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A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017

http://www.inlandseas.org/event/nautical- This Issue archaeology-workshop-2/ General Meeting Minutes p. 1 Calendar p. 1 4. Clothing embroidery is $9.50 per item for our Executive Meeting Highlights p. 2 3 color logo. We have 11 items but need 12, Dive Reports p. 2 so bring your clothing in soon! From the Prez p. 5. 2016 Club membership dues are $30.00, Environmental News p. 3 $40 for husband/wife. 2016 Ohio Council dues Log Book p. 6 Parting Shots p. 11 are $9.00. 6. Please contact Laurel Sheppard and Dave General Meeting Minutes Foley with any program ideas for 2017. Present: Steve Ranft, Mag Ranft, Glenn 7. Please contact Ryan Jones and Steve Mitchell, Ryan Jones, Laurel Sheppard, Dave Locsey with any activities and dive ideas for Foley, Marty Bailey, Don Ellerbrock, Adam 2017. Biehl, John Guegold, Steve Locsey, Andrea 8. Club logo patches and decals are available Caito, George Bittner to new club members as a part of their membership dues. Returning members can Program – “Grenada Diving” Presented by purchase extra decals/stickers at a cost of Dave Foley $1.00 each—these are plastic/waterproof--and extra patches for $2.00 each while they last. 50/50 Raffle winner Dues can be mailed to: Mag Ranft won and donated the wings back to Glenn Mitchell the club 120 N. Warren Ave. Columbus, OH 43204

9. Facebook: You can find the Club Facebook Member Raffle page by going to: http://en- Donn Ellerbrock won a Sea Life 5 Megapixel gb.facebook.com/pages/Columbus-Sea-Nags-SCUBA- Underwater camera donated by Laurel Divers-/289276535926?v=wall, thanks to Andy Sheppard Dennis. 10. Twitter page!! Thanks to Josh Carney, Treasurer’s Report the club now has a Twitter page: $ 6,679.86 <@CbusSeaNags>. Check it out today!

Announcements Calendar of Upcoming Events 1. 2017 marks 60th Anniversary of the 2017 th Apr Columbus Sea Nags. Steak Dinner July 29 at 6 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Marty the Ranft residence. Free to club members Bailey’s Malta trip and $15 per person for non club members. 20 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM 22 – 24 Bonne Terre Mine, Bonne Terre, MO 2. Ryan Jones and Steve Locsey Dive Trip to May Bonne Terre Mine in MO. April 22-24. If 4 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Underwater interested, contact Ryan or Steve. Photography by Mark Thomas 18 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM 3. 2017 Ohio 21 Club Dive at Lake View RV Park, Lancaster Ohio Workshop: Classroom instruction and hands- June on practice will be April 29-30. In-water 1 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Dive trip practice will be May 20 or 21. 10 Dive In at Circleville

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15 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM July Dive Reports 6 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: No Program Please send dive reports to Only a social meeting 8 – 9 3rd Annual Club Dive Weekend at White Star Quarry

20 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM 29 Sea Nags 60th Anniversary Celebration Brought to you by Aug Lakeview RV Park 3 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Dave Foleys Full Hook-ups • • Propane St Croix trip 12 Corn Roast/Swap Meet Laundry• Swimming• Fishing• Wi-Fi 17 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM (740) 653-4519 18 – 21 Club Dive at Pennyroyal Quarry Hopkinsville, KY Joey & Terrie Stewart Sept 2715 Sugar Grove Rd. Fax (740) 653-5606 7 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Great Lakes Lancaster, OH 43130 rvatlakeview.com Acoustic Telemetry Observation System 21 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM Spasms Oct 5 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Pennyroyal None reported Revisited Oral Reports 19 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM None reported Nov 2 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: Sea Hunt Written Reports episode Cocos Island trip by Rob Robison 16 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM The article can be found Dec 7 General Meeting @ Planks, 8:00 PM Program: TBD https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5DXC4m8 21 Executive Meeting @ Planks, 7:00 PM xbK9cWtvQ0lYOGpFcVE& starts on page 2.

