THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside Greece email: VEMA [email protected] SEPTEMBER 2004 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033

In this issue... Our Primate’s View VANDALISM PAGE 5/23

TRAVEL: Scaling Corinth’s mythical peaks

PAGE 16/34

‘Dream Games’ The Athens 2004 Games, the 28th Olympiad of the modern effort, it provided security in the air, the sea and on land. But era, ended on August 28 with a closing ceremony that cele- in the end, it was the athletes who were at the heart of the brated 16 days of competition and the nation that had played Games, setting as they did several new world and Olympic host to the world. Athens presented the Games with state-of- records. the art venues, and, through an unprecedented multinational FULL REPORT PAGE 20-38 SEPTEMBER 2004 2/20 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Your Say Who was the Founder of the Modern Olympics? Dear Editor ancient, but not classic games, tive of establishing the modern renovation of the Panathenian I must take umbrage at your and two modern. Prizes were Olympic Games. After becoming Stadium asked him to contribute, journalist K I Angelopoulos, who both monetary and symbolical. a member of the Panhellenic Averoff stated that he would dared to repeat that pathetic non- There was a band playing an Gymnastic Society in Athens, he undertake the renovation of the sense which accords Pierre de Olympic Hymn, specially com- represented the Society in the ancient Panathenian Stadium, at Coubertain as the Founder of the posed for the occasion. The International Athletic Congress his own expense. Modern Olympics. judges were professors of the of 1894 held in Paris. There, he Subsequently, George Averoff He is so glorified because he University, and a herald an- made the first speech suggesting was greeted by all Hellenes as the himself wrote the book, so to nounced the winners. The King that Athens should be the site of principal establisher of the speak. The truth is closer to awarded prizes to winners to the the First International Olympic Olympic Games. In memory of home. The de Coubertain myth sound of the Olympic hymn. Games to be held in 1896. his patriotism, his statue was belittles and denies the pioneer- More Games were to follow in “I claimed Hellas rights with erected in front of the Stadium on ing thoughts of Alexander Sout- years to come. Zappas died in regard to the re-establishment of the eve of the beginning of the sos, the personal and financial 1865, leaving his immense for- a Hellenic institution. Indeed, as Games. support of Epirotes Evangelos tune for the benefit of the modern Victor Hugo put it, the whole civ- So given all of the foregoing, Zappas and George Averoff and Olympics with the purpose to be ilized world has a common available on the internet and con- the sporting leadership of the held every four years “in the grandmother, but we [the Helle- firmed via IOC Archives, how is very first IOC President, Dimi- manners of our ancestors”. De nes] have her as our mother. So it that the Hellenic nation has trios Vikelas. Coubertain was to use this money we are in a way the uncles of the ever allowed Pierre de Cou- The idea for reviving the Games to achieve what Zappas had rest of the peoples. Here is our bertain to claim all of the credit first came from the famous Helle- begun. only advantage, if it is an advan- for founding the modern nic poet, Alexandros Soutsos. In According to his will, his body tage. Here is the source of my Olympics? Even the Athens 2004 1833, the newspaper Helios pub- was buried in Romania, and his request that the restored Olympic website erroneously gives him lished his poem, where he refer- skull at the new Olympic build- Games be inaugurated on our credit without any mention of red to the necessity for reviving ing located in Zappeion, Athens. Hellenic soil”. After the accep- Soutsos, Zappas, Vikelas and WHITE HOUSE the Olympic Games. The news- Visitors can still see the inscrip- tance of the proposition, Athens Averoff. CORNERSTONE LAID: paper was published in Nafplio, tion at Zappeion: “Here lies the became the site of the first institu- Yet without these men there October 13, 1792 the first capital of the new born head”. De Coubertain copied the tionalized Olympic Games and would have been no idea for Hellenic state, in the Pelopon- idea and had his heart buried at Vikelas became the first president reviving the Games, no motiva- The cornerstone is laid for a presiden- nese. Mt Olympus with the inscription of the new-born International tion and impetus and certainly no tial residence in the newly designated Influenced by the ideas of that “Here lies the heart”. Olympic Committee. money. capital city of Washington. In 1800, poem, the great philanthropist Demetrios Vikelas was born in George Averoff, another It is time that the world recog- President John Adams became the first Evangelos Zappas proposed the 1835 in Syros, one of the Hellenic benefactor from Epirus, nized what the Hellenes did over president to reside in the executive revival of the Olympic Games Hellenic islands of the Aegean, was a resident of Alexandria. He a century ago, but which they too mansion, which soon became known AND set about to achieve that and died in 1908 in Athens. He personally financed the erection have now forgotten. as the "White House" because its goal. was a merchant in London, but of the Athens Polytechnic white-gray Virginia freestone contrast- Evangelos Zappas was born in since literature was his real love, School, the Military Academy Ange Kenos ed strikingly with the red brick of near- 1800 in a village at Epirus, he soon became a well-known and the High School and the Girls Olympic Certified Weightlifting by buildings. Northern Hellas. In 1831 he emi- writer. Institution at Alexandria. Coach and Volunteers Member grated to Bucharest, where he In 1894, he took over the initia- When the Committee for the of the Olympic Academy became one of the most wealthi- THE GREAT NEW ENGLAND est land-owners in the country. HURRICANE: Inspired by Alexandros Soutsos’ September 21, 1938 idea of reviving the ancient Olympics Games Evangelos Without warning, a powerful Category 3 hurri- Zappas, proposed to the Hellenic cane slams into Long Island and southern New government to personally finance England, causing 600 deaths and devastating the foundation of Modern Olym- coastal cities and towns. Also called the Long pics. Island Express, the Great New England After his agreement with the Hurricane of 1938 was the most destructive Hellenic Government, the storm to strike the region in the 20th century. [Zappian] Olympic Games were foun-ded. Zappas financed the MUNICH PACT SIGNED: erection of a building for exhibits, September 30, 1938 as well as the excavation and restoration of the ancient Panat- British and French prime ministers Neville henaic Stadium in Athens. Chamberlain and ýdouard Daladier sign the The athletic competition had Munich Pact with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. more game-like than sportive The agreement averted the outbreak of war character. As there were not ath- but gave Czechoslovakia away to German con- letes at that time, the Organising quest. Committee accepted the partici- pation of workers, porters, etc., SPUTNIK LAUNCHED: who were attracted by the mone- October 4, 1957 tary prizes of the Games. Accor- ding to the press of the time, The Soviet Union inaugurates the "Space Age" many anecdotes took place dur- with its launch of Sputnik, the world's first arti- ing the Games: a policeman who ficial satellite. The spacecraft, named Sputnik was there keeping the order, left after the Russian word for "satellite," was his post and participated in the launched at 10:29 p.m. Moscow time from the races. Even a beggar, who pre- Tyuratam launch base in the Kazakh Republic. tended to be blind, participated in Sputnik had a diameter of 22 inches and the races as well! weighed 184 pounds and circled Earth once While the press criticized the every hour and 36 minutes. Traveling at 18,000 Games, the ideal of the athletic miles an hour, its elliptical orbit had competition was generally accep- an apogee (farthest point from Earth) of ted, and this was the beginning of 584 miles and a perigee (nearest point) the whole process of the Olympic of 143 miles. Games. The [later] Games of 1870’s took place in the restored Stadium. There were nine games: three classic ancient games, four SEPTEMBER 2004 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 3/21 Editorial

Using an Olympic The government and entrepreneurs must do their best to cap- the Boston Marathon or the Frankfurt Bookfair. italize on this unique opportunity. This will be harder to do today than it was the last two times opportunity Greece tried, in the early 20th century and in the late 1970s. (Kathimerini, 31-8-2004) End the travelling circus; Enormous corporate interests are now tied up in the Games' Congratulations, praise and thanks from everywhere! That is bring the Games home viability. Countries are lining up to host what in some nebu- the reaction of the international media to the Olympic Games lous accounting logic is a profitable event. in Athens now that they are over. John Psaropoulos (Athens News , 27/08/2004) Yet Greece has some powerful arguments. For the foresee- The Athens Games brought in a fresh new spirit, according Barring an unforeseen attack or a disastrous turn of organi- able future, Athens will have the most advanced sporting facil- to the major American television network ABC, which praised sation, the Athens Olympics have turned out to be an enor- ities in Europe. It possesses the transport infrastructure to ferry the superb sports venues as perhaps the best in history. mous success. Buses ran on time, and to the right places; law enormous amounts of people to and from the airport and The habitually reserved Times of London did not hide its enforcement has been noticeable but discreet, leaving people around the city. A new investment of comparable size to the enthusiasm for what it called fantastic Olympic Games, say- to enjoy themselves; even the favourite Greek pastime of price estimated 8.5 billion euros spent on these Games is not need- ing they surpassed all expectations in terms of perfect organi- gouging seems to have been restrained in the name of a ed to re-host them. zation, quality and the excitement of the events themselves; national event. The Games are increasing in size. Re-locating them every Greece outdid itself and has proved wrong those who doubt- The Greeks have also distinguished themselves athletically. four years is increasingly difficult, risky and expensive. The ed its ability. Not only is the overall medal count impressive (Greece leads courting of International Olympic Committee members is also Meanwhile, strange as it may seem, some who had criticized the leagues for countries of comparable size), but Greece a shameful exercise in pampering and indirect bribery that is Greece harshly during the preparatory stage are now retract- brought gold in judo, diving and the speedwalk - events at costing the IOC credibility and prestige. A permanent home is ing their words. which it has never won at an Olympics before. Greek athletes a practical need, and for historical reasons that home could “I owe an apology. I’m sorry for the way we behaved. We have also qualified for finals in team events that have no tra- only be Greece. were paranoid and stupid. We were wrong. We made fun of dition here, such as volleyball, beach volleyball, basketball There is yet a third option. Greece can simply consider you and predicted you wouldn’t be ready,” was the message and handball. launching its own Olympian Games. These Games need not conveyed by CNN; and the speaker added that he had felt Both the organisational and the athletic success are clearly compete with those of the IOC - they can be held at two-year much safer in Athens these three weeks than in Los Angeles the result of years of hard work, and are worthy of the nation intercalary intervals. or Detroit. that believed in the Olympic idea strongly enough to organise Athens could do something never before attempted - turn The Philadelphia Inquirer’s correspondent wrote much the first modern Olympics against tremendous odds in 1896. itself into a global athletic village, inviting teams and individ- along similar lines, apologizing and saying Greece was better Sitting on this historic milestone for a well-deserved break, uals to train here throughout the four years between Olympics. prepared than the US was in 1996. “Greece assumed a huge Greece can muse upon three options for the Olympic future. In time, it could divert more and more sports to the country undertaking and succeeded, and its competitiveness is equal to Its first and easiest option is to be content as spiritual godfa- surrounding Olympia, creating there a sanctuary for sport that your warmth.” ther of the modern Games, bidding for them once every cen- would restore to the Olympics the sense of inviolate ritual of “You embraced my family as if it was yours and we have tury or so. The benefit of doing this is not small - the 2004 the ancient Games, and work on enforcing the Olympic truce already decided to visit again.” Games will have an impact on Greece's image for many years through a dedicated network of allies. This is the essence of the benefits gained from the Olympics to come. There should be no illusions about the third option. If Greece - Greece’s regeneration as a tourist destination through high- Yet the option seems a little anaemic for a country that invent- does create its own Games, it will need international support. lighting its contemporary face to billions of television viewers ed competitive athletic gatherings in ancient times, and has All the dangers of corruption, embezzlement and doping will and hundreds of millions of newspaper readers. been interested in repatriating the modern revival in years still exist. The Games may be over, but now for many months and when it was still seen as a money-loser. But the Greeks are perhaps the best equipped to restore years what are needed are persistent, systematic coordinated Greece's second option is to re-launch its bid one day to bring integrity to an event they have only ever seen as a vital com- efforts to make the most of the tremendous advantage of this the Games permanently back to Greece. After 2012, the ponent of their sense of nationhood, an event that makes them promotion of Greece around the world. Games could return to become Athens' trademark event, like proud to be Greek.

