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Insights Into the Origin of the Scourie Dykes from Geochemistry and Geochronology

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Insights Into the Origin of the Scourie Dykes from Geochemistry and Geochronology Insights into the origin of the Scourie Dykes from geochemistry and geochronology by Joshua Davies $WKHVLVVXEPLWWHGLQSDUWLDOIXO¿OOPHQWRIWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHGHJUHHRI Doctor of Philosophy Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science University of Alberta © Joshua Davies, 2014 Abstract $PXOWLWHFKQLTXHJHRFKHPLFDOVWXG\RIWKH6FRXULHG\NHVLQWKH/HZLVLDQJQHLVV FRPSOH[ /*& RIQRUWKZHVW6FRWODQGLVSUHVHQWHG7KH6FRXULHG\NHVDUHDVHW RI QRUWKZHVWVRXWKHDVW WUHQGLQJ PD¿F DQG XOWUDPD¿F G\NHV WKDW LQWUXGH WKH /*& EHWZHHQWZRSHULRGVRIKLJKJUDGHUHJLRQDOPHWDPRUSKLVP1HZ83EUDGLRPHWULF DJHVIURP]LUFRQDQGEDGGHOH\LWHLQGLFDWHG\NHHPSODFHPHQWRFFXUUHGGXULQJWZR SHULRGVVHSDUDWHGE\aP\7KHPDMRULW\RIWKHG\NHVZHUHHPSODFHGDWa *DZLWKDPLQRULQWUXVLRQHYHQWDWa*D7KHGLVWULEXWLRQRIDJHVLQWKHa*D HYHQWLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKG\NHHPSODFHPHQWGXULQJSRVWFROOLVLRQDOH[WHQVLRQDIWHUWKH FROOLVLRQRIWKH$VV\QWDQG5KLFRQLFKWHUUDQHVLQWKHQRUWKHUQ/*& 7KHR[\JHQLVRWRSLFFRPSRVLWLRQ į182 RI]LUFRQIURPWKH6FRXULHG\NHVLQGLFDWHV WKDWWKHVRXUFHUHJLRQRIWKHG\NHVFRQWDLQHGDORZį182FRPSRQHQW7KH]LUFRQV KDYHSULPDU\į182YDOXHVGRZQWR‰į182YDOXHVEHORZ‰ can only be FUHDWHGWKURXJKLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKPHWHRULFZDWHUDWWKH(DUWK¶VVXUIDFH7KHUHIRUH the Scourie dyke magmas likely contain a recycled component that has previously LQWHUDFWHGZLWKVXUIDFHZDWHUV7KHPDJPDWLFORZį18O signature in the zircons is ob- VFXUHGE\SRVWHPSODFHPHQWÀXLGDOWHUDWLRQGXULQJWKH&DOHGRQLDQRURJHQ\DWa 0D $ QHZ WHFKQLTXH LQYROYLQJ 5DPDQ VSHFWURVFRS\ DQG WUDFH HOHPHQW DQDO\VLV FRPELQHGZLWKLRQSUREHR[\JHQLVRWRSLFDQDO\VLVLVSUHVHQWHGZKLFKGLVWLQJXLVKHV DUHDVRI]LUFRQJUDLQVWKDWVWLOOUHFRUGSULPDU\į18O signatures from areas in grains ZKLFKKDYHEHHQUHVHW *HRFKHPLFDOPRGHOLQJRIWKH6FRXULHG\NHVLVDOVRSUHVHQWHG7KHPRGHOLQJLQ- dicates that melting of an enriched mantle source cannot produce the dyke trace HOHPHQWFKHPLVWU\0HOWLQJRID3ULPLWLYH0DQWOHVRXUFHIROORZHGE\DVVLPLODWLRQ ii of crustal material can explain the enriched trace-element compositions found in the G\NHV7KHJHRFKHPLFDOPRGHOLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKHR[\JHQLVRWRSLFLQIRUPDWLRQ IURPWKH]LUFRQVLQWKHG\NHV An initial study investigating the possibility of oxygen isotopic analysis of baddeley- LWHE\LRQSUREHLVDOVRSUHVHQWHG,QPD¿FURFNVEDGGHOH\LWHLVPRUHFRPPRQWKDQ ]LUFRQDQGFRPPRQO\UHFRUGVFRQFRUGDQWRUFORVHWRFRQFRUGDQW83EDJHV2[\JHQ isotopic analysis of zircon has been instrumental in understanding U-Pb systematics DQGÀXLGURFNLQWHUDFWLRQV8QIRUWXQDWHO\EDGGHOH\LWHR[\JHQLVRWRSLFDQDO\VLVE\ ion probe is currently hindered by heterogeneous reference materials$QDO\VLVRI EDGGHOH\LWHIURPWKH'XFN/DNHVLOO '/6 LQQRUWKHUQ&DQDGDZKLFKKDVFRFU\V- WDOOL]HGZLWK]LUFRQVXJJHVWVWKDWWKHEDGGHOH\LWHFDQEHLQLVRWRSLFHTXLOLEULXPZLWK ]LUFRQDQGWKHUHIRUHUHFRUGWKHR[\JHQLVRWRSLFFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHSDUHQWPDJPD 7KH'/6EDGGHOH\LWHR[\JHQLVRWRSLFFRPSRVLWLRQVDOVRLQGLFDWHWKDWEDGGHOH\LWH PD\H[FKDQJHR[\JHQPRUHUHDGLO\WKDQ]LUFRQZLWKPHWHRULFZDWHUZLWKRXWORVLQJ VLJQL¿FDQWOHDG iii Preface Some of the research conducted during this thesis forms part of an international and QDWLRQDOUHVHDUFKFROODERUDWLRQ7KHUHVXOWVSUHVHQWHGLQ&KDSWHUZHUHFROOHFWHGDW 0F(ZDQ8QLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI:LVFRQVLQ0DGLVRQDQGWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$O- EHUWD,FROOHFWHGWKH5DPDQGDWDZLWKWKHDVVLVWDQFHRI'U(ULQ:DOWRQDW0F(ZDQ 8QLYHUVLW\:KROHURFNODVHUÀXRULQDWLRQR[\JHQLVRWRSLFUHVXOWVZHUHJHQHUDWHGDW WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI:LVFRQVLQ0DGLGRQE\'U-RKQ9DOOH\'U5LFKDUG6WHUQZLWK assistance from me, conducted all SIMS oxygen isotopic results presented in chapter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