THEIR FUTURE IS OUR FUTURE Biodiversity

TRACKS THE INFLIGHT MAGAZINE AFOR COP12

JANE GOODALL: “We are stealing the planet from future generations”

RENEWABLE ENERGIES: Friend or Foe to Migratory Animals?

ANIMALS AROUND THE WORLD: 12 Fascinating Stories from the Field

THEIR FUTURE IS OUR FUTURE biodiversity. with extraordinary of thePhilippines the SuluArchipelago Uninhabited islet in

Photo by Yann Arthus-Bertrand

species. Out of the 17 megadiverse countries, nine are Parties to Parties are nine countries, 17 of the Out megadiverse species. of key conservation the through planet of our health ecological term dia, Madagascar, Peru, South Africa, and the Philippines. the and Africa, South Peru, Madagascar, dia, In Ecuador, Congo, of the Republic Democratic the Brazil, Australia, Animals of Wild Species of Migratory servation can bring. biodiversity only that vitality the with replete morevibrant, but also able, sustain not only future planet’s our to make can we all do us let hosts, ce of the Whale Shark on Shark Whale of the Shark Whale the as such species well-known are 34 these Among table. negotiating on the works in the the in works phurata) fish ( Frigatebird Island Christmas Iof the Appendix in inclusion for the push also will Philippines The protection. strict and immediate with species this to cloak CMS COP CMS Parties of the rence first For the tainable tourism and migratory species. As the major output of the of the output major the As species. migratory and tourism tainable on sus for aresolution and species, for migratory habitats coastal other to contribute their best towards the success of success the towards best their to contribute &People.” Wildlife for Development Sustainable Future: Our is Future “Their theme ference con to the attuned Species, Migratory and Development on Sustainable Philippine International Convention Center in Manila. in Center Convention International Philippine COP 12 COP became a Party to aParty became country Our habitats. their and animals of migratory use sustainable and Today, the Philippines is the only only the is Today, Philippines the Anous minutus Anous This is a great opportunity for our country to contribute to the long- to contribute to country forour opportunity great is a This CMS In this this In We will also press for the promotion of marine protected area net area protected of marine promotion for the press also We will On this note, I strongly urge all stakeholders, especially our partners, partners, our especially stakeholders, all urge Istrongly note, this On (Rhynchobatus australiae)(Rhynchobatus , we will look forward to the crafting of the Manila Declaration Declaration Manila of the crafting to the forward look will , we provides the international legal framework for the conservation conservation for the framework legal international the provides . The Philippines is part of the migration range of these species. these of range migration the of part is Philippines . The CMS COP 12 COP CMS Meeting, which will be held from 23 to 28 October 2017 at the October to 28 23 from held be will which Meeting, (Fregata andrewsi) (Fregata time in Asia, the Philippines will host the triennial Confe triennial the host will Philippines the Asia, in time ASEAN , subspecies , subspecies (Rhincodon typus) (Rhincodon CMS (COP) region and the conservation of critical intertidal and and intertidal of critical conservation the and region CMS – also known as the Bonn Convention – in 1994. –in Convention Bonn the as known –also , the protection of no less than 34 species will be be will species 34 than of no less protection , the of the United Nations‘ Convention on the Con on the Nations‘ Convention United of the Appendix I (Threatened Migratory Species), Migratory I(Threatened Appendix , and the Yellow Bunting Yellow the Bunting , and , and in Appendix Il of the Black Noddy Black of the Il Appendix in , and worcesteri ASEAN . Our country is supporting the listing listing the supporting is country . Our ), the White-spotted Wedge- White-spotted ), the Party State to the Convention. to the State Party CMS COP 12 COP CMS (CMS) . This is the 12th 12th the is . This DENR Secretary of Secretary DENR Roy Cimatu A. (Emberiza sul (Emberiza . As conferen . As the Philippines CMS CMS CMS Their Future isOurFuture ------:

Introduction 3 Introduction

Dr. Barbara Hendricks German Minister for the Amina Mohammed Environment, Nature Conservation, UN Deputy Secretary General Building and Nuclear Safety

The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals are universal, Economic cooperation with developing countries and species conserva- transformative, interconnected, indivisible and inclusive. They are rele- tion are not incompatible, but can join to form a vital link. Eradicating vant to all people in all countries – parliamentarians, policy-makers, aca- poverty, combating hunger and resolving military conflicts are key goals demics, business people, civil society organizations and citizens every- for many developing countries. In the face of such massive challenges, where. Delivering the Goals requires enhanced leadership, coordination, many see concern for endangered species as something of a luxury. trust and accountability with a focus on tangible benefits for all people, Nevertheless, the conservation of wild animals and their diverse hab- especially those furthest behind. itats can form a basis for addressing these primary issues. The commend- I applaud the Convention on Migratory Species for embracing uni- able work of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species versality and interconnectedness in its COP12 slogan. Sustainable de- of Wild Animals (CMS) focuses on wildlife conservation, and its success velopment is indeed for wildlife and people. Only by ensuring a healthy depends on society‘s recognition of this very positive commitment. planet can we achieve the SDGs. Nature conservation and the sustainable Local populations rely on many species listed in the annexes to the management of the environment can and must go hand-in-hand with CMS for their livelihoods, and some animals have a high potential social and economic progress. for regional economic development. The African Elephant, Mountain Far from being an “either/or” choice, conserving our natural heritage Gorilla, cetaceans and sea turtles are examples of invaluable resources for is part of a virtuous circle that we must nurture. The resources dedicated building a sustainable tourism industry. to conservation are too often meagre, yet the benefits that wildlife gene- The sustainable use of many other species generates income and rates are vast, from wildlife tourism to ecosystem services, such as polli- hence creates incentives for supporting their conservation. The rapid glo- nation, seed dispersal and pest control. Let us therefore work to reinforce bal decline in biodiversity makes it clear that the conservation of wildlife the environmental dimension of sustainable development for the benefit is far less a luxury than it is a strategy for human survival. Conservation of all by investing more in the conservation and sustainable management and use, therefore, should not be seen as competing interests but as two of species and ecosystems, particularly at the country level. sides of the same coin. As such, they are a key element of German de- I am pleased that the membership of the Convention on Migrat- velopment cooperation. ory Species continues to grow, and that the Parties see it as an effective I am pleased that the CMS is highlighting the close connection be- means of achieving conservation objectives for species belonging to the tween wildlife and sustainable development, lending useful momentum world’s shared natural heritage. This illustrates that governments have which will drive forward the symbiotic relationship needed between hu- confidence that the Convention can and will deliver on its conservation mans and the environment. objectives. I wish the CMS and the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties Examples of recent successes include: an increase in the number of every success and good progress on the road to greater sustainable de- Mountain Gorillas in the Great Lakes region of Africa; robust protec- velopment for wildlife and people. tion by Malta of migratory birds in the Mediterranean; the recovery of the Ganges River Dolphin; the stabilization of Harbour Porpoise populations in Europe; and the reintroduction of the Arabian Oryx to the wild. It is worth noting that, in many cases of conservation success, the engagement of multiple stakeholders, particularly local communities, is instrumental. I wish you a successful COP12 and count on you to continue to convert words into action for the sustainable development of wildlife and people.

4 Their Future is Our Future 5 6 Introduction byBradnee Chambers our our –but need and deserve species ratory mig and environment the that sources re and the attention obtain fight to We ever. as a tough face daunting as remain challenges but the then, since Parties and partners alike. partners and Parties of support strong continuing the from benefitted also has Convention The its. recru potential further with engaging COP11 for Quito in assembled Parties the it really Can species to the Convention’s to Appen the species further to add Parties by made posals to reaction My other. the deliver for one helps –how working conservation and Goals Development Sustainable the between I am delighted I am solved. to be are wildlife migratory afflicting blems pro the if needed are that changes the affect to vehicle global effective most the it as see and Convention the ing join- are more countries more and that heartened Iam hand, other the On right. be may extinction mass sixth the witnessing are we that view pessimistic the that suggesting status, servation con deteriorating and unfavourable an with morespecies even are there that it shows side, negative the On xed. mi rather confess, Imust was, dices ding Brazil and the the and Brazil ding –inclu Parties new important some COP ? A great deal has been achieved been has deal ? Agreat theme stresses the linkage linkage the stresses theme be three years ago, that that ago, years three be that that the number of pro number the UAE CMS – and we are are we –and has gained ------

nistry of Environment of Environment nistry We like would magazine! inflight of an that than to emulate format moreappropriate what migrations, up on their clock Appendices – authors, artists and wildlife photogra wildlife and artists – authors, of contributors army an from received have content we creative the for all and lines) for air magazines produce (they usually at Territory team experienced the by vided pro guidance expert for the grateful also We possible. are publication special this to make contribution voluntary the ding phers from around the world. the around from phers UN Environment’s Nairobi Headquarters. Headquarters. Nairobi Environment’s UN at Conventions and Law Environmental of Division the of Branch Governance and Law the headed previously He governance. and law international on expert aknown and 2013 since CMS of Secretary that some of the bird species on the on the species bird of some the that miles air the considering and before type of this amagazine produced never have “ sustainably. used are they used, are they where that ensure and species migratory protect that partners with activities concrete the velop de We also must Parties. the by agreed programmes the deliver can Secretariat the that so resources necessary the secure We maintain must DR. BRADNEE CHAMBERS CHAMBERS BRADNEE DR. Tracks ” is a is new departure for departure new to thank the German Mi German the to thank the momentum and and momentum the (BMUB) is the Executive Executive the is for provi CMS – we we – CMS ------

Photo by Aydin Bahramlouian

Their Future isOurFuture 7 8 (Getty Images). Photo by Bearded Vulture, Avian: Simon J.Pierce Photo by Whale Shark, Aquatic: Arthus-Bertrand Photo by Elephants inKenya, Terrestrial: THE COVERS: ABOUT thoughts ontheCOP. lifework andshares She talks abouther series Heart&Pulse. viewed herinthe Goodall. CMSinter Illustration ofJane Content Overview

Patrick Donini Yann

HEART & PULSE I &PULSE HEART Travels and Travails of a Travails Travels and ESSAYS 24-27 centred Democracy Earth- with Storm the Buffering Next; be Will Things Wild the Where Birds?; or Foe –Friend for Energies Renewable BIG ISSUE I 18 Life in A Mission Yann Arthus-Bertrand: with Interview 16 Antelopes Saiga through Development The Ghost, Mountain Sustainable ASIA CENTRAL I &ANIMALS PEOPLE 10 Chambers Barbara Hendricks by INTRODUCTION 0 dor; A Question of Collective Will of Collective A Question dor; 2 –1 – –0 –1 Roy A. Cimatu, Cimatu, A. Roy 23 7 3 7 : CLIMATE CHANGE and Bradnee Bradnee and Amina Mohammed Amina CMS :

Ambassa-

, CMS INFLIGHT 46 H.S.H. MONACO GREETINGS FROM 50 The The Migration Map Migration The WILDLIFE CRIME WILDLIFE A Dangerous Calling CMS & CITES CMS for Profit; Killing BIG ISSUE I 38 The the Wilderness of Wonders J. Pierce: Simon with Interview I &PULSE HEART 36 maker film documentary to the A tribute ROB STEWART 34 Program Seas Sustainable Mantas,Dugongs, Angelsharks; Marine Communities OCEANS 2 A PEOPLE & ANIMALS I &ANIMALS PEOPLE 8 – – – – – – SMART 51 49 33 37 35 45 CMS Prince Albert Prince work for theconservation of People &AnimalsIIsection, Fleet; Fleet; A Manta Ray featured inthe describing communities’ Approach; Approach; aquatic species. I: : A Common Cause; Cause; Common A :

: I

Photo by Bernard Radvaner/Getty Images; Jonathan Harrod/Minden Pictures/Getty Images CMS about to know need you Everything COP &THE CMS ABOUT 92–93 ESSAY 84 Device Warning ANew Debris; Marine Noise; Ocean World are Citizens; Sharks OCEANS THE TO THREATS BIG ISSUE III: 76 Path Our is Path Their High; are Stakes The Goals; Development Sustainable CMS AND SDGS THE 72 Primates Protecting Goodall: Jane with Interview 70 not resilient or Resilient Oryx; horned Scimitar- The Bees; and Elephants nities; Africa: from Stories AFRICA II &ANIMALS PEOPLE 62 of the Winners ESSAY COMPETITION 58 photographers wildlife leading of four Profiles AND CONSERVATIONCAMERAS 52–57 Wetlands Zabad Anjar Hima Flyway, Asian-Australasian East The FLYWAYS IV: &ANIMALS PEOPLE 88–91 to see what to go, Where ECO-TOURISM 86–87 Asia Central in Mammals for Atlas aMigration Building ATLAS CAMI 85 Species Migratory of Conservation and Roads and Belt Ecological Competition HEART & PULSE I &PULSE HEART – – – – – 73 71 83 69 61 and the the and to Protect COP SDG

the Planet the Essay African Commu- African

CONTRIBUTORS 99 PUZZLES 98 Facts Surprising FACTS FUN 96–97 Now? They Are Where CMS INTERNS 95 Species Migratory in Show Only forThe Town ESSAY 94 Fighting the Good Fight – and Winning! – and Fight Good the Fighting GOOD NEWS 102 MAKES ADIFFERENCE« MATTERS, ANDEVERY »EVERY INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL JANE GOODALL

Their Future isOurFuture tory species. dependency onmigra highlights countries’ Future isOurFuture” The slogan “Their listing onAppendixI. Shark, proposed for hip species:theWhale the Philippines’ flags host country featuring COP logo refers to its the first time.The will beheld inAsiafor This year, theCOP and theirhabitats. ture threatens birds Expanding infrastruc 50 millionwaterbirds. is travelled byover Australasian Flyway The East Asian–

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People & Animals I: Central Asia

The SNOW tral and South the wild today, LEOPARD Asia. With Snow Leopards inhabits moun- an estimated are one of the Kyrgyzstan tain terrains of population of most endan- twelve Range 4,080–6,590 gered big cats The mountain ghost Tajikistan States in Cen- remaining in in the world.

BY TANYA ROSEN The Panthera Snow Leopard Program works in seven of the Central Asian countries where this cat, known as the ‘mountain ghost’, lives. It focuses on reducing conflicts with humans while supporting community-based conser- vancies, which help increase Snow Leopard prey, build informant networks to detect poaching and illegal wildlife trade, and reduce trafficking of the cat and its quarry by training dogs for tracking. The most representative community in terms of Snow Leopards and Argali Sheep is the Ali- chur village conservancy, Burgut, at an eleva- tion of 4,000m in Tajiki- stan. The initiative was

Photo by Sebastian Kennerknecht/Panthera by Sebastian Photo deemed necessary due

Their Future is Our Future 11 nificent mountain ghost. mountain nificent mag and elusive the to conserve quest the in step -apositive prospering is and sions conces such by supported is conservancy Alichur Now the poaching. opposing in allies fact in were they that them suading per by opposition their overcame and ted as competition. However, However, competition. as conservancy the viewed which concessions hunting neighboring from namely ion, opposit- some was there naturally though for students. scholarships funding as well as school, the and teachers for the sources more re obtain and cooking, and heating energy-efficient in invest hospital, better a to build hope they tourism, and hunting from profits the With community. the in people of the lives the improve and wildlife to manage ameans as use sustainable and tourism to view members the encouraged and conservancy the to establish needed others. amongst vehicles) their in poachers to block dirt the in hidden les need and traps (camera for antipoaching tools of creative of avariety use the and Leopards; Snow live and products wildlife of to seizures leading networks formant of in development Leopards); Snow and herders between conflict reduced have (which corrals of predator-proofing are activities conservation specific The rities. autho for the up areport to draw survey with own their on area the patrol They purposes. poaching for anti traps camera and maps, 12 Panthera by trained are conservationists local The relatives. from remittances and agriculture mountain subsistence off live They tion. up conserva to take hunting abandoned have who hunters traditional former are too. are bears brown and lynx wolves, as such carnivores and ibex project; the from benefitting species Yet these are not only trap. camera program’s on the caught were Leopards Snow three 2016, in and 500 to over grew Sheep of Argali population the up,set was initiative the after years five Almost Leopards. Snow of spotting sence ab to due aprolonged 100), and than (less Sheep of Argali number low very to the People &AnimalsI:Central Asia The program has achieved success, success, achieved has program The Panthera The principal actors in the program the program in actors principal The to do surveys and to use to use and to surveys do Panthera helped negotiate the legal steps steps legal the negotiate helped undertaking an annual annual an undertaking Panthera media GPSs ------,

Sustainable environments. breathe incold, sandy ters andallow themto snouts actasairfil- tems. Theelephant-like role intheseecosys herds play animportant nomadic grazing, the Because oftheir lands ofCentral Asia. steppe andaridgrass- lives inthesemi-desert The Saiga Antelopes Development through SAIGA ANTELOPE Russian Federation Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Mongolia -

China until recently. until China in found also was and winters, harsh in Turkmenistan into to venture it used though Mongolia, and Uzbekistan tion, Federa Russian the Kazakhstan, in found is species The climate. aharsh in greenery tracking km of up to 1,000 migrations seasonal undertook historically Saiga the world. real the in wildlife and for people win-wins achieve it to is of how challenging and species, of migratory conservation the with twine inter- can development of how sustainable Antelope Saiga The nal economies economies nal natio States’ Range and livelihoods local supporting trade, and for food hunted be again could which aspecies as status its reflects This envisioned”. be again can use sustainable that point to the species the restore “to is Plan Action the vision of The vernments, vernments, go brought which Species, on Migratory Convention the under Plan Action cessful suc of a very development the included species the conserve to action national Inter 10 years. within of cent Saigas per 90 of around loss the causing poaching, to rampant led upheaval Political Union. break-up Soviet of of the the time the by individuals 1-2 to number covered million re- species the century, 19th the in ting Having been nearly extirpated by hun by extirpated nearly been Having steppes, Eurasian of the ungulate An NGOs (SDG12) and scientists together. together. scientists and BY is a perfect example example aperfect is

. E.J. Milner-Gulland ------

Photo by VictorTyakht/Getty Images/iStockphoto to bounce back. Saiga conservation ac conservation Saiga back. to bounce species for the enough high were numbers weeks. afew in of cent one population per 60 killed midity hu and temperature in to changes linked infection abacterial 2015 in to disease; vulnerable be more also may species The to adapt. species the to allow state open an in maintained be must habitats species’ the Kazakhstan; in northwards bution (SDG13) (SDG9) growth for economic necessary velopment de infrastructural Linear States. Range forchoices and trade-offs requires future asustainable in place Saiga‘s the Realizing

ally promoting poaching. Climate change Climate poaching. promoting ally potenti and migration blocking by future This has happened before, but survivors’ survivors’ but before, happened has This , represents a threat to the Saiga‘s Saiga‘s to the athreat , represents is already shifting Saiga distri Saiga shifting already is - - - - -

through embroidery embroidery through at the same time fulfilling the fulfilling time same at the (SDG4) also reducing poaching poaching reducing also ting environmental education and under and education environmental ting By promo range. their sharing people the of lives the influence positively can tions standing of natural and cultural heritage heritage cultural and of natural standing inequality can be reduced reduced be can inequality areas to brought these be can work productive rangers, ment for as men and people. people. and for nature future abrighter and prosperity peace, world towards our of transforming nerships. These partnerships partnerships These nerships. part building are Plan Action Saiga the to implement taken actions the thorities, au wildlife and teachers women‘s groups, leaders, local governments, with king , alternative livelihoods for women livelihoods , alternative (SDG5) (SDG15) (SDG10) , and employ , and (SDG17) (SDG8) SDG . By wor , while vision vision and and are are Their Future isOurFuture ------

13 “Cranes are magnificent dancers, international travelers and great ambassadors for conservation worldwide. What birds could be more deserving of our help and protection?”