eagerly awaiting their return. Then the seri- Greek into English will go Talking ous business of pumping for every last detail can get underway; to get the ‘real’ Mark Dragoumis (Athens News, 30/8/2004) to call him dasypygal (ÄÁÓÕÐÕÃÏÓ) - a story, so to speak. hairy- buttoc-ked male. Greece did well. If Athens had not been Truly bilingual people often find themselves On the more positive side, Greek gives a per- Point ready (what’s a roof over a pool between by Ann Coward in a quandary. son an aura of high culture. It sounds much friends?), or had they not made the interna- The more idiomatic their Greek and English, better to make anodyne (ÁÍÙÄÕÍÅÓ) tional visitors feel welcome, the shame the more conscious they are of the wealth of remarks rather than just painless ones and it would have been felt amongst Greeks both languages and the more demanding they sounds much more scholarly to detect an Beyond our wildest worldwide. We all share in each others suc- become in their endeavour to render text from antinomy (ÁÍÔÉÍÏÌÉÁ) instead of just dis- cesses, but suffer terribly when even just one into the other. covering a simple contradiction between two imaginings one of us falls short of the mark. While By looking at those who have more or less equally binding pieces of legislation. Greek some Greek-Australians are Greek nation- succeeded in this venture, one can derive words often act as euphemisms (ÅÕÖÇ- als, many are not - but for all, it was a good knowledge and pleasure. ÌÉÓÌÏÉ). Thus policemen can raise their sta- What can one say about recent events? time to reflect on our common ancestry. There is by now ample linguistic evidence tus by taking a actylogram (ÄÁÊÔÕËÏ- The Athens Olympics have come and gone, Universally, people everywhere were that the use of words of Greek origin gives cer- ÃÑÁÌÌÁ) instead of routine fingerprints and although the Paralympics are still to be fearful that the Games might be used as a tain advantages to English speakers. the Australian aborigines could improve their held. Many a Greek-Australian was seen to stage for terrorism. That someone may Not just because it helps them study politics, image by calling themselves autochtons puff out his or her chest with pride during have wanted to take advantage of the pres- history, philosophy and economics or define (ÁÕÔÏ×ÈÏÍÅÓ). Unfortunately kleptoma- the Olympics, with its ‘best ever’ athletes’ ence of so many international media repre- scientific concepts in the branches of electron- nia (ÊËÅÐÔÏÌÁÍÉÁ) has been so widely facilities and spectacular sports complexes. sentatives and cameras by striking a blow ics, cybernetic, entomology and crystallogra- used to describe the thieving sprees of middle- We basked in reflected glory as commenta- to one or more countries through an attack phy but also to cope with tricky situations in class Greek ladies in places like Marks & tors marvelled at the beautifully restrained on their elite athletes, seemed a real possi- everyday discourse. Spencer's that it can no longer be safely used theatre of the Opening Ceremony, such a bility. But we were spared such a catastro- Suppose for instance that you want to act out as a euphemism. contrast to the exuberant ‘big fat Greek phe. your aggression against someone without When it comes to philosophy, Greek trumps party’ that was the Closing Ceremony. As the Games ended we could all breathe immediately incurring his wrath. You can call most words of other origins. Compare for Many of us nodded our heads knowing- a collective sigh of relief...only to wake up him oligophreniac (ÏËÉÃÏÖÑÅÍÇÓ) rather instance aporia (ÁÐÏÑÉÁ) referring to ly every time a sportsperson, or journalist, and find that, while we were congratulating than dim-witted. It sounds much less of an Socratic attitudes to ordinary doubt. The same heaped praise on the Greeks for their hospi- ourselves , others had been busy in a school insult, almost a diagnosis. goes for the Stoic notion of ataraxia (ÁÔÁ- tality, warmth, kindness, generosity...the list complex, setting a deadly trap. If you really want to show off you can call a ÑÁÎÉÁ) conveying in a so much loftier fash- goes on and on. We even slapped ourselves Overcome by the scale of the tragedy, it beer lout thersitical which shows you are ion the notion of absolute calm and freedom on the back at the wonderfully liberating seemed that most people were lost for familiar with the Homeric anti-hero Thersites from anxiety than the much more down-to- displays of unbridled passion exhibited by words. Despite the constant news updates, (ÈÅÑÓÉÔÇÓ) the lame, bow-legged, round- earth tranquillity or relaxation. so many contestants, many of whom repre- I noticed many people were unwilling to shouldered, foul-mouthed ugliest man at Troy. When you feel indecisive on certain issues sented countries not usually known for out- talk about events in Beslan. All but forgot- A particularly effective form of concealed you can gain points by saying that you are ward signs of emotion. There must be ten in our modern and insular world, we insult is to call someone a platyrrhine pithe- ephectic (ÅÖÅÊÔÉÊÏÓ/Ç). By the time oth- something in the water, I heard someone might once have turned to funeral laments, canthrope (ÐËÁÔÕÑÑÉÍÏ ÐÉÈÇÊÁÍ- ers realise that what you meant was that you say. traditionally sung by women, for some ÈÑÙÐÏ) and hope that if he is anything like are suspending judgement, you might even Of course, being no-one’s fools, those of comfort. Instead, in times such as these, it is you say he is, by the time he finds out that you have made up your mind. us who know people returning from holi- to poets, past and present, that we need to called him a flat-nosed ape-man you will be There is no doubt about it. The Greeks did daying in Greece, who combined a vaca- turn to give us courage, and to express our well out of range of his fists. have a word for it, it being a way to gain the tion with a spot of Games volunteering, are pain. Always in the same vein you could also try upper hand in the use of language. SEPTEMBER 2004 4/22 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

white paper on Trade and the 21st Century. working to establish the infrastructure to Comment We’d like to share with you our thoughts and deliver a set of services that will drive higher Sam Saltis [email protected] Strategy on where we believe Future Trade value Trade opportunities for both countries. HACCI opportunities could be derived for both Moreover HACCI is working to create oppor- August was a thrilling month for all Greeks Greece and Australia. As a committee, tunities for professionals to create long term around the world. All of us have read the great HACCI is committed to fundamentally relationships with Businesses and profession- stories of achievement and accomplishment exploiting the opportunities that exist to push als in each other’s country that will then in by Hellenes all around the world. On behalf of trade in the 21st century to a new level. We see turn drive sustainable trade. Business HACCI I would like to take this opportunity trade as being generated from a set of funda- Finally, I’d like to introduce you to Mary to congratulate all the Greeks around the mental building blocks that include, Tsouvalakis who is an active member of the world for their efforts. u The positioning of Greece and Australia HACCI committee with a passion for art and There has been considerable emphasis on within their geographic regions. culture. Mary provides us some interesting Bulletin trade this month with the visit of Panagiotis u The untapped skill base of bilingual speak- cultural views in her getting of the wisdom Drosos President/Managing Director of the ing professionals. piece. Hellenic Foreign trade board who was in Mel- u The motivation of governments to see trade Your feedback to the views expressed would Getting of Wisdom bourne as part of the Fine food show. A meet- increase beyond the current levels. be most welcome. For further information ing was held with Mr Drosos where we pre- Over the past three years HACCI has iden- about HACCI please visit our website at Mary Tsouvalakis is a solicitor and director sented him with a Strategy paper on Trade. tified a shift in the potential trade relationship www.hacci.com.au of Exedra Entertainment since 1995. Her This month HACCI is proud to publish a between Greece and Australia and has been aim has always been to bridge Australia’s relative isolation from Hellas, particularly in the arts by bringing world renown enter- tainers such as Mikis Theodorakis, Kostas HACCI Trade Strategy Hatzis, Giorgos Dalaras, Maria Farantouri and Savina Yannatou to Australia to per- form in concert halls. Events are selected for the 21st Century not only to display the pinnacle of human HACCI (Hellenic Australian Chamber of and professionals to communicate and have been called on to provide professional imagination and creativity but also to pro- Commerce and Industry) is a well-recognised engage with one another. We believe a global services and to help with infrastructure pro- mote cultural diversity, freedom, compas- and respected business chamber that has for portal will deliver benefits to the wider com- jects in the preparation of the 2004 Olympics. sion and friendship. many years supported Hellenic businesses by munity and help promote Hellenic businesses In addition there is increased competition providing guidance to people & businesses on a global stage. We further believe that we from new global manufacturers who have What I know about wanting to trade or network. Our vision is one can use business relationships to not only invested heavily in large plants to maximise of the networked economy where business enhance trade but to also promote Hellenic the manufacturing process who are having an The Hellenic addiction to freedom occurs seamlessly and information moves culture and maintain the Greek language. impact on the products traditionally supplied I invited the 205 piece Greek National freely across borders. by the Greek manufacturers. Opera to perform Zorba the Ballet in 2002 Today’s business environment is made up of Changing Face of Trade There are a number of issues facing the trade in five concerts around Australia. The tour a series of relationships that span the globe. between the two countries. was the only Australian event to be spon- Businesses are influenced by events that There have been a number of developments Historically the Greek road network infra- sored by the Cultural Olympiad 2004. occur half way around the world, with imme- in the world economy that have seen globali- structure inhibited the transportation of Moving a plane full of 205 entertainers and diate impacts on their balance sheets. sation with respect to free movement of trade goods. The government has addressed this 15 members of the press and television As the European Union continues to grow amongst nations across the world. These with major roadworks and infrastructure pro- from Athens, including singers, ballet we are seeing the emergence of a trade body include:- jects like the recently completed airport. dancers and musicians was fascinating. that rivals the US economy and has a signifi- The maturing of the European Union (EU) Each of the two countries are small markets 204 of the 205 entertainers could not ethi- cant bearing on the global economy. On the economy with the phasing in of the EU cur- in global terms. cally accept the concept of “no smoking”. other side of the world in Asia, many of the rency, creating a trade bloc in Europe for the The distance between the two countries has They smoked anywhere they wanted to political issues that inhibited trade have been free movement among nations that now com- inhibited the trade of certain goods and the including airports, hotel lobbies, venues, cast aside as new players like China and India petes against the USA on trade volumes. This size of the populations has meant that restaurants. “Mary, Hellenes are not par- enter the market to create great opportunities creates a number of opportunities for compa- exporters in many cases will chose countries rots, they cannot be put into boxes.” one for trade in markets that for many years have nies to use Greece as the gateway to the wider with a larger market. said. been closed or isolated. EU and the Balkan states. Free movement of supplier and buyer infor- Highlights of my position Specialisation and leadership in chosen The acceptance of China back into the free mation to create a fluid trade environment has Frequent travel to Athens to arrange tours industries can create global opportunities. market economy and opening up of south been restricted. There are a number of whole- and being entertained in the homes of Flexibility and your ability to harness the East Asia has opened up the doors to one of salers who have been the conduit between the Mikis Theodorakis, Kostas Hatzis, Gior- human and intellectual capital is a key ingre- the largest consumer populations in the world supplier and buyer. In many cases these peo- gos Dalaras, Maria Farantouri and Savina dient for success in the knowledge economy. and created great opportunities for companies ple manage the distribution of goods into the Yannatou. Technology has a crucial part to play in the to expand into an untapped market country, making it very difficult for new Understanding artists and their idiosyn- future of all business. As an enabler it pro- Explosive growth from countries that have entrants to break into the foreign market. crasies. It does not take long to realise that vides a platform for seamless communica- adopted an innovative view to trade and have Incentives for bodies to focus on the promo- the very famous have the same problems, tion, creating an efficient marketplace where invested in developing competencies that are tion of products have not existed. Other insecurities, fears, romance issues as the buyers and suppliers can engage, learn and marketable across the globe. Ireland is one chambers are provided funding to engage next person. conduct their business quickly. such nation that has contributed significantly with the corporate world to achieve greater I am passionate about travel; Highlights We envisage establishing an “incubator” to exports from the European Union through penetration of trade within Australia. HACCI include cruising the Nile in Egypt, 2 that will have strong links in both Greece and its development as a smart economy. manages to exist through the tireless efforts of months in London, Paris, Florence, Vienna Australia. This incubator concept will serve We cannot live in isolation. Our countries’ its committee and the belief in an ideal that and obviously the Greek islands, particu- to provide opportunities to both business and economies are impacted by events in our extends further than the notion of trade. larly Crete, Kefalonia, Santorini, Milos, professionals. For business it will act as a dis- neighbourhood or with our trading partners. Alonissos, (and of course Athens) tribution point for products and services into Recent events in the Gulf highlight how Our View Greek Community- I feel that we are all the host country and wider region. It will quickly news impacts economies and how the The free movement of information between compelled to make a contribution so that serve as an educator providing local knowl- world’s economies are dependent on each suppliers and buyers is an imperative to con- Hellenism may continue to be a prevalent edge and opportunities for individuals to other. duct a free trade flow. Being able to access all force in the world. By this, I mean a com- experience first hand the local business land- We are seeing traditional services being information regarding our countries’ legal mitment to the promotion of Hellenic his- scape through coordinated sabbaticals where exported to foreign countries (example of this and organisational structure helps businesses tory, literature, culture, music. business owners work with partner compa- is the explosion of call centres in 3rd world make well-informed decisions about the nies to gain expertise in the culture, business countries like India and Pakistan). expansion into new markets. My interests- I am fascinated by human process and regional issues. For professionals An expanded trade relationship between our nature. I love travel, snorkelling, the beach. the Incubator will serve as a vehicle for exten- Issues two countries needs to be a priority. Although I collect antiques, art and books. sive human capital transfer. Professionals will Greece has traditionally exported food and both economies are small in world terms, be given the opportunity to work in foreign commodity based products. Trade relation- they provide the gateway into much larger My wisdom- Promoting Hellenism by fill- environments and gain invaluable expertise ships in these products are usually based trade blocs, those being Asia, Balkans and ing your life with beauty through new and knowledge that will later deliver high around price. Recently with the Olympics European Union. Using both countries as experiences, exploration, truth, friendship, value trade opportunities. and the extension of the Ferry System, gateways to these larger trade blocs could be compassion and love. Live like a Hellene; HACCI is committed to the use of technol- Greece has seen an imbalance of trade with a source of great opportunity. fear not, love deeply, live passionately, die ogy to create a global platform for businesses Australia. Many Australian based Companies To be continued next month for what you believe. SEPTEMBER 2004 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 5/23 Our Primate’s View