Monthly meeting programs subject to change without notice. Camping and Diving in Key Largo By Steve Locsey, March 26, 2017 While there, I had the opportunity to attend a Executive Meeting Highlights most intriguing presentation at the History of Diving Museum in Islamorada. I planned on March 16 @ Planks, 7:00 PM Present: N/A making this a repeat of last year by diving five

consecutive days for four one hour dives a day. Executive meeting was canceled All I needed was the weather to cooperate with

winds under 15 knots and no thunderstorms, All members are welcome to attend which indeed happened. I was lucky again. But Executive Meetings my real luck was that the second night there, I received an email from the History of Diving Museum inviting me to a free presentation in the new library, "NEEMO 21 Mission: Going Undersea to get to Outer Space". Then I remembered that I've gotten about 4 of these invitations already, always leaving me with the letdown of not being able to go, since Columbus is so far from there. I instantly knew this was a solid "yes" for Wednesday night after diving! I later was told that these are monthly on the third Wednesday at 7PM. It was S’NAG-A-NEWS Page 2 A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017 going to be a very tight fit with getting off the at Horizon Divers around 5PM, rinsing gear, getting showered up and driving the 22 miles on US-1 down to mile marker 83. I pulled into the museum parking lot that night at 5 minutes after seven. The library seating was almost full, and the presenter, Dawn Kernagis, had begun speaking already. Really quickly, I felt this was a very special presentation. Dawn works as a research scientist in the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition in Pensacola, Florida, was inducted into the Women Divers Hall of Fame last year, has been diving since she was fifteen, and has a PhD from Duke Inside Aquarius, Dawn 2nd from left University that included researching the role that genetics play in sickness in divers. This woman gave a presentation with such enthusiasm. The content and fluidity of Environmental News her presentation over the next hour and a half 2 Will Be Completed to Honor Rob really kept the whole library of attendees Stewart By Shelley Collett, Feb 13, 2017 focused and entertained, especially with the wonderful slide show she had! NEEMO is a NASA mission that sends groups of astronauts, engineers and scientists to live in Aquarius, the world's only undersea research station. She had the opportunity to join NEEMO as both a crew member and a researcher, living underwater for 8 days with 5 other crew members. This included astronauts from the space shuttle and the International Space Station. Aquarius had them at 65 fsw, where they reached saturation gas levels very quickly Cover from Sharkwater when the club watched it at the June and needed about twelve hours of Dive-In 2016. decompression at the end. The best way you can get a feel for the exciting presentation I On Rob Stewart’s final dives, he was filming for the saw is to tune in to You Tube and to Google sequel to his award-winning Sharkwater movie. The using Dawn Kernagis and/or NEEMO. I as-yet unfinished film, Sharkwater: Extinction, was recommend it, it's very interesting, indeed! close to being complete. Rob’s parents, Brian and Sandy Stewart, will ensure the film’s completion to honor their son’s tireless conservation work.

Since its release in 2006, Sharkwater has received over 50 awards across the world. It earned Rob world-wide acclaim, both as a filmmaker and

