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Arxiv:2001.07837V2 [Hep-Ex] 4 Jul 2020 Scale Funding Will Be Requested at Different Stages Across the Globe
Brazilian Participation in the Next-Generation Collider Experiments W. L. Aldá Júniora C. A. Bernardesb D. De Jesus Damiãoa M. Donadellic D. E. Martinsd G. Gil da Silveirae;a C. Henself H. Malbouissona A. Massafferrif E. M. da Costaa C. Mora Herreraa I. Nastevad M. Rangeld P. Rebello Telesa T. R. F. P. Tomeib A. Vilela Pereiraa aDepartamento de Física Nuclear e Altas Energias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil bUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Núcleo de Computação Científica Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271, 01140-070, Sao Paulo, Brazil cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1371, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil dUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil eInstituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9550, CEP 91501-970, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, Brazil f Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This proposal concerns the participation of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics community in the next-generation collider experiments. -
Muon Bundles As a Sign of Strangelets from the Universe
Draft version October 19, 2018 Typeset using LATEX default style in AASTeX61 MUON BUNDLES AS A SIGN OF STRANGELETS FROM THE UNIVERSE P. Kankiewicz,1 M. Rybczynski,´ 1 Z. W lodarczyk,1 and G. Wilk2 1Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland 2National Centre for Nuclear Research, Department of Fundamental Research, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT Recently the CERN ALICE experiment, in its dedicated cosmic ray run, observed muon bundles of very high multiplicities, thereby confirming similar findings from the LEP era at CERN (in the CosmoLEP project). Originally it was argued that they apparently stem from the primary cosmic rays with a heavy masses. We propose an alternative possibility arguing that muonic bundles of highest multiplicity are produced by strangelets, hypothetical stable lumps of strange quark matter infiltrating our Universe. We also address the possibility of additionally deducing their directionality which could be of astrophysical interest. Significant evidence for anisotropy of arrival directions of the observed high multiplicity muonic bundles is found. Estimated directionality suggests their possible extragalactic provenance. Keywords: astroparticle physics: cosmic rays: reference systems arXiv:1612.04749v2 [hep-ph] 17 Mar 2017 Corresponding author: M. Rybczy´nski [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Kankiewicz et al. 1. INTRODUCTION Cosmic ray physics is our unique source of information on events in the energy range which will never be accessible in Earth-bound experiments Dar & De Rujula(2008); Letessier-Selvon & Stanev(2011). This is why one of the most important aspects of their investigation is the understanding of the primary cosmic ray (CR) flux and its composition. -
Trigger and Data Acquisition
Trigger and data acquisition N. Ellis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract The lectures address some of the issues of triggering and data acquisition in large high-energy physics experiments. Emphasis is placed on hadron-collider experiments that present a particularly challenging environment for event se- lection and data collection. However, the lectures also explain how T/DAQ systems have evolved over the years to meet new challenges. Some examples are given from early experience with LHC T/DAQ systems during the 2008 single-beam operations. 1 Introduction These lectures concentrate on experiments at high-energy particle colliders, especially the general- purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1]. These experiments represent a very chal- lenging case that illustrates well the problems that have to be addressed in state-of-the-art high-energy physics (HEP) trigger and data-acquisition (T/DAQ) systems. This is also the area in which the author is working (on the trigger for the ATLAS experiment at LHC) and so is the example that he knows best. However, the lectures start with a more general discussion, building up to some examples from LEP [2] that had complementary challenges to those of the LHC. The LEP examples are a good reference point to see how HEP T/DAQ systems have evolved in the last few years. Students at this school come from various backgrounds — phenomenology, experimental data analysis in running experiments, and preparing for future experiments (including working on T/DAQ systems in some cases). These lectures try to strike a balance between making the presentation accessi- ble to all, and going into some details for those already familiar with T/DAQ systems. -
Prospects of Measuring the Branching Fraction of the Higgs Boson