~ Sir David Attenborough

Conserving all 15 species of cranes requires a broad commitment to the people and places essential to cranes. Since our inception in 1973, the International Crane Foundation has dramatically grown in reach and impact, while steadily developing our capacity to address the health of the landscapes that sustain not Learn more at only cranes, but also people and a wealth of biological diversity. www.savingcranes.org Black Crowned Crane, Balearica pavonina - Photo by Ted Thousand Heart & Pulse I: Yann Arthus-Bertrand

have not made enough of the fact that we How successful has international co- must love one another. The message of operation been, in your eyes, in protec- A Mission in Life the papal encyclical on the environment ting migratory wildlife and the planet? is that protecting the environment can be How should governments step up their seen in terms of loving people and loving efforts? life. At the moment, the project that has It is me who is responsible for my life my attention most is “Woman” in the and it is me who can do something about world as a follow-up to “Human”. I also it – it is about taking responsibility. This hope that I will be proud of “Woman”. is what my work is all about. The COP is What first motivated you to become in- very important but if citizens do not sup- volved in conservation? port the policies agreed, it won’t do any Humans are part of nature and we cannot good. The ordinary citizens have to sup- treat humans separately. We are insuffi- port these policies, and my task is to try to ciently aware of the destruction going on convince them. Governments do not have around us – and of how important biodi- all the solutions – people do. We all are versity is for us. When I was born, there part of the solution. were two billion people – now there are What progress would you like to see in 7.4 billion devouring the planet. Our way the next few years? of life might have been sustainable with a You should not view the world too cyni- population of two billion but it is not any cally – look at the world with love. If you more. love the world, then it goes without saying Can you relate to the CMS COP 12 theme that you want to protect it. What we need “Their Future, Our Future”? How does it much more is love – that’s all. relate to your own personal work and efforts regarding wildlife conservation? What makes me deeply despondent is the lack of interest about species extinction. You are known for your stunning works Animals should be regarded like natio- as photographer, filmmaker and en- nal treasures, like something that no one vironmentalist. Furthermore you are a should be allowed to touch, enjoying ab- UNEP goodwill ambassador, reporter solute protection. But we are in denial by and activist. With which of these roles turning a blind eye to what we are doing. do you most closely identify and why? Your work has shown your “commitment None of these roles is more important to arouse a collective and responsible »IF YOU LOVE than any of the others – but what is im- conscience” (according to your website). portant is to be a human being and to be How do you find examples of said cons- successful in one’s life as a person. You cience being achieved? THE WORLD can have a successful career but it is much There are no ready-made solutions that more difficult to be a successful person. I we can simply take “off the shelf”. To- THEN IT GOES like to give meaning to what I am doing – day every single one of us should act. We that can often involve having doubts, but should not wait for politicians or even WITHOUT SAYING also taking opportunities and speaking Conferences of the Parties to come and out about the problems we face today. I go, nor for businesses to get involved or THAT YOU WANT YANN ARTHUS-BERTRAND can do this by appearing on TV, making even our next-door neighbours. Get in- films or writing books. As a journalist, I volved yourself. I think that each of us has has had a varied career having at different TO PROTECT IT« times been the manager of a nature reserve, see my role as acting as a bridge – to cap- a mission on Earth, which gives meaning reporter, photographer, film-maker and ture an idea and convey it. to our lives. Don’t expect politicians to even a hot-air balloon pilot. He created the Goodplanet Foundation, an organization Which of your projects are you most provide all the answers. We have the po- dedicated to raising awareness of sustain- proud of and why? liticians we deserve, if we want bold and able development issues. A lifetime of environmental activism led to Yann being made The most satisfying film I have made is strong politicians, we must be bold and Goodwill Ambassador for UNEP’s Earth Day. “Human”. It is not so much about the strong ourselves. We need to back them. environment, but about the love of life, A collective and responsible conscience although loving life entails loving the en- for our environment is the very basis of vironment. Now I think that ecologists successful international cooperation.

16 Illustration by Berto Martinez Their Future is Our Future 17 by half. of killed Vultures reduce thenumber turbines helpedto So-called OFF ON DEMAND" "SHUT- while hunting. with windturbines as bats collide ry year inGermany 250,000 BATS Wind farms kill eve- fossil fuels. be usedinstead of solar power must oceanic, windand To stop WARMING GLOBAL , hydro-,

Photo by Prisma RENEWABLE NRIS – ENERGIES FRIEND OR FOE?

FOR BIRDS? FRIEND ORFOE ENERGIES – RENEWABLE servation interests. servation con and industry agencies, development governments, from players of key a range 20 mix. of the part be must power solar and wind oceanic, hydro-, then it needs, energy the on with populati human growing world’s the vide to pro and warming global orstop reverse To fuels. on fossil dependency our reduce to are we if essential are sources newable re from needs energy world’s the deliver of deployment The Big Issue I:Climate Change in the coming years, there is an opportuni an is there years, coming the in Africa in place to take expected networks ty by by 2016. Convened November in servation Con Species Migratory with velopments De Sector Energy Selected Reconciling Task Force Multi-Stakeholder of on the routes. migration and habitats wildlife on effects detrimental have can conservation, nature with dealing to those concern of great and, landscape, on the mark their leave which cables, and of pylons infrastructure substantial a requires this And it needed. is where schools and hospitals factories, offices, homes, to the it generated is where from transmitted be must electricity produced, of how it is Regardless future. sustainable and better acleaner, to building barriers the overcome us help will that bullet ver With the greatest expansion of electrici expansion greatest the With But renewable energy is not the sil not is the energy But renewable Cape Town hosted the first meeting meeting TownCape first the hosted CMS , the Task, the Force together brought new technologies to technologies new ------tion ofless than0.1%. loss ofpower genera dropped byhalffor a Spain, thenumberof were implemented in Where theseturbines VULTURES KILLED , - low wind speeds, which is when bats, for in bats, when is which speeds, wind low with periods or during season migration the as –such for wildlife times sensitive most at the deactivated to be turbines requiring habitat degradation. and poaching for disease, pressure under wildlife, beleaguered already continent’s of the death-knell the sound could and real are missed, is chance this if dangers, The way. friendly environmentally an in built is infrastructure new the that to ensure ty One solution is “shut-off on demand” “shut-off is solution One demand” on -

Photo by Rost-9D/Getty Images/iStockphoto ric Cooperation Agreement to support an an to support Agreement Cooperation ric ahisto signed Netzservice Rhein-Ruhr independent review and the development development the and review independent and Waterbird Agreement ratory cent. 0.1 per than of less generation of power for aloss half by dropped killed, Vultures of Griffon number the Spain, in implemented was this Where insignificant. is lost electricity of potential amount the times, at such productive least at their also are turbines the As moreactive. are stance, In 2010 the African-Eurasian Mig African-Eurasian 2010In the RWE - -

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pany of pany com adaughter Netzservice, Rhein-Ruhr book, book, award-winning the co-authored he Johnson, Stanley with Along rapporteur. as meetings similar and tee Commit Standing attends regularly He 2006. since CMS with editor consultant been Team has cations excluded from the outset. the from excluded be must routes migration on animals’ tes si bottleneck Major assessments. impact environmental of component essential an is sites critical other and Sites Ramsar areas, protected areas, bird important as such importance, of conservation habitats possible, where avoiding, maps, zoning on national based lines of power rection powerlines. the with birds of large collision the to reduce to try ameasure as helicopter a using powerlines high-voltage to flectors” “bird-re preventive fitting in specialized has company The Europe. in companies rasian region. rasian African-Eu the in grids power electricity and birds migratory between conflict the avoiding and for mitigating of guidelines possible through the support from from support the through possible region. African-Eurasian of the scale larger the on understood poorly still is conflict grid bird-power of the magnitude the grid, power electricity on the fatalities from birds on protecting legislation specific passed ROBERT VAGG ROBERT Designing the location, route and di route and location, the Designing The international review was made made was review international The already have countries many Although Survival: Saving Endangered Migratory Species. Migratory Endangered Saving Survival: RWE , one of the largest energy energy largest , one of the of the Secretariat’s Communi Secretariat’s the of Their Future isOurFuture RWE - 21 ------

Big Issue I: Climate Change

Climate change is highly debated, expec- If we continue as we now are, the dawn ted to hit everyone directly or indirectly, WHERE THE WILD BUFFERING THE STORM of the next century will grieve the loss of and a source of enormous economic and icons—gorillas, polar bears, lions, tuna, societal development challenges. But when warblers and orangutans, and with them it comes to assessing nature’s response to THINGS WILL BE NEXT WITH EARTH-CENTERED the silent demise of thousands of species climate change, and how this may affect hardly known. Each of these species shares us, what do we actually know? DEMOCRACY a landscape and seascape with human Even though climate change is generally communities. Their cost will be our loss. perceived as a synonym of global warming, For some, our vistas are forests. Others an increased average temperature on Earth look out to the sea and some on endless is not the only consequence to be expected: frozen horizons. These are not empty changes in seasonal rainfall and tempera- places. They are alive with wildlife, with ture patterns, in the frequency of extreme which we commune. But, decisions about events, ocean acidification and in green- these local spaces are now made in an in- house gas concentrations are also to be ternational political space. Globally cent- anticipated. Responses of species to such ralized pronouncements strip the choice of changes will thrive, adapt or go extinct. association away from all of us, replacing While much work has been done on them with mono-culture market environ- identifying those species with increased mentalism. If we remain on this path, we conservation concern, little coordinated will fail to protect the diversity of what we research has been done on species likely to need and cherish. The desperate grip on be forced to colonize new environments, the current world order, with power ves- potentially changing how recipient sys- ted in the hands of a few, will become the tems function. In some situations, these lifting force that feeds the thunderhead. moves could pose a substantial, yet quite We will have a perfect storm. understated, challenge to human society. There is another way – conservation Shifts in species distributions, inclu- rooted in equity and the cooperative ending migratory species’ ranges, are al- gagement of local custodians, rather ready happening, leading to serious conse- than a percentage of territories set aside quences for the economy, food security, for protection or high-end tourism ven- and human health: tropical fish are expan- tures. SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong ding their distribution towards the poles, Institutions and CMS Resolution 11.11: destroying for example economically im- Species RESPONSES species to extinction. Changing distribu- We have lived by the assumption that The current rate of Enhancing the Relationship between TO CLIMATE CHANGE: species extinction is portant kelp forests in Australia. Ticks are some will thrive, some tion of species within and between coun- our political system will naturally evolve already 1000 TIMES the CMS Family and Civil Society have more commonly found in northern lati- will adapt if able to tries, and between national borders and for the better. We were wrong. A massive THE PACE if humans opened the door for this opportunity, but change their ecology, were not a factor. tudes, leading to more Lyme disease cases and some will go the global commons will require increased storm is coming; a converging crisis, un- more is needed. in these regions. More broadly, terrestrial extinct. international cooperation combined with like anything we’ve experienced before. Involving communities is more than Achieving just and species have been shown to move poleward adequate resources. The combined forces of climate change diverse conservation hiring local park rangers or eco-tour by 17 km on average each decade, while Shifts in the ranges of A global redistribution of much of the and political upheaval will be a tempest requires A NEW DE- guides to monitor and blow the whistle on marine species move by 72 km. migratory species are migratory wildlife is likely, but research of our making, at a time in human history MOCRATIC DIRECTION illegal hunting. Achieving just and diverse leading to SERIOUS that elevates local The arrival of new species in estab- CONSEQUENCES for is currently needed to identify (i) those when our knowledge prevents us from pre- voices to the decisi- conservation requires a new Earth-cen- lished communities can create chaos, dis- the economy, food species most likely to redistribute and (ii) tending we didn’t see it coming. on-making table. tred, democratic direction that elevates security, and human turbing predation, herbivory, host-plant health. those redistributions likely to most affect While society focuses on the human local voices to the decision-making table. associations, competition, and mutualistic ecosystem services delivery. Without it, costs, the natural world is lurching. The How we prepare and what we do will dic- interactions, ultimately reducing the deli- deciding on the best way to conserve this current rate of species extinction is alrea- tate what survives the approaching storm. very of ecosystem services. Moving spe- unique component of biodiversity will be dy one thousand times the pace if humans We can choose to save birdsong, but the cies could indeed lead to changes in the as good as guess work. were not a factor. Last year the Internatio- choice must be a conscious one. local supply of food and other products nal Union for the Conservation of Nature humans use from nature; in some cases, reported, of the 85,604 species assessed this may mean reduction or even disap- NATHALIE PETTORELLI is a researcher on their ‘Red List’, 24,307 are threate- MARGI PRIDEAUX is the Policy and Negoti- pearance of the locally exploited species, and ecologist at the Zoological Society of London. ned with extinction. In the near future, ations Director for Wild Migration, and an inter- Her research focuses on biodiversity monitoring, national wildlife policy writer. She has worked in either because these had to shift their and assessing and predicting the impact of global rapid shifts, caused by climate change, conservation for 27 years. She wrote an essay on distribution, or because new species have environmental change on biological diversity and will exceed the ability of many species to the role for CMS in Global Environmental Go- moved in and driven the local exploited ecosystem services. migrate or adjust. vernance and Wildlife.

22 Their Future is Our Future 23 Essay by Stanley Johnson

Migratory species constitute those 8,000 Travels and to 10,000 of the world’s 1.8 million known species that travel at regular intervals, Travails of a CMS mostly between feeding and breeding grounds. Sometimes thousands of miles Ambassador separate these areas but in other cases the distances are relatively short, straddling national boundaries. Migratory species range in form from gorillas and leopards to fish, turtles, bats and birds. They vary in size from elephants to featherweight insects such as the Monarch Butterfly. The world’s biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate. Measured across the globe, population sizes of vertebrate species – mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish show a decline of 58 per cent between 1970 and 2012. If current trends continue, the decline could reach two-thirds by 2020. Current threats to biodiversity include habitat loss and degradation, species overexploitation, pollution, invasive species and disease and climate change. Migratory species may be especially vulnerable, in the sense that no one country can secure their survival on its own. In- ternational cooperation is an absolute pre- requisite for their conservation and this adds further complexity and vulnerability. I have had the honour to serve as an Ambassador for the United Nations En- vironment Programme’s Convention on Migratory Species for the last ten years. Over this last decade, I observed and supported the efforts being made by CMS and others around the globe to ensure that this vital international cooperation takes place. In my journeys around the world, the sheer enthusiasm, knowledge and dedica- tion has struck me with which Parties of CMS and its agreements, and the suppor- ters in the scientific and NGO community, approach their vital work. Still, the challenges remain immense. I am confident that CMS will continue to play an important role in ensuring the successful confrontation of those challenges. WILL ONLY WORDS REMAIN? The International Fund for Animal Welfare works to protect STANLEY JOHNSON has been an Ambassador animals and the places they call home. Migratory species for CMS since 2007. He was awarded the RSPB Me- are relying on us to work together to ensure their survival. dal for services to conservation and the WWF Lea- der of the Living Planet Award. He is the co-author We don’t have to live in a world where only words remain. of Survival: Saving Endangered Migratory Species. Images Creative/Getty by Aurora Photo

24 Essay by Azzedine Downes A QUESTION OF COLLECTIVE WILL “We can be the first generation to

This sentence from the Agenda 2030 nities to protect critical elephant corridors declaration reflects the call for action for across national boundaries, or protecting Sustainable Development, and the second, whales and sharks in the ocean, the chal- succeed in ending more sobering part could not better en- lenge remains the same: How do we as hu- capsulate the challenge we are all facing mans live peacefully alongside the animals to protect the many animals that sha- that share our home? re this home with us. The theme for the Creating secure environments for wild- 12th CMS COP, Their Future is Our Future life while also ensuring the safety of the poverty; Just as – Sustainable Development for Wildlife and people living close by will require large- People, challenges us to confront the task scale cooperation among international of delivering the Sustainable Development organizations, national governments and Goals by protecting migratory wildlife. local communities. First and foremost, The slogan “Their Future is Our -Fu however, it is a question of collective will. we may be the last ture” can sound glib, but it has never been Nations must agree that they want to share more prescient. Plant and animal life, eco- the planet with animals. systems and everything they provide for us Wildlife is part of our shared global are so fundamental to achieving sustain- heritage. We derive quantifiable benefits to have a chance of able development that we have no hope from animals that help maintain healthy of achieving it unless we protect nature. ecosystems and support tourism. And we Their future is in our hands. And ours is derive difficult-to-quantify but equally -im in theirs. portant benefits from the joy that animals Where we find intense animal suffering bring to our lives. Animals, and migrat- saving the planet.” or loss, we also find people struggling for ory animals in particular, are so important their survival. It is imperative that those to so many societies that the world would AGENDA 2030 DECLARATION concerned with wildlife protection under- be immeasurably poorer if we lost them. stand the needs of communities living A world without wildlife and wild places alongside wildlife, and partner with those would be a bleaker place for us all. communities to protect it. Conservationists often speak of the need to manage animal populations. But we forget that these are wild and often AZZEDINE DOWNES is President and CEO of the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). unpredictable animals. The only thing we He has 25 years of international experience in the ma- have a hope of managing is human behavi- nagement of non-profit and government agencies and our. Whether it is working with commu- has managed several operations in several countries.

26 Their Future is Our Future 27 Marine People &AnimalsII:Oceans Communities

Photo by Bernard Radvaner/Getty Images

Ecuador Islands Canary

Indonesia South Pacific vide important Indonesia pro Vanatu and Canary Islands, Ecuador, the The coasts of

- areas provide dugongs. These sharks to species, from many aquatic habitat for future. these species’ ted to ensure must beprotec and habitat and protection, food - concerned. Themobili stances andthespecies pends onlocal circum choice ofmeasures de nature. Thespecific preserving wildlife and yet vital component of species isachallenging servation of marine Community-based con VAN HOEK ALEXANDRA BY species are selected” sures for protecting a most suitable mea factors, to ensure the ing ofrelevant social a clear understand- by scientificdata and making isinformed happens whendecision- “Effective conservation cies isgreatly lessened. nefits to thetarget spe effective andbringbe gislative changeswillbe likelihood thatanyle active participation,the fective, aswithout their munities can bevery ef zation ofcoastal com Their Future isOurFuture 29 ------

30 People &AnimalsII:Oceans range. easterly border ofthe Pacific. Itforms the in theSouthwest more than80islands pelago consists of The Vanuatu Archi- waters. habitats inPeruvian Ecuador to birthing from habitats in population ofoceanic The world’s largest MANTA RAYS DUGONG’S Vanuatu Ecuador natural migrates Peru

forts by this project and this legislation has has legislation this and project this by forts ef to due the protected, nationally Rays ta manta-related ecotourism. through income how to generate learn can they so skills, new learning and ways their changing to resistant previously fishermen, to training provides Project Manta The ries. fishe in $5 million with compared million of US$140 value tourism annual an have Rays Manta Peru. in conservation Ray ta for Man support governmental and te local genera to ecotourism), and towards fishing from for(away fishermen livelihoods tive alterna supports that programme a novel and outreach, and education research, tific Peru. in rays of manta conservation for the project acollaborative in forces joined thus Oceano Planeta and WildAid Manta The Trust, waters. Peruvian in habitats nursery and birthing to unprotected Ecuador, in bitats ha protected its from seasonally migrates population manta largest The II. Iand dix all species have been listed on listed been have species all bycatch, from pressure to additional Due tonic. apseudo-medicinal as used plates gill for their desire agrowing from sulting re scale, global on a of fisheries expansion arapid by threatened are Rays, Mobula the cousins, smaller their and Rays Manta world. the across efforts conservation nity commu successful demonstrate examples four following The solutions. developing when communities these within people the to engage need Conservationists come. in the substitute can that livelihoods tive alterna to find communities to work with importance of utmost It therefore come. is in- additional needed much contributes instance, for fishing, –and table on the food putting as such concerns more pressing out to loses conservation Rather, animals. the protecting in adisinterest from stems rarely this measures, conservation with Project). Manta (Peru Ender Isabel states At the end of 2015, Peru declared Man declared Peru of end 2015, the At scien combines Project Manta The Peru Where communities do not do comply communities Where PERU MANTA PROJECT CMS

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outcomes for animals. its outcomes positive to achieve managers resource with communication close and “ambassadors”, of local training engagement, community research, scientific sound combines that arole model as serves Project Manta Peru The required. culturally and ethically also but implementation, to effective essential not is only to conservation approach ven community-dri a thus ment difficult, is enforce that remember must Governments coastline. a 1,200km along socialized been commitment to the to the commitment its Vanuatu fulfill helping is Department, Vanuatu Fisheries the and Conservation and Protection ment of Environmental Environmental Science Society Society Science Environmental The community. toVanuatu the income bring can and for tourists adraw are gongs doubt. in is gongs Du and meadows seagrass of both future the change, climate of effects uncertain the with combination in and coast the to affect starting is development Nonetheless, ture. infrastruc lack remote and are islands the of Most place. in are Dugongs or killing on harming ataboo placing as such thods me moretraditional and resources natural of management of history Along system. fly chie the via governance with lifestyle ence a subsist- leads population human of the majority The range. natural Dugong’s the border of easterly very the at lies Pacific, South the in islands volcanic eighty-three of remote archipelago asmall Vanuatu, to the communities. communities. to the benefits bring also will conservation their carbon, store and absorb and sediments stabilize to help resources, fish important of grounds nursery as serve meadows grass sea- As on them. depend that Turtles Green and Dugongs the benefit will turn in which meadows, seagrass monitor their and serve to con knowledge and tools the them give to communities these alongside working VESS Most local people are aware that Du that aware are people local Most SEAGRASS CONSERVATIONSEAGRASS , in partnership with the Depart the with partnership , in DUGONG AND VANUATU T A U N A V N I CMS