S’NAG-A-NEWS Page 3 A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017 conservationist. It also led more than 80 countries to though the may represent a unique marine enact shark-finning bans. Stopping the decimation biome, oil giants Total and BP have initiated plans of shark populations due to was a for exploratory drilling in the area. cause near and dear to Rob’s heart. What makes the Amazon reef special? The Stewart Family Statement Although reef conservation is always important, this “The outpouring of love, support, encouragement reef is particularly deserving because of the unique and prayers we’ve received from across the globe conditions under which it exists. Most corals since Rob went missing continues to be depend on ample sunlight and consistent salinity overwhelming. We’d like to reiterate our profound levels. The Amazon reef, however, thrives at the appreciation and respect for the U.S. Coast Guard, confluence of a freshwater river and the saline the three levels of Canadian political officials who Atlantic Ocean. Sunlight is scarce because of the offered their assistance, and all of the many corals’ depth and the high levels of sediment carried professionals and selfless volunteers who out to sea by the Amazon River. But despite all the committed their time and resources in trying to odds, this fascinating reef supports at least 73 bring our son and brother home safely.” different species of fish. There are also as uncounted numbers of corals, sponges and “Our hearts are broken. While we are overcome invertebrates. with grief, we know in our hearts that Rob is at peace and that he would want us to continue his Researchers discovered the reef in 2012 when they mission to save the sharks and the oceans, and to visited Brazil to research the Amazon River inspire the world to protect and nurture our planet. plume’s effect on the ocean’s ability to absorb We are committed to realizing Rob’s goals and will carbon dioxide. One of the scientists, Rodrigo not rest until the change he fought for tirelessly is Moura, decided to scout for potential reef sites at achieved.” the same time. Previous scientific papers, which recorded surprising numbers of fish caught at the river’s mouth, inspired him. The team used to Source: map the area. Using samples dredged from the http://scubadiverlife.com/sharkwater-2-will-be- seafloor, they confirmed their suspicions that a reef completed-to-honor-rob-stewart/ existed below the plume. They found corals and subtropical reef fish, confirming a reef that scientists now think covers around 3,600 square Oil Drilling Threatens Recently Discovered miles. Amazon Reef The reef under threat By Jessica Macdonald Feb. 14, 2017 Currently, scientists have mapped less than 5 In late January, the world saw the first photographs percent of the Amazon reef. “It has huge potential of a recently discovered near the mouth of for new species,” says Federal University of Pará the Amazon River. Initially found in 2012 and researcher Nils Asp. However, scientists may be officially announced in 2016, a team from running out of time to study the reef. Less than a Greenpeace first documented the Amazon reef year after its official announcement, the region is earlier this year. The organization hopes that its already at risk. Together, Total and BP own five images will help protect a discovery that’s already deep-water exploration licenses in the Amazon threatened by the specter of human greed. Even River mouth-area. Both are currently applying for

S’NAG-A-NEWS Page 4 A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017 exploratory drilling permits. Cayman Brac diver removes knife from shark If the government approves the permits, one of By James Whittaker, March 2, 2017 Total’s drilling blocks is just five miles from the Amazon reef. This puts the ecosystem at constant risk of an oil spill. Asp says a spill would “[dramatically] affect the reef, as well as the mangrove coast of the region, which is ecologically highly connected with the reef system.”

A spill in the area would also affect the Amazon River basin, home to rare species like the Amazonian manatee and the hawksbill turtle. Nevertheless, the Brazilian government is expected A screen grab from a video shot by divers shows a large knife to approve the drilling permits in a matter of weeks stuck in the nurse shark’s head at a dive site in Cayman Brack. even though the accompanying environmental risk – Image: Courtesy of Brett Johnson assessments were submitted before the paper A scuba was leading a group of announcing the reef was published. tourists on a dive off Cayman Brac when he made Protecting the reef the bizarre discovery of a shark with a kitchen knife

sticking out of its head. Greenpeace designed their recent expedition to the

Amazon reef to make the Brazilian government take Brett Johnson coolly swam down and removed the interest in the future of this exceptional discovery. knife from the shark, which appears to have The team took photographs of the reef’s deeper survived the ordeal. sections with submersibles. The organization hopes that the images will add to ongoing research The incident has sparked new concern about and lead to protective measures. The photographs, treatment of sharks, which are a protected species in shot at around 700 feet (213 m), are incredibly the Cayman Islands. clear. They showing colorful corals and inquisitive fish, including crayfish, angelfish, butterflyfish and Mr. Johnson, 30, who works for Reef Divers, said it squirrelfish. Regardless of the permits, scientific was an upsetting sight. He said he had been leading research will continue on the reef. the dive group on Snapper Reef on Monday when

he spotted the nurse shark lying in the sand. Source:

http://scubadiverlife.com/oil-drilling-threatens- “At first it looked like it was just sleeping as most recently-discovered-amazon-reef/ nurse sharks usually are, but then we noticed

something coming out of its head.