ILD-PHYS-2020-002 09 September 2020 Prospects of measuring the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decaying into muon pairs at the International Linear Collider Shin-ichi Kawada∗, Jenny List∗, Mikael Berggren∗ ∗ DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany Abstract The prospects for measuring the branching fraction of H µ+µ at the International → − Linear Collider (ILC) have been evaluated based on a full detector simulation of the Interna- tional Large Detector (ILD) concept, considering centre-of-mass energies (√s) of 250 GeV + + and 500 GeV. For both √s cases, the two final states e e− qqH and e e− ννH 1 → → 1 have been analyzed. For integrated luminosities of 2 ab− at √s = 250 GeV and 4 ab− at √s = 500 GeV, the combined precision on the branching fraction of H µ+µ is estim- → − ated to be 17%. The impact of the transverse momentum resolution for this analysis is also studied∗. arXiv:2009.04340v1 [hep-ex] 9 Sep 2020 ∗This work was carried out in the framework of the ILD concept group 1 Introduction 1 Introduction A Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson with mass of 125 GeV has been discovered by the ATLAS ∼ and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1, 2]. Recently, the decay mode of the Higgs boson to bottom quarks H bb has been observed at the LHC [3, 4], as well as the ttH production → process [5, 6], both being consistent with the SM prediction. However, there are several important questions to which the SM does not offer an answer: it neither explains the hierarchy problem, nor does it address the nature of dark matter, the origin of cosmic inflation, or the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in the universe. -
Tuning the HF Calorimeter Gflash Simulation Using CMS Data Jeff Van Harlingen1 Rahmat Rahmat2 Eduardo Ibarra García Padilla3
Tuning the HF Calorimeter GFlash Simulation Using CMS Data Jeff Van Harlingen1 Rahmat Rahmat2 Eduardo Ibarra García Padilla3 1Madison Junior High School (NCUSD 203) 2Mid-America Christian University 3Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Outline .LHC and CMS Description .Particle Collisions .The Higgs Boson .HF Calorimeter at CMS .GFlash Speed and Accuracy Tuning .Future Applications Large Hadron Collider (LHC) .Located at CERN in Switzerland .Four major experiments (CMS, ATLAS, ALICE, and LHCb) .The LHC is a 27-km ring lined with superconducting magnets Large Hadron Collider (LHC) .Two particle-beams are accelerated close to the speed of light .Collisions between these high-energy beams, create particles that could tell us about the fundamental building blocks of the universe Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) .14,000 Ton Detector .One of the largest science collaborations in history: .4,300 physicists, engineers, technicians, etc. .182 Universities and institutions .42 countries represented .21 meters long .15 meters wide .15 meters high Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Solenoid Creates 4 Tesla magnetic field to bend the path of particles Silicon Tracker Measuring the positions of passing charged particles allows us to reconstruct their tracks. Electromagnetic Calorimeter Measure the energies of electrons and photons Hadronic Calorimeter Measure the energies of hadronic particles (Pions) Muon Chambers Tracks Muon Trajectories Hadronic Forward Calorimeter Measure the energies of hadronic and electromagnetic particles How do we detect particles? “Just as hunters can identify animals from tracks in mud or snow, physicists identify subatomic particles from the traces they leave in detectors” -CERN .Accelerators .Tracking Devices .Calorimeters .Particle ID Detectors Step-by-Step Collision 1. -
Compact Muon Solenoid Detector (CMS) & the Token Bit Manager
Compact Muon Solenoid Detector (CMS) & The Token Bit Manager (TBM) Alex Armstrong & Wyatt Behn Mentor: Dr. Andrew Ivanov Part 1: The TBM and CMS ● Understanding how the LHC and the CMS detector work as a unit ● Learning how the TBM is a vital part of the CMS detector ● Physically handling and testing the TBM chips in the Hi- bay Motivation ● The CMS detector requires upgrades to handle increased beam luminosity ● Minimizing data loss in the innermost regions of the detector will therefore require faster, lighter, more durable, and more functional TBM chips than the current TBM 05a We tested many of the new TBM08b and TBM09 chips to guarantee that they meet certain standards of operation. CERN Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (European Council for Nuclear Research) (1952) Image Credit:: http://home.web.cern.ch/ CERN -> LHC Large Hadron Collider (2008) Two proton beams 1) ATLAS travel in opposite 2) ALICE directions until 3) LHCb collision in detectors 4) CMS Image Credit: hep://home.web.cern.ch/topics/large--‐hadron--‐collider Image Credit: http://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/collisions.htm CERN -> LHC -> CMS Compact Muon Solenoid (2008) Image Credit: hep://cms.web.cern.ch/ Image Credit: http://home.web.cern.ch/about/experiments/cms CMS Detector System Image Credit: hep://home.web.cern.ch/about/experiments/cms Inner Silicon Tracker Semiconductor detector technology used to measure and time stamp position of charged particles Inner layers consist of pixels for highest possible resolution Outer layers -
HGCAL BEAM TEST Detailed Report/User GUIDE