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Photo by Alex Churilov/Adobe Stock as well. for Dugongs place happiest it the to make is happiest place on Earth. The aim of aim The on Earth. place happiest the voted been twice Vanuatu has perience. ex a positive is Dugongs with interaction any that and Dugong-friendly are activities and tourist methods fishing any that sure sharks world’s the of all threatened most second the as 2014 identified in was and worldthe in fish of marine species gered endan the most is one of Angelshark The VESS is also assisting communities to en communities assisting also is

ANGELSHARK PROJECT by Dr. Christina Shaw Dr.by Christina

VESS - - -

Koenig and the Zoological Society of Society Zoological the and Koenig Alexander Museum Research Zoological the Canaria, Gran de Palmas of Las sity Univer the between initiative laborative where Angelsharks can feed and breed breed and feed can Angelsharks where areas no protected are There stronghold. remaining last their in them protect to required is action urgent and threat under are they too, but here Islands, Canary the in sighted regularly be still can ening the Angelshark’s survival. Angelshark’s the ening threat- industry, tourism Islands’ Canary the in growth rapid the with associated are pollution and modifications system natural intrusion, human Overfishing, fisheries. from threats incidental without and rays by the by rays and The Angelshark Project Project Angelshark The IUCN . Today, Angelsharks . Today, Angelsharks (ASP) is acol is Their Future isOurFuture - -

1,500 km are richwithover the CanaryIslands coast ofMorocco, 100km west from the quently encountered. where the SHARK Islands Canary isstill fre 2 ofcoastline ANGEL-

31 based conservation. through community- It isbest protected Ampat, New Guinea. archipelago Raja can befound atthe marine bio-diversity Some ofthegreatest 32 People &AnimalsII:Oceans awareness-raising. conservation, and data collection, Angelsharks through guard thefuture of launched to safe- The PROJECT New Guinea Papua New Guinea ANGELSHARK was was

Canary Islands was developed to identify to identify developed was Islands Canary Angelshark. of the ecology and biology the on research with helping and campaigns for tagging project the ly, join volunteers Last mortality reduce and species the of status conservation critical of the ness aware- raise helped has guide practice best The sharks. the release and catch to safely on how guide practice best the developing byit supports community fishing ational recre The sightings. for reporting base data- online the as such science for citizen tools using by participate divers and ative initi conservation this in actors principal Islands. Canary the in action conservation deliver and awareness to raise data population and ecological collecting by Angelsharks endangered of critically future the guard safe- to launched was project The London. The diving community is one of the is one of community diving The The Angelshark Action Plan for the for Plan Action Angelshark The - - -

subsistence fisheries and limiting fishing fishing limiting and fisheries subsistence the affecting areas” “no take agreed locally include approach community first of the Examples of Sawinggrai. community the scale. at alocal conservation munity-based com through protected best are reefs ral co diverse scattered widely The on Earth. life of marine richness species highest the with Triangle Coral of the part is donesia, In Guinea, Western New in Ampat Raja archipelago. the in Angelshark for the action conservation increased encouraging welcome, are viduals or indi- Organizations populations. shark to Angel- threats major the address and protection. environmental effective role in a crucial play can conservation community-based Agreements, international and national with concert in that, is clear quite is What Ampat. of Raja success conservation to the component akey to be proven has nities commu between and within cooperation income, desired the and disturbance the to balance achallenge it remains while However, communities. local the by bitats ha terrestrial and marine of both tection villagers. by controlled is area the to Now access of divers. groups and boats speed by disturbed being was Rays Manta by asite frequented Second, guides. local to the directly Tour paid are mals. fees ani magnificent these of watching tunity oppor- unique the have to for tourists fied identi were of Paradise’ for ‘Birds display for a areas for one, species: charismatic to access controlling on activities based fishing. blast and ning fin to shark stop agreed also communities addition, In term. to long medium the in profitable be can restraint exercising that them show obtained results The sources. re own to monitor their trained easily are people Local week. a days five to efforts CONSERVATION IN RAJA AMPAT, RAJA IN CONSERVATION Two distinct approaches are evident in in evident are approaches Two distinct Ecotourism has contributed to the pro to the contributed has Ecotourism is approach community second The COMMUNITY-BASED

INDONESIA

by Christoph Parsch Christoph by by Evaby Meyers

------

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in Mozambique Seas Program Sustainable The The Sustainable Seas Program was ini was Program Seas Sustainable The For many coastal communities in Mo in communities For coastal many Gill nets have been identified by the by identified been have nets Gill The Marine Megafauna Foundation Foundation Megafauna Marine The as the main factor attributable to attributable factor main the as was created in 2009 to undertake to undertake 2009 in created was BY

Sabrina WeissSabrina ------fishing, no diving). diving). no fishing, (no closure reef for a six-month temporary agreement multi-stakeholder first, the in resulted This authorities. local and men fisher from support enthusiastic gained festivals, ocean and workshops teractive a living. living. a to earn and security food to greater right their supporting whilst ocean, the ny with harmo in to live learn communities local ensuring by this supports Program Seas Sustainable The together. thrive humans and life marine of aworld where vision bility for their own stretch of ocean. stretch own for their bility responsi take communities coastal where to fundamental proved have activities these combination, In management. sustainable of benefits the and declining are stocks fish why sons fishing pressures,andthe explaining rea on reducing workshops regular through stakeholders key and other fishermen ers, approach and and approach of alternative livelihoods. livelihoods. of alternative implementation and areas of closure tion introduc the with diminished been have Threats communities. local the in respect life. on marine pressure the reducing whilst security, food crease in and opportunities income community diversify to serve will This closures. reef rotational additional, trial to going also MMF 2015, Since benefits. financial ment and employ- Tofo bringing Mozambique, in in attraction main the are rays and Sharks Rays. Manta and Sharks of Whale catch by causing nets gill of use the and fishing of over threats to the aresponse as tiated pig rearing and chicken rearing. rearing. chicken and rearing pig ecotourism, streams: income on three sing focus developed, being also are munities source. food acommunity as upon relied species those and species important commercially non- of both biomass the in increase a measurable with to recover expected is reef protected The area. overfished a once in closure reef of the impact the nitoring Locally Managed Marine Area Area Marine Managed Locally In 2016, 2016, In Continued dialogue has built a level of alevel built has dialogue Continued Alternative livelihood options for com options livelihood Alternative has engaged with community lead- community with engaged has MMF MMF WWW.MARINEMEGAFAUNA.ORG activities, including in MMF is ready to facilitate a to facilitate ready is MMF’s is currently mo currently is MMF bottom-up bottom-up (LMMA) has the the has MMF is is Their Future isOurFuture ------,

practices. unsustainable fishing last 15years dueto have declinedinthe spot butsightings Mozambique isa MANTA RAY WHALE SHARK and seaturtles. rays, marinemammals cies suchassharks, are large marinespe world. ‘Megafauna’ megafauna around the of threatened marine serve thepopulations to protect andcon to undertake research was created in2009 The FOUNDATION MEGAFAUNA MARINE Mozambique hot-

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A Tribute to Rob Stewart

ROB STEWART

This stunning image of a Lemon Shark is one of several donated to CMS by Rob Stewart, the Canadian photographer, film-maker and conservationist, who produced the documentaries Sharkwater (2006) and Revolution (2012). Shark- water won international acclaim and helped to highlight the problem of shark finning which has driven many shark species to the edge of extinction. Revolution focussed on the efforts of people – especially the young - to avert environmental disasters worldwide. Tragically Rob died aged just 37 in a diving accident in Florida while working on another project Sharkwater: Extinction which was to have been a se- quel to Sharkwater. Their Future is Our Future 35 Heart & Pulse II: Simon J. Pierce

It’s vital to keep in mind that conserva- its being categorized as endangered. That tion can help to improve people’s lives, in a really brought home to me just how many The Wonders of very tangible way. We’re often working in we’ve lost – their populations have halved, places with limited economic opportuni- or more, over recent years. Action is need- ties. Fishing or marine tourism can be vital ed to reverse those declines. Several CMS the Wilderness to food security, or as a source of income. Range States – including some where we It’s important to work with local commu- work have no specific protection in place nities to identify the reasons for adopting for Whale Shark or their habitats, despite unsustainable fishing practices, and to find being global hotspots for the species. practical ways to improve the situation. It’s What progress would you like to see in not easy but, for long-term change, it’s cri- the next few years? tical. Juvenile whale sharks tend to feed in a few Which of your roles – marine scientist, Do you think that ecotourism could be an consistent areas around the world. Safe- conservationist, wildlife photographer appropriate tool to further the conserva- guarding those special places, many of and author is most important to you tion of the Whale Shark? which are in CMS Range States, will have and why? Ecotourism has long been a well-justified a positive impact for Whale Sharks while All these roles are interconnected. I get rationale for Whale Shark conservation also creating employment and opportuni- huge personal satisfaction from publish- efforts. In some cases, e.g. Western Aus- ties for the people living around them. As a ing scientific papers that impart useful tralia, tourism is directly used to fund Whale Shark scientist, my main goal is to knowledge, but – aside from other scien- Whale Shark management and research work out the finer details of their breeding tists – not many people read them. These initiatives. In other places, e.g. Honduras, populations, to prioritise the most effecti- days, we’re lucky in that we can distil the Whale Shark tourism was explicitly used as ve conservation actions, and to help other key results and create content around those, a justification for species-level protection. countries protect and promote their own by writing in blogs, social media posts, There is a caveat, in that the sharks can be a marine treasures. producing videos, or creating infographics. victim of their own popularity; I think we Most research is focused on the continued need to ensure that the sharks themselves development and improvement of conser- benefit from tourism. That said, sustain- vation initiatives, so it’s important to enable Whale Shark ecotourism has been a sure that people understand and engage positive force for conservation overall. It’s a with the work. Taking photos of our study multi-million-dollar industry that can help sites, the animals themselves, or the team both people and sharks. in the field helps us to show the process, How does the CMS COP 12 theme “Their humanize our findings, and build trust in Future is Our Future” relate to your own »SHARKS CAN BE our recommendations. That whole process work and efforts regarding wildlife con- is important to me, but the outreach part servation? A VICTIM OF THEIR of the job is definitely one I want to keep “Their Future is Our Future” speaks to improving at. both the global ecosystem we’re all part of, OWN POPULARITY; What first motivated you to become in- but also to how people respond to nature volved in conservation? on an individual, emotional level. Person- I THINK WE NEED Conservation is part of the national conver- ally, I always feel clearer-headed and sation in New Zealand – even our name- healthier after I spend time in wild places. TO ENSURE THAT sake species, the kiwi, are threatened. Grow- Professionally, I want to get better at ex- ing up, I was exposed to some fantastic pressing the raw wonder that so many of THE SHARKS books and documentaries about invent- us feel in the wilderness. My hope is to in- SIMON J. PIERCE ive and effective conservation work, which spire people to seek out these experiences A member of IUCN’s Shark Specialist Group, THEMSELVES BENEFIT Simon Pierce grew up near New Plymouth, successfully helps species recover from the for themselves, and to become invested in New Zealand. He is a biologist specializing edge of extinction. I found that incredibly their guardianship. in Whale Sharks, conservation scientist FROM TOURISM« and underwater photographer. He is also inspirational – people created the problems What are your personal hopes for the co-founder and principal scientist at the in the first place, sure, but people were out COP12? Marine Megafauna Foundation. there solving them too. I wanted to be part I hope that the Whale Shark is approved of that. for listing on CMS Appendix I. I helped What linkages are vital for conservation to write the IUCN Shark Specialist Group’s efforts on Whale Sharks and other ma- reassessment of the species’ conservati- rine species? on status for the Red List, which led to

36 Illustration by Berto Martinez Their Future is Our Future 37 38

Photo by Reinier Snijders/EyeEm/Getty Images FOR PROFIT KILLING and 60%inTanzania. by 50%inMozambique elephants have fallen populations ofSavannah at less than500,000– of apopulationestimated killed in2010-2012,out 100.000 ELEPHANTS AFRICAN were were to extinction. are highly susceptible fish andreptiles who ferent speciesofbirds, but alsothreatens dif can mammalssuch as not only focus onAfri Wildlife Crimedoes RHINOS orelephants - - have taken place. national museums break-ins in inter- few years, several reserves. Inthelast fences ofprotected does notstop atthe for The insatiable demand RHINO HORNS

Big Issue II: Wildlife Crime

thieves have stolen valuable exhibits and KILLING artefacts made of rhino horn – the Iziko Museum, Cape Town (2009), the Muse- FOR PROFIT um of Science, Coimbra, Portugal (2011), museums in Hamburg, Bamberg and Gif- horn, in Germany (2011), in Florence, Italy (2011) and the Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Sweden (2011). Auction houses such as Gorringes’ in Lewes, UK have also fallen victim. BY Robert Vagg Reports of elephants and rhinoceroses being massacred for their tusks or horns In the film,the “Thomas Crown Affair”, often make the headlines. The statistics Pierce Brosnan plays the role of millionaire are alarming – these species’ numbers are socialite breaking into a gallery to stealing a fraction of what they were a few decades great art work that he coveted. The Head ago. The seemingly insatiable demand for of Interpol’s art crime department dismis- rhino horns does not stop at the walls of sed the film as Hollywood fantasy, but art museums or the fences of protected reser- galleries are constantly being targeted by ves. In a new and worrying development, sophisticated criminal gangs, and there is thieves broke into Thoiry Zoological Park, The legalized removal clearly a market where they can sell their of rhinos’ horns is a near Paris in March 2017, shot a four-year- ill-gotten gains. And it is not just art gal- common practice in old rhinoceros, named Vince, and sawed its parks housing rhinos leries that the crooks have in their sights. to discourage poa- horn off. As a precautionary measure, one In the past ten years, there have been a ching (South Africa, zoo in the Czech Republic then decided to number of break-ins in museums, where November/ 2014). remove the horns from all the animals in its captive herd that same month. But this is just the tip of the ice-berg – the same fate is being shared by other less charismatic animals – birds, fish and reptiles too – and they are just as susceptible to extinction, meaning further pieces of the FACTOIDS KEY PLAYERS jigsaw of life on Earth are lost – forever. As • Weight for weight, rhino horn is more valuable After the trauma of INTERPOL is the world’s largest internati- a chain is as strong as its weakest link, inter- than gold or cocaine, so for instance as little as losing their parents, onal police organization, with 190 member national efforts to manage wildlife sustain- one kilo of rhino horn was worth about $54,000 some orphaned rhino countries. Founded in 1923, its headquarters on the black market in 2015 while the gold price calves can become are in Lyon, France. Its role is to enable police ably are undermined unless all countries are aggressive but these per kilo went down from approximately $45k to around the world to work together to meet the committed. The inconsistent application of rhinos stayed calm $36k that same year. (Kenya, June/2014). challenges of fighting crime. laws encourages nationals of one country to • Rhino poaching in South Africa increased almost go on organized hunting trips in another to 90-fold between 2007 and 2015 – from 13 rhinos CITES: The Convention on International Trade take advantage of lax legislation and/or ina- killed in 2007 to 1,175 in 2015. in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora • In 2012 the illicit small arms market was esti- dequate enforcement. was established in 1975. It regulates interna- mated to account for between 10 and 20 per cent tional trade in more than 30,000 wild animal It is hard to imagine that the Passenger of the global arms trade – so somewhere be- and plant species to ensure their survival is not Pigeon was once the commonest bird on tween $6 billion and $12 billion. threatened. Earth with flocks so large that they blot- • 100,000 African Elephants were killed in 2010 2012, out of a population estimated at less than ted out the sun; but it is now a hundred 500,000 – populations of Savannah Elephants ICCWC: The International Consortium on years since the last individual died alone in have fallen by 50% in Mozambique and 60% in Combating Wildlife Crime is a collaboration among five inter-governmental wildlife law Cincinnati Zoo, after the species suffered Tanzania. • Environmental crime is estimated at $213 billion enforcement agencies. The partners are CITES, cataclysmic declines at human hands. We annually – illegal trade in wildlife at $15 billion INTERPOL, UN Office on Drugs and Crime, should learn the lessons of the mistakes that to $20 billion. World Bank and World Customs Organization. led to this and several other species’ extinc- • UN report stated that “the global drug trade tion. But evidence suggests that they are generated an estimated US$321.6 billion in Prince William: Forthright in his condemnation 2003”, the equivalent of 1% of the world’s GDP. of wildlife crime, the Prince is patron of a charity going to be followed by many more, unless • Protected wildlife is the fourth largest form of calling for a ban in trade of all ivory products. He steps are taken to ensure that appropriate criminal traffic in the world behind drugs, and former footballer David Beckham launched wildlife legislation is put in place, under- counterfeiting and human trafficking, according a campaign to stigmatize the purchase of ivory stood by the public and properly enforced. Hiller by Érico Photos to the World Wildlife Fund. and rhino horn.

40 Their Future is Our Future 41 Big Issue II: Wildlife Crime CMS & CITES: A SMART A COMMON CAUSE APPROACH

CITES is a legally binding international CITES regulates trade Vietnamese python skins and bark of the Poaching of wildlife is one of the grea- SMART was convert field data into useful management in 36,000 species of developed by: agreement that regulates international plants and wild African cherry tree. test crises facing our planet’s biodiversity; information easily and quickly. trade in wildlife. Recognized in The Fu- animals with varying CITES and CMS cannot succeed in iso- however, many areas lack enforcement • Frankfurt Zoological The conservation of migratory species is trade restrictions de- Society ture We Want adopted at Rio+20 as stand- pending on the status lation. The Parties to both Conventions capacity and systematic monitoring pro- • Global Wildlife particularly challenging due to the great ing at the intersection between trade, the of the species. have consequently set their own targets grammes capable of adaptively informing Conservation expanse of geography involved in animal • North Carolina Zoo environment and development, it promo- within the framework of the 2030 Agen- their management, despite such program- • Panthera movements. SMART was designed for use tes the conservation and sustainable use da and its 17 Sustainable Development mes being critical to achieving conserva- • Peace Parks within protected areas, but these are often of biodiversity and ensures that trade in Goals (SDGs). CITES intersects with tion goals. Conservation practitioners and Foundation too small to safeguard migratory species ef- • Wildlife wildilfe does not threaten the survival of many of the SDGs, both environmental protected area managers need information Conservation Society fectively. However, SMART can potentially species. CITES neither encourages nor and socio-economic. For instance, its role on the distribution in time and space of • World Wildlife Fund be used across much larger landscapes (e.g., • Zoological Society discourages trade, but regulates it when it in combating illegal wildlife trade is spe- threats, wildlife and protection efforts, in of London for wildebeest or elephants which may tra- does take place to ensure that it is legal, cifically addressed through two targets order to make informed decisions on how vel long distances), and with the new cloud- sustainable and traceable. under Goal 15. to deploy the limited resources at their based version, SMART Connect, there is a With varying trade restrictions de- The nexus between theSDGs and disposal. In response to these needs, a greater opportunity for data to be shared. pending on the status of the species con- CITES was the subject of a Ministerial partnership of conservation organizations Pilot initiatives are underway among cerned, CITES regulates trade in 36,000 meeting, hosted by South African Mi- developed the Spatial Monitoring and Re- countries in Southern Africa with trans- species of plants and wild animals. Over nister Edna Molewa immediately before porting Tool – SMART. frontier landscapes where SMART is being one million trade transactions are reported the last CITES Conference of the Parties Since its release in 2013, SMART has implemented. to the CITES Secretariat each year by the in Johannesburg in 2016. It was observed been implemented in more than 500 sites The continued involvement, support Convention’s 183 Parties. that species, biodiversity and ecosystems in 46 countries, becoming the global stan- and guidance of SMART users, donors, CITES works to combat illegal trade in provide foundational environmental re- dard for enforcing conservation law and and other stakeholders, ensures that wildlife in partnership with others in the sources, goods and services that are essen- monitoring protected areas. SMART has SMART continues to meet the emerging International Consortium on Combating tial to achieving our sustainable develop- enhanced law enforcement effectiveness, and expanding needs of the conservation Wildlife Crime alongside CMS, Interpol ment agenda and that, only by working improved morale of protection teams, and community. TheSMART Partnership is and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. together, can we face the difficult task of reduced threats to wildlife at many sites committed to helping conservation pro- This highly destructive trade undermines making the connections between the dif- around the world. At the heart of SMART is fessionals around the world put critical the Convention and has severe impacts ferent global goals. a powerful database, which aggregates data information and protection management on people, livelihoods, economies, se- We need a joined-up approach if we are relevant for landscape management, and the systems in place to facilitate tactical and curity and the rule of law; and it fuels to succeed. CITES and CMS are in the ‘SMART Approach’, a suite of best practices strategic approaches to managing conser- corruption. frontline of this effort. for enhancing conservation and manage- vation areas. CITES Parties have recognized the be- ment effectiveness.SMART is accessible to nefits that legal, sustainable and regulated users with a wide range of technical abili- trade has for people’s livelihoods and for JOHN E. SCANLON has been the CITES ties and puts powerful data capture, ana- PETER ZAHLER is the Asia Regional Director the species concerned. Examples of such Secretary-General for more than seven years. He lysis, mapping and reporting tools in the at the Wildlife Conservation Society and has over has experience in environment and sustainable 30 years of experience in wildlife conservation. beneficial trade include that in the wool development policy and worked, among others, as hands of users on the frontline of conserva- Conservation biologist Drew T. Cronin is Program of the Peruvian Vicuña, the meat of the Principal Advisor to the Executive Director of UN tion. SMART aims to improve conservation Manager for the SMART partnership and resear- Caribbean queen conch, Malaysian and Environment in Nairobi, Kenya. effectiveness at site level, and is designed to ches in central Africa.