“I can’t say what happened or why it ended up

getting knifed in the head, but fortunately it came

out easy enough and the shark seems to be doing all

right. It was seen again on Wednesday swimming

around the same reef.”

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He said the incident was concerning. off the coast of Rhyl in 1880, was lost for 115 years until it was found 50ft beneath the waves. “Sharks are an important part of the ecosystem and there is no reason to kill them.” Now scuba divers from the Chester branch of the British Sub-Aqua Club, which has its national base Sharks have been protected in the Cayman Islands in Ellesmere Port , are to tell its fascinating story in since 2015 when the relevant section of the National a TV documentary. Conservation Law came into . The Resurgam, 'I will rise again' in Latin, was built Mr. Johnson believes the incident shows some on the Wirral and is to feature in a 10-part History fishermen could use a reminder of the new rules. Channel series Combat Ships, about how technology transformed naval warfare. “It would be great it all public docks and boat launches had signs posted on them reminding the Scuba diver and underwater heritage expert Chris public that it is illegal to take sharks from Cayman Holden, of the Chester Sub-Aqua Club based at the waters,” he said. City Baths, is one of two licence holders of the Resurgam, giving him responsibility for helping to Source: protect the wreck. https://www.caymancompass.com/2017/03/02/caym an-brac-diver-removes-knife-from-shark/ The 68-year-old features in the programme and said the wreck was discovered by Chester diver Keith Hurley in 1995. Log Book He explained: “Keith was investigating what a Chester divers film ghostly underwater footage fishing trawler had snagged in its nets and of world’s first steam powered By Kelly Williamss, Jan. 24, 2017 discovered it to be the wreck of the Resurgam.

“It’s believed the wreck had been pulled up by a fishing vessel and dropped in its present location or had been buried under the seabed and exposed during the excavation for a nearby pipe-line.”

The 45ft (13m) submarine was built in in 1879 and cost about £1,400, a small fortune by early Victorian standards. Steam powered and large enough to carry three sailors, it was designed to be An underwater image of the final resting place of the able to approach an enemy vessel by stealth. Resurgam, lying in waters off Rhyl (Photo: Justin Owen) In 1880, after a successful trial in the Scuba divers from Chester have captured dramatic and Egerton docks at and Birkenhead, it underwater images of world’s first steam powered set off for Portsmouth where it was to be submarine. demonstrated to the Royal Navy as the latest in Victorian naval technology. The Resurgam, which sank on its maiden voyage

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After stopping at Rhyl for modifications, she 500lb Nazi bomb detonated off ’s south continued her journey, before shipping water and coast sinking around five miles off the coast of the North By Feb 22, 2017 Wales resort.

SAC diver Justin Owen, from Chester , has now released a gallery of dramatic never-been-seen images showing divers exploring the wreck.

Amateur photographer Justin, 42, also recorded rare video footage of the wreck, which was built and test launched in Wallasey Docks, having been designed by the Reverend George Garrett, curate of Moss Side in Manchester. royalnavy.mod.uk

More than 70 years after they fell, the bombs of German Luftwaffe planes still pose a threat to modern day Britain, with members of the Royal Navy called into tackle an unexploded WWII device in Portsmouth early Wednesday.

The terror of Nazi German sorties over British cities ended after Adolf Hitler’s were defeated in Europe during World War II.

However, memories of the bloody conflict still He said: “It is great to have the opportunity to dive lurk in the 21st century, as evidenced by the on something that’s completely unique. It’s an discovery of a WWII bomb beneath the waters archaeological relic and a lot of people don’t know of Portsmouth harbor. it’s right on their doorstep. The harbor is currently being prepared for the “It’s quite a challenging dive as the site is exposed arrival of a new 65,000-ton (metric) aircraft to the and bad weather and the visibility can be carrier and the unexploded bomb was found in very poor. So it’s important to be able to record the early hours of Wednesday morning by a what is down there, so people can see it for ship dredging at the entrance to the busy port. themselves and learn more about it.” Pictures of the device posted online by the Source: Royal Navy show a rusted metal shell, http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/news/chester- identified as a German SC250 explosive. cheshire-news/chester-divers-film-ghostly- underwater-12494938 The 500lb (227kg) device would have been dropped by Luftwaffe bombers on their way over the United Kingdom between 1940 and 1944.

