LHC@Home: a BOINC-Based Volunteer Computing
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The ATLAS Experiment
The ATLAS Experiment Mapping the Secrets of the Universe Michael Barnett Physics Division July 2007 With help from: Joao Pequenao Paul Schaffner M. Barnett – July 2007 1 Large Hadron Collider CERN lab in Geneva Switzerland Protons will circulate in opposite directions and collide inside experimental areas 100 meters underground 17 miles around M. Barnett – July 2007 2 The ATLAS Experiment See animation M. Barnett – July 2007 3 Large Hadron Collider Numbers The fastest racetrack on the planet Trillions of protons will race around the 17-mile ring 11,000 times a second, traveling at 99.9999991% the speed of light. Seven times the energy of any previous accelerator. The emptiest space in the solar system Accelerating protons to almost the speed of light requires a vacuum as empty as interplanetary space. There is 10 times more atmosphere on the moon than there will be in the LHC. M. Barnett – July 2007 4 Large Hadron Collider Numbers The hottest spot in our galaxy Colliding protons will generate temperatures 100,000 times hotter than the sun (but in a minuscule space). Equivalent to a billionth of a second after the Big Bang M. Barnett – July 2007 5 LHC Exhibition at London Science Museum M. Barnett – July 2007 6 Large Hadron Collider Numbers The biggest most sophisticated detectors ever built Recording the debris from 600 million proton collisions per second requires building gargantuan devices that measure particles with 0.0004 inch precision. The most extensive computer system in the world Analyzing the data requires tens of thousands of computers around the world using the Grid. -
Aaron Taylor Physics and Astronomy This
Aaron Taylor Candidate Physics and Astronomy Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Sally Seidel , Chairperson Dr. Pavel Reznicek Dr. Huaiyu Duan Dr. Douglas Fields Dr. Bruce Schumm CERN-THESIS-2017-006 04/11/2016 SEARCH FOR NEW PHYSICS PROCESSES WITH HEAVY QUARK SIGNATURES IN THE ATLAS EXPERIMENT by AARON TAYLOR B.A., Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2011 M.S., Physics, University of New Mexico, 2014 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Physics The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2017 ©2017, Aaron Taylor iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Sally Seidel, for her constant support and guidance in my research. I would also like to thank her for her patience in helping me to develop my technical writing and presentation skills; without her assistance, I would never have gained the skill I have in that field. I would like to thank Konstantin Toms, for his constant assistance with the ATLAS code, and for generally giving advice on how to handle data analysis. The Bs → 4μ analysis likely wouldn’t have gotten anywhere without him. I would like to deeply thank Pavel Reznicek, without whom I would never have gotten as great an understanding of ATLAS code as I currently have. It is no exaggeration to say that I would not have been half as successful as I have been without his constant patience and understanding. Thank you. Many thanks to Martin Hoeferkamp, who taught me much about instrumentation and physical measurements. -
Slides Lecture 1
Advanced Topics in Particle Physics Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC Ulrich Husemann, Klaus Reygers, Ulrich Uwer University of Heidelberg Winter Semester 2009/2010 CERN = European Laboratory for Partice Physics the world’s largest particle physics laboratory, founded 1954 Historic name: “Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire” Lake Geneva Proton-proton2500 employees, collider almost 10000 guest scientists from 85 nations Jura Mountains 8.5 km Accelerator complex Prévessin site (approx. 100 m underground) (France) Meyrin site (Switzerland) Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC, U Heidelberg, Winter Semester 09/10, Lecture 1 2 Large Hadron Collider: CMS Experiment: Proton-Proton and Multi Purpose Detector Lead-Lead Collisions LHCb Experiment: B Physics and CP Violation ALICE-Experiment: ATLAS Experiment: Heavy Ion Physics Multi Purpose Detector Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC, U Heidelberg, Winter Semester 09/10, Lecture 1 3 The Lecture “Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC” Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN: premier address in experimental particle physics for the next 10+ years LHC restart this fall: first beam scheduled for mid-November LHC and Heidelberg Experimental groups from Heidelberg participate in three out of four large LHC experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, LHCb) Theory groups working on LHC physics → Cornerstone of physics research in Heidelberg → Lots of exciting opportunities for young people Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC, U Heidelberg, Winter Semester 09/10, Lecture 1 4 Scope -
Arxiv:2001.07837V2 [Hep-Ex] 4 Jul 2020 Scale Funding Will Be Requested at Different Stages Across the Globe