The phenomenon of ‘vandal- drite’s responsible Archbishop of 30 entiated himself during these decades ism’ unfortunately is not uncommon, years, who patiently endured his con- of his turbulent life, should have today at least, even in developed secutive rebellions and his altogether entailed at least a ‘respectful nations and societies. headstrong and provocative Priest- silence’. Here, an expressive saying The perpetrators are usually hood (things which ‘count’ especially of our people applies: “you don’t unknown! Yet they are certainly for a celibate Cleric and theologian!) speak about rope in the home of one uncouth, cowardly and malicious. does not wish to remind readers of who has hung himself”. This should These lamentable and woeful individ- everything he declared formally at his suffice, at least for those who are sin- uals obviously function under the illu- funeral in the presence of all. cerely concerned for the ‘repose of sion that they derive a sense of ‘recre- Certainly no one expected – his soul’. ation’, even ‘satisfaction’, when including the deceased, as he con- destroying other people’s property, fessed in a letter prior to his death – We shall restrict ourselves small or large, at a moment when no that the Prelate who had been pro- today to these constructive remarks, one will see them. voked and deceived for decades not only for those who “have ears to If only for this display of would have found the spiritual listen with” but above all for those incomprehensible malevolence, they strength to visit him without invita- who retain even a little ‘fear of God’! surely deserve our pity in the first tion at his bedside during his terminal If necessary, let no one doubt instance, and not merely our anger or illness and to support and forgive that we shall return to this topic. abhorrence. him, then later to conduct his funer- Indeed, with specific evidence from

Nonetheless, we must admit that the unhealthy attitude of such By Archbishop problematic types can also be pro- Stylianos voked and aggravated by what could VANDALISM of Australia be described leniently as careless actions of excessive zeal, or pointless exhibitionism on the part of the … unsuspecting potential ‘victims’. al compassionately, as he did. the Archives regarding people, issues and situations which will not be at all A characteristic example is In any event, without this pleasing to those ‘implicated’, nor one that occurred recently with the truly irreverent vandalism on the especially for the memory of the vandalism of the tomb of an Archi- tomb of the departed priest ceasing to deceased. mandrite of our community who be an atrocious and condemnable act It is erroneous for pedagogi- departed this life a year ago. In this perpetrated by unknown persons, one cal leniency and the ‘period of grace’ case, the indiscreet actions by some must consider an even deeper ‘van- to be interpreted as weakness or of his relatives, together with a calcu- dalism’ which many pretend not to timidity. lated but distasteful campaign by see. It is in regard to the provocative When narrow-minded dese- some of his belated ‘friends’ (even usage of the biblical passage 2 Tim. cration is not limited just to the life- though for years they were his 3:12 on his headstone, with a clear less slabs of the tombs, but defiles the staunchest enemies!) all but ‘canon- insinuation as to a supposed ‘perse- sacredness of life itself, then we have ized him a saint’. As though ‘every- cution’ of the deceased priest, sup- the most horrid examples of vandal- one had lost their memory’, and as posedly because he wanted to “live a ism, whether we admit to it or not. though the official ecclesiastical godly life in Christ”. This sort of vandalism will authority had suddenly been abol- This deliberately hushed always be within the capacity of the ished. ‘vandalism’ against the entire Rev- ‘shameless’ and, above all, the ‘unre- erend Clergy of NSW from whom the pentant’. Despite this, the Archiman- deceased had so provocatively differ-

GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA E N C Y C L I C A L To the Reverend Clergy [translation from the Greek] As a small sign of sincere support, we are all called upon to offer a special and Administrative Committees prayer in all our Churches immediately following the Divine Liturgy this Sun- of the Parish-Communities day (12-9-2004) “for the repose of the souls of innocent students, parents and of our Greek Orthodox Archdiocese teachers, whose lives were taken by unknown terrorists”.

Dearly beloved, In the hope that the Lord of heavenly power and compassion shall always pro- tect the innocent against similar barbaric and inhuman attacks, I invoke upon The unprecedented cruelty involved in the recent tragedy within a Russian you all the blessing and mercy of the All-loving God. school on the first day of the school year, carried out by terrorists for purely political reasons and rivalries, has not yet resulted in a precise number of vic- In Sydney 6th September, 2004 tims, most of whom were young innocent children. With fatherly love

However, up until now, the media have reported over 400 victims, and twice Archbishop S T Y L I A N O S that number of casualties. Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church in Australia

NOTE: The above Encyclical was forwarded by His Eminence on 6 September 2004, and it was read in all our Churches on Sunday 12-9-2004 SEPTEMBER 2004 6/24 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

On Site Insight: An Australian Archaeological Excavation in Egypt A Major Photographic Exhibition

Egypt’s ancient memory lies buried in its vast sands. For almost 200 years, scholars and archaeol- ogists have attempted to retrieve and decipher frag- ments of this memory from numerous sites. In recent decades, Australian archaeological teams have joined in this painstaking detective work. This major exhibition reveals the story of one such team, the significance of its labours and the impor- tance of its site. Through unique photographic images and sensitive, enlightening text, the exhibi- tion delves into the magic of discovery, the rich delights of shared personal experiences, and the vivid joy of cultural contrasts – all arising through the intricacies of scholarly investigation and con- stant daily toil. The Macquarie University archaeological team, led by Egyptian-born Professor Naguib Kanawati, has been making the long journey from Sydney to the dig site at Saqqara, some twenty-five kilometers south of Cairo, for several years now. Their excava- tion and recording centres upon the Teti cemetery and the largest Old Kingdom (3000 - 2125 BC) courtier’s tomb yet uncovered: that of Mereruka, vizier and overseer of priests, the highest official under the Pharaoh Teti. “Containing 32 chambers and covering an area of 1000 square meters, the walls of this enormous tomb are magnificently decorated with rich, highly crafted wall scenes depicting Mereruka’s life,” explains Kanawati. “This exhibition animates those scenes and positions them against the daily rituals of modern life in the village of Saqqara.” The photographs in On Site Insight were taken by Macquarie University photographer Effy Alexakis, who also curated the exhibition. A DVD video pre- sentation created by Macquarie University film- maker, Fabian Astore, wonderfully complements Alexakis’ still images. The exhibition celebrates 25 years of the Australian Centre for Egyptology (ACE) at Macquarie Univer- sity and is the closest to actually being part of the archaeological process as many of us may get. On Site Insight: An Australian Archaeological Excavation in Egypt is on display at Fountain Court, NSW Parliament House, Sydney until 1 October.