42 Their Future is Our Future 43 Big Issue II: Wildlife Crime A DANGEROUS CALLING

BY Robert Vagg

For many biologists and zoologists, a job • 185 conservationists and environmental working in conservation is a dream come campaigners killed true – international travel, a worthwhile in 2015 • Just 17 countries cause, a vocation rather than just a job. account for 116 of Some of the fieldwork can be perilous, in such murders in inhospitable and remote terrain and many 2014 of the animals being studied or protected would not hesitate to devour their human benefactors. The worst that policy-makers on the international conservation conference ca- rousel have to endure is the inconvenience of living out of a suitcase, lost luggage at airports and sessions of the budget committee that stretch into the small hours. This downside pales into insignificance compared with the dangers faced every day by those on the frontline of the conservation battle – rangers in the nature reserves trying to protect wildlife from Heavily armed park ruthless poachers and political activists rangers patrol around the fences of African who risk their lives by crossing powerful properties every night, economic interests as they campaign to searching for poachers protect the environment from damaging who use poison or electrocution to kill developments. rhinos. Being a park ranger or a conservationist in some parts of the world means having VICTIMS OF Kenya in 2017 murdered by Somali one of the most perilous jobs. The Interna- WORLD'S OTHER of drugs, arms and humans as one of the people. In the past decade, over 900 such MOST DANGEROUS VIOLENCE AGAINST • EMMANUEL DE bandits in 1989 in the tional Ranger Federation reports that 565 PROFESSIONS: most lucrative sources of income for orga- activists have been killed, the rate is acce- CONSERVATIONISTS: MERODE, direc- Kora National Park park rangers have been killed in the line of nized criminals. The budgets of State ins- lerating and the culprits are rarely brought • WAYNE LOTTER, tor of the Virunga • FRANCISCO ALVES • Lumberjack elephant conservati- National Park in the MENDES FILHO, an duty (2009 – 2016) – often outgunned by • Police Officer titutions are under pressure, so the rangers to justice. Central and Southern America onist and co-founder Democratic Republic advocate for pre- well-equipped adversaries with top of the • Fire Fighter and other law enforcement agencies can- have seen the most such murders, followed of the PAMS Founda- of the Congo, shot serving the Amazon • Deep Sea Fishermen tion, shot in Dar es and wounded in 2014 Forest and human range vehicles and modern weaponry, fi- • Miners not keep pace with the criminals, keen to by South-East Asia. Salaam in 2017 • Twenty-six-year- rights of peasants nanced by the ill-gotten profits from their • Metal Foundry safeguard their investments. Such chilling statistics demonstrate the • CMS Ambassador old JAIRO MORA and indigenous peo- KUKI GALLMANN SANDOVAL (Costa ple killed in 1988 illicit activities. Worker The NGO Global Witness has taken on commitment required of people who dedi- • Astronaut (portrayed in “I Rica) murdered by • DIAN FOSSEY (feat. Difficult to calculate because of its very • Mountain Guide the macabre task of monitoring the num- cate their life to conserving the environ- Dreamed of Africa”) poachers in 2013 in the film “Gorillas in nature, illegal trade in wildlife alone is • Stuntman ber of environmental activists killed each ment. They fight the fight for us all, pro- shot and injured in while working on the Mist”) killed in her • Bomb Disposal an ambush at her turtle conservation cabin 1985 possibly estimated to be worth US$15-20 billion Expert year for standing up for causes in defense of tecting the future of the planet, out on the Laikipia Nature Con- • GEORGE ADAMSON because of her efforts annually, ranking it alongside trafficking conservation and the rights of indigenous Hiller by Érico Photo front lines. servancy in Central (of “Born Free”fame) to combat poaching

44 Their Future is Our Future 45

kg 2 kg 8

0.7 g 70 kg

– –

80 cm 65 cm 10 cm 140 m 80 km

300 kg

–

5 150 cm

– – –

– 70 km/h 56 km/h 80 km/h 48 km/h 18 km/h

80 years 35 years 1000 km 6000 km – 1.5

2,700 km 2,600 km

8 months 26 Omnivore

80+ years –10 years

Herbivore Herbivore Herbivore

60 47

Appendix I

70 –

5 Appendix II Appendix II

80 Size:

Endangered Endangered

6 Central Asia Central

Weight: Appendix I+II Appendix I+II

Age: Age:

Saiga tatarica Data Deficient Data

Size: Age:

Diet: Weight: Diet: Diet: Diet: Size: Size: Speed: Speed: Speed: Speed: Speed: Chelonia mydas Chelonia Age:

CMS: Size: Migration: CMS: CMS: Weight: Age: Danaus plexippus Weight:

Weight: CMS: CMS: Migration: Migration: Turtle Crane Migration: Migration: Habitat: Critically Endangered Critically Critically Endangered Critically

Vulture Species: Carnivorous scavenger Carnivorous

Neophron percnopterus Neophron Northamerica to Mexico to Northamerica

Species:

Western Siberia to China Siberia to Western Antelope Butterfly

Tropical, subtropical seas subtropical Tropical, :

Species: IUCN Red List: IUCN Red List: IUCN Red Leucogeranus leucogeranus Leucogeranus Diet:

IUCN Red List: IUCN Red Southwest Europe, Africa, India Africa, Europe, Southwest

Range Habitat: Species: : Green Habitat: IUCN Red List: IUCN Red IUCN Red List: IUCN Red Species: Saiga Siberian Range Egyptian

Monarch

MAMMALS BIRDS INSECTS REPTILES BIRDS Fleet * Migration distances are indicative only. indicative are distances * Migration

MAMMALS FISH MAMMALS MAMMALS MAMMALS Illustration by Valero Doval by Valero Illustration The The CMS

olar p ub s

Whale Gorilla

Elephant

Shark

ovaeangliae

Critically Endangered Critically Vulnerable Vulnerable Endangered Least Concern Least

200 kg 500 kg

7 t

– –

40 km/h 25 km/h

–

m 30 km 150 km 100 km 13,000 km 25,000 km

1.8 m 3 m 4 m – –

19 m 0

40 years Rhincodon typus Rhincodon Megaptera Megaptera Gorilla beringei beringei Dugong dugon Loxodonta africana Loxodonta – – –

D.R. Congo, Rwanda, Uganda D.R. Congo, Rwanda, Africa, south of Sahara Africa, East Africa to Australia to Africa East

Tropical, subtropical seas subtropical Tropical, All major oceans from Equator to to Equator from All major oceans

Mountain Dugong African Whale Humpback 1 130 220 2.5

– 20 t 40 t

– 32 10 40 km/h

5 km/h 27 km/h –

mnivore

Gorilla Agreement Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix I 1.2 2.5 2.4 Omnivore Herbivore Herbivore 5 14 Carnivore, filter feeder filter Carnivore, O 35 years 70 years 70 years

70 years 30

Diet: Speed: Habitat: Migration: Species: Size: Weight: Age: Size: Weight: Species: Species: Size: Weight: Speed: Habitat: Migration: List: IUCN Red CMS: Species: Size: Weight: Age: Diet: Migration: Migration: List: IUCN Red CMS: Weight: Weight: Age: Diet: Speed: Habitat: Species: Size: CMS: IUCN Red List: IUCN Red Habitat: Migration: List: IUCN Red CMS: Age: Diet: Speed: IUCN Red List: IUCN Red CMS: Age: Diet: Speed: Habitat: Migration: 48 2 5 4 3 2 1 MOUNTAIN GORILLA DUGONG AFRICAN ELEPHANT HUMPBACK WHALE WHALE SHARK 10 10 9 8 7 6 MONARCH BUTTERFLY GREEN TURTLE EGYPTIAN VULTURE SAIGA ANTELOPE SIBERIAN CRANE

Photo by 3 5 selected movements for educational purposes. ded. Thismapserves asanartistic interpretation of only examples ofsomeknown routes have beeninclu migration remains poorly understood. For others, represent populationmovements. For manyspecies, based ontracks from individual animals,anddonot *Some ofthemigration routes onthismapare 8 7 1 - 9 6 Illustration byCristóbal Schmal 4 49 Greetings from Monaco

H. S. H. Prince Albert Principality of Monaco and Head of the Principality House of Grimaldi

Nature is fascinating, full of mysteries. And mankind is trying to solve these mysteries in order to find out about life and also to be better able »MIGRATORY SPECIES ARE to protect it. Migratory species symbolize this mystery; why do certain living creatures cover incredibly long distances as part of their life cycle, FASCINATING, UNIFYING AND ESSENTIAL spanning generations? Migratory species are, in my opinion, at the same time fascinating, FOR MAINTAINING THE EQUILIBRIUM unifying and essential for maintaining the equilibrium of our environment. Fascinating – because some of them, be they terrestrial or marine, cover thousands of kilometres in order to reproduce and thereby ensure OF OUR ENVIRONMENT« the continuation of their species. The European Eel (Anguilla anguilla), for example, undertakes one of the longest migrations known in the marine environment travelling some 5,000 kilometres from the Sargasso Sea, where it spawns, to reach Europe. European Eel, cetaceans and, more recently, the Angelshark. This com- Unifying: because migratory species do not recognize the borders mitment also has a bearing on the creation of migration corridors or Ma- they cross between our countries both great and small, both coastal and rine Protected Areas which I see as essential tools for the conservation land-locked. The lives – and the survival – of these species depend on of ecosystems, in particular for marine biodiversity for which Monaco, people exercising their common responsibilities in each place that the a country which looks towards the sea, attaches particular importance. animals cross. These species bring us together for one objective, namely In addition to the measures taken for the benefit of threatened species, their protection through our acting together for both their future and we have also undertaken longer-term actions that support activities for ours. That is what we are doing on the tiny territory of the Principality, species conservation within the framework of international conventions where one cliff has been chosen as a refuge by birds such as the Mediter- and agreements, in particular, the Convention on the Conservation of ranean Crested Cormorant, the Grey Heron and the Peregrine Falcon, Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). the hatching of two of which was recently observed. For 20 years now, the Principality of Monaco has supported the But migratory species are also essential. In fact, they play a major Agreement of the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, the Me- role in the conservation of our natural heritage. They act as pollinators diterranean and the contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) by hosting and seed dispersers, helping safeguard biological diversity which bene- its Secretariat, as well as in the implementation of its activities. In this fits food security for people. They regulate the balance of ecosystems by regard, I am pleased to have been the patron of one of the first internatio- hunting their prey along their migration routes. They are also a source of nal campaigns dedicated to cetaceans – the Year of the Dolphin in 2005. revenue for many human communities. This unwavering support has led my Government to be granted the Migratory species contribute significantly to the implementation of title of CMS Champion. While being awarded such a title is recognition the Sustainable Development Goals. That is why for me acting to protect in itself, my satisfaction is even greater knowing that the contribution them has been the obvious thing to do for several years. of Monaco has allowed us to participate in the implementation of many To achieve this I have set a clear course for my Government and for my priorities of the Convention’s action programme. Foundation with regard to the conservation of biodiversity. The Principa- For my part, I would also like to pay tribute to the important work lity of Monaco has become involved particularly over the past few years carried out by the CMS Family, which is committed to the daily task of in safeguarding endangered species. Evidence of this are the measures highlighting the challenges faced by migratory species. I would like to taken regarding the Mediterranean Red Tuna, the Bearded Vulture, the thank all of you too.

50 Their Future is Our Future 51 Wildlife Photographers

The work of most remote all the while often have to have told us a wildlife areas, waiting spending their come a long way about their photographer patiently to es- time outdoors – to get where work, their entails travel- tablish contact a dream job for they are now. passion and ling around the with fascinating many? But Four wildlife their efforts to CAMERAS AND CONSERVATION world to the animals and professionals photographers protect species.

HANS OVERDUIN

Hans Overduin, born in 1970, has looked at the world through a camera lens since he was six years old. As a passionate traveller and cyclist, he has visited more than 50

This Sanderling countries around the world. Over the past is a full migrant few decades his main focus has been wild- which frequents the Netherlands life photography, especially birds. As he annually and travels a distance of up believes that “people will only protect what to 10,000 km. they love or have learnt to love”, Overduin always combines presentations of his pictures with the subject of conservation. By depicting the beauty and aesthetics of birds, he hopes to raise more awareness of the importance of protecting the planet we live on. His work is widely published and in 2015 he had his first international exhi- bition in Bolinas, USA.

Their Future is Our Future 53 WIldlife Photographers

Sylvain Cordier grew up in a rural area in eastern France. Surrounded by nature, he loved looking at wildlife especially birds in the nearby forest. His first expeditions in 1970 led him to the Amazon and Papua New Guinea. After that, he travelled the world for about 40 years, searching for rare or original moments of animal wildlife. Through his art, he publishes beautiful pictures of endangered species because he believes it is the best way to involve the general public in conservation. “You protect what you know and what you love”, is his motto.

SYLVAIN CORDIER

Steppe Eagles in Naurzum National Park in Kazakhstan.

TORSTEN PROEHL The majestic but Endan- gered Polar Bear.

Torsten Proehl would not call himself a wildlife photographer, but a photographer and conservationist. Born and raised in the German Democratic Republic, he was used to working with low quality equipment. He learned his art from an ornithologist, who became his mentor. Proehl first tried to take photos of anything nature provides, before specializing in birds. He considers the most important task of a photographer to study the species before taking photos, to ensure the animals are not disturbed. Torsten Proehl believes wildlife photography can contribute to conservation by donating impressive pictures to NGOs such as NABU.

54 & CONSE NRY RVAT LCO ION FA O Wildlife Photographers R F O B F IR Falconers lead the way D N S IO T O A F I P C R

Q N

U E

to save the iconic T R

N O I O D M A T O X T U E M I T P R O C E D Saker Falcon. MEMBER OF IUCN

The International Association for Falconry and Conservation of Birds of Prey (IAF) is a proud supporter of the CMS Saker Global Action Plan and its

Green Sand- Flagship Projects. piper and the Common Snipe.

First Flagship Project: The Saker Portal to Enhance Trust.

This multilingual interactive portal has been largely funded and managed by the IAF (supported by Birdlife, IUCN and CMS/UNEP). See www.sakernet.org. With 5000 hits in two years, it has exceeded all expectations.

We call on governments, funding agencies and MAURICE BENMERGUI Second Flagship Project: Satellite Tracking of Sakers. electricity utilities to halt This project has been initiated by the slaughter! the IAF (assisted by ECOTONE) The French wildlife photographer Maurice Benmergui works as Environmental with ten trackers deployed in Inspector for the National Office for Hunting and Wildlife, but has a broad professional 2016 and ten more in 2017, portfolio as a protected area manager, ornithologist and wetland manager. Dombes, a fishpond area, in France close to Lyon is one of his favourite locations to take photos. providing invaluable data for In his opinion, wildlife photography, as long as it is ethical, contributes to conservation Saker conservation. in two ways: it can be a scientist’s tool to obtain or confirm data and it can raise people’s awareness of the world they live in. Benmergui has published an illustrated book describing the relationships between birds and mankind, throughout the ages: “Dombes, d’Hommes et d’Oiseaux”. Fourth Flagship Project: Addressing Deadly Electricity Infrastructure.

The IAF was the proponent of the successful IUCN Motion in 2016: Preventing electrocution 56 and collision impacts of power infrastructure on birds (WCC-2016-Rec-098-EN). Essay Competition I

commodities to use and exploit. We kill cal in many ways, we are seeing a new era ponsibility will not be acceptable. It can- them for our food, use them for our clothes, of corporate responsibility and technology. not be business as usual, and we need to »WE NEED and integrate them into every part of our As we have seen so far, many companies include these problems into the all future consumerist lifestyle. Not only do we have joined in the movement to address international agreements relating to trade make them into products, but we disrupt climate change and become carbon neu- and climate, with the ability to supersede their delicate ecosystems for construction, tral. If marketed correctly, companies existing agreements that allow our current COMPANIES TO agriculture, and transportation. might like to join the conservation effort practices to continue without regard to This disregard for the species’ delicate as well. biodiversity. ecosystems has been extremely detrimen- With the knowledge that conservation With companies assisting, this allows ACT AS ANIMAL tal not only to animals but also to the en- groups have, they can team up with com- other government actors to participate or vironment. Many reports and articles fo- panies that use sailboats to collect data in include these polices in trade agreements cus on keystone species and how they are the oceans. They can integrate biomimicry and partnerships that are being negotia- the staple to the ecosystems within which and responsible features into their new ted. We can have better leverage to demand AMBASSADORS they exist, but migratory animals are gene- designs that can aid the minimalizing of protections for migratory species and some rally considered umbrella species that also our impact on migratory species. Big data solutions to protect them. It isn’t enough contribute to the conservation of other companies can use their drones and other to ensure that these species do not go ex- species. surveillance technologies to better pin- tinct, we need to ensure that their popu- IN A WAY Without the preservation of these ani- point migratory routes and learn how to lations and ecosystems are healthy and sus- mals, we will not have salmon delivering address these tough issues. Governments tainable for future generations. This is not essential nutrients to grow other organisms and companies can provide food sources just a problem that we can ignore, and the that rely on the organic materials that are along migratory paths so that bird species sooner we act, the quicker we can mitigate THAT WE HAVE NOT dispersed from such a migration. We will do not starve on along their journey. the consequences that seem all too likely. increase desertification from a lack of soil However, the difficulty will be the ap- disruption from large mammals; we will peal. The UN and associated partners will SEEN BEFORE« deplete our oceans of fish and other orga- need to approach such companies, and in nisms that are crucial to the health of the so doing, constructive ways to put pressure oceans, economies, and the planet. on governments to act can be found. As THE CMS SECRETARIAT AND THE UN It is easy to see how these problems we have seen with some recent elections, can have such an impact on the Earth and conservation efforts in many countries can ASSOCIATION OF THE USA… exacerbate climate change, but with the be repealed quickly, and this puts these SDGs, we are on the path to finding col- animals at an increasingly significant risk. laborative solutions towards solving these That is where educational efforts need to be problems. We have already discovered we improved within specific countries, which have a problem, now we need to make a can be tied into commercials and products …organized an essay competition to find out plan to address these problems. The targets that companies are marketing. how the younger generation perceives the link- for SDG 14 and 15 seemingly do that, at We are seeing corporations adopting ages between the SDGs and the conservation of migratory species. UNAUSA promoted the The Sustainable Development Goals are least as a good first step. more socially responsible messages, bu- competition through its social media network, so monumental because they bring coun- The next step is finding out what type of siness practices, and products. They are prescreened the entries and provided CMS with tries, scientists, and Non-Governmental solutions are readily available or are need- taking stands against climate change, so- a short-list of the best ones, from which the CMS Organizations together in one centralized ed to address a situation. That is where we cial issues, and working to protect various Secretariat has chosen the winner for publica- location (even if often times it is digitally), need global commitments and particip- environments, which has been attributed tion, Zach Beaudoin, who has been invited to and we have never seen such a willingness ation. Most, if not all migratory animals to the increasing demand by millennials. attend the COP to speak at the opening ceremo- to take part. They allow for collaboration, travel across sovereign borders, which ma- With this, we need to find an appeal to ny. In their essay, entrants were asked to present their views on the CMS COP12 theme Their sharing, and more importantly, they faci- kes protecting them a multinational effort. include migratory species in trade agree- Future is Our Future - Sustainable Develop- litate tough conversations. This is essential Twenty-three-year-old We see some countries trying to protect ments, contracts, and business practices. Zach Beaudoin, native ment for Wildlife and People reflecting on the to addressing any problem, but more im- of Buffalo and senior these species, but it seems like a daunting We need companies to act as animal indispensable contributions of wild animals to portantly – global problems. In terms of at the State University task without actionable consequences. We ambassadors in a way that we have not sustainable development; the many socio-econo- Goals 14 and 15, we can see the successes of New York at Fredo- need to include it into our climate agree- seen before. We need them to oppose mic benefits people derive from them and the role nia, will graduate with of UN Member States and then use them ments, but also free trade agreements a governmental actions and to pull fund- of global treaties such as CMS in reconciling eco- degrees in English, nomic growth and conservation needs. United to address the problems facing many ani- International Relations way to hold each other accountable. ing from their own projects that could Nations Associations exist in several countries mals including migratory animals. and a minor in political A different approach would be to appeal threaten essential migratory routes and science. His focus is on and their aim is to help raise public awareness of If we look at the history of our relati- sustainability issues & to the market and conservation organiza- encourage unsustainable habits and be- the work of the UN and help build the relation- onship with animals – migratory ones, in the 2030 Agenda with tions and ask them to seek solutions to the haviors. We need to deliver the message ship between citizens of member countries and particular – the world has seen them as its 17 SDGs. problems. While that may seem antitheti- that corporate and governmental irres- the United Nations.