Brazilian Participation in the Next-Generation Collider Experiments W. L. Aldá Júniora C. A. Bernardesb D. De Jesus Damiãoa M. Donadellic D. E. Martinsd G. Gil da Silveirae;a C. Henself H. Malbouissona A. Massafferrif E. M. da Costaa C. Mora Herreraa I. Nastevad M. Rangeld P. Rebello Telesa T. R. F. P. Tomeib A. Vilela Pereiraa aDepartamento de Física Nuclear e Altas Energias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil bUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Núcleo de Computação Científica Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271, 01140-070, Sao Paulo, Brazil cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1371, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil dUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil eInstituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9550, CEP 91501-970, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, Brazil f Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This proposal concerns the participation of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics community in the next-generation collider experiments. -
Arxiv:2003.07868V3 [Hep-Ph] 21 Jul 2020 Ejmnc Allanach, C
CERN-LPCC-2020-001, FERMILAB-FN-1098-CMS-T, Imperial/HEP/2020/RIF/01 Reinterpretation of LHC Results for New Physics: Status and Recommendations after Run 2 We report on the status of efforts to improve the reinterpretation of searches and mea- surements at the LHC in terms of models for new physics, in the context of the LHC Reinterpretation Forum. We detail current experimental offerings in direct searches for new particles, measurements, technical implementations and Open Data, and provide a set of recommendations for further improving the presentation of LHC results in order to better enable reinterpretation in the future. We also provide a brief description of existing software reinterpretation frameworks and recent global analyses of new physics that make use of the current data. Waleed Abdallah,1, 2 Shehu AbdusSalam,3 Azar Ahmadov,4 Amine Ahriche,5, 6 Gaël Alguero,7 Benjamin C. Allanach,8, ∗ Jack Y. Araz,9 Alexandre Arbey,10, 11 Chiara Arina,12 Peter Athron,13 Emanuele Bagnaschi,14 Yang Bai,15 Michael J. Baker,16 Csaba Balazs,13 Daniele Barducci,17, 18 Philip Bechtle,19, ∗ Aoife Bharucha,20 Andy Buckley,21, † Jonathan Butterworth,22, ∗ Haiying Cai,23 Claudio Campagnari,24 Cari Cesarotti,25 Marcin Chrzaszcz,26 Andrea Coccaro,27 Eric Conte,28, 29 Jonathan M. Cornell,30 Louie D. Corpe,22 Matthias Danninger,31 Luc Darmé,32 Aldo Deandrea,10 Nishita Desai,33, ∗ Barry Dillon,34 Caterina Doglioni,35 Matthew J. Dolan,16 Juhi Dutta,1, 36 John R. Ellis,37 Sebastian Ellis,38 Farida Fassi,39 Matthew Feickert,40 Nicolas Fernandez,40 Sylvain Fichet,41 Thomas Flacke,42 Benjamin Fuks,43, 44, ∗ Achim Geiser,45 Marie-Hélène Genest,7 Akshay Ghalsasi,46 Tomas Gonzalo,13 Mark Goodsell,43 Stefania Gori,46 Philippe Gras,47 Admir Greljo,11 Diego Guadagnoli,48 Sven Heinemeyer,49, 50, 51 Lukas A. -
Muon Bundles As a Sign of Strangelets from the Universe
Draft version October 19, 2018 Typeset using LATEX default style in AASTeX61 MUON BUNDLES AS A SIGN OF STRANGELETS FROM THE UNIVERSE P. Kankiewicz,1 M. Rybczynski,´ 1 Z. W lodarczyk,1 and G. Wilk2 1Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland 2National Centre for Nuclear Research, Department of Fundamental Research, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT Recently the CERN ALICE experiment, in its dedicated cosmic ray run, observed muon bundles of very high multiplicities, thereby confirming similar findings from the LEP era at CERN (in the CosmoLEP project). Originally it was argued that they apparently stem from the primary cosmic rays with a heavy masses. We propose an alternative possibility arguing that muonic bundles of highest multiplicity are produced by strangelets, hypothetical stable lumps of strange quark matter infiltrating our Universe. We also address the possibility of additionally deducing their directionality which could be of astrophysical interest. Significant evidence for anisotropy of arrival directions of the observed high multiplicity muonic bundles is found. Estimated directionality suggests their possible extragalactic provenance. Keywords: astroparticle physics: cosmic rays: reference systems arXiv:1612.04749v2 [hep-ph] 17 Mar 2017 Corresponding author: M. Rybczy´nski [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Kankiewicz et al. 1. INTRODUCTION Cosmic ray physics is our unique source of information on events in the energy range which will never be accessible in Earth-bound experiments Dar & De Rujula(2008); Letessier-Selvon & Stanev(2011). This is why one of the most important aspects of their investigation is the understanding of the primary cosmic ray (CR) flux and its composition. -
Trigger and Data Acquisition