Official Opening The official opening was undertaken by Meredith Burgmann MLC on Wednesday, 15 September at 6.30pm. It was co-hosted by Professor Di Yerbury, Vice Chancellor, Macquarie University and Mr Brendan Stewart, Chairman, Australian Wheat Board Ltd. SEPTEMBER 2004 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 7/25 Facts & Stats Researchers get $42 million to improve collaboration Researchers received a $42 million funding "Australia's best researchers have told us that boost from the federal government to help they increasingly need to find ways to work coordinate projects across Australia.The across organisational, geographic and disci- money will be provided over 5 years so that 24 pline boundaries," he said in a statement. research networks can be set up to help "These network grants will help our best researchers collaborate on different projects. minds to exchange ideas, to collaborate and to The networks will bring together 3,400 work together for the benefit of Australia's researchers from Australia and overseas. future." They will also cover a variety of research The money is being provided through the areas, including health, the environment and Australian Research Council and the National how best to protect critical infrastructure. Health and Medical Research Council. Education Minister Brendan Nelson said the The funding is part of the government's $8.3 funding marked the beginning of a new era of billion Backing Australia's Ability program. collaboration among Australian researchers. AAP Good on you, Ladies! Heaters linked to childhood asthma Exposing children to fume-emitting heaters whether they should be deemed unsafe for during their first year of life increases their risk households in which young children live, he of developing asthma later in childhood. said, adding that more research was needed That was the finding after scientists from the first. Woolcock Institute in Sydney studied more The research was prompted by medicos' sug- than 500 children aged between eight and 11, gestions that exposure to gas heaters and cook- Woolcock's head of epidemiology Dr Guy ers might have an adverse effect on respirato- Marks said. ry health. "Children ... who were exposed to fume-emit- Dr Marks said his team did not attempt to ting heaters during the first year of life were explain why exposure to such devices was approximately one-and-a-half times more like- linked to a greater risk of asthma. ly than children who were not exposed to this "Without direct measures of specific expo- type of heating to have recent wheeze and air- sures to fume-emitting heaters it is not possible way hyper-responsiveness," Dr Marks said. to draw conclusions about the specific agents "They were about twice as likely to have the responsible for the study's key finding," he combination of these." said. There appeared to be no correlation between "Nitrogen dioxide is one product of combus- exposure to the heaters and doctor-diagnosed tion of hydrocarbons that has been shown to asthma, but Dr Marks said wheezing and air- have effects on airway mucosa and respiratory way hyper-response were excellent indicators health." of asthma. Further studies should measure the level of Visitors and staff at the Queensland Art Gallery. Front row (l-r): Eleni Kalligeros, Voula James, Gas heaters without flues, gas cookers and exposure to different emissions during a child's Helen Licourinos, Julie Nichles. Middle row: Florence Kalligeros, Tina Ganis, Ann Kyranis, Irene other fume-emitting heaters included in the first year of life, Dr Marks added. Cayas, Georgia Levonis, Wendy Mourilyan. study might need to be reviewed to determine AAP Earlier this year a group of ladies met and Dr Michael Marendy. Ann gave those together in Brisbane to have a look at some present some ideas on how individuals could of the embroideries belonging to the Queens- make records of their own embroidery col- land Art Gallery, at the suggestion of the lections, and suggested a range of options Vema’s Ann Coward. Some of the Gallery’s open to the women, by referring to other embroideries are of unknown origin, espe- women’s community groups who have cially christening bonnets from Turkey. Sev- attempted to preserve their history through eral of the women in the group, from Castel- artefacts and stories. Dr Marendy, who com- lorizo, were able to identify the goldwork in pleted his degree in textile conservation in one bonnet as being very similar to work car- Canada, was extremely generous in his ried out on that particular island. The advice on how to conserve textiles within the women’s visit was organised with the co- home. He brought along some beautiful operation of QAG staff members, Glenn examples of conserved items woven by his Cooke, Shirley Everett and Wendy mother, on the island of Kythera. Mourilyan, who made everyone feel very The two-days have generated interest, both welcome. The afternoon’s visit was rounded amongst heritage institutions (including the off with cups of tea and coffee in the meeting Queensland Museum which has expressed room set aside for the Friends of the Queens- an interest in working with the women to land Art Gallery, with visitors providing plat- form a collection of Greek embroideries), ters of baklava and kourambiethes. and other women’s groups within a number A week after the visit, a one-day show and of ethnic communities. In her capacity as tell was held at the hall of the Church of the Senior Vice President of the Ethnic Commu- Dormition of the Theotokos, Mt Gravatt. A nities Council of Queensland, Mrs Irene number of women from Brisbane parishes Cayas conveyed to the Council details of the and community associations met together to women’s activities. Other representatives on share stories and to show each other treasures the Council requested that events be organ- from their own, or their mother’s or grand- ised in the future between the Greek women mother’s dowries. There were many exam- and ladies from other ethnic communities, ples, from a magnificent blue silk bedspread, along similar lines to the first embroidery with peacocks embroidered in couched gold show and tell day. thread, to cotton pantaloons and chemises, The Brisbane women’s initiatives are being and schoolgirls’ embroidered samples. The followed closely in some other Australian (02) day was organised by Mrs Irene Cayas, Vice cities and towns. In Sydney, especially, there President of the Ladies Auxiliary, at the sug- is particular interest amongst Greek-Aus- gestion of Mrs Helen Passaris, and forms tralians who have long been concerned about part of an ongoing discussion on the conser- the lack of presence within the public muse- vation of these very valuable heritage items. um collections and exhibits of NESB com- Guest speakers on the day were Ann Coward munities. SEPTEMBER 2004 8/26 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Windows to Orthodoxy SIN: MISSING THE MARK OF GOD’S ORIGINAL PLAN FOR HUMANKIND (Part II) should the sin of Adam and Eve affect subsequent generations through one man, and death came through since they did not take part in Adam’s particular sin? This type sin, and so death spread to all because all What is sin? How does it work? Did God create it? What is of question has to do with the transmission of sin. At least two have sinned [åö’ þ ðÜíôåò Þìáñôïí].” (Rom. ‘original’ sin? How does ‘original’ sin affect us since we did answers can be given to this problematic. The first has to do 5:12) not take part in it? How does it come down through the gener- with the relational or communal character of existence imply- The difficulty of the passage, which has formed the basis of the ations? It is these questions that the following two articles of ing that a person’s actions has consequences on all around. Sec- Church’s teaching on ‘original sin’ lies in the last four words of VEMA seek to reflect upon. ondly different Christian denominations have traditionally Paul’s phrase. The reason for this is that these words “åö’ þ based their answer on how sin is transmitted throughout histo- ðÜíôåò Þìáñôïí” can be interpreted in at least three different Sin in St Paul ry on Romans 5:12, a particularly difficult verse from St Paul. ways. These are as follows: 1) in whom all have sinned; 2) No theology of sin and indeed ‘original sin’ would be whole It is to these two areas that we now turn our attention. because all have sinned and 3) because of death all have sinned. without a reflection of the reality of sin as it is depicted by St And these diverse readings give different understandings of Paul particularly in his letter to the Romans. Now, in the Relational Existence how sin is transmitted. Gospels, even though the sin of Adam (ie the ancestral sin) is The first point, which must be mentioned is that since human persons are relational beings, this implies that all subsequent Firstly, the West, based on Jerome’s Vulgate, translated the dif- not mentioned explicitly it is definitely presumed in that Jesus 2 is depicted beginning his earthly ministry with a call to repen- generations are affected by the sin of Adam. Since all human ficult Greek phrase as “in whom all have sinned” which led tance for the sake of the immanent kingdom. Repentance persons and indeed the entire created realm is organically to the belief that Adam’s sin was passed onto future generations implies a ‘change of mind’ (meta-noia) where one chooses to linked, then the actions of one person affect the environment at and that human persons today carry this sin of Adam. This gave forego a sinful way of life in favour of a life in Christ. St Paul large. Therefore being communal in being, human persons, in rise to the belief that human beings throughout the centuries on the other hand, in his letter to the Romans deals with the per- the fall, caused the reality of sin to become universal. Except have inherited the sin of Adam and therefore are guilty in that vasive subject of sin in a systematic way. Not only does he suc- for Jesus, no person lived on earth without falling into sin. Just they share in his sin as they share in his nature. Whereas the cinctly describe the reason for sin in chapter one in terms of as no person is saved alone so too no one sins alone. One of the Orthodox Christian tradition would claim that the world today people’s refusal to offer glory and thanksgiving to God1 – that greatest myths of society today is the belief that human beings shares in the effects of the sin of Adam which was death, this is humanity’s denial to remain in communion with God – but are independent from one another. Rather the truth lies in the understanding believes that human persons share in the sin of also lists the effects of sin in the world today. Written some two fact that they are interdependent and cannot exist isolated. A Adam directly. The consequences of such an doctrine is that thousand years ago, St Paul’s words still echo true in society person is not an arithmetic unit or an entity within itself. The God is seen to punish subsequent generations unjustly since He today. In a very long passage yet one worthy of quoting in full, word ‘person’ comes from the Greek word ‘prosopon’ – the judges them not on their actions but on the deeds of Adam. St Paul describes the reality and results of sin in the following prefix (pros) means – to, or towards, and the noun (opsis), way: means “look”, “eye”, or “face”. A person can only be known A second rendering of this difficult phrase and one espoused by “for though they knew God, they did not in a direct, personal encounter of immediacy with another per- most scholars today is to translate this verse not as “in whom honour him as God or give thanks to him, son. The sin of the primordial couple is clearly related to all all have sinned” but as “because all have sinned”. Such an but they became futile in their thinking, and persons, indeed the entire created realm, just as the salvation of understanding implies that human persons today have not their senseless minds were darkened. Christ touches all people and all created things. Yet whilst inherited Adam’s transgression or guilt but rather that they have Claiming to be wise, they became fools; and affirming the extensive or universal consequences of Adam’s replicated it in their lives by sinning themselves. Simply put, in they exchanged the glory of the immortal disobedience on all the world thereafter, the Orthodox Christ- this understanding, Adam sinned causing death which inturn God for images resembling a mortal human ian tradition does not speak of any inherited culpability. From caused a likely propensity on the part of human persons to sin being or birds or four-footed animals or the time of the ancestral fall, the Orthodox tradition teaches that themselves. This subtle difference makes each person respon- reptiles. Therefore God gave them up in the human persons inevitably have a strong propensity towards sin. sible for their sin and consequently takes away any inherited lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the That is to say, human persons do not inherit Adam’s guilt or sin notions of culpability. In agreement with this view, St Mark the automatically; yet they do so in so far as they too freely choose Monk affirmed: “When evil thoughts become active within degrading of their bodies among them- 3 selves, because they exchanged the truth to imitate the ways of the primordial couple. Since the image us, we should blame ourselves and not ancestral sin.” about God for a lie and worshiped and of God within human persons was distorted by sin but not total- Understood in this way, Adam’s sin is not passed down to served the creature rather than the Creator, ly destroyed, they were still capable of doing good. However human persons today causing them to sin. Rather Adam’s sin is who is blessed forever! Amen. For this rea- this is not to overlook the reality that humanity’s loss of com- a prototype of all future sin in the world and therefore all peo- son God gave them up to degrading pas- munion with God did in fact set up a barrier which could only ple are responsible for their own sin. sions. Their women exchanged natural be overcome by the gift of Christ’s way of life offered to the There is yet a third reading of the text which takes the Greek intercourse for unnatural and in the same entire world with his incarnation, life, death and resurrection. A words usually translated as “because all have sinned” to mean way also the men, giving up natural inter- close study on Romans 5 verse 12 will shed further light on the “because of death all have sinned.”4 In this case, the relative course with women, were consumed with Orthodox doctrine on the transmission of ‘original sin’. pronoun, åö’ þ is taken to be masculine, as was the case in the passion for one another. Men committed first interpretation, but in this case it does not relate back to shameless acts with men and received in A Case Study of Rom 5:12 Adam but rather to the word “death”. Grammatically speaking, their own persons the due penalty for their A Scriptural text which has played a key role in discussions on it makes more sense to have the relative pronoun relate back to error. And since they did not see fit to ‘original’ sin throughout the history of the Church and even up the word “death” since it is this word which immediately pre- acknowledge God, God gave them up to a to this day, is a verse in St Paul’s letter to the Romans: cedes and substantiates the phrase in question. Understood in debased mind and to things that should not “Therefore, just as sin came into the world be done. They were filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, covetousness, malice. Full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, craftiness, they are gossips, slanderers, God-haters, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, Questions & Answers rebellious toward parents, foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless. They know God’s decree, that those who practice such things What was the original Christian Commu- They are and always be an example and inspiration for deserve to die - yet they not only do them nity like? Christians of every place and time. To read their story, turn but even applaud others who practice Q to the book of Acts of the Apostles in your New Testament them.” (Rom 1:21-32). Fortunately, we have a first hand account of the and read the first seven chapters for the background of Further to the universal reality of sin, St Paul also describes, in life of the original Christian Community. The what is summarized above. You will find it a fascinating very personal terms, his own reality of sin in a very moving A first Christian lived in Jerusalem ans sought to story. passage in Romans 7: share as much as possible all aspects of their *** “but I see in my members another law at lives. They shared meals together, meeting in one place, war with the law of my mind, making me From the Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and Answers, with all contributing toward the provision of the meals. by Stanley S. Harakas, published by Light and Life. captive to the law of sin that dwells in my They worshipped together, receiving Holy Communion at If you have any questions about the Orthodox faith members.” (Rom. 7:23) every celebration of the Eucharist (Divine Liturgy). They which you would like answered in the VEMA, send Due to sin at work within them, human beings, like Paul, find showed concern for the poor and widows. During this peri- them to it hard to do what is good, and easier to separate themselves od, we also see that some, such as Ananians and Sapphira, from life. Not only can all human persons identify with St his wife, were not as faithful and true as they should be, but Vema -Q.&A., Paul’s reality of sin on a personal level, but his remarks affirm that the Church maintained strong moral and spiritual stan- P.O.Box M59 Marrickville South, the universal nature of sin as well. dards. We also learn how the Church, under the guidance NSW 2204 and direction of the Apostles, adapted its organisation and or e-mail them to: From all that has been said thus far on the reality of sin as por- institutional structure to practical needs. The first Chris- trayed by St Paul, a question, which justifiably arises is why tians, in general, were committed, faithful and dedicated. [email protected] SEPTEMBER 2004 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 9/27 Windows to Orthodoxy

Cont. from previous page leads to justification and life secution. But take courage; All human beings are born into a world subject for all. For just as by the one I have conquered the this way, it is the cosmic reality of death which to death caused by humanity’s refusal to share man’s disobedience the world!” (Jn 16:33). explains the reality of sin in the world and not in the real life of God by being in communion many were made sinners, so In fact the entire Old Testament Scriptures the other way around. In other words, this sub- with Him. Instead of a life of immortality, by the one man’s obedience which is nothing other than God’s increasing tle yet profound saving truth affirms that incorruptibility realised in communion or in a the many will be made communion with the world in the covenant human persons sin or break communion with loving relationship with God, humankind righteous. But law came in, that He initiates with Abraham, Isaac and God because of the reality of death and not that believed that life could be realised outside of with the result that the tres- Jacob will find its ultimate purpose in the birth, human persons are punished to death because God’s life and this caused death. God’s com- pass multiplied; but where life, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension and they have sinned. Therefore the verse could mandment not to eat of the fruit of knowledge sin increased, grace abound- ultimate glorification of God’s only begotten read in the following way: of good and evil was not a law given by God ed all the more, so that, just Son, Jesus Christ the Messiah. It will be He “Therefore, just as sin came to Adam and Eve, which if they broke would as sin exercised dominion in who will come to save the entire world from into the world through one bring about their punishment in order to satis- death, so grace might also their sin thereby granting them the possibility man, and death came fy God’s wrath. Rather, in these words God exercise dominion through once again of eternal life. through sin, and so death simply made a statement – that life exists in justification leading to eter- spread to all; because of communion with Him and outside of Him nal life through Jesus Christ Philip Kariatlis death all have sinned” (Rom. there is death. By eating of the fruit of the tree, our Lord” (Rom 5:18-21). Academic Secretary and Associate Lecturer 5:12) God was declaring that this would remove the In this case the inheritance of the Fall is seen St Andrew’s Greek Orthodox From this understanding, the Eastern Ortho- presuppositions of life and lead to death. In as an inheritance of mortality rather than of Theological College dox tradition would claim that it is not the sin eating of the tree, Adam and Eve were in fact sinfulness. of Adam which is propagated to future gener- attempting to realise “life” in a way which 1 Cf Rom 1:21. 5 2 The form åö’ þ is a contraction of the preposition ations as St Ambrose and Augustine believed does not constitute God’s communal and lov- Concluding Remarks “åðß” (literally meaning upon) with the relative pronoun but the reality of death. And because of death ing way of life. Therefore it is death which ren- From the above it was shown that in the entire “þ” (meaning which). If the pronoun is believed to be in human beings personally sin as well. In con- ders sin inevitable in so far as in one’s struggle adventure of life God does not intervene to the masculine form, then the antecedent of the relative trast to Augustine’s view St John Chrysostom for life there is prevalent an overwhelming remove the result of Adam’s use of free choice pronoun is Adam. This therefore justifies the belief that wrote: pressure to sin in order to survive. It would be since this would remove the way of life feely original sin has been inherited from Adam. 3 On Those Who Think That They Are Righteous By “With Adam’s guilt, also Christ as the second Adam, in his obedience to chosen by Adam. Rather as we shall see God Works, 120. those who did not eat from the Father, who would come to reverse the will intervene to transform this self-afflicted 4 See J. Meyendorff, Byzantine Theology: Historical the tree became all mortals, reign of sin in death and bestow eternal life punishment into a salvific opportunity for rela- Trends and Doctrinal Themes (NY: Fordham University coming from Adam.”6 through grace: tionship or communion with God, which is Press, 1987). 5 For example St Ambrose says: “We all sinned in the And thus the human person could not be liber- “Therefore just as one nothing other than a restoration of the world to first man, and by natural inheritance an inheritance of ated from the predicament of death except by man’s trespass led to con- eternal life. Jesus Christ God would make pos- guilt has been transferred from on man unto all…. Adam the grace of God who by his Son’s incarnation demnation for all, so one sible this transformation from death into life was in each of us: for in him nature sinned, because we have the culmination of our salvation. man’s act of righteousness again without eliminating human freedom. For through one man sin passed over into all.” (Expositio this reason in this continual state of tension the Evangelii secundum Lucum, 7, 234, quoted by H. Betten- son, The Later Fathers, 177. anticipated Messiah will come and assure the 6 Epistle to the Romans, 10. PG 60: 474-75. world saying: Koutsogiannis family provide enormous “In the world you face per- support to Cure Cancer Australia

Mrs Irene Koutsogiannis, a member of All funds raised by the Koutsogiannis fam- the Greek community in Western Sydney, ily - or any one else - are directed to support- has been providing enormous support to ing the critical early work of brilliant investi- Cure Cancer Australia. gators searching for cures for cancers. Cure Cancer Australia’s vision is a world Mrs Koutsogiannis and her family grow without cancer, nothing less. Cure Cancer plants for sale and give the profits to the Australia is very grateful for this community Foundation. Irene has also successfully col- level support - on which it depends. lected donations for the Foundation, in par- The Foundation encourages anyone who ticular from members of the Greek Churches has been touched by cancer to help it support at Rookwood, St Mary’s and Springwood. the work of its brilliant young researchers. SEPTEMBER 2004 10/28 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA SEPTEMBER 2004 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 11/29 SEPTEMBER 2004 12/30 TO BHMA Greek Australian VEMA

GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA ST ANDREW’S GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE

ENQUIRIES AND APPLICATIONS WELCOME MASTER OF ARTS IN THEOLOGICAL STUDIES qualification in pastoral care, although the sequence of This is a graduate level program intended for both men and assigned units will be distinct for each category of student. St Andrew’s was established in 1986 by the Greek Orthodox women who wish to prepare themselves for church service Applicants who possess a previous three-year degree or its Archdiocese of Australia in order to provide tertiary level outside the ordained ministry in such fields as religious edu- equivalent are eligible for admission. There are several entry education and training of Christian Orthodox clergy, theolo- cation, or who would benefit professionally from a formal and exit points for students, and each is appropriate to the gians, lay teachers and ministers in order to meet the cate- qualification in theological studies. It is also appropriate for needs, interests, prior study and academic abilities of the stu- chetical and pastoral needs of the Orthodox Church in those seeking personal enrichment. Men or women who hold dent. The program of studies is also open to those who have Australia. It is also intended to be a centre of ecumenical a three-year tertiary qualification in a non-theological disci- completed an undergraduate degree in theology but with a scholarship and learning. pline can formally enrol into this program. weak or minimal pastoral component.