58 Their Future is Our Future 59 Essay Competition II

2006. In addition, even though we tried who are able to do physical work are wel- the laws that not only compel companies to build on artificial forest, they can never comed. The aim, they say, is to protect the to use green methods in industry under THOSE serve the role of keeping biodiversity as a environment in Dian Lake in South China, certain standards, but provide a legal and primitive forest does. Some things can ne- where many migratory species stop to healthy trade around the globe. Then we ver be replaced. rest all year round. Now, we are all work- established a new department: scientif- ing on getting rid of the water hyacinth, ically, there are people that have agricul- INTERSECTIONS POSEIDON THE SALMON: which has become an invasive plant in less ture, biology, oceanic science or chemis- NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN than twenty years. While I am respons- try backgrounds to help test and deliver ible for testing the water, and researching solutions; practically we are hiring people OF OUR LIVES I am a young male salmon. My thousands scientific solutions, dad will do the man- who are unemployed but qualified enough of family members have lived in this area ual labour, including removing the plants to do some physical labour to implement for hundreds of years. Usually we come or some sludge that was produced by the the solution or work on the publicity. We to the upstream to lay eggs during mig- factory. He also sometimes teaches the believed it is a good way to decrease the ratory seasons. Things have changed when kids in elementary schools about the en- unemployment rate as well. And most many of my family members died. There vironment. If possible, we will be sent to importantly, even kids are given educ- is a rumour that something thin, colourful other areas to help the local environment ation about environment, we still need it to and kind of transparent is floating on the and their animals. “See,” my parents told be more effective, to give them even more way upstream. Those salmon that pass that their neighbours proudly, “with whatever practical experience. We still have a long thing will die. My grandma, one of the Joe learns, he always does something good way to go. few survivors, told me not only plastic, but to the world!” What’s more, we call for a control in also a kind of strange noise made by huge market price in order to restrict people’s dark shadows that messed up her ability to TEN-YEAR-OLD HOPE: usage of resources. For example, by raising receive directions through sound. “Your RHODE ISLAND, UNITED STATES the price, citizens are motivated to use less grandpa died on his way back. It will be water because they want to pay lower bills. a huge problem whether we should come I’m a third grader in elementary school in Lastly, for the sake of sustainable develop- across the ocean to breed in the future or RI. Since kindergarten, everyone is taught ment, countries can get rid of traditional not.” to help protect the environment. This year and inefficient agricultural practices, and I am about to be an adult so I am de- we are having lessons about migratory ani- pay more attention to tourism. It takes time termined to go through this mysterious mals and cleaning the ocean once in a while. to realize these ideas; but with the help area. To my surprise, there are neither It still sounds a little bit difficult for me from each other, we are always hopeful. colourful stuff nor dark shadows. Some to understand, but I know it is always our human beings by the oceanside are collect- duty, and those who can’t keep their pro- 70-YEAR-OLD MAN: ing water into small cylinder tubes. Some mise to protect the environment are liars. B R A Z I L little men on the other side is taking those The idea is also supported by my friend, coloruful stuff away. Seagulls are flying in Liam, a resolute protector of migratory I’ve been living in Brazil my whole life, the sky. Oops, I’d better hide now! animals. near the Amazon rain forest, home to One day our class went down the ocean hundreds and thousands of animal spe- JOE JR. AND JOE SR.: to do some cleaning as usual. A girl sud- »THE RAINFOREST cies. In order to develop the economy, our CHINA denly screamed: “Look, there is a sea- government forged relations with nations gull in the sky!” Everybody looked up. HAS BEEN GREATLY worldwide and exchanged natural resour- Born in Beijing, I’m Joe Jr., a college student studying agri- Mr. Joe then began to introduce seagulls 17-year-old Xiaoli Han, ces from the rainforest for money. The plans to study social culture. My dad, Joe Sr. is a retired work- to us. “You know what,” Liam suddenly DESTROYED, MANY consequence is far from our expectation: sciences. She loves er from a factory in China. Actually, dad said, “my grandpa loves seagulls, but there the rainforest has been greatly destroyed, communicating with is only forty-five this year. The factory he are fewer and fewer seagulls in his place people, the inspiration ANIMALS AND PLANTS many animals and plants are on the edge for the stories she used to work for was forced to close down because of pollution. I want to find out if of extinction. contributed here. because of over-contamination. He lost his the gulls are doing better now.” “I’ll go ARE ON THE EDGE OF If they would like to hear from an old job. Without education and youth, dad can with you.” I said. man, the government needs better forest do nothing but put his faith in his son. The EXTINCTION« management: they should restrict any kind life of mine is not easy, even though I will THE ORGANIZATION of illegal deforestation, illegal processing get my bachelor degree by the end of the and exportation as well as tax evasion by school year, I can’t find a job. We have people from all around the world laws. According to statistics, the govern- Finally, the lemon turned into lemon- who would like to devote themselves to ment admitted that sixty-three per cent of ade. An organization is hiring people who environmental protection. After looking logs were cut down by illegal channels in are educated in agriculture. Also, those at long-term studies, we decided to enforce

60 Their Future is Our Future 61 People & Animals III: Africa

Recent declines breaks. Thanks harvesting of the Western to an initiative vegetables, Cameroon Lowland Gorilla that redirected the supply of are due to locals from sel- gorilla meat poaching and ling bushmeat in Cameroon is African Communities ebola out- to sustainably declining.

BY WINSTON FRU The Limbe Wildlife Cen- tre (LWC), located in the South-West of Ca- meroon, is a reputable sanctuary that cares for more than 200 primates (15 primate species native to Cameroon) that have been confiscated from the illegal trade in bushmeat and pet trade. These primates include gorillas, chimpanzees, drills, mandrills and other species of small monkeys, as well as some non-primate species such as dui- kers, crocodiles and the African Grey Par- rot. The LWC works ex- tensively with the local community to secure the long-term survival of the threatened and endangered wildlife of Cameroon. It focuses on raising awareness

Photo by Jeff Jarrett/Adobe Stock by Jeff Jarrett/Adobe Photo and changing attitudes

Their Future is Our Future 63 People & Animals III: Africa as well as creating alternative livelihood is testing the fences nationwide as a method projects that are economically beneficial and to mitigate human-elephant conflict. promote the conservation of biodiversity. As elephants disperse from the fence- The Green Leaf Vegetable Scheme and less Tsavo East National Park in southern the Aframomum Project in Batoke, a hunt- Kenya in search of water and sustenance, ing village about 11km from the LWC is they disturb front-line farms at night, one of such projects that have bridged the breaking in to eat crops or stored grain. gap between conservation and sustainable Elephants can destroy an entire crop in livelihoods. For so many years the village one single raid as well as endanger the lives of Batoke was a hotspot for the bushmeat of the farmers dependent on their crops. and pet trade. Locals and tourists would This is a major problem, as the farmers of- visit to buy and eat bushmeat as a delicacy, ten retaliate by scaring off the elephants from gorilla meat to the Gabon Viper. A or throwing spears at them. This results well-coordinated hunters’ syndicate of 40 in either people or elephants being woun- members (Batoke Hunters Club) existed in ded or killed. KWS rangers are frequently the village to facilitate the bushmeat and called to drive elephants off and several pet trade as a means of making a living. human fatalities have occurred, straining The Green Leaf Vegetable Scheme fo- relations between the community and the cuses on redirecting the local women from overworked and under-resourced KWS. preparing and selling bushmeat to sustain- Farmers using beehive fences are trained ably harvesting green leafy vegetables (e.g. on both fence construction techniques and cassava leaves) which are then sold to the the principles of bee-keeping. They are also LWC to feed the primates. The Aframo- encouraged to plant crops less palatable to mum Project contracts former hunters to elephants on the perimeter of their fields, harvest aframomum, a genus in the ginger such as sunflowers and moringa. family, which is widely eaten by primates. Dr Lucy King’s doctoral thesis has led to The plant is a perennial deciduous herb with the construction of protective fences around a tufted leafy stem known to have anti- farmers’ fields, reducing human-elephant parasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, and conflict, improving food security and provi- antiviral properties, and helps maintain ding additional income from honey. While the gastrointestinal balance and is one of a few farmers were wary of taking up bee- the most preferred browse by primates at keeping, with guidance from the project LWC. It is used for enrichment as gorillas Elephants and Bees team and donated protective suits they have at LWC not only eat the plant but use it to become more confident, as beehive fences make a nest for sleeping. have an 80 per cent success rate for peace- Aframomum is a wild plant that grows fully deterring elephants. in secondary forests and does not need Across Africa, farmers and elephants to be cultivated and therefore there is no BY Lucy King share the same land, but elephants cannot need to slash and burn (a common far- easily be contained within national parks, ming practice in this village) the forest The Elephants and Bees Project is con- because of their size and intelligence. for farming. Harvesting is done sustain- ducted under the umbrella of the UK re- Kenya Electric fences are too expensive, trenches ably, using a method that allows the stem search charity Save the Elephants in as- can be filled in and crossed by elephants, Tsavo East to regenerate and becomes ready after 2-3 sociation with the University of Oxford National Park and traditional thorn-bush barriers offer months for the next harvest. The project and Disney’s Animal Kingdom and in too little protection. Incidents of elephant The TSAVO EAST provides employment and has become the partnership with Kenya Wildlife Service NATIONAL PARK in deaths by shooting or poisoning are a con- major source of income for the ex-hunters (KWS) in Kenya. southern Kenya is cern, as is the sustainable livelihood of and their families. Today, the market for By deploying the novel Beehive Fence home to approximately those farmers. 6,000 elephants. Far- bushmeat has dwindled tremendously as design to protect small farms from dama- mers and free-roaming The project aims to change the attitude most local women who own bushmeat re- ging elephant crop-raids, the project ex- elephants share the of people who have always seen elephants same land, leading staurants now belong to the Green Leaf ploits African Elephants’ fear of honey bees to conflicts due to as dangerous pests. Ultimately, changes in Vegetable Scheme. The Batoke hunters’ and promotes beekeeping as an alternative crop-raiding and other the perception of these animals helps the damage. The construc- clubs no longer exist as most of their mem- income. Beehive Fences are presently up tion of beehive fences communities understand the importance bers have been employed by the Aframo- and running in test sites in 11 African and has enabled them to of elephants in the ecosystem and live to- mum Project. Klotz by Lucy King; Andreas Photo 3 Asian Elephant Range States, and Kenya live in harmony. gether in harmony.

64 Their Future is Our Future 65 People & Animals III: Africa The Scimitar-horned Oryx

BY John Newby

Since the dawn of mankind, wildlife has Scimitar-horned Oryx, Dama, Dorcas, been a crucial source of food and other Slender-horned and Cuvier’s Gazelles). products. Until recently, this source of Largely ignored by the international food was used sustainably to ensure live- conservation community at that time, the lihood. Stories by former explorers high- Sahara‘s uniquely adapted desert fauna and light the use of desert wildlife, not only as flora – often among some of the globe’s a source of protein but also as great qual- most threatened - play a fundamental role ity clothing or tools. The Scimitar-horned in maintaining the productivity and resi- Oryx, a migratory antelope that was once lience of some of the world’s most fragile widespread across North Africa, even sup- nations. The Sahara’s plants and animals ported a major trade in hides for leather Once roaming the are also particularly well adapted to cope fringes of the Sahara, and especially the manufacture of shields between real desert with the global threats of climate change for combat. and the Sahel, the and desertification. Unfortunately, automatic weapons, SCIMITAR ORYX went Over a decade of work in the field has extinct in the wild in 4-wheel drive vehicles and greed have up- 2000. tangibly demonstrated the relevance of set the balance, threatening the survival of SCF’s approach and vision in implement- many species. As a result, the photograph ing the Sustainable Development Goals. of the last known wild Scimitar-horned They include the establishment and ma- Oryx was taken in the Aïr Mountains of nagement of protected areas and criti- Niger in May 1980. Coupled with periodic cal wildlife corridors, the reintroduction drought, changing land-use patterns, habi- of lost species, and hands-on training of tat loss and civil unrest, hunting has had a African professionals through mentoring, catastrophic impact on the Oryx and many wildlife surveys and monitoring. of the migratory species in the region, These methods have a very positive im- including the Addax and Dama Gazelle pact on biodiversity conservation at both which share the same habitats in the Sahel local and regional scales. Apart from the and the Sahara. progressive implication of local commu- The Sahara Conservation Fund(SCF) nities in conservation efforts - which is in was launched in 2004 to halt this un- itself encouraging - tangible outcomes can acceptable biodiversity loss. The main goal be observed. Among them, we were happy of the organization is to address the extinc- to welcome this year the first Oryx calves tion crisis facing the wildlife of the Saha- born in Chad after we reintroduced their ra and neighbouring Sahelian grasslands parents to the wild, while the species had that make up over 20 per cent of the sur- been declared extinct a few years ago! We face area of Africa. The origins ofSCF can hope good news such as this will inspire be traced back to the meeting in Djerba, more action and projects to halt and reverse Tunisia in 1998, convened by CMS to define the decline of biodiversity on Earth. and adopt a concerted action plan of six endangered Sahelo-Sahara antelopes (Addax, WWW.SAHARACONSERVATION.ORG

66 not resilient? or Resilient 68 oppor are dogs The loss. heat with help and members, pack of other track keep them to allow which ears large have They pattern. same exact the possessing no dogs with yellow and white red, brown, black, coat of brown a mottled have They rica. Af of East part southern the and Africa issue. very this to investigate underway are Studies change? of climate face the in endure resilience this but will resilient, appears species The range. rical histo of cent their per six than less habit Dogs, Wild are approximately There People &AnimalsIII:Africa African Wild Dogs live in Southern Southern in live Dogs Wild African Lycaon pictus 6,600 African African 6,600 , left which in which , left - - - - ductive cycle isnot. suggests therepro Yet, recent research high temperatures. seems imperviousto On thesurface, the AFRICAN WILD DOG BY

Harriet TabernerHarriet -

may fare quite well, is well founded. well is well, quite fare may dogs the say that of those optimism the that hope us Let beginning. just is animals these on change climate of effects exact the into research the and of Africa, Dog Wild animals. of these future the ence influ negatively will factors of these Each fall. will sizes litter that it predicted is and pups, to raise temperatures lower upon rely dogs these because cycle reproductive the affect day. of the It also may periods hotter the during hours to longer hunt forced be will dogs The carnivores. large of the smallest it the is as kill) the steals species (when alarger to kleptoparasitism tible them. upon prey that carnivores the amongst increases competition the numbers, in diminish zers gra the As warmer. becoming are periods these temperatures rising but with to hunt, day of the periods coolest the choose dogs Dog. The Wild African the will so ming, war of global because struggle species prey the If to droughts. sensitive are and not –are animals -grazing prey its dent, that allows their body temperature to temperature body their allows that away such in constructed also are bodies day. of the heat Their to the avoid nings eve and mornings the during hunt cally tacti and dehydrating, without periods for long run can water. They surface with habitats not do need and climates, dry and temperatures to high adapted well are they as well, quite fare may They cope? carnivores social these how will is tion ques the range, Dogs’ Wild the in grees members. pack sick for old and this do also They food. regurgitate dogs older the present, to be young too are they when or kill, ata first feed young The pack. entire the by for cared then are pups The months. cooler the during pups to twenty of two alitter produces of which female the pair, breeding amonogamous by ted domina is pack The well. as wildebeests tackle even and kudus and impala zelles, ga antelopes, hunting predators, tunistic not be assured. assured. not be might survival Dogs’ Wild the vantages, ad natural these Despite sweating. avoid they one meaning ambient the above stay The future does not look good for the for good not look does future The As global warming ratchets up the de up the ratchets warming global As While While Lycaon pictus Lycaon pictus is water-indepen is already suscep is already ------

Photo by Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images set your clock by migratory birds, set your birds, clock bymigratory Time keepers ofnature – CIC – CIC and WildlifeGame Conservation International Council for Conservation through the sustainable useofwildlife.

www.cic-wildlife.org we do!

organised for the World Migratory Bird Day in 2017 in Day Bird Migratory World the for organised One of the winning child’s drawing of the CIC drawing competition competition drawing CIC the of drawing child’s winning the of One Heart & Pulse III: Jane Goodall

proved so successful that we have estab- and protection along the migratory route Protecting primates lished partnerships in 52 villages, where will decide on survival or extinction. So, volunteers monitor the health of their fo- listing Chimpanzees on Appendix I would rests with smart phones. Similar methods certainly benefit the species. The Gorilla to protect the planet are being used in six other Chimpanzee Agreement could be revised to benefit all range countries. African apes, with collaboration between Can you relate the CMS COP 12 theme eleven African countries. Successful out- “Their Future, Our Future” to your own comes from the meeting would improve work? the morale of those working as rangers and Climate change threatens nature and our on conservation issues, especially through own species and the number of climate good media coverage.. Where does your passion and commit- refugees is increasing. For millennia, mig- What efforts are needed to arrest the ment for biodiversity and great apes ratory birds have paused to seek food to declines in wild animal populations? come from? sustain them on long journeys. Sea turtles To halt the dramatic loss of wild animals, I have always loved nature and animals - have arrived on specific beaches to lay their it is desperately important that we solve and from the age of 10, I wanted to go to eggs. Salmon have returned to the river of three seemingly insoluble problems: Africa. My study of Chimpanzees began their birth to mate. Like human migrants, 1) Extreme poverty. People in rural areas in 1960 in Tanzania’s Gombe National these species face a hostile reception at the- will destroy the last trees in their despe- Park. Later, I helped organize a confer- se traditional destinations. And the dangers rate effort to grow food and those in ur- ence bringing together scientists studying along the way are constantly increasing. ban areas will buy the cheapest food and Chimpanzees. I was shocked at how fast More stringent measures to protect wildlife clothes because they cannot afford to ask Chimpanzee numbers were declining due will benefit our own species. We are part whether the product was obtained ethi- to hunting for bushmeat, the live animal of the natural world, and our continued cally. 2) Unsustainable life styles. The rest trade and habitat destruction. I went to over-exploitation of non-renewable natural of us must start thinking about the con- the conference as a scientist but left as resources will destroy the future for the ge- sequences of what we buy and the cumu- an activist. The main difference between nerations that come after us. lative effect of those small ethical choices us and Chimpanzees is human intellect. I hope that discussions at COP12 will lead to will make a huge difference. More CEOs But it is bizarre that the most intellectual more solutions for the conservation of mig- need to be concerned with environmental being to ever walk this planet is destroying ratory species before it is too late. For some responsibility, too. 3) Human population its home. I hear “we haven’t inherited this species, free movement between countries growth. Family planning must be widely planet from our parents, we have borrowed discussed. Girls’ education is a priority: As it from our children.” But we are stealing women get better educated and have more the planet from future generations. control over their lives, their families tend What success stories could you share with to get smaller. Unfortunately, there seems us regarding wildlife conservation? to be a trend for the wealthy to have many After the 1986 Understanding Chimpan- »OUR CONTINUED children who will use up more resources zees Conference, I went to eight African than those in poverty. countries to learn about the plight of the OVER-EXPLOITATION What progress would you like to see in Chimpanzees. And I then realized the the next few years? plight of the people living around Chim- OF NON-RENEWABLE We need more public awareness about panzee habitats and that only by impro- conservation, greater funding and growth ving those people’s lives, could we save the NATURAL RESOURCES in movements such as Roots & Shoots animals. The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) which began in Tanzania in 1991 with 12 initiated the Lake Tanganyika Catchment students. Now present in 100 countries, it JANE GOODALL WILL DESTROY THE Reforestation and Education (TACARE) has members of all ages and 100,000 ac- The primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist and UN Messenger of Peace, Jane Goodall is programme in the 12 villages around the tive groups. Each group decides on three synonymous with the cause of chimpanzee Gombe National Park. TACARE de- FUTURE FOR projects to make the world around them conservation having studied the species’ veloped into a holistic programme, ranging a better place – for people, for animals, social and family interactions for over half a GENERATIONS THAT century, having started her work in Gombe from restoring over-used farmland and for the environment. The main message National Park, Tanzania in 1960. introducing water management plans and is “every individual matters, and every in- reforestation, to microcredit opportunities FOLLOW« dividual makes a difference – every single and scholarships to keep girls in school. day.” I wish all at COP12 fruitful discussi- We also introduced our Roots & Shoots ons, wise decisions, and firm commitment programmes into schools. TACARE has to implementation.