Trigger and data acquisition N. Ellis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract The lectures address some of the issues of triggering and data acquisition in large high-energy physics experiments. Emphasis is placed on hadron-collider experiments that present a particularly challenging environment for event se- lection and data collection. However, the lectures also explain how T/DAQ systems have evolved over the years to meet new challenges. Some examples are given from early experience with LHC T/DAQ systems during the 2008 single-beam operations. 1 Introduction These lectures concentrate on experiments at high-energy particle colliders, especially the general- purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1]. These experiments represent a very chal- lenging case that illustrates well the problems that have to be addressed in state-of-the-art high-energy physics (HEP) trigger and data-acquisition (T/DAQ) systems. This is also the area in which the author is working (on the trigger for the ATLAS experiment at LHC) and so is the example that he knows best. However, the lectures start with a more general discussion, building up to some examples from LEP [2] that had complementary challenges to those of the LHC. The LEP examples are a good reference point to see how HEP T/DAQ systems have evolved in the last few years. Students at this school come from various backgrounds — phenomenology, experimental data analysis in running experiments, and preparing for future experiments (including working on T/DAQ systems in some cases). These lectures try to strike a balance between making the presentation accessi- ble to all, and going into some details for those already familiar with T/DAQ systems. -
A BOINC-Based Volunteer Computing Infrastructure for Physics Studies At
Open Eng. 2017; 7:379–393 Research article Javier Barranco, Yunhai Cai, David Cameron, Matthew Crouch, Riccardo De Maria, Laurence Field, Massimo Giovannozzi*, Pascal Hermes, Nils Høimyr, Dobrin Kaltchev, Nikos Karastathis, Cinzia Luzzi, Ewen Maclean, Eric McIntosh, Alessio Mereghetti, James Molson, Yuri Nosochkov, Tatiana Pieloni, Ivan D. Reid, Lenny Rivkin, Ben Segal, Kyrre Sjobak, Peter Skands, Claudia Tambasco, Frederik Van der Veken, and Igor Zacharov LHC@Home: a BOINC-based volunteer computing infrastructure for physics studies at CERN https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0042 Received October 6, 2017; accepted November 28, 2017 1 Introduction Abstract: The LHC@Home BOINC project has provided This paper addresses the use of volunteer computing at computing capacity for numerical simulations to re- CERN, and its integration with Grid infrastructure and ap- searchers at CERN since 2004, and has since 2011 been plications in High Energy Physics (HEP). The motivation expanded with a wider range of applications. The tradi- for bringing LHC computing under the Berkeley Open In- tional CERN accelerator physics simulation code SixTrack frastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) [1] is that enjoys continuing volunteers support, and thanks to vir- available computing resources at CERN and in the HEP tualisation a number of applications from the LHC ex- community are not sucient to cover the needs for nu- periment collaborations and particle theory groups have merical simulation capacity. Today, active BOINC projects joined the consolidated LHC@Home BOINC project. This together harness about 7.5 Petaops of computing power, paper addresses the challenges related to traditional and covering a wide range of physical application, and also virtualized applications in the BOINC environment, and particle physics communities can benet from these re- how volunteer computing has been integrated into the sources of donated simulation capacity. -
Cosmic-Ray Studies with Experimental Apparatus at LHC
S S symmetry Article Cosmic-Ray Studies with Experimental Apparatus at LHC Emma González Hernández 1, Juan Carlos Arteaga 2, Arturo Fernández Tellez 1 and Mario Rodríguez-Cahuantzi 1,* 1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Edif. EMA3-231, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; [email protected] (E.G.H.); [email protected] (A.F.T.) 2 Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana, 58040 Morelia, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 September 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 15 October 2020 Abstract: The study of cosmic rays with underground accelerator experiments started with the LEP detectors at CERN. ALEPH, DELPHI and L3 studied some properties of atmospheric muons such as their multiplicity and momentum. In recent years, an extension and improvement of such studies has been carried out by ALICE and CMS experiments. Along with the LHC high luminosity program some experimental setups have been proposed to increase the potential discovery of LHC. An example is the MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles detector (MATHUSLA) designed for searching of Ultra Stable Neutral Particles, predicted by extensions of the Standard Model such as supersymmetric models, which is planned to be a surface detector placed 100 meters above ATLAS or CMS experiments. Hence, MATHUSLA can be suitable as a cosmic ray detector. In this manuscript the main results regarding cosmic ray studies with LHC experimental underground apparatus are summarized. The potential of future MATHUSLA proposal is also discussed. Keywords: cosmic ray physics at CERN; atmospheric muons; trigger detectors; muon bundles 1. -
The Cell Geometry Is Adapted to the Manufacturing Process. One Side Of