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According to the Royal Navy, a team of divers Invisible Crystals were dispatched to the area and the bomb was AlertDiver.com By Francois Burman, Pr. Eng, MSc brought further out to sea, off the Isle of Wight, where it was detonated safely.

Footage of the Royal Navy disposal operation shows the WWII bomb erupting beneath the waves of the English Channel.

“Portsmouth-based Southern Diving Unit 2 towed the bomb away from the harbor, lowered it to the seabed, and planted explosive charges for a controlled detonation of the device. Shortly after 11am, it was destroyed in a plume of smoke and spray,” a Royal Navy statement said.

The local port authority shut down the harbor for hours after the early morning discovery. Polymorphic crystallization inside hoses has recently emerged as a divers should be aware of.

The incident saw disruption to shipping in the Scuba equipment failure or malfunction is a area, with Condor Ferries forced to delay its relatively rare factor in diving-related accidents and service to Guernsey. fatalities. When it does occur, the most common

and hazardous malfunctions involve regulators and Source: compensator (BC) power inflators.1 https://www.rt.com/uk/378294-wwii-nazi-bomb- Thus, a recent report to DAN® of a regulator failure portsmouth/ was not necessarily surprising, but the cause in this

particular case turned out to be quite unusual.

Although involved in the incident

managed the situation very well, and no one was

harmed, an inexperienced or nervous diver might

not have been so fortunate. It was particularly

strange that although the diver's cylinder was not

empty, the gas flow had slowed and then ceased in a

way that resembled an out-of-air situation. Closer

examination of the equipment led to a puzzling

discovery: A large amount of yellow crystallized

material was blocking the inside of the braided

second-stage regulator hose. The hose had been in

use for a few years but showed no external

abnormalities or signs of deterioration.

While trying to solve the mystery, we discovered S’NAG-A-NEWS Page 8 A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017 this was not an isolated case. The same situation parts) the incidence is likely quite small. But occurred July 22, 2015, and was reported because this hazard threatens divers' air supplies, it subsequently in a blog.2 Further is of great potential interest to the dive community. reports from a hose manufacturer and at least one The challenge is determining how best to respond to equipment-servicing workshop in a popular diving this discovery. It's important to identify what divers region revealed that these were not isolated events. need to know right now as well as what Although no injuries have been reported, the precautionary maintenance guidelines and early discovery prompted a wider, global investigation, detection strategies they should implement at this which is ongoing. stage.

The standard safety recommendation regarding regulator hoses has been that they should be inspected regularly for signs of external deterioration. Disintegration or abrasion of the outer rubber coating eventually predisposes hoses to rupture during pressurization or even when in use. Rubber hoses are quite prone to this condition, which is why polymer-braided hoses were Degradation is a slow process, invisible until there is a total developed. But herein lies the problem: The outside failure. of braided hoses can appear normal, flexible and free from obvious abnormalities, while a Analysis revealed the culprit to be a form of deteriorated internal surface would be completely polymorphic crystallization — a phenomenon invisible to a cursory external inspection. associated with cyclical heating and cooling at oil- water interfaces.3 In both incidents, the crystallization seemed to be related to the molecular structure of the internal tube. The theory is that repeated cyclical heating and cooling of the hose lining promotes this form of crystallization in materials either unsuitable for this application or affected by certain chemicals or bacteria. The sun heats the hose, then the flow of gas cools down the internal surface of the hose again. This process recurs with each dive, and the crystals grow and accumulate over time. Enough crystals This open hose shows the extent of degradation. eventually form to encroach on the gas flow, or they migrate toward the second-stage regulator, resulting It would be premature to speculate that this in significant failure of the breathing device. deterioration is limited to braided hoses. Previously, hoses comprised a rubber inner hose, a single braid So far the reported incidents have been in tropical layer for reinforcement and finally a rubber outer climates with gear that is several years old. We have sealing layer. Today the rubber inner hose is not received reports of this problem with vinyl sometimes replaced with a polyurethane or nylon hoses, and given the number of braided hoses out hose (referred to as thermoplastic). The middle or there (both as original components and replacement reinforcing layer is a polymer-filament braid, and the outer layer is either a second braid — which has S’NAG-A-NEWS Page 9 A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017 the advantage of indicating when the inner hose has exhibit the same degree of flexibility. Any a leak — or a polyurethane or synthetic-rubber change in resistance while squeezing along sealing layer. the length of the hose would be a sign of a possible problem. This test is much easier to Newer second-stage hoses with a thermoplastic perform with braided hoses than with inner layer may be vulnerable to degradation. This harder, outer rubberized hoses. risk does not apply to internal layers of synthetic rubber, which appear to be impervious to this phenomenon. DAN Research would normally wish to conduct more in-depth analysis with a wider sample of defective hoses, but because this is a potential hazard to regulator function we prefer to err on the side of caution and report this phenomenon now.