St Andrew’s is fully accredited through the Sydney College of The MATS program requires the completion of 12 units. BASIC CLINICAL PASTORAL EDUCATION (CPE) Divinity, a federation of Christian theological education However, students may exit with a Graduate Diploma of Arts IN AGED CARE providers. All the awards and degrees of the Sydney College in Theological Studies (8 units) or a Graduate Certificate in This unique 30-week/400-hour course offers male and female of Divinity are approved by the NSW Department of Theological Studies (4 units). trainees the opportunity to learn from their own pastoral inter- Education and Training. actions with residents in an aged care setting (St Basil’s Units within the MATS are available to external non-award Homes, Lakemba NSW), using the action-reflection method St Andrew’s offers the following accredited awards: students and auditors. Auditors may receive a College of supervised pastoral training under the guidance and Testamur after satisfactorily participating in four foundation- instruction of CPE accredited mentors. It is offered through BACHELOR OF THEOLOGY and HONOURS al units. the Rozelle Centre for Clinical Pastoral Education and com- The BTh degree is a primary qualification in theology and is prises shorter CPE courses situated at Canterbury Hospital the basis for further study at postgraduate level. It is a com- Units are offered by one-week intensives during summer and and the Royal Rehabilitation Centre, Ryde. prehensive three-year course combining both theological and winter school holidays as well as by regular weekly lectures practical studies. during each semester. The schedule of intensives for 2005 is MASTER OF THEOLOGY as follows: The Sacred Arts through the Liturgical Year (10- The MTh is a degree by coursework. Eligible students may At present, the BTh serves as the principle means of training 14 Jan) Looking Beyond Division: An Introduction to undertake this award after the completion of the BTh. At pre- men for ordination or active ministry within the Church and Ecumenical Studies (17-22 Jan) Exploring the Patristic Mind: sent, St Andrew’s only offers units within the specialisation as such admission to this program is limited to persons aspir- An Introduction to Patristic Studies (4-8 July) Early area of Theology. ing to this end. Such persons are also expected to complete a Christianity (11-15 July). fourth year of study in either the Master of Arts in Pastoral St Andrew’s is located at 242 Cleveland Street, Redfern NSW. Ministry program (see below) or the BTh Honours program MASTER OF ARTS IN PASTORAL MINISTRY Persons interested in obtaining more information about any as part of their overall education and training. The MAPM is a specialised program of graduate level study of the programs outlined above are invited to contact the in preparation for ordination or active ministry within the Registrar via email at [email protected] or by phone Discreet units within the BTh may be available to external Church, especially in the area of pastoral care for the aged. Its on (02) 9319 6145 during office hours. The College’s website non-award students and auditors upon consultation with the program of study is broad enough to serve both candidates for is located as www.sagotc.orthodox.nsw.edu.au. Registrar. the priesthood as well as men and women seeking a formal Tasos Kalogerakis

College Library Intensive course July 2004 SEPTEMBER 2004 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 13/31

HEALTH Asthma asthma symptoms. Certain foods and food ally given by inhalers or puffers. More severe NEWS additives can also be trigger factors for asth- episodes may require the use of steroid drugs. BE ACTIVE WITH ASTHMA ma. Preventing asthma is an important part of WITH DR. THEO PENKLIS Dairy foods have often been suggested as a managing asthma. Having asthma should not hinder a person common trigger for asthma. However, recent A preventer is a medicine which helps con- from exercise. People who have asthma do not scientific evidence suggests that this is not the trol the inflammation in the airways. have to stop exercising. Indeed children and Well Spring has arrived and the National case, and a study in over three thousand pre- A symptom controller can be used in combi- adults with asthma should be encouraged to Asthma Week (1st -7th September 2004) has school children found that those who con- nation with a preventer to further reduce the exercise to achieve fitness goals. When exer- just passed, but throughout the month of Sep- sumed regular varieties of dairy products each symptoms of asthma. Preventer medicine cising, it is important to remember to use the tember, The Asthma Foundation is encourag- day had a significant lower rate of asthma helps reduce the inflammation in the airway blue reliever medication five to ten minutes ing people to SPRING INTO ACTION by symptoms. caused by asthma. It works by making the air- before warming up and spend 15 minutes asking them to: There is an association between some med- ways less sensitive to things that trigger asth- doing light exercise or stretching before get- 4 ‘BE ACTIVE WITH ASTHMA’ ical conditions. Asthma is more common in ma. The preventer reduces the swelling in the ting really active. 4 ‘FIND OUT THE ASTHMA TRIG- people who have hay fever and eczema. airway and decreases the production of GERS’ Many medications are well known as asth- mucous. We now recognise that the preventer KNOW YOUR TRIGGERS WHAT IS ASTHMA ma triggers. Aspirin and anti-inflammatory medicine treats the cause of the asthma, not medication used to treat arthritis and some just the symptoms. In asthma management it is essential to Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the beta-blockers used to treat migraines, high A symptom controller will relax the tight- recognise what triggers an individual’s asth- lungs and air passages. The air passages blood pressure, heart conditions and ened airway muscles. However, while a ma, to monitor the symptoms, to be reassessed become sensitive to certain triggers and cause glaucoma may cause asthma. An important reliever will only work for around 4-6 hours, by the doctor regularly so your doctor can tai- narrowing, making it difficult to breathe. part of asthma management is to avoid such symptom controllers can control the symp- lor your asthma management programme. In Australia, asthma affects over two million trigger factors. toms for double this length of time. people and there is evidence that the preva- The common symptoms of asthma are Most asthma medications are delivered by LIVE WELL WITH ASTHMA lence and severity is increasing particularly in wheeze (a whistling sound in the chest), short- inhaler. It is very important that a person with children . It is thought that 1 in 5 children have ness of breath, a tight feeling in the chest, asthma learns to use an inhaler effectively. It is To live well with asthma, one needs to: asthma. cough and production of sputum. These symp- critical that the person with asthma learns to 4 Find out what triggers one’s asthma toms are due to the difficulty of the air passing activate the inhaler at the moment of taking a 4 Always carry the reliever medication WHAT CAUSES ASTHMA? through the narrow inflamed airways. The deep breath so the fine particles get deep into 4 Be active and exercise cough may be worse at night or during exer- the lungs. It is now believed that ‘spacers’ 4 Make your car, home and workplace There is no known cause for asthma, but cer- cise and in children can be a persisting cough. have revolutionised asthma treatment. A spac- smoke-free. tain trigger factors may initiate an episode of er is a large plastic container into which the 4 Speak with your doctor about your asth- asthma. Trigger factors include: exercise, cig- ASTHMA MANAGEMENT inhalers fit into one end and are ‘fired’ into the ma arette smoke, coughing, laughing, deep spacer. At the other end is a one way valve, 4 Use your preventer medicine as prescri- breathing, change in temperature and infec- The management of asthma depends on the allowing the user to breathe the contents. bed by your doctor. tions. severity of asthma. Essentially asthma man- We do not have a cure for asthma! But we Other trigger factors include: some chemi- agement is divided into treating an acute can control the underlying inflammation of the cals such as paint, fumes and perfume. Certain episode or prevention of episodes. airways and reduce the symptoms of asthma. * The information given in this article is of a gen- allergens, which are substances that may cause Treating an acute episode of asthma involves The medications we have today are very effec- eral nature and readers should seek advice from an allergic reaction; such as pollen, dust mites, using drugs known as bronchodilators. These tive, but will only work if taken as prescribed their own medical practitioner before embarking on moulds and animal fur may trigger asthma or drugs are also called relievers. These are usu- and taken correctly. any treatment.

NSW SEPTEMBER 2004 14/32 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Book reviews OLYMPIC GAMES: ETERNAL MESSAGES FOR THE MODERN WORLD For the Anastassios Matsopoulos Throw wreaths of fadeless flowers bibliophiles... ISBN 960-92340-0-03 to the victors In the race and in the strife! After many years and attempts the Create in our breasts hearts of steel! Athens Olympic Games returned to Greece and in In thy light, plains,mountains and seas the process showed the value of the Hellenic Shine in a roseate hue and form a vast temple Past and Present ideals and traditions to the whole world. To which all nations throng to adore thee, By Emanuele Greco (Vision, 2004) O immortal spirit of antiquity! As the Kathimerini newspaper, so rightly A Frommer’s publication, it is subtitled: pointed out, the opening pageant was a chance Do not expect to find a detailed lifeless his- “Guide with Reconstructions, Ancient for the world to see itself and its origins. Yet, tory of the Olympic Games in this book or a Athens, Cape Sounion, Aegina, and paradoxically those of Greek descent in the listing of records, events and dates. Olympia. Past and present.” Diaspora may justifiably know little about the This book brings a different aspect of the This small spiral-bound book is chock- spirit and meaning of the Olympics. Olympics to life in each of its short chapters. ablock full of historical details. This The short book ‘Olympic Games. Eternal Unlike most books you do not even need to doesn’t make for easy reading, but whets Messages for the Modern World’ by Anastas- read the book from cover to cover to benefit. the appetite for more. sios Matsopoulos provides a readable intro- Select any chapter; start where you wish. Of most interest are the colour pho- duction to the nature and spirit of the Olympic Be warned, however, that this book is about tographs of ruins, overlaid with illustra- Games. ideals, ethics and ways of living. The tions of how the monuments once looked. Professor Matsopoulos dedicated this book Olympics is used as a framework for spread- It’s not a substitute for a travel guide, but to those who believe and promote the Olympic ing ideas and thoughts. definitely worth looking at. ideals and he opened the text with the symbol- There are chapters on peace and unity, on ic and meaningful Olympic anthem written by participation being more important than victo- It’s All Greek to Me! the national poet Costis Palamas: ry (if only some prominent Greek athletes had A Tale of a Mad Dog noted this). getting a mention in its 21 chapters and 93 and an Englishman, Immortal spirit of antiquity, You will read about patience, persistence pages. Ruins, Retsina - and Real Father of the true, beautiful and good, and discipline, about body and mind, truth and I recommend this book to a wide audience. Descend, appear, shed over us thy light wisdom. These are not dry accounts but vivid Readers of the VEMA are alerted to the fact Greeks Upon this ground and under the sky ideas derived from our Greek heritage. that there is little mention of religion or our By John Mole (Nicholas Brealey Which has first witnessed At the same time, this book is also modern Orthodox faith which acted as the catalyst for Publishing, 2004) thy unperishable fame with chapters on terrorism and globalisation, the maintenance of modern Hellenism. Of Give life and animation to those noble games. volunteerism, culture and the Paralympics all course, this may not have been possible or When writers attempt to be humorous it intended within the limitation of some 90 can be risky. They may be misunder- pages. stood, or simply fail to amuse. Mole Otherwise you will find a useful and helpful avoided these traps, but his determination introduction to the Olympics that will help you to be funny is slightly irritating initially. think meaningfully about the Olympics and After a few chapters, though, his style will help you to speak authoritatively to others becomes familiar and the book starts to on this topic. grow on you. The tale, simply told, makes In Australia (especially Sydney) more so for enjoyable, and very light, reading. than in many other nations, we looked forward with underlying anxiety to the staging of the Mediterranean Olympics in Athens and throughout this Kitchen process we bore the brunt of many jokes and Vivien Valk (Murdoch Books, 2004) much ridicule until that spectacular opening when all the critics were silenced. The photos are great, and the format We were reminded of our past and who we slightly unusual. Ingredients are pho- are and from where we came. We realized in tographed in colour, and there is a recipe awe that we developed in the image of our eth- for each. Historical notes are given, as nic archetype. well as information on buying, storing, I encourage you to read this book that deals etc. with the significance of these origins and The recipes are a mixture of traditional which also glorifies the same ideals. and modern, so while there are the usual Copies of the text are available from the standbys such as tzatziki, and pastitsio, author, Professor Anastassios Matsopoulos, 10 there are also instructions for figs in Dechiostak Street 74100 Rethimnon, Crete, honey syrup, quince paste, poached pears Greece or Department of Paedagogy, Univer- in saffron citrus syrup, and peach and sity of Crete, Perivolia, Rethimnon, Crete, campari sorbet. Greece. If you’re not licking your lips by now, this book is not for you! James A Athanasou University of Technology, Sydney A.C.

