Welcome at CERN
Mag. Thomas Stelzer Governor of Upper Austria
Accelerating Science and Innovation Sonnensystem im Maßstab 1 : 2.8 Milliarden
Saturn 515m
Neptun Uranus 1032m Jupiter 1615m 280m
Mars 82m Erde 54m Merkur 21m Venus 39m Sonne
Sonne Neptun Uranus Saturn Jupiter Mars Erde Venus Merkur 500mm 17.7mm 18.2mm 41.8mm 50.2mm 2.4mm 4.6mm 4.4mm 1.8mm
CERN: founded in 1954: 12 European States “Science for Peace” Today: 23 Member States
~ 2600 staff ~ 1800 other paid personnel ~ 13600 scientific users Budget (2019) ~ 1200 MCHF
Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
Associate Member: Cyprus, India, Lithuania, Pakistan, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine Applicant States for Membership or Associate Membership: Brazil, Croatia, Estonia
Observers to Council: Japan, Russia, United States of America; JINR, European Union and UNESCO 4 Science is getting more and more global
> 13.000 users with 110 nationalities
CERN: 57 staff, 11 fellows, 21 doctoral and 5 technical students Age Distribution of Scientists - and where they go afterwards
1100 27 They do not all stay: 1000 Today: where do they go? >3000 PhD students 900 in LHC experiments 800
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18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 The Mission of CERN
Push back the frontiers of knowledge Studying the structure of matter on the smallest distances/highest energies… what was the matter like in the first moments of the Universe’s existence?
Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Benefits for society: e.g. accelerator technology, detectors for medicine, the WWW and the GRID
Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow
Unite people from different countries and cultures Composition of Matter
• All matter built from Atoms • Atoms consist of a Nucleus and Electrons • The Nucleus consist of Neutrons and Protons • Neutrons and Protons consist of Up and Down Quarks (and Gluons)
Fundamental Matter Particles: Electrons, Up Quarks, Down Quarks The Standard Model of Particle Physics
• Fermions (spin ½) quarks and leptons: the building blocks of matter • Bosons (integer spin) carry the forces: electromagnetic (Photon), weak force (W, Z) and strong force (Gluons) • Higgs Boson, gives mass to particles
Plus antimatter partners of each particle. Sufficient to explain the matter around us Our Scientific Challenge: Understanding the very first moments of our Universe
Big Bang
13.8 Billion Years Today 1028 cm LHC: The energy frontier in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions LHCb
CMS ATLAS
ALICE
LHC ring: 27 km circumference The Large Hadron Collider The CMS Experiment
Discovery 2012, Nobel Prize in Physics 2013
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 was awarded jointly to François Englert and Peter W. Higgs "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider”. What’s Next?
• Operate LHC until 2037 Study the Higgs and other SM Particles
• Dark Matter? Discover the dark Sector!
• Matter - Antimatter
• Gravity
• And much more…... LHC and HL-LHC Program until 2037
Present planning: operation at 13 TeV during run 2, increase energy to 14 TeV for run 3
Operation of the LHC foreseen until 2037 Until now only ~10 % of LHC data taken – a lot to come! CERN is not only LHC Antiproton & Antihydrogen Physics Matter-Antimatter comparison • Test CPT invariance, the most fundamental Symmetry in relativistic quantum field theory • Test of the Weak Equivalence Principle by measuring the gravitational behavior of antimatter • Measurements of “antihydrogen”-like systems: antiprotonic helium, positronium, protonium
The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) plus new ELENA for Extra Low Energy Antiprotons. H H
19 Studies for Future Facilities
LHC, and its upgrade to higher luminosity, is central to CERN program for next decade(s) But Europe need to prepare for what will come after, so future accelerators and experiments are under study • CLIC – Compact Linear Collider A possible future e+e- linear collider up to 3 TeV, starting at 380 GeV • FCC – Future Circular Collider Study of a 100 km circumference machine for pp collisions at 100 TeV, as well as e+e-, option for ep
Next update of the European Strategy has started: Conclusion in May 2020. 20 AWAKE, Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment New acceleration technology, which obtains ~1000 factor stronger acceleration than conventional technology.
Decreases the size of linear colliders significantly
2018: First demonstration of acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefields driven by a proton beam
Plasma cell in AWAKE tunnel 21 CERN: Particle Physics and Innovation
Interfacing between fundamental science and key technological developments
CERN Technologies and Innovation
Accelerating particle Detecting particles Large-scale beams computing (Grid) Austria and CERN
Austria became CERN Member State in 1959
Austrian scientists have made very important contributions to the advance of Particle Physics in general and to the experimental programme at CERN, participating in important discoveries
Viktor Weisskopf (Austrian-American): Director General of CERN (1961-1965)
Willibald Jentschke (Austrian): Director General of CERN (1971-1975) Austria and CERN
Present involvement in the CERN experimental programme:
CMS experiment at LHC: HEPHY and TU Vienna; founding member of CMS important hardware contributions; ~ 40 members ATLAS experiment at LHC: Innsbruck University is member since 1992, focusing on developing software for physics analysis; Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt; ALICE experiment at LHC: Stefan Meyer Institute ASACUSA, AEgIS experiments at AD: Stefan Meyer Institute
Smaller participation in: CLOUD collaboration: Universities Innsbruck and Vienna nTOF collaboration: TU Vienna Austrian PhD Programme at CERN
• Program for PhDs in technology areas at CERN • Founded in 1993/94, BMWFW finances up to 7 PhDs starting per year
Technical area of PhD Thesis University Number of PhDs 60 50 TU Vienna 109 40 TU Graz 43 30 University Vienna 19 20 10 University Innsbruck 9 0 JKU Linz 3 MU Leoben 2 University Salzburg 1 HS f. Musik und angew. 1 Kunst Graz
• So far ~190 completed PhDs in all technical fields ~ 40% return to Austria Technology transfer via people (MedAustron!) ~ 25% stay at CERN strengthening links Austria - CERN ~ 25% to EU and Switzerland International networks Thank You!
Accelerating Science and Innovation