70 Illustration by Berto Martinez Their Future is Our Future 71 The SDGs and CMS

spectacle of great animal migrations serve the forests and grasslands that sus- SUSTAINABLE The stakes across the continent. tain our migratory animals and, along We cannot do it alone; more countries, with them, countless other, less mobile are high companies, organizations and people need plants and animals. And because mig- DEVELOPMENT to engage in this global journey towards ratory animals do not recognize national fulfillment of the Sustainable Develop- borders, ensuring their well-being will, ment Goals. Indeed, international coop- by necessity, require strengthened global GOALS eration will be an essential part of achiev- partnerships for sustainable development ing the SDGs and we can look with confi- (SDG17). dence to the UN and multilateral environ- Given the importance of conserving ment agreements, such as CMS, to provide the world’s migratory animals, what Two years ago, the world adopted 17 Sus- the forums that will devise the requisite are the key steps to take in the next few tainable Development Goals (SDGs) to means for the good of our planet, people years? My recommendation is to maximi- end poverty, protect the planet and ensure and the prosperity of all. ze Income: Inventory; Connectivity; and prosperity for all. This was one of the most Management and Enhancement of hab- historic agreements of our time and it has itats for migratory species. Every nation the potential to revolutionize the way we should commit to inventorying the great and other species on Earth co-exist. There H.E. MR. MACHARIA KAMAU Ambassador migrations that occur within or across its and Permanent Representative of Kenya to the has never been a more critical time to have United Nations, appointed by the President of the borders, starting with birds, mammals and these goals in place; huge chunks of the UN General Assembly as the Special Envoy on fish. Then, focus on maintaining and res- Great Barrier Reef in Australia are dying, Sustainable Development Goals Implementation toring the connectivity of habitats, thereby we continue to see the mass extinction of and Climate Change. giving the migrants safe passage. Break- animals, islands are disappearing and too throughs in technology now let us map the many people still live in extreme poverty. world’s landscapes in unprecedented de- The stakes are high for everyone – we tail via satellites or track the movements cannot afford to ignore climate change or of animals as large as a Blue Whale or as extreme poverty nor shy away from the little as a bumblebee. We can finally fig- BY Robert Vagg hard choices and investments. I have tra- ure out where the migrants are going and velled from Dubai to Oslo, from Hanoi what habitats they need. A great starting In September 2015 at an historic UN to Botswana. I’ve witnessed the impress- point in this regard would be to commit to Summit world leaders adopted the 17 Sus- ive efforts by governments, private sector, Their path protecting or restoring “buffers” of native tainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the innovators, and civil society to implement forest or grassland along the banks of all 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop- the Sustainable Development Goals. The is our path sizeable rivers and streams. These buffers ment. These Goals entered into force on results of these efforts give me great confi- will pay multiple dividends: they will faci- 1 January 2016 and apply to all countries, dence that as a global community, working litate the movement of migratory animals which over the coming 15 years will try together, we can achieve the SDGs. while also safeguarding water quality and to end poverty in all its forms, to tackle My home country, Kenya, is one of the protecting fisheries for downstream vill- inequalities and deal with climate change. world’s most bio-diverse countries, with ages and cities. The SDGs are the successors to the 80 major animal species, among them over Underlying all these actions, of course, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 1000 species of birds and extensive coral is the sound management and enhance- and renew the world’s commitment to eli- reefs. Kenya hosts one of the largest re- We are fascinated by them, we are inspi- ment of the habitats upon which migra- minating poverty. All countries, poor and gional migrations of the world, where 1.3 red by them, and, most importantly, we tory animals depend. If these habitats are rich alike are urged to protect the planet’s million wildebeest, 200,000 zebras and need them. Migratory animals constitute protected, and if the migrants themselves environment while at the same time pro- 18,000 Eland Antelopes make the journey a global resource that enriches the lives of are not subject to unsustainable exploitati- The SDGs set the tone moting increased prosperity. Eliminating from Kenya to Tanzania and back. Migra- everyone on Earth. Not surprisingly, then, on, we will have taken a giant step toward and direction for development and aid un- poverty must complement actions de- tory birds move from Europe to the global the conservation of migratory animals is meeting many of the Sustainable Develop- til 2030, advocating for signed to enhance economic growth and south, finding refuge and food in Kenya. necessary to achieving a number of Sus- ment Goals. sustainable management of environmental meet various social needs, such as educa- As an important country for animal tainable Development Goals (SDGs). If resources. tion, health, social and employment, migration we recognize the crucial role we wish to end hunger (SDG2), we can- without neglecting the environment or ig- we play in the world’s biodiversity, which not do so unless we protect the migratory noring climate change. is precisely why we’ve invested heavily fish stocks that sustain millions of people DAVID S. WILCOVE Professor of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Public Affairs Princeton The SDGs of greatest relevance to CMS in clean forms of energy and conservati- (SDG14). If we aspire to combat climate University, USA. Professor Wilcove has 32 years of are goals 14 and 15 Life below Water and on efforts. We want to ensure that ours change (SDG13) or halt the extinction of experience with conservation and biodiversity, his Life on Land. is not the last generation to witness the species (SDG15), we are obliged to con- research interests focusing mainly on these topics.

72 Their Future is Our Future 73 Long before humans appeared in the Coral Triangle, marine turtles were already swimming the region's seas and laying eggs on its beaches. These iconic species are not only crucial links CORAL TRIANGLE in the Coral Triangle's ecosystems, they play a major role in food production, cultural significance, societal livelihoods and support economic activity. But the threats they continue to face are reducing MARINE TURTLES & TURTLES population numbers to critically low levels and hampering recovery. The status quo is no longer an option where unsustainable exploitation of marine turtles and their environment across the IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE Asia-Pacific region requires urgent and renewed attention. THEIR PROTECTION STATUS Number of marine Number of marine turtle species that either Hawksbill

turtle species in forage, breed or nest in Eretmochelys imbricata CRITICALLY the world the Coral Triangle ENDANGERED 7 6

Leatherback Dermochelys coriacea

CRITICALLY 500,000 Deadly threats at ENDANGERED Almost half a million hawksbill West Pacific Ocean subpopulation turtles have been supplied to feed every life stage the tortoiseshell trade. And is on Illegal trade and direct consumption Loggerhead the rise as emerging markets (meat, eggs, shell, leather, curios) Caretta caretta continue to demand supply. CRITICALLY Bycatch (trawlers, longlines, gill nets) ENDANGERED North East Indian Ocean and South Pacific subpopulations THE YEARLY VALUE OF GOODS Habitat destruction and alteration AND SERVICES THAT FLOW (coastal tourism, industrial development) Green turtle Chelonia mydas

FROM MELANESIA’S COASTAL Pollution ENDANGERED AND OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTS: Disease

US$5.4 billion Climate change Olive ridley Lepdochelys olivacea VULNERABLE People who rely on the sea for food are feeling the Papua New Guinea and Australia Number of turtles caught each impacts of climate change where there could be an 80% rated in the top three for legal take 4,950 year as bycatch by Indonesian 75% decline in the regions coastal environment to provide of marine turtles globally longline vessels only Flatback Percentage of hawksbill turtle food for people by 2100. Global warming is aecting Ref: Humber et al., 2014 Natator depressus populations lost from the Paciﬁc marine turtles too skewing sex ratios resulting in more Research Centre For Capture Fisheries Indonesia Ministry of Marine Affairs DATA DEFICIENT Ocean in the last 3 generations females with unknown population consequences. and Fisheries (PRP, T), 2006 Ref: IUCN Red List, 2008 WWF/University of Queensland, 2016; Hawkes et al. 2007

The Coral Triangle - the nursery of the seas - is the most diverse marine region on the planet, covering some © 1986 Panda symbol WWF ® "WWF" is a WWF Registered Trademark. More information, along with a downloadable version of this factsheet, 2 can be found at www.panda.org/coraltriangle 6 million km of ocean across 6 countries in the Asia-Paciﬁc region. This ecological wonder is home to 76% Credits: Catalyze Sustainability Communications of the world's reef-building coral species and 6 out the 7 known species of marine turtles. 76 TO THEOCEAN THREATS

Photo by Simon J. Pierce pieces ofplastic. consumption ofsmall nets andaccidental entanglement inghost Debris can result in 200 beingmigratory. species, withmore than impacted over 650 MARINE DEBRIS has many marinespecies. threatening issue for can become alife- This increase inlevels for thepast 60years. areas, every decade, have doubled insome genic Levels ofanthropo- MARINE NOISE

of debris. from furthertypes to harmful activities,and try to mitigate against and marinedebris,to issues ofmarinenoise dressing boththe COP12 willbead- PROTECT SPECIES

Big Issue III: Marine Issues

harbour some of the largest shark concen- SHARKS ARE trations that remain on Earth. The governments of these countries have shown global leadership by establishing fully WORLD CITIZENS no-take marine sanctuaries to protect these outstanding shark aggregations, that in turn support a thriving shark-diving tourism economy. However, despite that, for a great part of the year most sharks remain within reserve boundaries, their urge to reproduce drives them to venture into the surrounding, unprotected waters. Sharks are world citizens, and they do not know about park boundaries or international Sharks have been around for 400 mil- There is an urgent frontiers, and the best example of this is need to establish lion years, long before the time of the international, trans- the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphy- dinosaurs. They have evolved over all that boundary fully protec- rna lewini). One of the most sought-after ted marine parks. time to become efficient top-predators, species by fishing fleets, given their large surviving multiple mass extinctions along fins, Hammerheads are listed as globally the way. However, after decades of cont- Endangered by the International Union inuous overfishing driven by the demand for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). for shark fin soup in Asian markets, sharks They are included on Appendix II of the are now one of the most threatened group Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) of species and many are facing extinction. and the Convention on International Trade Sharks reproduce late, have a small num- in Endangered Species (CITES). ber of offspring, live for many years and Every year, female hammerheads leave have complex reproductive cycles. All the safe haven of these oceanic marine these life-history characteristics make sanctuaries, to undertake a reproductive them very vulnerable to unsustainable migration that leads them to mangrove fishing practices, especially during repro- areas located in the Pacific coast of main- ductive seasons. land South America. Pups are born here migration from protected areas they are A female SCALLOPED And there are a number of good rea- New born SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD during The Tropical Eastern Pacific is a shark HAMMERHEAD during the second quarter of the year and at risk of being caught on the numerous her last stages of sons to do this. Sharks are not only vital hotspot and the oceanic islands and UN- SHARKS are sold mangrove roots provide an excellent kin- fishing hooks that surround these ocea- pregnancy. to maintain healthy marine ecosystems in coastal markets ESCO World Heritage Sites of Isla del across the coast of dergarten where babies spend their first nic islands and along the mainland coast. and fisheries, but also for business: a live Coco (Costa Rica), Malpelo (Colombia) the Tropical Eastern year of life before migrating to open waters. When baby hammerhead sharks are born, shark in the Galapagos of Isla del Coco is and Darwin y Wolf (Galapagos, Ecuador) Pacific. When female sharks take the return they are very vulnerable to gillnets and worth hundreds of thousands of U.S. dol- long-lines deployed on mangrove bays. lars versus a couple of hundred if killed Many end up sold for a couple of U.S. dol- for its fins. Also, when fish populations lars in local fish markets. Until we protect recover inside reserve boundaries, adjacent these biological corridors and key shark fisheries are enhanced by the movement of nursery areas, negative population trends adults out of the reserve by a phenomenon for Hammerheads recorded in the last known as “spill-over”. A win-win situation decades cannot be reversed. for oceans and the ecosystem services they Similar to successful conservation ex- provide to local communities. amples on land, such as the Kavango Zambezi Peace Park that spans across the Southern Africa countries of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbab- we; there is an urgent need to establish international, transboundary fully protected DR. PELAYO SALINAS-DE-LEÓN is a marine marine parks. This will ensure the protec- ecologist with a interested in Marine Protected Are- as, sharks’ ecology and the communication of science. tion of many highly migratory and endan- Currently he serves as National Geographic-Pris- gered species during their annual regional tine Seas Conservation Scientist and as senior marine Photos by Pelayo Salinas de León/CDF by Pelayo Photos migrations. ecologist with the Charles Darwin Foundation.

78 Their Future is Our Future 79 80 tation. detection, andorien tion, prey andpredator sight for communica- on soundrather than marine wildlife relies deep into water, trates only 200metres As sunlightpene- (OF) IT? HAVE YOUHEARD OCEAN NOISE– Big Issue III:MarineIssues BY

Alexandra van Hoek van Alexandra

ting at 10-15 second intervals. Advocates of Advocates at 10-15 intervals. ting second blas boat, per guns air up to 30-40 with each arrays several pull vessels some energy, To acoustic this pollutant. create loudest the remains deposits gas and oil derwater un to locate surveying seismic directions, all in signals pitched high sending ting, tes to sonar Next pollutant. only not the is 1950s. This the since decade every bling dou noise on water, with transported is world trade of cent today’s per 90 over as increase, to continues traffic Ship engines. ships’ by caused is pollutant noise derwater it. escape cannot underwater life while of it unaware largely are humans that is however, threat, this with problem major A consequences. detrimental with life rine ma all affecting increasing, continuously pollution noise Underwater The most common and continuous un continuous and common most The

has been been has ------

presented with draft guidelines for guidelines draft with presented chemicals, noise also pollutes. pollutes. also noise chemicals, and plastics like Just seen. be can doing are we harm the Not all it causes. damage the ignore cannot we ears, muted to is our water policy. ternational in in advance amajor represent will delines gui These activity. proposed of any impacts about information sufficient with presented are they that ensuring by decision-makers helping jurisdictions, domestic in plicable ap to Parties advice tailored provide which using Environmental Impact Assessments Assessments Impact Environmental using of activities, stages planning the as early as necessary are considerations se-related noi of biota”. agreed, range been It has on a wide impacts severe have can noise marine that “recognizing addressed, was of ship noise and the physiology and stress stress and physiology the and noise of ship amount the between correlation a direct found also have studies changes, nication commu and displacement to habitat Next engines. of ship humming deep the over le more audib ones, high-pitched more recent the than sounds deeper included recordings older where Whales, Right Atlantic North in changes communication found have dies stu Additionally, surveying. seismic ring du cent 78 by per decrease can abundance fish Reef species. of marine behaviour the away. km 4,000 almost heard be can and ayear for over ofcent days per on 80 recorded was surveying seismic areas, some In sounds. occurring naturally to not is comparable surveys of seismic cy frequen the at take-off. Yet, engine to ajet it compare opponents earthquakes; dersea un or eruptions volcanic seafloor as such sounds, marine occurring ble to naturally compara is noise the claim surveys these CMS (EIA) at 2008, In rising. zooplankton. adult dead in increase to threefold atwo- to cause found was exposure signal gun air rimental Expe to plankton. whales from chain food the down animals marine all in found be can surveying seismic of Effects hormones. stress-related less with correlated directly is noise less where animals, marine in levels Even though the noise we produce under under produce we noise the Even though Naturally, noise pollution influences influences pollution noise Naturally, Awareness of this pollution is slowly slowly is pollution of this Awareness species and their prey. their and species to evaluate effects of marine noise on noise marine of effects to evaluate CMS COP9, CMS COP12 the issue issue the is being being is EIAs ------,

Photo by Zena Holloway/Getty Images; Flip Nicklin/Picture Press BY from the public to take their own steps to steps own their to take public the from action inspired has but awareness-raising critical, becoming is situation The dices. also called “ghost gear”, which is estimated estimated is “ghost which gear”, called also gear, fishing discarded in entanglement is species marine forrisk biggest The consequences. lethal suffer Many birds. sea- and shore- and turtles marine mals, mam marine of fish, species migratory all includes This debris. marine by affected be to likely is environment marine the around ocean. the in up end likely can and systems, collection it to not make does worldwide packaging 32% of plastic of. Approximately sposed di improperly and utilized excessively are they as ecosystems, to problem our a huge present plastics Single-use items. everyday common other or many or drinks, food, of our of packaging form the in plastic encounter day, will every .Everyone, sea the in fish actual than moreplastic be will that estimate Predictions migratory and listed in the the in listed and migratory are of which 200 over species, 650 over feeding. when microplastics of amounts large ingest also can sharks, whale and whales baleen as such feeders, Filter stomachs. their in for food space no have they that much so consume times some- and trash, of plastic form some gested in have of seabirds 90% for food. mistaken often are pieces, larger disintegrated from or fragments size that in manufactured death. and to injury leading life, marine entangling purpose, their ving ser ultimately still are nets fishing these abandoned, Although seas. global in bris de marine of 10% the up around to make TO MIGRATION PLASTIC DEBRIS THE COSTSOF

Pia Ricca Any species that spends time in and and in time spends that species Any These impacts are documented for documented are impacts These ones either of plastics, pieces Smaller by 2050, there there 2050, by CMS Appen ------

engage those countries not yet Party to Party not yet countries those engage to also crucial it especially blem makes against this critical situation. situation. critical this against remediating and change instigating by cies spe of migratory to populations damage the to address able be may we countries, with moreengagement and cooperation international With affected. species of the range the outside away, even far from come can litter of the source the as Convention, CMS larger scale. scale. larger on amuch stakeholders to work with ach appro amultilateral creates and gislations le robust to implement possible becomes it Programmes, Seas Regional ment and res. With collaboration between between collaboration With res. measu prevention to promote debris and gear abandoned to address Parties upon calling by species on migratory debris rine of ma impacts the mitigating towards ing embracing. are industries and countries that solutions of some the are charges bag plastic introducing and ging, of packa designs better materials, able biodegrad- to create technologies of new Development of waste. manufacturing the reducing by solution of the part addressing and mentality, in of shifts drivers biggest the be can Industries responsibility. to take contributors biggest the to get campaign to but also of plastics, use their decrease other organizations, such as as such organizations, other The transboundary nature of the pro of nature transboundary The Additionally, the Convention is work- is Convention the Additionally, and thus outside the influence of the of influence the outside thus and UN Environ CMS and and Their Future isOurFuture ------

and impacts. sources, pathways onmarinedebris crease inknowledge the significant in- management to reflect on tions to its resolutions CMS isproposing addi MARINE DEBRIS

