Village Pallian Khurd, PS Rahon, District SBS Nagar. 2. Surjit Singh @ Lucky, aged 27 years son of Tek Singh, resident of Village Bahadur Hussain, PS Rangar Nangal, District Gurdaspur. 3. Ranjit Singh, aged about 29 years, son of Kashmir Singh, resident of Village Noch, PS Sadar Kaithal, District Haryana. FIR No.82 dated 24.05.2016, Under Sections 121 and 121-A IPC and Sections 10 and 13 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, Police Station, Rahon. Present:Sh.Davinder Kumar, Additional Public Prosecutor for the State. Accused Arwinder Singh @ Ghoga in custody with Sh.HK Bhambi, Advocate. Accused Surjit Singh @ Lucky in custody with Sh.Rajan Sareen, Advocate. Accused Ranjit Singh in custody with S/Sh.Sarabjit Singh Bains and HL Suman, Advocates. JUDGMENT: Station House Officer, Police Station Rahon, District SBS Nagar has sent the challan against the above named accused for the offences punishable under Sections 121 and 121-A IPC and Sections 10 and 13 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (hereinafter State Vs. Arwinder Singh @ Ghoga & others. ~2~ SC No.15 of 2017. referred as the 1967 Act). The case was received in this Court by way of entrustment on 22.03.2017. -
British Views on Their Invasion of Punjab
THE RETRIBUTION Of THE ARCHIVE: BRITISH VIEWS ON THEIR INVASION OF PUNJAB Jason R. B. Smith HE event known as “The Sikh War,” “The First and Second Silth TWars,” and “The Anglo-Such War,” received considerable attention from former British officers in the aftermath ofthe episode. From 1845 to 1849 the British invaded and reinvaded Punjab, an area in modern northwestern India and north Pakistan whose name literally translates as “Five Rivers,” for the five rivers the territory resides within. Histories written by British administrators and former British soldiers explained the military conquest ofthe Punjab as a decidedly just annexation. These administrators and soldiers described a territory in chaos, to which they brought enlightened rule. In contrast, contemporary historians and scholars suggest that the British manufactured the conditions ofdisorder in the Punjab prior to bringing it stability. These latter historians make use of revealing documents that the former did not take into account, while the former concerned themselves mostly with a vivid account of a victorious campaign against an aggressive enemy. British acting- historians immediately following the military subjugation of Punjab inaccurately represented the violence they brought to the region as a heroic and justified military engagement, whereas the Punjabi people defending their home received the part of barbaric but brave people urgently in need of western values and styles of government. British historiography from the period following the conquest does not stray far from the themes of chaos, instability and culpability. G. Kharana’s British Historiography ofthe Sikh Power in the Punjab serves as an excellent source of analysis on the nature of British historiography,’ Initially, as the British came into contact with Sikhs, they sought out all the knowledge they could get. -
Extensions of Remarks E1551 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
July 27, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1551 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS RECOGNIZING MARY SCOTT-HALL in Travel and Tourism was developed by End DISTURBING ECONOMIC TRENDS IN Child Prostitution Child Pornography and Traf- PUERTO RICO HON. SAM GRAVES ficking of Children for Sexual Purposes, OF MISSOURI ECPAT, along with World Tourism Organiza- HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion, WTO, and has been funded by the OF NEW YORK Thursday, July 27, 2006 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). By IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES signing the Code of Conduct, travel and tour- Mr. GRAVES. Mr. Speaker, I proudly pause ism companies commit to take a series of Thursday, July 27, 2006 to recognize Mary Scott-Hallof Saint Joseph, steps to ensure that they are not facilitating Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to Missouri. Mary is a leader in the Girl Scouts, the trafficking of children for purposes of pros- call attention to the disturbing economic trends representing the Midland Empire for over titution. Law enforcement cannot do it alone. It in Puerto Rico detailed in recently released re- seven years, and she has been chosen to re- takes a multifaceted approach to discourage ports by the General Accountability Office ceive the YWCA Women of Excellence Award sex tourism. (GAO), and the Joint Committee on Taxation for Women in Volunteerism. The Code of Conduct requires that the tour- (JCT). Taken together, these finely written and As a leader in the Girl Scouts, Mary has ism or travel company establish an ethical pol- well-documented studies paint a bleak picture gone beyond her expected role, helping to icy regarding sexual exploitation of children; of an island that—instead of being a model of grow the community’s interest and excitement train its personnel in the country of origin and economic development—has fallen further be- for the Girl Scouts.