HGCAL BEAM TEST Detailed Report/User GUIDE PROJECT GUIDE: DAVID BARNEY NAME: DEEPAK KUMAR CHOUBEY, AAYUSH ANAND Acknowledgement This internship opportunity we had with HGCAL group at CERN was a great chance for learning and professional development. It is our first intern. we feel lucky to work with such highly experienced people in the world’s largest Nuclear Research Centre. Special thanks to P. Behera, D. Barney to put us here. we would also like to grab this opportunity to thank Andre David for continuously guiding us throughout this internship. We gained a lot of theoretical and practical aspect of knowledge with a motivation to use it further for ourself and the betterment of our professional career. Deepak, Aayush IIT Madras [email protected] [email protected] Table of Contents 1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 #. CERN #. CMS #. HGCAL 2.Beam Test …………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 #. Overview #. Data Taking #. Data Analysis 3.Feedback/ Experience………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18 4.References and contact details…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 1.INTRODUCTION #.CERN It is the world’s largest and most sophisticated Nuclear Research center, located at the border of Switzerland and France. Its provisional body was founded on 1952. It uses very large and complex instruments to study about fundamental particles. Here, particles are made to collide at a very large speed. This gives their physicists to study about the particle interactions and behavior after the collisions. European organization for nuclear research became renown after their famous discovery of Higgs boson. It has many experiments going on simultaneously at different locations in CERN. Its major experiments are *CMS (compact muon solenoid) *ATLAS ( a toroid LHC apparatus) *ALICE ( a large ion collider experiment) *LHC (large hadron collider) • and other experiments are ASACUSA, ATRAP, AWAKE, BASE, CAST, CLOUD, COMPASS, LHCf, MOEDAL, NA61/SHINE, NA62 etc. -
Cosmic-Ray Studies with Experimental Apparatus at LHC
S S symmetry Article Cosmic-Ray Studies with Experimental Apparatus at LHC Emma González Hernández 1, Juan Carlos Arteaga 2, Arturo Fernández Tellez 1 and Mario Rodríguez-Cahuantzi 1,* 1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Edif. EMA3-231, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; [email protected] (E.G.H.); [email protected] (A.F.T.) 2 Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana, 58040 Morelia, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 September 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 15 October 2020 Abstract: The study of cosmic rays with underground accelerator experiments started with the LEP detectors at CERN. ALEPH, DELPHI and L3 studied some properties of atmospheric muons such as their multiplicity and momentum. In recent years, an extension and improvement of such studies has been carried out by ALICE and CMS experiments. Along with the LHC high luminosity program some experimental setups have been proposed to increase the potential discovery of LHC. An example is the MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles detector (MATHUSLA) designed for searching of Ultra Stable Neutral Particles, predicted by extensions of the Standard Model such as supersymmetric models, which is planned to be a surface detector placed 100 meters above ATLAS or CMS experiments. Hence, MATHUSLA can be suitable as a cosmic ray detector. In this manuscript the main results regarding cosmic ray studies with LHC experimental underground apparatus are summarized. The potential of future MATHUSLA proposal is also discussed. Keywords: cosmic ray physics at CERN; atmospheric muons; trigger detectors; muon bundles 1. -
The Cell Geometry Is Adapted to the Manufacturing Process. One Side Of
R&D for the Future 443 The cell geometry is adapted to the manufacturing process. One side of the cell carries all the features required for the RF, whereas the other side is flat for bonding (Fig. 12.11). The cells are diamond machined, joined by diffusion bonding under hydrogen at about 1000°C and vacuum baked at 650°C. With exacting machining tolerances, typically in the 1 µm range, the tuning of the final structure is avoided. A number of test facilities is in operation worldwide including those at CERN which houses the only facility modelling the two-beam scheme in addition to a number of test stands powered by klystrons for high turn-around of testing structure variants. Nominal accelerating gradients of 100 MV/m have been achieved in the accelerating structures under development in a worldwide collaboration with the required low break-down rate while the PETSs have been tested at the nominal output power of 150 MW. However, more variants of these two structures have to be built and examined to address HOM damping, lifetime, breakdown statistics, industrial-scale fabrication, and better understanding of the break-down mechanisms. The Next Energy Frontier e+e− Collider: Innovation in Detectors Lucie Linssen Throughout the history of particle physics, both protons and electrons, with their respective antiparticles, have been used extensively for high energy colliders [Box 4.1]. The merits and difficulties of physics research with high luminosity proton–proton colliders are briefly described in the Box 8.3. Electrons, in contrast to protons, are genuine elementary particles. Apart from initial-state radiation and beamstrahlung effects (see below), they provide very good knowledge of the initial state of the collision. -
Physics Potential of an Experiment Using LHC Neutrinos
