Tecnologías Libres Para La Traducción Y Su Evaluación

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Tecnologías Libres Para La Traducción Y Su Evaluación FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y SOCIALES DEPARTAMENTO DE TRADUCCIÓN Y COMUNICACIÓN Tecnologías libres para la traducción y su evaluación Presentado por: Silvia Andrea Flórez Giraldo Dirigido por: Dra. Amparo Alcina Caudet Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana, diciembre de 2012 AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero agradecer muy especialmente a la Dra. Amparo Alcina, directora de esta tesis, en primer lugar por haberme acogido en el máster Tecnoloc y el grupo de investigación TecnoLeTTra y por haberme animado luego a continuar con mi investigación como proyecto de doctorado. Sus sugerencias y comentarios fueron fundamentales para el desarrollo de esta tesis. Agradezco también al Dr. Grabriel Quiroz, quien como profesor durante mi último año en la Licenciatura en Traducción en la Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia) despertó mi interés por la informática aplicada a la traducción. De igual manera, agradezco a mis estudiantes de Traducción Asistida por Computador en la misma universidad por interesarse en el software libre y por motivarme a buscar herramientas alternativas que pudiéramos utilizar en clase sin tener que depender de versiones de demostración ni recurrir a la piratería. A mi colega Pedro, que comparte conmigo el interés por la informática aplicada a la traducción y por el software libre, le agradezco la oportunidad de llevar la teoría a la práctica profesional durante todos estos años. Quisiera agradecer a Esperanza, Anna, Verónica y Ewelina, compañeras de aventuras en la UJI, por haber sido mi grupo de apoyo y estar siempre ahí para escucharme en los momentos más difíciles. Mis más sinceros agradecimientos también a María por ser esa voz de aliento y cordura que necesitaba escuchar para seguir adelante y llegar a feliz término con este proyecto. Gracias a mi familia por su apoyo siempre incondicional y especialmente a mis padres por preocuparse en todo momento por mi bienestar, así como por inculcarme la curiosidad y el amor por los libros desde pequeña. Por último, gracias a Santa por su paciencia para escuchar mis divagaciones monotemáticas durante estos años, por soportar mi mal genio en los momentos de desespero y sobre todo por seguir siendo mi dulce hogar a pesar del tiempo y la distancia. TABLA DE CONTENIDO 0 Introducción.............................................................................................................................1 1 Tecnologías y traducción..........................................................................................................8 1.1 El software libre como alternativa al software privativo.................................................8 1.1.1 Oportunidades.........................................................................................................14 1.1.2 Barreras y riesgos...................................................................................................22 1.2 Clasificación de las tecnologías de la traducción...........................................................26 1.3 Las necesidades de los traductores.................................................................................40 1.3.1 Escenarios de uso....................................................................................................40 1.3.2 Los sistemas de memorias de traducción................................................................41 1.3.2.1 Filtros de conversión.......................................................................................43 1.3.2.2 Coincidencias..................................................................................................45 1.3.2.3 El editor...........................................................................................................46 1.3.2.4 El proceso de traducción en un sistema de memorias de traducción..............47 1.4 Tecnologías libres para la traducción.............................................................................52 1.5 Recapitulación................................................................................................................56 2 Calidad de software................................................................................................................59 2.1 Generalidades.................................................................................................................59 2.2 Evaluación de las tecnologías de la traducción..............................................................67 2.2.1 La propuesta metodológica del grupo EAGLES....................................................69 2.2.2 Adaptaciones de las normas ISO y la propuesta de EAGLES................................74 2.2.2.1 Höge (2002)....................................................................................................75 2.2.2.2 Rico (2001).....................................................................................................76 2.2.2.3 Maślanko (2004).............................................................................................77 2.2.2.4 Filatova (2010)................................................................................................78 2.2.2.5 Guillardeau (2009)..........................................................................................80 2.3 Evaluación de software libre..........................................................................................80 2.3.1 Modelos de calidad de primera generación............................................................81 2.3.1.1 El proyecto Qualification and Selection of Open Source Software (QSOS)..82 2.3.1.2 El proyecto Business Readiness Rating (BRR)..............................................86 2.3.2 Modelos de calidad de segunda generación............................................................90 2.3.2.1 El proyecto Quality Platform for Open Source Software (QualiPSo)............91 2.3.2.2 El proyecto Software Quality Observatory for Open Source Software (SQO- OSS)............................................................................................................................94 2.3.3 Otras propuestas......................................................................................................96 2.3.3.1 Wheeler (2008)...............................................................................................96 2.3.3.2 Van den Berg (2005).......................................................................................98 2.3.3.3 La Certificación de calidad del Centro de Excelencia de Software Libre de Castilla-La Mancha...................................................................................................100 2.3.3.4 El proyecto Open Source Software Management Framework.....................104 2.3.3.5 Modelos de éxito usados en el área de Sistemas de Información.................106 2.4 Recapitulación..............................................................................................................110 3 Trabajo empírico..................................................................................................................123 3.1 Objetivos......................................................................................................................123 3.2 Fase 1: Elaboración del catálogo de software libre para traductores...........................125 3.2.1 Criterios de selección de los programas...............................................................125 3.2.2 Diseño de la ficha para almacenar los datos.........................................................126 3.2.3 Clasificación de los programas.............................................................................127 3.2.4 Fuentes utilizadas para la búsqueda......................................................................128 3.2.5 Recolección de datos............................................................................................132 3.2.6 Resultados de la búsqueda, selección y clasificación de los programas...............133 3.2.7 Difusión del catálogo............................................................................................135 3.2.7.1 El catálogo en Internet..................................................................................135 3.2.7.2 Artículos publicados......................................................................................137 3.3 Fase 2: Definición del método de evaluación..............................................................141 3.3.1 Objetivo................................................................................................................141 3.3.2 Usuarios previstos.................................................................................................141 3.3.3 Perfil del evaluador...............................................................................................141 3.3.4 Actividades y pasos...............................................................................................142 3.3.5 El modelo de calidad............................................................................................143 3.3.5.1 Categorías y criterios....................................................................................144 3.3.5.1.1 Calidad del proyecto..............................................................................144 3.3.5.1.2 Calidad del producto.............................................................................145 3.3.5.2 Atributos y métricas......................................................................................147 3.3.5.3 Procedimientos para
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