The Greek Australian VEMA is now on the net

Visit us at www.tovema.com.au SEPTEMBER 2004 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 15/33

SCIENCE AND RELIGION The Central Youth Committee of ing to which natural sciences are use- The investigation of nature aided by in character, able to be divinised by topics. On behalf of the CYC of SA South Australia has launched a series ful tools to Christian theology and the faith was perceived in the East as grace, the uncreated energy coming we thank Fr Constantin Iana for the of talks based on the Orthodox Faith Church. conducive to belief in God, and the from the Holy Spirit. talk, Fr John Psalios and the Greek entitled Orthodox Discussion Ses- Beginning with the 17th century it contemplation of the divine reasons After the talk there were questions Orthodox Philoptohos of St Spyridon sions. Fr Constantin Iana spoke as was argued that if the knowledge of in the creation was seen as a neces- raised dealing with the moral and eth- for all their help and who kindly pre- guest speaker in the ongoing series, the universe did not help our partici- sary step towards man’s union with ical stance of the Orthodox Church pared food and beverages in the and his topic was Science and Reli- pation in the Divine, then should be a God. Through the incarnation of the with regards to ‘modern science’. It adjoining hall for all to enjoy. gion. The talk was held at St Spyri- divorce between natural sciences and Divine Logos, human nature and the was suggested that in the future there don Parish on Wednesday the 25th of theology. entire universe become sacramental would be further discussion on these Kosmas Damianides August 2004. Fr. Constantin Iana is a retired Priest of the Romanian Orthodox Church. He was born in Romania, where after finishing primary school, he attended the Theological Seminary for five years, then studied Theology at the Bucharest Theological Institute for four years, followed by six years of post-graduate studies in Romania and France, specializing in Patristics. In 1970 he was appointed Secretary and Head of Cultural Affairs at the Arch- diocese of Oltenia, and worked in this capacity for three years. In 1973 Fr. Constantin was ordained as a Deacon and posted to Sts. Peter and Paul Romanian Orthodox Parish in Mel- bourne. In July 1974 he was ordained as a Priest and appointed to St. Nicholas’ Romanian Orthodox Parish in Adelaide, where he served until his retirement in September 2002. Fr Constantin began his talk by u defining and clarifying the terms ‘sci- u ence’ and ‘religion’. He pointed out that in the modern acceptation of the u word, ‘science’ is used in a limited way, being applied exclusively to the knowledge acquired from the Latin ‘scientia’ (knowledge), but no one can argue that at any given point in time researchers and scientists have a complete knowledge of the matter they investigate. Perhaps a more accurate name for any branch of human knowledge would be that of ‘discipline’, from the Latin ‘disco’ (I learn), which could better describe the relativity of the so-called ‘scien- tific truth’. Fr Constantin Iana u explained that Science should be u expanded to include the totality of u human knowledge. On the contrary, when speaking about religion, Fr Constantin explained, it is absolutely necessary to indicate precisely to which area of religious belief one is referring, as there are widely different interpreta- tions between religions and even between different branches of Chris- tianity. In the second part of his talk Father Constantin presented a historical overview of science and religion in Antiquity. The Church Fathers retained not only the philosophical achievements compatible with the Gospel, but also its methodology, appreciating pre-Christian philoso- u phy as preparatory for the Gospel. u Later the rapprochement of Chris- u tianity and ancient philosophy was continued by Christianizing the latter. In the Latin West the role of Greek philosophy in the life of the Church started to be estimated more positive- ly beginning with Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, who developed the so- called ‘handmaiden’formula, accord- SEPTEMBER 2004 16/34 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Travel Beauty behind the ordinary: Scaling Corinth’s mythical peaks

A little imagination brings to life the vivid history and fantasy behind the old city straddling the Peloponnese and Attica

DIANA FARR LOUIS

The Isthmus of Corinth

In 1947 Osbert Lancaster wrote: “The Isth- mus of Corinth is one of the dreariest stretch- es of country in Greece.” And that was before highways, factories, petrol stations and facto- ry-sized cafes obliterated any trace of scenery. As we hurtle by Corinth on the way to Patras or Tripoli, the blur of flat-roofed greyish-white buildings crammed against the Gulf holds no promise worth a detour. The only landmark we might half glance at is the crenellated rock of the High City, Acrocorinth, but on we rush.

Acrocorinth’s legacy The Isthmus gave Corinth power for at least three decades Acrocorinth initially belonged to Helios, the sun god, who gave it to Aphrodite

Thousands of years ago, however, if we hap- pass through three gates to enter the citadel. the Seven Sages and built the diolkos, or tain, bounded to the north, west and south by pened to look up as we crossed over the Isth- The first gate was built by the Turks, the sec- paved slipway, by which boats could be the remains of arcades that housed dozens of mus to Pelops’ Island, we might have seen ond is part-Frankish with Venetian reinforce- dragged across the Isthmus from the Saronic shops, mostly taverns judging from the incred- Pegasus rising from its craggy summit. ments, while the huge blocks in the third are to Corinthian Gulf and vice versa. But by the ible amount of drinking vessels found in their Bellerophon, a son of Poseidon who’d been unmistakeably ancient Greek. Inside, piles of mid 5th century BC being midway between wells and rubble. Most of them were of two adopted by King Glaukos of Corinth, found rubble poking through the yellow mustard and Sparta and Athens was less than desirable, and storeys and might have been used as hostels; a him grazing there, a gift from his godfather, white pear blossom hint at just how densely the city was squashed by both belligerents. few vaulted roofs can still be seen. and with some help from Athena he managed this place was inhabited from Byzantine Nevertheless, trade continued and so must The site is criss-crossed with drains and to tame the winged stallion. Corinthos - any through Ottoman times. have debauchery, because that’s what is left of pipes; the Romans were nothing if not excel- name ending in “inthos” is pre-Greek - was There are shells of churches with ogival arch- Corinth’s reputation. lent plumbers. Here and there are weathered founded by his grandfather Sisyphus, whose es and domed mosques with truncated Still, it must have been fun. You could watch statues with pleated togas and column capitals, wiliness makes Odysseus look like a boy minarets, but not a whiff of perfume nor a mar- gladiators fighting lions in the odeon, mock the majority with the acanthus leaves that were scout. ble couch to conjure up the atmosphere of sea-battles raging in the theatre, and all those the city’s trademark. And smack dab in the Albert Camus thought he must have been what must have been a vast bordello. beautiful women adding spice to every event. middle of the forum is the Bema, a large ros- happy in Hades, at least he had a job to do, but The city proper lay directly below, some dis- When Pausanias was writing his travelogue in trum, where it is thought the Roman consul the ancients viewed his eternal boulder-push- tance from the sea and a few kilometres from the late 2nd century AD, among the first things Gallio told the amassed crowds that he had no ing as an example of the worst possible fate. the modern town, which didn’t exist until the he noticed was a statue, not of a deity or dis- intention of prosecuting (St) Paul as some of Sisyphus lost Zeus’ favour when he was 1850s. The ruins, which the American School tinguished statesman but of the most famous the Jewish population were begging him to do. strolling on the heights of Acrocorinth one day has been excavating since 1896, are essential- courtesan, Lais, which shows where Corinthi- St Paul spent 18 months in Corinth, trying to and just happened to see the father of gods and ly Roman, because General Mummius razed it an priorities really lay, even after the Romans convert the townspeople to Christianity. men flying by with a nymph named Aigina in to the ground in 146 BC, when its people resettled it under Augustus. After his case was dismissed, he left for Eph- his embrace. shouted their preference for independence Another landmark was Glauke’s fountain, esus and from there wrote his two famous Let- And of course, he saw where they landed, rather than Roman rule. The only building he and that is the first monument we see even ters to the Corinthians, the first of which has because then as now from Acrocorinth you left standing was the stolid, Doric temple of before entering the site. Glauke threw herself more memorable quotes than the rest of his can see forever (on a clear day). When her Apollo, which still has seven columns into its waters after donning the poisoned robe Epistles combined. It is ironic that his famous father, Asopos the river god, passed through in unbudged by earthquake or invader. He even Medea had sent as a wedding gift to spite her passage on love (mistranslated charity in the search, Sisyphus offered to trade his secret for demolished the South Stoa, the longest colon- erstwhile lover Jason, but nothing could stop King James version) and his caution, “It is bet- a spring that would never run dry. And so the nade in ancient Greece, and made off with its burning. ter to marry than to burn”, should have been Gibraltar-like rock received its water, and countless statues that now grace Italian muse- The Corinthians thereupon stoned Medea’s addressed to them. Sisyphus - much later - his punishment. ums. children, who had brought the robe, and a For with a thousand courtesans in residence It was said that Acrocorinth initially belonged shrine to them was erected nearby in penance, there is no indication that anyone was burning to Helios, the sun god, who gave it to though that has disappeared. (It seems Euripi- with frustration. Instead, judging from the Aphrodite. Medea had the first temple to her The ancient Isthmus des bent the myth to forge a better tragedy.) number of genitals among the terracotta votive built there and centuries later, when Corinth The fountain today looks like a misshapen offerings on display in the museum, and espe- was the richest city in Greece, Aphrodite had a Controlling all traffic over the Isthmus, cube and it’s hard to see where the water cially in the locked room with finds from the thousand handmaidens serving her and mak- Corinth was a power for at least three centuries would have been. A much finer example of Asklepion, they may have been itching with ing thousands more sailors and travelling before Athens started to look westward. She Roman fountain art is Peirene. venereal disease. Poor Paul really had his salesmen happy in the name of love. founded colonies in Sicily and Corfu, dis- work cut out for him. There are no traces of Mycenaean occupation patched ships loaded with scented oils and fine Corinth’s forum on this wonderfully fortified rock, but there are pottery to Spain, the Black Sea, Egypt and * Excerpt from ‘Athens and beyond: 30 Day Trips many reminders of later residents. You have to Phoenicia, and may have invented the trireme. The Corinth forum is a spacious area, below & Weekends’, published by ‘Athens News’, 2003 climb up three stretches of loose cobbling and Its most famous ruler, Periander, was one of Apollo’s temple and above the Peirene foun- ATHENS NEWS , 28/08/2004

