Die Olympischen Spiele

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Die Olympischen Spiele DIE OLYMPISCHEN SPIELE THE OLYMPIC GAMES DIE OLYMPISCHEN SPIELE 776 v. Chr. — I896 n. Chr. Mit Genehmigung und Unterstützung des Central-Comités der internationalen olympischen Spiele unter dem Vorsitze ERSTER THEIL DIE OLYMPISCHEN SPIELE IM ALTERTUM VON SP. P. LAMBROS UND N. G. POLITIS Universitätsprofessoren MIT EINEM VORWORTE VON TIMOLEON PHILEMON Generalsecretär der internat. olymp. Spiele DEUTSCHE UEBERSETZUNG VON DR MICH. DEFFNER Bibliothekar und Docent ATHEN LEIPZIG VERLAG VON CARL BECK F. VOLCKMAR Hermesstrasse12 Hospitalstrasse 10. THE OLYMPIC GAMES B.C. 776. — A. D. I896. Published with the sanction and under the patronage of the Central Committee in Athens, presided over by HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE CROWN PRINCE CONSTANTINE PART FIRST THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN ANCIENT TIMES BY SP. P. LAMBROS AND N. G. POLITES Professors at the University of Athens WITH A PROLOGUE BY TIMOLEON PHILEMON Secretary General of the Olympic Games TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK BY C. A. ATHENS LONDON o CHARLES BECK EDITOR H. GREVEL AND C o N o 12 Hermes Street. N 33 King-Street, Covent Garden. W. C. VERZEICHNISS DER ILLUSTRATIONEN LIST OF ENGRAVINGS Seite 1 Goldener Kranz aus Oelzweigen, nach einem in Page 1 Golden olive crown. der Krimm gefundenen antiken. » 3 Valley of the Alpheus. » 3 Thal des Alpheios. » 5 Ancient Palæstra, (restored). » 5 Eine antike Palaestra. Reconstruction. » 8 Maiden victorious in the Heræa, antique Sta- » 8 Siegerin im Wettlauf bei den Heräen, Statue tue (in the Vatican). im Vatican. » 11 Imaginary representation of the ancient Olym- » 11 Eine Scene ans den alten olympischen Spielen pic Games. (Phantasiebild). » 15 Dolichodromoi from an antique vase. » 15 Dauerlaüfer, nach einer antiken Vase. » 17 Pancratiastæ, Florentine Museum. » 17 Pankratiasten, Statue im Museum von Florenz. » 19 Ernest Curtius, from a recent photograph. » 19 Ernst Curtius, nach einer neuen Photographie. » 20 Apoxyomenos, statue in the Vatican. » 20 Apoxyòmenos, Statue im Vatican. » 21 Discobolus resting, statue in the Vatican. » 21 Ausruhender Discobol, Statue im Vatican. » 24 Discobolus of Myron. » 24 Discobol, antike Copie d. Discobolen v. Myron. » 27 Hoplitodromoi from an antique vase. » 27 Hoplitenlauf, nach einer antiken Vase. » 30 Boxerstatue in the Dresden Museum. » 30 Faustkämpfer, Statue des Dresdener Museums. » 31 Strigile, in the British Museum. » 31 Antike Striegel, im brittischen Museum. » 33 Bronze discus, found at Ægina, (Berlin Muse- » 33 Bronze-Discus aus Aegina, worauf ein die Hal- um), on which is an athlete practising teren schwingender Athlet. (Berl. Mus.) with the halteres. » 36 Faustkämpfer, nach einer antiken Vase. » 36 Boxers, from an antique vase. » 39 Ruinen des in eine byzantinische Kirche ver- » 39 Ruins of Pheidias’ workshop, transformed into wandelten Ateliers von Phidias. a Byzantine Church. » 43 Springer mit Halteren, nach einer antiken Vase. » 43 Jumper with halteres from an antique vase. » 45 Desgleichen. » 45 Jumper from an antique vase. » 49 Ornament von der Sima d. Schatzhauses v. Gela. » 49 Ornament from the sima of the Treasury of Gela. » 52 Das Heraion und ein Theil des Kronion-Berges. » 52 The Heræum and part of Mount Cronius. » 53 Statue einer Eleerin, beim Heraion gefunden, » 53 Statue of an Elean lady found in the Heræum, Werk des Atheners Dionysios. the work of Dionysius of Athens. » 56 Ornament von der Sima d. Schatzhauses v. Gela. » 56 Ornament from the sima of the Treasury of Gela. » 63 Der Hermes des Praxiteles. » 63 The Hermes of Praxiteles. » 65 » »»» nach der Ergän- » 65 The same from the restoration by Schaper. zung von Schaper. » 69 Mosaic from the pronaos of the temple of » 69 Mosaik aus der Vorhalle des Zeustempels. Olympian Zeus. » 72 Tempel des olympischen Zeus. Reconstruction. » 72 Temple of Olympian Zeus, restored. » 74 Ostgiebel des Zeustempels. » 74 Eastern pcdiment of the Temple. » 75 Westgiebel » » » 75 Western pediment. » 78 Deidameia, aus dem Westgiebel. » 78 Deidameia from the western pediment. » 78 Hercules und der knossische Stier, Metope des » 78 Hercules and the bull of Cnossus, metope of Opisthodoms. the opisthodomus. » 79 Kopf einer Nymphe, aus dem Westgiebel. » 79 Head of a Nymph, from the western pediment. » 79 Kopf des Apollo, » » » » 79 Head of Apollo, western pediment. » 81 Die Aepfel d. Hesperiden, Metopc d. Vorhalle. » 81 The apples of the Hesperides, metope of » 84 Kopf eines Faustkämpfers aus Bronze. the pronaos. » 85 Kopf des olympischen Zeus, nach einer elischen » 84 Bronze head of a boxcr. Münze in Vergrösserung. » 85 Head of Olympian Zeus from an Elean coin. » 88 Greifenkopf aus Bronze. (enlarged). » 90 Kopf der Aphrodite, im Leonidaion gefunden. » 88 Bronze head of a griffin. » 92 