- Big Issue III: Marine Issues

Unlike other pingers, the PAL floats PAL might also mitigate by-catch if de- A NEW and can withstand rough handling on ployed in Mecklenburg-Western Pomera- board vessels, reaches a source level of up nia, on the Danish and Swedish Baltic Sea to 145 dB. Its batteries last 1½ years when coasts and beyond. WARNING continuously operating and are replaceab- le. ThePAL hardware can be reprogram- FURTHER APPLICATIONS DEVICE med for different operating requirements. PALs have to be mounted on the net float PAL could be adapted for other popula- lines every 200 metres and the method of tions and species - Mexican Vaquita and attaching the devices to nets was impro- species susceptible to mass strandings e.g. ved in consultation with fishermen. Pilot or Sperm Whales. Preliminary tests showed that specific PAL FISHERY TRIALS signals attract Harbour Porpoises which focus their attention on the acoustic detector PAL was tested between 2014 to 2016 by nearby, so another application could be to HARBOUR PORPOISE BY Boris Culik, the Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fish- attract whale species for scientific research Matthias Conrad, BYCATCH eries in the professional Danish and Ger- or to lure them away from hazardous areas. Jérôme Chladek man gillnet fishery in the Baltic leading to Finally, PAL hardware could be adap- There are many reasons why Harbour Por- a significant reduction in bycatch. In 1,000 ted to deter marine mammals to protect poises fail to detect gillnets in time. The trials, fishermen retrieved 6,400 km of them from sound or explosive injuries rela- As gillnets are thin, The PAL WARNING PAL has proven very murky water makes the nets hard to see. nets and by-caught 22 Harbour Porpoises: ted to seismic studies, military exercises, they do not produce DEVICE works by effective in protecting a strong echo that replicating the Harbour Harbour Porpoises Toothed whales produce clicks to detect 5 in nets fitted with warning devices and a construction work for offshore wind farms can be detected by Porpoise alarm signal, from gillnets in the prey and obstacles, but thin nets only give statistically significant 17 in nets without and harbour installations or controlled echolocation. As such, causing the porpoi- Western Baltic Sea, gillnets represent one ses to increase their showing more than a weak echo. them, showing that PAL could reduce by- munitions’ explosions. of the biggest sources echolocation activity, 70% REDUCTIONS in Increasing numbers of Harbour Por- catch in the Baltic by over 70%. of bycatch for HAR- improving their ability bycatch after a 2-year poises are stranding along Germany’s Bal- While results of tests in the Western WWW.F3MT.NET BOUR PORPOISES. to detect the nets. trial period. tic coast (150 reported in 2016 as opposed Baltic Sea show that PAL effectively pro- to an annual average of 30-40 at the turn tects Harbour Porpoises from gillnets, the of the century) with most attributable to results of trials in the North Sea are not gillnet by-catch. conclusive, requiring more tests and pos- Expanding protected areas and estab- sibly research with alternative signals. lishing fishery closures might please conservationists but would strongly affect the REACTIONS OF HARBOUR industry. Gillnet-fishing is size-selective PORPOISES TO PAL and sustainable in relation to its target species; but is bad for by-catch. During trials in the Danish Belt Sea the Acoustic warning devices (“pingers”) reactions of Harbour Porpoises to PAL could help reduce Harbour Porpoise by- signals and customary pingers were com- catch. They emit loud noises that keep pared, and the animals’ response was re- marine mammals at a distance, but also corded. The results show that Harbour exclude them from their habitat and feed- Porpoises react to PAL by maintainaing ing grounds. Pinger noise startles Har- high levels of echolocation activity (twice bour Porpoises, reducing echolocation act- in intensity compared with pingers), ivity, which may lead to higher by-catch. without being excluded from their habitat. Thus, by-catch reduction is probably NEWLY DEVELOPED due to echolocation activity, which allows WARNING DEVICE PAL the animals to detect the nets and avoid collision. Harbour Porpoises interpret upsweep As part of a validation study, the Bal- chirps as warnings. Based on this, the tic Sea Info-Center is planning to deploy PAL has been developed and patented. It 1,680 PAL in Schleswig-Holstein. From imitates Harbour Porpoise alarm signals that same region, already 220 fishermen at a frequency of 133 kHz, which is the engaged in the gillnet fishery entered a one the animals use. voluntary agreement to reduce by-catch. Baltic Sea Fisheries for by Boris Culik; Thünen Institute Photo

82 Their Future is Our Future 83 Essay by Zhou Jingeng CAMI Atlas Ecological Belts and Building a Migration Roads and the Conservation Atlas for Mammals in of Migratory Species Central Asia

cussions. Attendees included top officials Among the world’s greatest spectacles are is supported by the Federal Office of the from the Revolutionary Committee of the overland mammal migrations – milling Environment Switzerland (FOEN); Ger- Chinese Kuomintang, and government of- hooves, billowing dust, and congregating man Federal Agency for Nature Conserva- ficials from the Ministries of Agriculture animals in the midst of bleats and bellows. tion (BfN) with its International Academy and Environmental Protection, the State While the best-known examples are the for Nature Conservation; and the German Forestry Administration, the State Ocea- African Wildebeest and Alaskan Caribou, Ministry of the Environment, Nature nic Administration and other relevant mi- Asia has some of the most magnificent Conservation, Building and Nuclear Saf- nistries, as well as many experts on mig- (and least-known) migrations, including ety (BMUB). ratory species, and representatives from some of the last great temperate ungulate The project addresses one of the most IUCN China, UNDP, UNEP and NGOs. herds on Earth – a million Mongolian Ga- significant threats to large migratory The EBRs Initiative was announced at the zelle, the extraordinary Saiga Antelope, mammals in Central Asia – the growing workshop. the high-plateau Tibetan Antelope, Tibe- development of linear infrastructure (ro- In March 2017, CBCGDF helped to tan and Goitered Gazelles, Asiatic and ads, railroads, fences, and pipelines) across draft a proposal advocating China’s ac- Tibetan Wild Asses, and the Wild Yak. the key habitats and corridors used by cession to CMS to the country’s top political These ungulates provide a unique as- these species. A group of 25 leading ex- advisory body, the Chinese People’s Politi- semblage of large mammals supremely perts on these species and the magnificent cal Consultative Conference, CPPCC. adapted to living in harsh, arid, and cold places where they live collected, collated, Current experience shows that NGOs steppe and desert environments. While debated, and discussed data about the ten play a key role in the protection of migratory these great herds inhabit some of the last CAMI species in terms of range, distribu- birds. CBCGDF has taken various measures true wildernesses, growing threats – ram- tion and movement patterns. This infor- to combat poaching and illegal trading of pant and unsustainable poaching for food, mation was combined with data on linear migratory birds, including direct approach skins, and the traditional medicinal mar- infrastructure (both existing and planned) to combat poaching activities long-estab- ket, along with extractive industries and to identify the greatest threats to each of lished in key locations on the migration the concomitant growth of linear infra- these species, and develop recommenda- routes, to promote legislation and the im- structure that blocks critical movement tions for avoidance and mitigation. provement of the legal framework protec- and fragments the landscape – imperil Compiled into a “CAMI Atlas” this ting migratory species, to increase public some of these great migrations. living document will be available on the NGOs play a key role Migratory species play an important role awareness, to advocate ‘saying “No” to in- In response, CMS is implementing the CMS website. It can then be used by mul- in the protection of migratory birds. in biodiversity conservation. The protection appropriate wildlife releases’, to reduce the “Central Asia Migratory Mammal Initi- tiple stakeholders (government, indust- CBCGDF is a leading of birds – and their habitats – is critical and illicit demand for migratory birds and so ative” (CAMI), its first regionally-driven ry, international lenders, NGOs, research NGO in China to work on preventing the ille- birds do not recognize national boundaries on. These measures have had positive con- collaboration for species protection. It co- scientists, and local community members) gal killing of birds. when they migrate. This is why the China sequences. vers 14 countries, 8 of which are Parties to to help avoid or mitigate the single greatest Biodiversity Conservation and Green De- The CBCGDF sincerely invites more the Convention. It also addresses 15 spe- threats to movement – and thus ultimately velopment Foundation (CBCGDF) and the people and organizations to join the EBRs cies, 11 of which are listed on the Conven- survival – of migratory mammals across IUCN North-East Asia Programme have and work together to protect migratory spe- tion’s Appendices. Central Asia. jointly started an initiative called “Ecologi- cies along the Belt and Roads. To help deal with the specific and ra- cal Belt & Roads” (EBRs). pidly growing threat of linear infrastruc- In late October 2016, the “Ecologi- ture, the Wildlife Conservation Society cal Belt and Roads and CMS Workshop” (WCS), in partnership with the CAMI, is was held by CBCGDF in Beijing. It was ZHOU JINGENG, PhD, Secretary General implementing a project entitled “Atlas of PETER ZAHLER, ERIC SANDERSON, KIM a great honour for the CBCGDF to wel- of China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Range-wide Mapping and Priority Setting FISHER, CHRIS SPAGMOLI all work for the Development Foundation, a China based NGO Wildlife Conservation Society, an NGO aiming to come Dr. Bradnee Chambers, the Execu- participating at the leading edge of biodiversity of CAMI Species (Distribution and Move- conserve the world‘s largest wild places in 16 priority tive Secretary of CMS, to the workshop conservation, environmental protection and sustain- ment Corridors) and Linear Infrastructure regions, home to more than 50% of the planet’s and he brought valuable insights to the dis- able development. by Linda Wong Photo Threats across Central Asia.” This project biodiversity.

84 Their Future is Our Future 85 Eco-Tourism

"Responsible travel 12 West Coast of 13 Wadden Sea 14 Västra Götaland 15 Soomaa Natio- 16 Kalkberg 17 Canary Islands, 18 Mole National 19 Bwindi Forest Scotland, GB National Park, DE County, SE nal Park, EE Cave, DE ES Park, GH National Park, UG ECO-TOURISM WORLDWIDE – WHERE TO GO, to natural areas that conserves the environ- Boat trips offer Seals can be It is possible to Landscape is Take a guided tour A hotspot for wha- Home to over Total income ment and improves excellent whale watched on sand- kayak through made up of peat- in the caves where le watching, where 93 mammal of visits to WHAT TO SEE watching oppor- banks as well as a islets and nature bogs and thick around 20,000 many are resi- species, including gorillas with 10 the well-being of local tunities where stunning variety of reserves, teeming forests, where one bats hibernate dents year-round: elephants and tourists per day on people” (TIES, 2005) Basking Sharks, waterbirds. with seagulls, can witness the over the winter, Bottlenose antelopes and average generate Common Dol- water birds “fifth season”. The including species Dolphins, Short- 344 listed bird US$15 million Key aspect: ecotourism phins, Humpback and forested flyway location of- like Natterer’s Bat finned Pilot and species which can annually. should help protect and Minke Whales landscapes. fers canoeing with and Daubenton‘s Sperm Whales and be discovered on can be spotted. birdwatching. Bat. Angel Sharks. guided tours. wildlife and conserve

3 nature, unlike “na- 20 Serengeti+ Ma- 21 Nosy 22 Maloti Drakens- 23 Koshi Tappu WL 24 Chiang Mai, 25 Kratie, 26 Sorsogon, 27 Komodo ture-based” tourism sai Mara, TZ + KE Sakatia, MG berg Park, LS&ZA Reserve, NP TH KH PH National Park, ID wrongfully labelled Home to the Afri- Diving and A transboundary Birdwatchers can The region hosts This Mekong In snorkeling This National Park as ecotourism and can Elephant and snorkeling around World Heritage come and observe an elephant park riverside town is and diving trips in the Indonesian possibly threatening the White-backed coral reefs with Site; prime bree- more than 493 which is involved one of the most offered by the archipelago is nature conservation. Vulture. The region sightings of diffe- ding strongholds species of birds, in rainforest popular places to local community, home to Komodo is also famous rent fish species, for the Cape and including species restoration. The watch Irrawaddy Whale Sharks Lizards. One can for the largest Green Turtles Bearded Vultures; migrating from park provides a Dolphins, where can be observed also observe wildebeest and and Humpback Ecotourism Siberia and Tibet. home for abused a group of this in the wild and Manta Rays, Green zebra migrations Whales. revenue: US$2.53 elephants and rare animal still undisturbed. and Hawksbill in the world. million in 2015/16. educates visitors. resides. Turtles.

28 Shark Bay, 29 Philip Island 30 Otago Peninsu- 31 Otorohanga AU Nature Park, AU la, NZ District, NZ

1 The world’s Australia’s most A wildlife habitat A breeding and largest seagrass popular natural in Southern New rehabilitation beds host 10,000 wildlife attraction, Zealand. Offers center for kiwis un- Dugongs and raises approx. walking tours and dertaking scientific 1.8 billion travellers turtles and $6.3 million in ad- animal observati- research, sharing generates an missions annually. on of Yellow-eyed knowledge on with an annual growth average turnover Hosting the Koala Penguins, Royal guided tours and of 20-34% which is of Aus$176 Conservation Albatrosses and reintroducing ani- 15 million per year. Center. Sea Lions. mals to the wild. 3x faster than general 12 14 tourism 13

An estimated 16 4

1 Kenai Penin- 2 Cave Creek Can- 12 M sula, Alaska, US yon, Arizona, US trips for wildlife tourism take place every year 17 Over 400 species Cave Creek Canyon of birds such as in the Chiricahua 2 shorebirds can Mountains offers The destination of about 23 be watched on birdwatching every second wildlife 24 seashores, lakes year-round. 375 5 and rivers. Whale species of birds watching trip is an African watching cruises can be observed, 6 8 country 25 offer sightings of including hawks 26 Gray and Hump- and Golden Eagles. back Whales. 7 18 3 Wood Buffalo 4 Nova Scotia, 9 National Park, CA CA 19

This world’s Cape Breton and second largest the nearby islands A national park was provide habitat for C I established to thousands of nes- R A paper by UNWTO found a 27 protect the largest ting seabirds. Sea F and last remaining kayaking tours 21 total of 14 countries A 20 free roaming herd allow sightings of are generating an estimated of Wood Bison. Grey and Harbor Seals and also of Pilot Whales. US$ 142 MILLION in entrance fees for 10 protected areas 28 5 Caño Negro 6 Limón Province 7 Galapagos Wildlife Refuge, CR CR Islands, EC

These important The province is The UNESCO Wildlife tourism, which wetlands shelter involved in wildlife World Heritage can include ecotourism, is a wide variety rehabilitation pro- Site provides Bahamas worth: of unique and grammes. It hosts habitat for Sei growing at a rate of US$ 800 MILLION/year 31 endangered a center which Whales, Leather- 22 wildlife species, takes care of inju- back Turtles, Boo- over the past 20 years including seabirds red animals before bies, Galapagos such as the Jabiru releasing them and Penguins, Waved Canary Islands worth: and reptiles such offers educative Albatrosses and 22 as Caimans. guided tours. flamingos. US$ 22 MILLION/year 30

Palau worth: 8 Amazon 9 Anavilhanas 10 Madre de 11 Torres del Paine US$ 18 MILLION/year Rainforest, GY National Park, BR Dios, PE Park, CL 29

The rainforest The river archipel- Ecotourism in the The park consists Fiji worth: offers trekking ago is a sanctuary region has led to of diverse vege- 11 $ 42.2 MILLION/year with a local for the Amazon high indigenous tation, providing guide, mountain River Dolphin community en- a habitat for a climbing or a visit and Amazonian gagement, preser- large number of In 2008, an estimated Maldives worth: to the indigenous Manatees, which ving traditions and wildlife, such as 13 million people went US$ 38.6 MILLION/year communities. visitors can enjoy wildlife such as the Puma and whale watching in over 119 Guyana is home to with boat trips. tapirs, monkeys, about 106 species hundreds of bird turtles, jaguars of birds. % ANNUALLY countries generating about Thailand worth: species. and bird species. $2 billion in revenue. US$ 110 MILLION/year

86 Their Future is Our Future 87 Marathon People &AnimalsIV: Flyways journeys

Photo by Jonathan Harrod/Minden Pictures/Getty Images Alaska New Zealand arctic regions ding grounds in connect bree world typically of theavian Vast journeys - flyways onthis identified eight Research has tropical areas. ing sites in with non-breed- Flyway. Australasian East Asian- which the axis, among north-south

New Zealand to Alas from km 30,000 almost tailed travelling Godwit, Some, such as the Bar- (EAAF). Flyway ralasian the Asian-Aust East through journeys thon mara their undertake waterbirds migratory year, million 50 Every MILLINGTON BY SPIKE the Yellow of Sea China of areas intertidal sive incase the once exten the especially is This sites. fragmented and degraded increasingly of number declining a on dependent birds the leaving mudflats, and marshes coastal the of many replaced have complexes trial and induscities, ports few decades ago. New a only with compared today different very bythesered birds look encounte landscapes ka and back. Yet the Their Future isOurFuture 89 ------People & Animals IV: Flyways

just the interconnectedness of nature and Syrian Serin and the River Otter. The for- on the promotion and management of people, but also of the need for individu- mer was heavily hunted in the region and ecotourism as well as educational activi- als, communities and countries to work when it was discovered that the endangered ties in the village, in addition to clean-up together to protect migratory species. For River Otter also resided in the wetlands, it campaigns for the rivers and wetlands, the

Asian-Australasian migratory waterbirds, we need to iden- was considered doubly necessary to protect conservation of the mountains through Flyway tify the areas where populations are most the site. The major threats to species in the regular maintenance and reforestation vulnerable and cooperate to address chal- region come from hunting, drought, loss campaigns, and supporting the monito- lenges and identify opportunities to im- of habitat, pollution of water resources and ring of wildlife species. prove benefits, for both birds and people. over extraction of these resources. Hence Predictably, there was major oppositi- The EAAF Partnership brings together a strong reason why SPNL aids the com- on to the conservation programme from 35 governmental, inter-governmental munities is to conserve the Anjar springs, hunters and grazers, as well as farmers. and non-governmental organizations to rivers and underground wells. However, SNPL managed to involve op- The East Asian- and the Korean peninsula. conserve migratory waterbirds and their Over the last three years, there has posing communities in participatory plan- Lebanon Australasian Flyway The Philippines lies at the heart of the habitats. The CMS Secretariat is a found- been a great effort to make the commu- ning meetings, provided job opportunities is travelled by over Kfar Zabad 50 million waterbirds. Flyway. Endangered Far Eastern Curlews ing Partner and jointly we have a strong nities more autonomous. SPNL has star- under implemented projects and created a Expanding infrastruc- and Great Knots from Australia rest on cooperation in initiatives such as World ted to invest in several projects to raise zonation plan. Indeed, the communities ture threatens birds The Hima Anjar and their habitats. the sandflats of Cebu’s Olango Island, on Migratory Bird Day each May. COP12 the capacities of the youth group, Homat have been successful in the conservation of Zabad Wetlands are their northward journey. Other important represents an exciting opportunity and Al-Hima, with the hope that the group species in their region, as can be seen in one of the remaining stopover habitats for wetlands throughout the country support significant step forward in promoting in- will be able to lead the management of the the increasing population of Syrian Serin migratory Waterbirds thousands of migrating waterbirds and ternational collaboration, and accordingly Hima sites and associated activities. Ac- from less than thirty pairs in 2012 to over travelling the African- the remote Tubbataha Reef is a refuge for I wish it every success. cordingly, the youth are currently leading one hundred and forty pairs in 2016. Eurasian Flyway. large colonies of terns and boobies. As the Philippines prepares to host the 12th COP to the Convention on Migratory Species, the challenges and opportunities to protect and manage migratory waterbirds and their habitats will be brought into focus. Coastal wetlands, such as those around Conservation Manila Bay, face huge pressures for development and freshwater marshes are of Hima Anjar threatened by drainage and agriculture. Yet, the Philippines recently desig- Zabad Wetlands nated the Negros Occidental Coastal Wetlands Conservation Area as a Ramsar and EAAF Partnership Flyway Network The Conservation ofHima Anjar-Kfar Site, reinforcing its commitment to pro- Zabad Wetlands through community tecting vital habitat for migratory water- participation is a project in both the An- birds. Protection of migratory waterbirds jar community on the eastern side of the depends on international cooperation: Anti-Lebanon Mountains and the Kfar these waterbirds represent a shared natural Zabad community living along the An- heritage with the other 22 countries of the ti-Lebanon Mountains from west to east, Flyway. “Bottlenecks”, or stopover areas, surrounding an agricultural valley. The are critical, as huge numbers of migratory two agricultural groups make up approxi- waterbirds depend on them. The intertidal mately 13,000 inhabitants who earn their zone of the Yellow Sea is the most import- living by farming, making handcrafts, and ant of these. Encouragingly, recognition of doing part time manual labour. The region its importance has led both the Republic of in which they live possesses one of the re- Korea and China to propose the designa- maining wetlands on the African-Eurasi- tion of intertidal areas as World Heritage an flyways for waterbirds. Sites, which the Wadden Sea had already The Society for the Protection of Nature achieved, acting as similar refuge on the in Lebanon (SPNL) supports both these East Atlantic Flyway. communities to implement the Hima ma- The theme ofCOP12 – Their Future is nagement plan which works to conserve Our Future – is a timely reminder of not globally endangered species, such as the by Asaad Saleh Photo

90 Their Future is Our Future 91 About CMS & the COP

Seven Agreements • Manatee and Small Cetaceans of EVERYTHING YOU NEED Western Africa and Macaronesia • Gorillas and their Habitats • Dugongs and their Habitats throughout • Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) their Range TO KNOW ABOUT CMS • Cetaceans of the Black Seas, • Mediterranean Monk Seal Mediterranean and Contiguous • Southern South American Migratory AND THE COP Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) Grassland Bird Species and their • African-Eurasian Migratory Habitats Waterbirds (AEWA) • Ruddy-headed Goose • Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North • Cetaceans and their Habitats in the East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas Pacific Islands Region (ASCOBANS) • Saiga Antelope • Populations of European Bats • West African Populations of the African (EUROBATS) Elephant • Seals in the Wadden Sea • Aquatic Warbler • Bukhara Deer 19 Memoranda of Understanding • Marine Turtles and their Habitats of the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia • Southern Huemul • Middle-European Population of the The Conference of the Parties (COP) is Factoids • Migratory Sharks Great Bustard the principal decision-making body of the • High Andean Flamingos and their • Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Convention as set out in Article VII of Habitats Africa the CMS text. TheCOP meets once every • Migratory Birds of Prey in • Slender-billed Curlew three years, and sets the budget and prio- • Credentials: Delegates from Parties Africa and Eurasia • Siberian Crane rities of the following three years (the tri- must be properly accredited by their Go- ennium). It also decides on amendments vernments and require “credentials” con- of the Appendices and considers reports firming that the delegate can represent the submitted by the Parties, the Scientific country at the COP and participate in the Council and the Agreements established discussions and when necessary vote. MEMBER STATES under the Convention. • Bureau: A group of officers of the Con- Between sessions of the COP, the ference (the Chair, Vice-Chair, the Stan- Convention is overseen by the Standing ding Committee and the Secretariat) Committee, which is made up of regional is responsible for guiding the meeting representatives elected at the COP from smoothly through the agenda. among the Parties, the hosts of the next • Committee of the Whole: While it is and previous COPs and Germany, which the Plenary that makes the decisions (e.g. is both the Depositary country and host elects the Conference officers and adopts of the Secretariat. the resolutions), most of the detailed dis- Parties are entitled to attend the Confe- cussion takes place in the “Committee of rence and vote. Non-Party States are entit- the Whole” (COW). led to send observers, as are NGOs active in • Resolutions and Decisions: Sin- the field of conservation and other United ce COP1 in 1985, Parties have adop- Nations organizations. ted 150 Resolutions and 37 Recom- There were approximately 50 delegates mendations detailing agreed policies at the firstCOP in 1985 representing all on a wide range of issues from budgets 19 of the Parties at that time. Attendance to conservation activities. COP12 will has grown steadily since then and COP now adopt Decisions for the first time. attracts around one thousand delegates and • Amendments to the Appendices: observers representing non-Party States, Parties have also agreed to 300 amend- United Nations agencies, Secretariats of ments to the species listed on the Con- Agreements established under the Conven- vention’s two Appendices. So far, all the CMS Parties tion, conservation NGOs, other interna- amendments have added species or popu- Countries participating in CMS tional agencies active in the field of conser- lations to the Appendices; none has yet Agreements/MOUs Non-CMS Parties vation and sustainable use and the media. been removed.