rooms, is set in 61 hectares of parkland. inal culture. The Illawarra Folk Festival at Jamberoo Travel news in brief It is one of ten Grandes Etapes Chateaux They visit the Muru Mittigar Aboriginal Cul- NSW presents a program of dance, song, If you plan to visit the French countryside, available throughout France. tural and Education Centre near Penrith NSW poetry, food, drink and more between Sep- where to stay but in a castle? Historic old From November until the end of next and take a tour of the cultural museum, take a tember 15-19. chateaux such as Chambord and March, French Travel Connection is offer- nature walk, listen to a didgeridoo and try It includes more than 210 concerts and Fontainebleau are public museums, while ing three nights (pay for two) or four nights their hand at boomerang throwing. events performed by over 400 performers others such as Chateau d'Esclimont can (pay for three) at the rate of $420 per dou- A BBQ lunch and a Bushtucker Taste Test from around Australia. accommodate overnight guests. ble room per night including breakfast. include native meats such as kangaroo and Among them are Gary Shearston, Maria French Travel Connection is offering Details: call (02) 9966-1177 or visit crocodile. Forde, Joe Dolce, Brisbane gypsy band travellers the opportunity to live for a night www.frenchtravel.com.au The visit, part of the company's Sydney Doch, Cantolibre, David Beniuk & The or two of at Chateau d'Esclimont, home of Sight-seeing Tours, costs $99pp and includes Inland Sea and Alan Musgrove.Details: the Rochefoucauld family who were AAT Kings has a full-day "Aboriginal Expe- lunch, hotel pick-ups and all activities. visit www.illawarrafolkclub.org.au descendents of Francois I. riences" tour from Sydney - allowing its pas- Details: call (02) 9700-0133 or visit The 16th-century chateau, with five-star sengers to learn about and experience Aborig- www.aatkings.com or travel agents. AAP SEPTEMBER 2004 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 17/35 Food & Wine Tea for Two By Imogen Coward especially, it also attracted heavy taxes (not matter of contention amongst scholars, it is what grassy in flavour. surprisingly given its popularity). It was very fairly well recognised that from this point Oolong is produced in a similar manner to Today it’s hard to envisage a time when tea, much the drink of the upper classes. By the onwards there was a definitely marked decline green tea but during processing the leaves are ‘the most universally consumed of all bever- 19th century taxes had fallen a little and tea in tea drinking in America! allowed to partially ferment. ages’ (according to the Larousse Gas- gradually became a common beverage across Today, China, India and Ceylon are the Further distinctions between teas are created tronomique), did not exist. Where would we all classes. world’s largest tea producers, while India and through the grades of the tea leaves and extra be without popular songs like “Tea for Two” Although it has a reputation for being a mild Ceylon are also the largest exporters. Russia, flavourings that may be added later. or the nursery rhyme “Polly put the kettle on”? drink (e.g. in comparison to the stimulating Britain and America are among the largest Grading: Tea is graded by the size of the leaf Imagine if, instead of the usual cup of coffee effects of coffee), tea was at the centre of an importers of tea and many former British pieces (rather than the quality or flavour). The or tea, the customary drink at breakfast time international argument over taxes which some colonies like Australia have maintained the larger the leaf, the higher the grade. Large leaf was ale, as was the practice in 17th century say helped start the American War of Indepen- habit of having afternoon tea and enjoying tea pieces tend to have more flavour and require a England. dence. in tea shops and cafés, trends that date from longer infusion time than smaller, lower grade Tea in history When the British and Dutch settled in Amer- the late 19th century. leaf particles. For example, grade wise Orange ica during the 18th century, they took with Pekoe is a high grade followed by Broken Tea is derived from the leaves of Camellia them their love of tea drinking. America was Tea Today Orange Pekoe, Pekoe Fannings then Dust. sinesis, family Theaceae, a small tree which supplied with tea primarily by the British and Generally, loose leaf tea is of a higher grade can grow to a height of thirty feet and is native all was well (or at least reasonably so) until the Just as there are numerous distinctions than tea bags which often contain a high per- to China and Japan. Legend has it that tea has British attempted to heavily tax commodities between coffees and ways in which they may centage of the smaller leaf pieces giving a been cultivated in China since around 2700 they sold to their colonies, including the tea be enjoyed, so too are there many different strong brew needing little infusion. The down BC, with written records of tea drinking in they sold to America. The Americans reacted varieties of tea. side to the smaller leaf pieces is that they tend China and Japan dating from AD 350 and AD by promptly establishing a brisk trade in All teas (excluding herbal teas) come from to produce tea with high tannin content which 593 respectively. Not surprisingly then, the smuggled tea from Holland. As a conse- the same plant Camellia sinesis. The differ- can overpower other flavours. (Tannin is the word ‘tea’ comes from the Chinese t’e (pron. quence, the East India Company, which had ences between the ‘varieties’ arise from when bitter, mouth puckering agent also found in red tay) while the colloquial English term ‘char’, supplied America through their importers, the leaves are picked and the treatment of the wine.) is derived from the Cantonese ch’a (pron. were left with surplus stocks of tea and in 1773 tea leaves after they’ve been harvested. The Flavouring: Specialty teas can be flavoured char), as are other words such as chai (cur- gained permission from the British Govern- main methods of processing the leaves essen- with a number of ingredients from flowers to rently in vogue in some of Australia’s ‘fash- ment to export directly to America without the tially produce three different types of tea: fruit or herbs. One of the most well known ionable’ inner city coffee shops). involvement of importers (British or Ameri- black, green and oolong. specialty teas is Earl Grey. Traditionally, it is a Tea was introduced to the West around 1610 can). When three East India Company ships Black tea, the most commonly drunk in Aus- blend of China and Indian Darjeeling teas, by Dutch traders. While the Continental Euro- arrived in Boston Harbour to unload their tea, tralia, is produced by fermenting freshly flavoured with bergamot oil (a small member peans were the first to enjoy this new bever- Bostonians (many of them tea importers), dis- picked tea leaves. The leaves are spread out on of the citrus family). Jasmine tea, one of the age, tea arrived in England around 1630 and guised as American Indians, reacted. On 16 withering troughs which allow air to circulate China black teas, contains real jasmine flowers from there it only took until around 1650 for it December, 1773 the Bostonians tipped the through the leaves for 8-16 hours. When the which give it a light fragrant edge. There are to reach America. Tea was rapidly promoted as entire consignment of tea into the sea, an event leaves have become limp they are put through many different specialty teas and, unlike the having beneficial medicinal properties and known ever since as the Boston Tea Party. rollers which twist and break the leaves’ veins. ‘good old’ English breakfast blend, most are quickly superseded coffee as the new fashion- Soon after colonists and importers in other On contact with the air, the juices released dur- best served hot, black and without sugar so as able drink, especially in Britain. Amongst the American ports refused to allow ships carrying ing rolling begin to ferment or oxidise. The to best appreciate the subtle flavours. Thinking famous upper class Brits devoted to drinking tea to unload or instead destroyed their cargoes leaves are left in a cool humid atmosphere to of the coming summer, some specialty teas, tea were the Duke of Wellington and Dr of tea. In 1774 the British took retaliatory mea- ferment and after this they’re dried in the air particularly those flavoured with citrus (e.g. Samuel Johnson (compiler of the first English sures against these protests, including the clo- until the leaves turn black. Earl Grey) also make fantastic iced tea. Dictionary) who was said to have ‘swallowed sure of Boston’s port. Soon after, the American Green tea is generally produced by steam- his tea in oceans’. In the 18th century tea was War of Independence (1775-1783) began. ing, rolling and drying the fresh tea leaves. The More reading: There are some interesting books on an expensive commodity. Not only did it have While the degree to which the Boston Tea process retains the green colour of the leaves the tradition of afternoon tea. One, filled with to be shipped from the Far East, but, in Britain Party influenced the War of Independence is a and produces a tea that is light and often some- menus, recipes, table settings and photos is Tricia Foley’s Having Tea (Toronto, Bantam, 1987). Old-time cookbooks provide food for the soul Old cookbooks never die - in fact, they are and popularity may stay the same, but the col- not often willingly surrendered. One woman lector value of the first editions and signed Wine Review even took her beloved Betty Crocker book to books definitely will go up," she said. By Imogen Coward the grave. Slotnick, 50, said she opened the store in Cookbook connoisseur Bonnie Slotnick has 2000 "with no business plan" and was still D’Arenburg The Money Spider Two Rivers Thunderbolt heard many of these tales, whispered or "trying to figure out how I ended up doing recalled with laughter, about women so this" with a college degree in fashion illustra- Roussane 2003 Shiraz 2000 attached to their cookbooks that they end up tion. practically being "dragged out of dying Clearly, it was for her love of books. After Produced in South Deep ruby red in hands". working in a library and for many years in Australia’s McLaren colour, this wine "The bottom line for a lot of people is ... this food publishing, the native New Yorker began Vale, this wine is pale has pungent Shi- craving for comfort that cookbooks supply," seriously collecting cookbooks and worked at yellow in colour with raz aromas of Slotnick said as curious customers browsed in a bookstore as a searcher for out-of-print just the slightest hint pepper and spice her tiny Greenwich Village shop. books. of gold. Rich fruity with a hint of Often someone will be searching for the edi- "I love housekeeping books and etiquette aromas, reminiscent toasted oak. The tion her mother or grandmother had because of books in the narrative form - such as older sis- of a good Riesling are flavours are simi- a need to hold on to the comfort level it pro- ter teaching newly married, younger sister accompanied by full larly powerful vided "though they wouldn't know it if you how to cook for her husband," she said. flavours of fresh fruit with spicy mint asked them," she said. One of her favourites is from 1871 - Com- with melon, citrus and notes hidden un- Her store - Bonnie Slotnick's Cookbooks - is monsense in the Household by Marion Har- green apple notes. The der a fair dose of stocked floor to ceiling with some 3,000 land. flavours are well bal- acid and tannin. books, arranged neatly by category. The aver- In May, Slotnick sold one of the oldest cook- anced with acidity and The strength of age one costs $US20 ($A30) to $US22 books she has ever had, published in 1765, The a slightly sharp, inde- flavours in this ($A32), but there is also a $US5 ($A7) shelf Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy by Han- finable flavour gives wine make it and a $US1 ($A1.45) basket. Even non-cooks nah Glasse. She also has original cookbooks this wine a crisp edge well suited to have left with vintage cookbooks to savour from the 1800s as well as reproductions. peculiar to Roussane. hearty red meat dishes. At this stage, the wine "like novels in bed". Occasionally, people call because they think This wine is best is somewhat overpowering, and will proba- "There are always customers for classics by they have a gem, but "200-year-old cookbooks served slightly chilled and would comple- bly benefit from 5-10yrs cellaring. If you do Julia Child, James Beard, Craig Claiborne," in wonderful condition" are rare, she said. The ment summer meals, especially fish with a want to drink this wine young, decant it Slotnick said, adding that books by Child, who first American cookbook, American Cookery light, Mediterranean salad or lightly steamed before serving. died in August at the age of 91, have always by Amelia Simmons, was published in 1796, green vegetables. been popular. and might be worth $US10,000 ($A14,500) to Cost: under $20 "The importance of them in (everyday) use a collector. Reuters Cost: under $25 SEPTEMBER 2004 18/36 TO BHMA Greek Australian VEMA Athens 2004 Highlights of the Games Day 1 - 14 August On 14 August, day one of the Olympic Games, two world records were broken in Swimming and three in Weightlifting. In Swimming, Michael Phelps improved the record he already held in the 400m Individual Medley, while the women’s Australian team broke the world record in the 4x100 Freestyle Relay. In total, 13 medal ceremonies took place and China is currently first in the overall medal standing with 4 gold medals.

Cycling Road: Men’s Road Race : BETTINI (ITA) wins gold in Road Race Diving: Women’s Synchr 3m Springboard : China takes first gold in Diving Judo: Japan wins two gold medals on first day of Judo Swimming: Superpowers Australia and the USA dominate day one at the pool Weightlifting: World and Olympic records topple

Day 2 - 15 August A world record in Swimming from the South Africa team in the 4x100m Men’ s Freestyle Relay and the defeat of USA ‘ s team by Puer- Stefano Baldini of Italy rounds the last turn in the stadium before finishing first to win the gold medal at Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens on to Rico characterised day two of the 29/08/2004 © GETTY IMAGES/Andy Lyons ATHENS 2004 Olympic Games. the first time in modern history characterised Beach Volleyball: Women: Favourites continue the day. Yuriy BILONOG from Ukraine won Athletics: Men’s 20km Walk : Brugnetti upsets the unfazed through quarter-finals Basketball: Men : Puerto Rico crushes USA to gold at the Men’s Shot Put event, while at the favourites Gymnastics Artistic: Apparatus Finals Day 1: make history Women’s event Russia’s Irina KORZHA- Canoe/Kayak Slalom racing: France and Slova- Five medals go to five different countries Cycling Road: Women: Sara CARRIGAN (AUS) NENKO became Olympic Gold medallist. kia each take home two gold medals Hockey: Women : Netherlands deny Australia the surprises the favourites Cycling Track: Fast track produces a collection of chance of a treble records on day one Softball: AUS v USA in Grand Final, Japan Football: Iraq fairytale continues with 2-0 win Athletics: Men’s Shot Put: Ukraine’s BILONOG Fencing: Women’s Team Epee : Russians defend claims bronze over Costa Rica claims gold at Ancient Olympia their title against Germany Tennis: Chilean takeover at Athens 2004 Olympic Shooting: Women’s 10m Air Pistol : KOSTEVY- Beach Volleyball: Women: Seven teams move Tennis: Women’s Doubles : China to claim its first Tennis Event CH (UKR) wins gold in shoot off through pools to Round of 16 tennis medal Volleyball: Women : End of the preliminaries - Swimming: Men’s 4 x 100m Freestyle Relay: Gold Equestrian: Individual Eventing : Gold for Betti- Water Polo: Women : Australia and USA reach USA get final quarterfinal spot and a new WR for South Africa na HOY (GER) semis Weightlifting: Men’s 56kg : MUTLU (TUR) pow- Softball: Women’s Team : Japan comes up big, ers his way into history USA flexes muscles again Day 10 - 23 August Swimming: USA Women’s Relay team break Day 8 - 21 August The tenth day of the Olympic games includ- Day 3 - 16 August longest standing record on books Another exciting competition day has come ed 20 disciplines, seven of which had finals. A rich Olympic day has ended with 14 finals, Table Tennis: Women’s Singles Round 4: Shock to an end with new World and Olympic On Monday 23 August Gymnastics Artistic, 22 events held in 20 Competition Venues defeat of China’s No.3, NUI medals being set. Two World and one Table tennis as well as Softball were com- with China still in the lead of the overall Olympic Record were broken in Swimming. pleted. Medal Standings. In total, six Olympic Day 6 - 19 August In Cycling, reigning World Champion Sarah records were broken on this day: 1 in Shoot- Day 6 of the 2004 Olympic Games proved to ULMER from New Zealand has smashed the Athletics: Men’s 400m: USA completes clean ing, 3 in Weightlifting, and 1 in Swimming. be a day where many new Olympic and world record in the Women’s Individual Pur- sweep in 400m World records were set. suit. In Weightlifting, China’s super heavy- Athletics: Women’s Triple Jump : “They all had Archery: Bhutan duo to make Olympic history In Shooting, Manfred KURZER of Germany, weight Gonghong TANG set new world and something to smile about” Diving: Men’s Synchr 3m Springboard : Greek broke the Men’s 10m Running Target world Olympic records. Athletics: Women’s 20km Walk : TSOUMELEKA collects surprise gold for Greece divers write history record. In Weightlifting, Chunhong LIU from Gymnastics Artistic: Men’s Team : Japan is back Cycling Track: Australia take gold while the China, rewrote the women’s Weightlifting Athletics: Women’s 100m : NESTERENKO wins sprinters heat up on top after 24 years 100m title Handball: Men : Favourites remain undefeated record books with a performance hailed as Football: Women : USA qualifies for third consec- one of the greatest in the sport. Finally, in Athletics: Women’s Discus Throw Final: Sadova utive Olympic final Swimming: Thorpe reigns supreme in 200m finally gets the gold Freestyle Swimming three new Olympic Records were Gymnastics Artistic: Apparatus Final Day 2: set by three athletes from the USA; Amanda Athletics: Women’s Heptathlon: KLUFT (SWE) PONOR (ROM) wins two gold medals Volleyball: Women : Day Two - Top teams prove dominates their class; Cuba win derby BEARD, Aaron PEIRSOL, and Michael Sailing: Star : A win for CAN, extraordinary Basketball: Men : As champs fall, five more comeback for BRA and USA PHELPS. become quarterfinalists Day 4 - 17 August Wrestling: Women’s freestyle: JPN, UKR and Swimming: THOMPSON’s (USA) Olympic histo- CHN take historic medals 11 Spectacular Finals in Artistic Gymnastics, Archery: Men’s Individual : GALIAZZO wins gold ry overshadowed by world records for Italy Sailing: Yngling : Impressive silver medal for Fencing, Judo, Shooting, and Swimming, as Day 11 - 24 August well as 23 other Events, held in 20 Olympic Badminton: Two gold medals for China Ukraine’s team Eighteen sports were held during Day Eleven venues, characterised the fourth day of the Boxing: Gold medal favourites emerge at the Peri- Weightlifting: Men’s 85kg : DIMAS wins hearts, steri Boxing Hall of the ATHENS 2004 Olympic Games, six of ATHENS 2004 Olympics. not gold medal Sailing: Women’s 470 : BEKATOROU/TSOULFA which included final matches. The end of (GRE) win gold with race to spare Day 9 - 22 August Artistic Gymnastics was also celebrated with Badminton: The top seeds keep falling Tennis: Women’s Singles : World’s top three Baseball: Men : Canada only unbeaten team after The Men’s 100m Finals and the Women’s a Gala event. women reach semifinals The thousands of Athletics fans, gathered in Day 4 Weightlifting: Women’s 69kg : Record book Marathon were the highlights of day nine of Gymnastics Artistic: Women’s Team : Romanian rewritten in amazing event the ATHENS 2004 Olympic Games. In the the Athens Olympic Stadium, watched the six powerhouse on the top again Men’s 100m Final, four athletes finished in finals that took place in that popular sport. Hockey: Men : Korea, Germany and Netherlands Day 7 - 20 August less than 9.90 seconds, but it was USA’s tracking nicely Athletics: Men’s 1500m final : EL GUERROUJ Another record-breaking day came to its end. Justin GATLIN who won gold medal with Shooting: RUS and UAE win gold medals 9.85. Finally, in Cycling Track two world finally strikes Olympic gold Swimming: USA wins fifth Olympic gold and Some of the day’s highlights were the follow- records were broken. Athletics: Women’s 100m Hurdles final : HAYES avenges Sydney defeat ing: In the Men’s 100m Butterfly Swimming wins, FELICIEN falls Final, USA’s Michael PHELPS set a new Athletics: Women’s 400m final : WILLIAMS-DAR- Olympic Record (51.25). One world and Athletics: Men’s 100m : GATLIN wins 100m title LING held off Mexican challenge Day 5 - 18 August Athletics: Men’s High Jump Final: Brilliant Two new Swimming World Records and the three Olympic records were broken on the Beach Volleyball: Women: The USA wins HOLM wins unprecedented two medals hosting of the Men’s and Women’s Shot Put first day of the Olympic Track Cycling pro- Athletics: Women’s Marathon : Noguchi wins events in the Ancient Stadium in Olympia for gramme. women’s marathon SEPTEMBER 2004 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 19/37 Athens 2004