R&D for the Future 443 The cell geometry is adapted to the manufacturing process. One side of the cell carries all the features required for the RF, whereas the other side is flat for bonding (Fig. 12.11). The cells are diamond machined, joined by diffusion bonding under hydrogen at about 1000°C and vacuum baked at 650°C. With exacting machining tolerances, typically in the 1 µm range, the tuning of the final structure is avoided. A number of test facilities is in operation worldwide including those at CERN which houses the only facility modelling the two-beam scheme in addition to a number of test stands powered by klystrons for high turn-around of testing structure variants. Nominal accelerating gradients of 100 MV/m have been achieved in the accelerating structures under development in a worldwide collaboration with the required low break-down rate while the PETSs have been tested at the nominal output power of 150 MW. However, more variants of these two structures have to be built and examined to address HOM damping, lifetime, breakdown statistics, industrial-scale fabrication, and better understanding of the break-down mechanisms. The Next Energy Frontier e+e− Collider: Innovation in Detectors Lucie Linssen Throughout the history of particle physics, both protons and electrons, with their respective antiparticles, have been used extensively for high energy colliders [Box 4.1]. The merits and difficulties of physics research with high luminosity proton–proton colliders are briefly described in the Box 8.3. Electrons, in contrast to protons, are genuine elementary particles. Apart from initial-state radiation and beamstrahlung effects (see below), they provide very good knowledge of the initial state of the collision. -
MIT at the Large Hadron Collider—Illuminating the High-Energy Frontier
Mit at the large hadron collider—Illuminating the high-energy frontier 40 ) roland | klute mit physics annual 2010 gunther roland and Markus Klute ver the last few decades, teams of physicists and engineers O all over the globe have worked on the components for one of the most complex machines ever built: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Collaborations of thousands of scientists have assembled the giant particle detectors used to examine collisions of protons and nuclei at energies never before achieved in a labo- ratory. After initial tests proved successful in late 2009, the LHC physics program was launched in March 2010. Now the race is on to fulfill the LHC’s paradoxical mission: to complete the Stan- dard Model of particle physics by detecting its last missing piece, the Higgs boson, and to discover the building blocks of a more complete theory of nature to finally replace the Standard Model. The MIT team working on the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC stands at the forefront of this new era of particle and nuclear physics. The High Energy Frontier Our current understanding of the fundamental interactions of nature is encap- sulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. In this theory, the multitude of subatomic particles is explained in terms of just two kinds of basic building blocks: quarks, which form protons and neutrons, and leptons, including the electron and its heavier cousins. From the three basic interactions described by the Standard Model—the strong, electroweak and gravitational forces—arise much of our understanding of the world around us, from the formation of matter in the early universe, to the energy production in the Sun, and the stability of atoms and mit physics annual 2010 roland | klute ( 41 figure 1 A photograph of the interior, central molecules. -
What Is Next for the Lhc?
Building new technologies Fuelling industry Particle accelerators, like those at the heart of the and economy LHC, are now being adopted for cancer therapies using WHAT IS NEXT protons which, unlike current therapies, deposit all their energy in the same place, making them ideal for treating FOR THE LHC? STFC funds the UK membership to CERN, which gives tumours near to delicate organs. UK scientists and engineers access to the vast amount of data and research that takes place. New technology and systems are still being developed around the LHC, allowing us to ask new questions and Since the LHC became operational, UK industry make exciting discoveries and progress in a range of has won valuable contracts at CERN worth different fields. £102 million (2010-2015). Of these, £15 million were awarded in 2015. Inspiring the next generation Engineering success This exciting science is prompting more young people to consider careers in physics and engineering, fields that Many engineering disciplines were involved in the are highly prized throughout the UK economy (during design, construction and maintenance of the LHC. the academic year that the Higgs boson was discovered, More than 1,600 superconducting magnets were British universities received 2,000 more applications for installed, with most weighing in excess of 27 tonnes, physics degrees than in previous years). in a collaborative effort involving more than 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries. CERN provides opportunities for both apprentices and graduates to visit and work at the site, so more Universities across the UK helped build the highly young people have the chance to build the career that sensitive detectors at the heart of the LHC’s they want.