Available on the CMS information server CMS NOTE 2019-001 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment CMS Note Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland 2019/03/05 Physics Potential of an Experiment using LHC Neutrinos N. Beni1, M. Brucoli2, S. Buontempo3, V. Cafaro4, G.M. Dallavalle4, S. Danzeca2, G. De Lellis5, A. Di Crescenzo3, V. Giordano4, C. Guandalini4, D. Lazic6, S. Lo Meo7, F. L. Navarria4, and Z. Szillasi1 1 Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Inst. for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary, and CERN,Geneva, Switzerland 2 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 3 Universita` di Napoli Federico II and INFN, sezione di Napoli, Italy 4 INFN sezione di Bologna and Dipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita,` Bologna, Italy 5 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, and Universita` Federico II and INFN sezione di Napoli, Italy 6 Boston University, Department of Physics, Boston, MA 02215, USA 7 INFN sezione di Bologna and ENEA Research Centre E. Clementel, Bologna, Italy Abstract Production of neutrinos is abundant at LHC. Flavour composition and energy reach of the neutrino flux from proton-proton collisions depend on the pseudorapidity h. At large h, energies can exceed the TeV, with a sizeable contribution of the t flavour. A dedicated detector could intercept this intense neutrino flux in the forward direction, and measure the interaction cross section on nucleons in the unexplored energy range arXiv:1903.06564v1 [hep-ex] 15 Mar 2019 from a few hundred GeV to a few TeV. The high energies of neutrinos result in a larger nN interaction cross section, and the detector size can be relatively small. -
Femtoscopy of Proton-Proton Collisions in the ALICE Experiment
Femtoscopy of proton-proton collisions in the ALICE experiment DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nicolas Bock, B.Sc. B.Eng., M.Sc. Graduate Program in Physics The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor Thomas J. Humanic, Advisor Professor Michael Lisa #1 Professor Klaus Honscheid #2 Professor Richard Furnstahl #3 c Copyright by Nicolas Bock 2011 Abstract The Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) at CERN has been designed to study matter at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, with the long term goal of observing deconfined matter (free quarks and gluons), study its properties and learn more details about the phase diagram of nuclear matter. The ALICE experiment provides excellent particle tracking capabilities in high multiplicity proton-proton and heavy ion collisions, allowing to carry out detailed research of nuclear matter. This dissertation presents the study of the space time structure of the particle emission region, also known as femtoscopy, in proton- proton collisions at 0.9, 2.76 and 7.0 TeV. The emission region can be characterized by taking advantage of the Bose-Einstein effect for identical particles, which causes an enhancement of produced identical pairs at low relative momentum. The geometry of the emission region is related to the relative momentum distribution of all pairs by the Fourier transform of the source function, therefore the measurement of the final relative momentum distribution allows to extract the initial space-time characteristics. Results show that there is a clear dependence of the femtoscopic radii on event multiplicity as well as transverse momentum, a signature of the transition of nuclear matter into its fundamental components and also of strong interaction among these. -
Start-Up of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN “Possibilities for a Belgian Nobel Prize in physics” Belgian Media File Abstract: Scientists and engineers from around the world are finalizing the last construction stage of the largest and most complex scientific experiment ever. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN involves diverse frontline technologies applied for the first time. It is a circular particle collider of 27 km circumference built about 100 m underground on the French-Swiss border near Geneva. The first particle beams will be injected at about the speed of light on the 10th of September, indicating the real start of the experiment. Large media events are being organized at CERN and around the world. Later this year this unique facility will collide protons reaching the highest temperatures ever equal to those in existence a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. Teams from several Belgian universities are contributing to the installation of a gigantic detector to study the physics phenomena occurring in these collisions. The data accumulated with the so-called Compact Muon Solenoid detector will provide the possibility to make revolutionary steps in our understanding of Nature on both the scale of the smallest particles and the largest scales in our Universe. The data from this facility should lead to a final conclusion on the existence of a yet undiscovered particle scientists believe to be responsible for the mass of the particles in our Universe. The discovery of this particle could result in a Nobel Prize for the three scientists, amongst whom two Belgians R.Brout and F.Englert, who first postulated its existence.