Cont. from previous page

Boxing: Men’s Light Fly (48kg): Favourites reach semifinals Diving: Men’s 3m Springboard: China wins fourth gold medal Handball: Men: Final four decided in Men’s Hand- ball Water Polo: Men: Hungary, Greece qualify direct- ly to semifinals Day 12 - 25 August One world record was broken today in Men’s +105kg Weightlifting category, while in Ath- letics a new world junior record was set in the Women’s 200m Final and a new Olympic record in Women’s Hammer Throw. Other highlights of the day include the gold medal. In Athletics, USA snatched five out of Basketball: Men : Argentina ends USA reign in pletes historic double medal matches in Baseball and Men’s Beach nine medals that were awarded in tonight’s semis Athletics: Men’s 4 x 100m Relay: Great Britain Volleyball and a spectacular finish in the three Finals. Canoe/Kayak Flatwater Racing: Two male kayak- stuns the USA Women’s Triathlon. Greece’s Fani Chalkia Athletics: Men’s 400m Hurdles: SANCHEZ ers aim for three Olympic titles Boxing: Russia and Cuba share medal honours won the first gold medal of the competition achieves Olympic dream Equestrian: Individual Jumping: O’CONNOR Cycling Mountain Bike: Men’s Cross Country: day in Athletics. Athletics: Men’s Long Jump: PHILLIPS dominates wins first jumping gold for Ireland ABSALON (FRA) wins gold Athletics: Women’s 400m Hurdles Final: HALKIA the final Handball: Women: Denmark in the gold medal Diving: Men’s 10m Platform: HU grabs sixth gold (GRE) wins gold Basketball: Men: Undefeated Lithuania, Argenti- match after 29-20 against Ukraine for China Athletics: Women’s 200m Final: CAMPBELL na, Italy and USA to semis Football: Men: Italy wins the bronze medal Football: Men: TEVEZ fires Argentina to gold (JAM) wins with a world leading time Cycling Track: Australia dominates at the Olympic Modern Pentathlon: Women: VOROS claims gold Sailing: Star: Canada wins silver, France bronze Basketball: Women : Brazil outlasts Spain for third Velodrome for Hungary Taekwondo: Men’s Under 80kg: LOPEZ defends consecutive semifinal Gymnastics Rythmic: Qualifications: Russia and Volleyball: Women: Semifinals - Cuba out of the Olympic title Equestrian: Individual Dressage: van KABAEVA leading the fields Olympic final after 12 years GRUNSVEN defends gold medal Taekwondo: Men’s Under 58kg: Taipei takes gold Wrestling: Men’s Freestyle 84kg: Semifinalists 29 August 2004 - Last Day Hockey: Men: Australia cruises into final Water Polo: Women: Italy took gold in overtime decided after tough battles and Closing Ceremony Sailing: Men’s Mistral : FRIDMAN wins first gold The Athens 2004 Olympic Games came to an Day 14 - 27 August Day 15 - 28 August ever for Israel In the 15th day of the Olympic Games, 6 sport end today with a warm Closing Ceremony Synchronised Swimming: Duet: Russia takes gold On 27 August 2004, fourteenth day of the competitions came to an end: Basketball, which took place at the Olympic Stadium. with perfect 10s Olympic Games ATHENS 2004, the Equestri- Not long before, Stefano Baldini from Italia Triathlon: Austrian Kate ALLEN steals gold medal an, Modern Pentathlon, Synchronised Swim- Canoe/Kayak Flatwater Racing, Cycling Mountain Bike, Diving, Football and Sailing. was the first runner to cross the finish line of in dash to the line ming and Hockey events were completed. the Men’s Marathon race in the Panathinaiko Today it was Russia’s day in Athletics - it won In Women’s High Jump, Russia’s Yelena SLE- Day 13 - 26 August SARENKO won gold with a new Olympic Stadium. six medals. Earlier in the last day of the Games, finals in Russia’s Andrey Moiseev was the winner in Athletics: Men’s 50km Walk : “KORZENIOWSKI record (2.06). Men’s Football: Argentina is Boxing, Gymnastics Rhythmic, Handball, Men’s Modern Pentathlon, while in the equal- the great” captures fourth gold new Olympic champion, having beaten ly demanding Triathlon New Zealand won Athletics: Men’s 110m Hurdles Final: LIU (CHN) Paraguay 1-0 in the final. Taekwondo, Volleyball, Water Polo and gold and silver medal. In Women’s Water wins, equals the world record Athletics: Men’s 4 x 400m Relay : USA in a class of Wrestling were held. Polo, Italy won the gold medal match in the Athletics: Women’s Javelin Throw Final: MENEN- their own In the overall medal standings, USA ranked second extra time, leaving to Greece the silver DEZ (CUB) wins, throws over 70m Athletics: Men’s 5000m : EL GUERROUJ com- first, China second and Russia third.

Highlights of the SPORTS Athens The Greek Australian VEMA Games PAGES 18/36 & 19/37

“Dream Games”

A string of fireworks lights the sky friends, you have won! You have won by total. The United States won the medals race, years of political infighting, said the Games above the main Olympic Stadium on brilliantly meeting the tough challenge of with 35 gold, 39 silver and 29 bronze. China were the spur for infrastructure work that Sunday August 29 for the last time holding the Games.” He praised Gianna was second. was long overdue to make Athens a modern during the Games of the 28th Angelopoulos-Daskalaki for leading the European capital. Olympiad. Following a cheerful clos- organizing committee with “great vision and “Zeus smiled on Athens” Much of the money went into upgrading ing ceremony, the giant torch that had charisma.” He also praised the government transport and other projects that have finally held the Olympic Flame over the sta- for leaving Athens with “an extraordinary Zeus and the other gods of ancient Greece untied the knot of old roads that made the dium since Aug. 13 swiveled down to urban and sporting heritage.” He thanked the smiled on the Athens Olympic Games, city one of the world’s most congested. light a lantern in a child’s hands. The “marvelous volunteers who have charmed us whose spectacular success surprised the “There is also the human legacy of the skills girl blew upward gently and the giant with their confidence and kindness.” world, the head of the organising committee that our people have learned which can never flame went out. The Olympic flag was handed over to the said in her first interview since the world’s be calculated,” she said. mayor of Beijing, which will host the 2008 biggest sporting event ended on Sunday 29 Angelopoulos said Athens had also won a The Athens 2004 Games, the 28th Olympics. August. battle against fear by hosting the first sum- Olympiad of the modern era, ended on The closing ceremony, which began with a Mrs Gianna Angelopoulos told Reuters the mer Games since the September 11, 2001 August 29 with a closing ceremony that cel- tribute to the folk music and dances and Greeks had earned and deserved the praise attacks on the United States with a “flawless” ebrated 16 days of competition and the bucolic traditions of many parts of Greece, that has poured in for the conduct of the security operation. nation that had played host to the world. was tinged with melancholy as the Olympic once-troubled Games. More than $US1 billion ($A1.43 billion) Athens presented the Games with state-of- Flame went out over the Olympic stadium. “These were the most successful Games were spent on Europe’s biggest peacetime the art venues, and, through an unprecedent- The giant spindle through which the flame ever,” she said, going further than IOC security operation, which included the ed multinational effort, it provided security burned, swiveled downward, like the beak of (International Olympic Committee) chief involvement of NATO in protecting Greece’s in the air, the sea and on land. But in the end, a huge metal bird, and lit a lantern carried by Jacques Rogge, who described them in his airspace and long coastline. it was the athletes who were at the heart of a little girl. In an echo of the Greek Easter closing ceremony speech as an “unforget- Angelopoulos praised the way security the Games, setting as they did several new celebrations, she then passed the flame on to table dream.” forces had managed to protect the Games world and Olympic records. others in the audience. At 10.46 p.m., from “Not just Zeus, but all the Gods smiled on while remaining unobtrusive, and said peo- Four years ago, IOC President Juan Anto- the floor of the Olympic Stadium, the girl what we have done,” Angelopoulos said. ple had asked her: “Where are the troops?” nio Samaranch warned Athens that it might blew gently toward the flame high up in the She said the Games marked the emergence Her advice to Beijing, which stages the next lose the Games as it was falling seriously sky and it went out. of a new Greece and were worth every cent summer Olympics in 2008, was to follow its behind in its preparations. A major effort, A concert including some of Greece’s best of the billions of dollars that were spent to own dream because each city that hosts an which is now estimated to have cost some 7 known pop stars then began under a full stage the homecoming of the Olympics to Olympics is unique. billion euros, was mounted. This resulted in moon and in a crowded stadium. Director both their ancient and modern birthplace. But she suggested there could be parallels successful and safe Games but also in major Dimitris Papaioannou had said the closing Some economists estimate the cost of the between Athens and Beijing because both transportation projects that transformed ceremony would be “a human celebration, Games have more than doubled from the were capitals of countries with famed ancient Athens. full of music and singing.” original 1997 budget of $US4.6 billion civilisations that were knocking on the door Jacques Rogge, at the closing of his first The Greeks celebrated their best showing ($A6.58 billion), setting the scene for a like- of the 21st century. Summer Games as president of the in the Olympics since their revival in modern ly political battle in the weeks ahead. Angelopoulos gave no indication of what International Olympic Committee, was full form in Athens in 1896. Greece won six But Angelopoulos, who even critics agree lay in her own future but admitted: “Some of praise for the hosts. Starting his short gold, six silver and four bronze medals. It carried the Athens Olympics across the fin- sleep would be good.” speech in Greek, Rogge said, “Dear Greek was placed 15 by gold medals and 17th by ishing line almost singlehanded after several Reuters Stamfords is an Australian Demand Innovation advisory and consulting firm with offices in Sydney Value Solutions and Perth with vast experience in Australia and abroad providing the following services:

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