92 Their Future is Our Future 93 94 cal range. of 91%theirhistori have beendriven out survival. Butcheetahs connected habitat for require vast areas of These large carnivores Essay bySueLieberman for MigratorySpecies The Only Show - that will benefit wildlife and wild places. places. wild and wildlife benefit will that commitments and policies international influence and governments between ons discussi to international countries, 60 over in years 100 up over built expertise, policy and technical, scientific, Society’s Society Society of mission The WCS ty of life on Earth. on Earth. of life ty integri and diversity the from benefit and embrace that societies all by valued seas, and lands healthy in thriving sion wildlife We people. envi inspiring and education, action, conservation science, through ly licy at licy As Vice President for International Po for Vice International President As works on the conservation of many of many conservation on the works WCS (WCS) , my job is to contribute the the to contribute is , my job is to save wildlife global wildlife to save is the Wildlife Conservation Conservation Wildlife the in Town - - - - - tal policy. tal intergovernmen and trade wildlife with experience extensive Has years. 25 than more for conservation biodiversity in worked has WCS with Policy national SUE LIEBERMAN cies. Many would like to see to see like would Many cies. spe migratory to these exclusively devoted exciting week! an be will It communities. local benefit can conservation wildlife how and wildlife, benefit can for people lives improved ing how deliver discussing communities, with work our sharing issues, on many pertise ex and technical scientific our sharing particularly imperil migratory animals. animals. migratory imperil particularly can infrastructure and extraction, gas and oil deterioration, and destruction habitat over-exploitation, trade, illegal and ching poa change, Climate threats. mulative of cu amyriad by threatened are species moreand everyone’s future. importantly, without the human dimension. human the without ver succeed, nor succeed conservation can ne will habitats their and of species vation conser without development Sustainable communities. indigenous and ment of local develop sustainable and well-being the species. migratory for town in show only it’s it the But is, as priorities. conservation for funding greater and measures, compliance with hened, future at future our and history our is wildlife Saving na. Savan African of the species and rays; and sharks turtles; marine cheetah; dolphins; CMS CMS priority for us at for us priority a are issues of the many and full, is nila In a rapidly changing world, wildlife wildlife world, changing rapidly a In The agenda for the for agenda The to linked inextricably is Conservation is the only international agreement agreement international only the is -listed species, including: whales and WCS WCS – as it is also it also is – as , Ph.D., Vice President, Inter President, Vice , Ph.D., WCS . I look forward to forward . Ilook CMS COP CMS CMS CMS ’s history history ’s strengt in Ma in ------

Photo by Westend61/Getty Images

Where arethey and Program Officer. Affairs CanadaasaPolicy at IndigenousandNorthern work for theGovernment move backto Canadato the UNUniversity but will Now, sheisaresearcher at a MAinHumanRights. finished herBA inIRand After herinternship, Ellie MA HumanRights BA International Relations, CA Ellie Waters, Nepal. napurna Landscape of Vultures intheChitwan-An- topic focusses onOld World research anddissertation York. Currently hermain fellowship inBiology inNew Unit, Ashbeganadoctoral hip withtheAvian Species Having finishedherinterns- Pursuing aPhDinBiology IN Aishwarya Bhattacharjee, ting theexpeditions. ship inGalápagosdocumen Geographic Islandercruise Expeditions ontheNational chronicler withLindblad Julio worked asavideo Following hisinternship, Cultural Anthropology BA History, MSc.Socialand EC, ES,US Rodríguez Stimson, Julio Ignacio with theSecretariat inBonn.Here are someoftheirstories … interns to findoutwhatthey are doing,how theircareers are progressing andwhatmemoriesthey have retained ofthetimespent army ofinterns thathave worked attheSecretariat contributing somuchto theConvention. We have contacted anumberofformer With thetheme 05–08 01–04 01–03 2013 2015 2017 oftheConference beingthefuture, itseemedappropriate to focus onthenext generation and,inparticular, onthe

- foundation inStuttgart. as consultant for aGerman wards, shewas employed European Studies.After Politics, Sarah didaMAin in Romance Languageand In additionto herBachelor’s Studies MA European DE Sarah Hepp, legislation. on critical animalprotection helps to educate lawmakers Animals (ASPCA) where he the Prevention ofCrueltyto at theAmerican Societyfor for WCS. Rightnow, heis CMS andstarted working Master’s after interning for Geoff completed his MA PublicPolicy US Geoff Horsfield, English atGinlingCollege. to Nanjing, China,andteach from herUniversity to move has accepted afellowship finish afterwards. Now she dies whichshewent onto & AEWA duringherBA stu- Communication UnitofCMS She interned for theJoint tion, USA History &Classical Civiliza- US Catherine Johnson, 05–08 06–09 07–10 2012 2015 2016 -

now? ban designandillustration. lancer ingraphic design,ur Additionally, heisafree- bourhood development. tion for sustainable neigh- Räume inBonn,afounda- Montag StiftungUrbane Martin isnow working at Urbanism MSc Sustainable AT Martin Bangratz, IN Nayantara Ganesh, consultancy. China's sustainability Associate Consultant in to CMS, Chenxuan became in China’s accession process Unit inwhichheassisted hip attheCapacityBuilding After his 5months’ interns- Sustainable Development International Studies& CN Chenxuan Jia, illegal trade intimber. Lawson, leading expert on which was setupbySam an NGOcalled Earthsight, works asaresearcher for a consultant. Currently, she she joinedGreenpeace as After herinternship atCMS, Law, UK LLM inEnvironmental 12/14 – 12/14 07–12 10–12 03/15 2010 2015

- reef ecology. land, researching coral at theUniversity of Queens- a PhDinBiological Sciences D.C. Currently, sheisdoing Conservation ofNature in International Unionfor Program Officer atthe before shebecame Marine Vivian interned withCMS Biodiversity, HongKong Mphil Ecology & CN Vivian LamYan Yan, Agency. an Economic Development public affairs managerat working inBeijingas Team. Currently, sheis the CMS’Communications Mengdi interned with At theendofherMaster’s, MA Global Studies CN Mengdi Wang, law degree. he decidedto pursue a national Relations, After his Bachelor’s inInter and Outreach Team atCMS. with theCommunication Lukas stayed for 6months Relations BA International DE Lukas Bickhove, 05–08 01–04 03–08 2010 2014 2015

Their Future isOurFuture - DE Kirstin Ulrichs, Energy Company. ment for aGermanWind CMS untilgainingemploy- ked asaconsultant for Science Unit,shealsowor After interning inthe Germany MSc Environmental Science, MSc Agriculture, Denmark& DE Melanie Klussmann, on International Affairs. currently HeadoftheDivisi- Nuclear Safety, where sheis Nature Conservation and nistry for theEnvironment, at theGermanFederal Mi- she launchedhercareer after herinternship, until another year asconsultant Melanie stayed withCMSfor Science inBerlin Studied Political exam to jointheUNagain. preparing for theYPP interning atUbisoftand There, heiscurrently degree inFrance. before finishinghisMA He interned for AEWA Development inParis and Sustainable International Affairs FR/US Brendan Shepard, Former Interns 11/13 – 11/13 05–07 10–12 01/14 2006 2015

95 - Fun Facts SURPRISING FACTS The GIRAFFE The

… is the tallest mammal, EUROPEAN reaching up to 5.5m. Humans are only as tall as its legs! EEL

… has a rough start in life by … does not take its travel lightly. falling from a height of 1.5m as It even gets bigger eyes and a giraffes give birth standing up. silvery skin for its long journey.

… never gets blood rushing to its head while drinking as the … does not feed during its blood is prevented from rushing journey, surviving only on energy to its head thanks to an adapted reserves. What a tough diet! cardiovascular system. The … is an ambitious fellow. Once hatched, the eel larvae begin … is also called Camelopardalis their long way back to Europe, which means “camel in the which can take up to three years. leopard‘s coat” in Ancient Greek. SPERM The A fitting name! … is called “glass eel” as a new- WHITEBACKED WHALE born. It is so transparent that you can read a newspaper through it. VULTURE … weights 35 to 45 tons. Its head alone accounts for 1/3 of its size. … has a bald head for thermore- gulation. It is not, as originally … has wax-like substance in its presumed, for hygienic purposes. head, possibly related to buoyan- cy or echolocation. … is threatened by poisoning. In … is a gourmet eater, indulging in India and Pakistan, a devastating its preferred food: giant squid. It number of vultures died after can eat up to a ton per day! feeding on carcasses of animals treated with diclofenac, poiso- nous to vultures. … in Herman Melville‘s novel Moby Dick was an albino! … has a feeding hierarchy with other vultures. The largest species of vulture will feed first as it can tear through the toughest parts.

… prefers its meat fresh! It has a remarkable tolerance to micro- organisms, thanks in part to a very strong digestive acid.

96 Illustration by SoYeon Kim 97 Puzzles Contributors ACROSTIC Contributors IMPRINT

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Publisher UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 15 26 21 53113 Bonn, Germany Responsible for B Publication FLORIAN KEIL 22 3 23 18 20 8 4 8 20 5 23 17 6 4 20 22 12 3 17 15 20 22 17 22 Coordination ALEXANDRA VAN HOEK MATT WILLEY VALERO DOVAL CRISTÓBAL SCHMAL DUNIA SFORZIN C is the art director of uses vintage imagery, is a Chilean illust- Editor ROBERT VAGG The New York Times nature and delicate rator telling stories Assistant Editors IRYNA DUBEY 26 17 6 6 24 22 12 21 23 17 14 12 24 18 23 19 9 12 22 17 6 4 Magazine. He is handwork to produce with images that are LARISA HLADIUC co-founder of Port collages full of rich comfortable, funny CHIARA KOLZ Magazine (2011) and narrative for editorial and strange all at PIA RICCA 18 23 18 20 8 8 Avaunt Magazine commissions, instal- once. After working HARRIET TABERNER (2015) and was elected lations and personal as an Art Director for Publishing Company TERRITORY ‘Designer of the Year’ work. He has been studios and advertising Content to Results GmbH, by Creative Review and commissioned by The agencies in Barcelona, Bei den Mühren 1, member of the Alliance New York Times, Le he decided to move 20457 Hamburg, Graphique Internatio- Monde, Kenzo and Tim- to Berlin 2008 where Germany nale (AGI). Matt lives in berland and exhibited he now works across +8 Managing Director SOHEIL DASTYARI, Brooklyn with his wife across Europe, USA, Editorial, Books, Cover SANDRA HARZER-KUX CROSSWORD and two children. Australia and Canada. Art and Advertising. Publishing Manager MELANIE JONAS Consultant SEBASTIAN HANDKE Art Director JOSEPHINE VOGT +4 +12 Photo Editor VANESSA ZEEH 01. CMS is also known Typography TIMMONS NY, MFred Rounded as? 02. Chelonia my- +3 5 by MATT WILLEY das is better know Typesetting MWW Medien GmbH, as? 03. CMS aims to Sperberhorst 6, SOYEON KIM BERTO MARTINEZ conserve which kinds +6 TRINE SKRAASTAD 22459 Hamburg, of species? 04. Acin- Seoul born Graphic De- is a versatile illustrator is a picture editor Germany +2 +5 onyx jubatus is better signer and Illustrator. born in Barcelona based in Berlin. She Printing PHOENIX DESIGN AID A/S known as? 05. The Since 2015 she is part in 1973. He strives works for renowned Østergade 19, 1 of the design team at to find the cohesion 10th of May is the…? +15 publishing companies 8900 Randers C, 6 Munich-based agency between text and and agencies, including Denmark 06. Land degradati- Herburg Weiland. In illustration through the development and Funding FEDERAL MINISTRY FOR THE on of dry areas can close collaboration realistic figuration and relaunch of magazines. ENVIRONMENT, NATURE lead to? 07. It's one +1 with Tom Ising and psychological portrait, She brings together CONSERVATION, BUILDING of the smallest mari- Marc Ritter she has creating images young and reputable AND NUCLEAR SAFETY (BMUB) ne mammals 08. The illustrated the book that tell a story. He talents for editorial as- +9 Size Matters – a fact- works usually for The signments and teaches *No part of this magazine may be 2nd of June is the…? bound and tongue-in- Volkskrant, L´Optimum, seminars at Hyperwerk reprinted without the express permission of the UNEP/CMS Secretariat 09. Which bird fea- 4 cheek book about size Amnesty International Institute for Postindust- tures in the title of a +16 comparison. and others. rial Design in Basel. Tchaikovsky ballet? +14 10. A critically endangered antelope 11.

What is the generic +11 term for whales, dol- +10 phins and porpoises? 12. What do you call +7 the Agreement on the 2 ÉRICO HILLER SEBASTIAN THE CALIFORNIA Conservation of Po- is a Brazilian docu- KENNERKNECHT ACADEMY OF SCIENCE pulations of European +13 mental photographer is a photographer fo- the renowned scientific Bats? 13. What does 3 7 since 2003. His career cused on wild cats and and educational insti- MOUs stand for? 14. has led him to publish imperiled species. He tution in San Francis- several photographic works with conserva- co’s Golden Gate Park Panthera leo is bet- projects which became tion organizations and is the only place in ter known as? 15. The books and exhibitions, magazines to increase the world to house an world's largest extant The Journey of the the awareness of aquarium, planetari- fish 16. Short form Rhinoceros is the result endangered species. um, and natural history for Agreement on the of a huge endeavor un- Using digital SLR ca- museum, as well as dertaken by the photo- mera traps and conven- innovative programs in Conservation of Small grapher over two years tional techniques, he scientific research and Cetaceans of the Bal- in several countries in also works closely with education—all under tic and North Seas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Asia and Africa. in-the-field biologists. one living roof.

*The solutions will be published on the CMS website www.cms.int 98 Their Future is Our Future 99 Work with WDC. Help us achieve our vision: Sharks: Not Like Other Fish A world where every whale and dolphin is safe and free. For information about our work, and on cetacean issues at CMS please contact: Sharks are slow-growing and have relatively few young. [email protected] Blue sharks have four to 75 pups at a time, compared with the 1.5 million eggs a mackerel lays at once. Website: whales.org

Harming marine wildlife profoundly impacts our environment. Our own well-being is bound to that of whales and dolphins.

WDC will be working at CMS on a range of issues: Dusky sharks have as few as two pups every three years— a reproductive cycle similar to sperm whales’, which have one } “Aquatic Wild Meat:” Unregulated, unreported hunts calf every five years. are killing tens of thousands of dolphins every year. Sharks’ life histories are similar to those of whales, and sharks } Supporting the work of CMS to end the live capture of should be managed in a comparable way. cetaceans from the wild for commercial purposes. } Swim-with dolphin programmes: We need to protect CMS listings, such as those already afforded to many marine dolphins and people from this harmful practice. mammals, are an excellent first step toward proper management. } The culture of whales and dolphins, and how this impacts our 21st Century conservation models.

Photo © Andrew Sutton pewsharks.org BY 102 and winning! Fighting theGoodFight, Good News Robert Vagg Robert that there was a time when no-one was was no-one when atime was there that “You forget said she Welle, Deutsche on, Antelope. Saiga of the conservation the in set-backs and of progress ride ter roller-coas the experienced has She logy. of Zoo Department University’s Oxford at of Biodiversity Professor ner-Gulland, J. Mil E. Professor 2017 was April in held Summit” Optimism “Conservation worthwhile. are species migratory endangered world to protect the across undertaken efforts the all that proving to report news good is there when loss. and itat degradation hab and pollution, plastic and light noise, change, climate bycatch, of birds, hunting illegal of elephants, –poaching too lenges chal other facing – are to protect it seeks Antelopes. Saiga of die-off on 2015’s mass report the was attention media most attracting website CMS the on highlighted story the years, few past the over looking indeed, And does. news bad that way same the in headlines matic for dra not make does news good say also say “no They that numbers of the Ganges River Dol River Ganges of the numbers that to suggest evidence is there California, of Gulf the Vaquitas in remaining few the save to made being are efforts ditch gone.” have we how far ourselves to remind have we so Goals, Development Sustainable the as thing no such was there sustainability, their how to improve about to businesses not talk did we when time a was there conservation, about talking To counterbalance the news that last- that news the To counterbalance stati world radio to German Speaking first the behind people of the One change encouraging an It therefore is species the –and Convention the And news is good news”; but they but news”; they good is news ------local fishermen diversify into tourism ac into tourism diversify fishermen local to help and now plan species the fishing on ban Ecuador’s neighbour to replicate Government the persuaded Ray.ta They Man Giant the save to in Peru efforts led have Océano, Planeta in colleagues her off. paying be well may river the in of pollution level the reduce to efforts and recovering are phin birds were killed in 2013. in killed were birds MOU, of Prey no Birds CMS the from support with campaign ment educational Govern- Indian an to Thanks of protein. ce sour acheap as India, Nagaland, in killed toUp 140,000 today). 1989 in to 880 620 (from rising been have Gorillas Mountain of populations settlements, human aching unrest Despite civil since. recorded todue poaching deaths 2017 –no elephant February in ted anti-poaching new The Oryx. Scimitar-horned for the underway also is initiative similar –a populations captive-bred from duced re-intro successfully now being 1970s –is Oryx Arabian The years. 25 past populations Manatee on one’s accomplishments. building on is to carry incentives best one of the ayear. of dollars millions worth is watching Ray –Manta tivities Rolex laureate, Kirsten Forsberg and and Forsberg Kirsten laureate, Rolex “Nothing succeeds like success” – and succeeds like “Nothing Amur Falcons used to be used Falcons Amur – extinct in the wild in wild the in –extinct , poaching and encro and , poaching up 500% over the the over up 500% unit in Mali star Mali in unit ------

Photo by Max Taylor/Gallery Stock SPINAS CIVIL VOICES LOUD. LOUDER. LIFELESS. campaign worldbyjoining the us Help life. marine harming is noise treme ex fleeing: turtles sea collapsing, fish of shoals stranding, Whales Get involved involved Get now at silenatnow toceans.org. wide wide -