Ansicht der Palaestra. » 90 Head of Aphrodite, found in the Leonidæon. » 101 Nike des Paionios,nach der Ergänzung von » 92 View of the Palæstra. Grüttner. » 101 Victory of Pæonius, from Grüttner’s restoration. EIN glücklicher Gedanke war es in der That, dass man den internationalen athletischen Wettkämpfen, welche in diesem Jahre zumersten Male, und zwar in Athen, gefeiert werden sollen, den Namen « olym- pische Spiele » gab. Die olympischen Spiele,welche alle vier Jahre am Ufer des Alpheios in Elis abgehalten wurden, waren in gewissem Sinne die internationalen Wettkämpfe des Altertums; denn wenn sich auch nicht die ver- schiedenen Nationen der alten Welt in Olympia ein Rendez-vous gaben,so waren doch die Träger der Civilisation dieser Welt, die Griechen des Mutterlandes und der Colonieen, zu diesen Spielen geladen und nahmen durch ihre Athleten daran Theil. Keineswegs unpassend also, sondern im Gegentheile sehr tref- fend ist die Benennung « olympische Spiele » für die ins Leben gerufenen internationalen Wettkämpfe. Das Wiederaufleben der Kampfspiele der alten Welt, in erweitertem Umfange und mit wirklich inter- nationalem Charakter, lenkt unwillkürlich unseren Geist nach dem historischen Thale von Elis hin, wo ungefähr zwölf Jahrhunderte hindurch die Blüte der griechischen Welt oder, was gleichbedeutend ist, die Blüte der civilisirten Menschheit des Altertums sich zusammenfand, um unter dem mächtigen Schutze einer Frieden stiftenden Gottheit Zeuge zu sein, dass die Männer, welche zu Leitern, Berathern oder Verthei- digern ihrer Städte bestellt waren, ununterbrochen an ihrer geistigen und körperlichen Entwicklung und Veredlung arbeiteten. Noch mehr, diese Vereinigung und diese gegenseitige Annäherung der thatkräftigsten Männer der gebildeten alten Welt, wodurch während der Zeit der Festspiele die Unterbrechung jeglicher Feindseligkeit geboten war,war der Vorbote der weitgreifenden Lehre von der Brüderlichkeit und dem friedlichen Zusammenleben der Völker der Erde und ein Schritt weiter zu der grossen Idee der Menschheit. So blieb keine der Grundlehren der Civilisation des Menschen dem griechischen Altertum fremd. Eine bündige, zugleich aber klare und genaue Auseinandersetzung der Vorgänge bei den alten olym- pischen Spielen, welche durch die vor zwanzig Jahren in Olympia gemachten Ausgrabungen gründlich beleuchtet wurden, dient ohne Zweifel zu einem besseren und vollkommeneren Verständniss der interna- tionalen Wettkämpfe, die in Athen stattfinden werden. Es wird daraus hervorgehen, dass die neuen inter- nationalen Turnfeste sich von den alten nur sehr wenig unterscheiden und dass sie nicht nur im Allge- meinen, sondern auch in ihren Einzelheiten auf denselben ewigen Principien beruhen, die die Griechen zur Werthschätzung der moralischen und körperlichen Tüchtigkeit der freien Bürger aufstellten. Zwei unserer hervorragenden Gelehrten, die Universitätsprofessoren Spyridon Lambros und Nicolaus G. Politis, haben mit der sie auszeichnenden klaren Sprache und der gebührenden wissenschaftlichen Genauigkeit die alten olympischen Spiele behandelt. Ihre Schrift, die in einem kunstvollen Bilde den ganzen Organismus der alten Kampfspiele vorAugen führt, trägt zu einer besseren Auffassung und Schätzung der neuen internationalen Turnfeste ungemein bei. Sic bildet den ersten Theil des ganzen Werkes, welches zur Erinnerung an die in Athen abzuhaltenden internationalen athletischen Wettkämpfe veröffentlicht werden wird. In einem zweiten Theile werden die wieder ins Leben gerufenen olympischen Spiele behandelt werden. In möglichster Ausführlichkeit wird auseinandergesetzt werden, wie die Idee ihrer Stiftung entstand, wie sie in Paris formulirt und in Athen verwirklicht wurde. Möge die gegenseitige Annäherung der Völker des Erdballs, ihre Begegnung auf einem berühmtcn Boden und ihr edler Wetteifer auf einem freier Männer würdigen Kampffelde zur Erstarkung des so erha- benen Princips der allgemeinen Brüderlichkeit beitragen. Athen im Februar 1896. TIMOLEON J. PHILEMON IT was a happy idea to give to the International Athletic Competitions which are about to take place in Athens the name of « Olympic Games ». The Olympic Games, celebrated every four years in Elis,on the banks of the Alpheus, were, so to say, the international Games of antiquity; in them athletes from every Hellenic country, that is repre- sentatives of the whole civilized world of that period,were invited to take part. It is therefore not in- appropriate, but very well thought of, to call by that name the International Athletic Games which are to take place for the first time in Athens in I896. This revival, after the lapse of many centuries, of the international athletic Games of the ancients, irresistibly draws our thoughts towards the historic valley of Elis, within which during almost twelve cen- turies the flower of the Hellenic world,
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