What does DAN recommend? DAN has contacted manufacturers of outer braided hoses to assess possible causes and precautionary measures, and we feel it is important to advise Replace old hoses, limit hoses’ exposure to high , divers as follows: and follow manufacturers’ maintenance recommendations.

• All regulator hoses, including braided hoses, Following this advice, especially the have a limited service life regardless of recommendation to regularly inspect hoses, will external appearance or reinforcement and give you greater confidence that your hoses will protection provided by hose protectors or the perform as they should. Advocate for dive safety by braiding itself. The failed hoses we have promoting the following ABC strategy: seen are more than five years old. • The internal section of newer hoses with a • Air awareness: Make all divers aware of thermoplastic inner layer appears to be this problem and the need for regular uniquely prone to polymorphic equipment servicing. crystallization, especially in hot, tropical • : Practice emergency locations. The phenomenon appears to be a air-sharing procedures to ensure gradual process, but the disruption of gas preparedness for and appropriate action in flow and regulator function is unpredictable the event of regulator failures or out-of- and invisible to external inspection. gas situations. • If there is any indication of gas-flow • Customer choice: Ensure that any hose restriction, particularly when using a newer purchased displays on the ends hose, the diver should immediately stop information about the manufacturer, the using the regulator. Perform a careful production date and the standard used. inspection of the regulator and the hose. If Check that this information is consistent the regulator is not the cause, suspect the with that on the packaging. hose. • Physically examine hoses by squeezing We ask all divers who observe this inner-hose them every inch or so to assess whether they degradation to please email DAN at S’NAG-A-NEWS Page 10 A PUBLICATION OF THE COLUMBUS SEA NAGS HTTP://WWW.SEANAGS.COM Apr. 2017 [email protected], preferably providing pictures that show the condition of the hose. This will enable us to capture as much information as possible so we can learn more about this phenomenon. We will share any new findings, cautions and advice with the diving community.

Source: http://www.alertdiver.com/crystallized_hoses

Parting Shots Photos from Steve Locsey

Miscellaneous photos from Dawn Kernagis presentation

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AD Rates OFFICERS 2017 S’Nag-A-News monthly advertising rates are as follows: President Steve Ranft Business Card $4.00 (614) 309-4138 1/4 Page $10.00 [email protected] 1/2 Page $20.00 Full Page $30.00 Vice President Ryan Jones Club members receive a 10% discount on advertising [email protected] rates. Non-members receive a 10% discount for three months paid in advance. Treasurer Glenn Mitchell (614) 272-2448 [email protected]

Secretary Dave Foley [email protected]

Newsletter Editor Gerry Kubatska (614)307-3668 NEXT MEETING: 8:00 p.m., Plank’s Café, Thurs., May [email protected] 4, 2017. by Mark Thomas

The Columbus Sea Nags

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