Norse Influences in Sheep Husbandry on Foula, Shetland
NORSE INFLUENCES IN SHEEP HUSBANDRY ON FOULA, SHETLAND John R. Baldwin After colonisation, and as raiding gradually died away, Norse settlers in the north Atlantic looked to a seasonal pattern of fa,rming, herding, hunting and fishing. The balance of activities obviously varied according to environment - the further north the settlement, .the greater the emphasis on pastoralism and hunting, and the lesser the emphasis on arable cultivation. A look at the historical Farnes will show that they were on the very fringe of adequate barley cultivation, and that oats were a little beyond effective cultivation (Landt 1810. 286). Consequently, although arable was important to the Farnese and there was always a little domestic fishing, traditionally they have looked more to livestock husbandry, sea-bird fowling, and hunting the small ca'ing whale for basic survival (Coull 1967. 160). Shetland, however, had a somewhat kinder climate, It was a little further south, less mountainous, and had better grass and moorland. Cultivation has generally played a larger role there, though to nothing like the same extent as in Orkney; and fishing has been particularly important. This has meant a markedly smaller dependence on e.g. fowling and whale-hunting - food sources that became valuable mainly just at certain times of th<:; year, in late spring, summer and autumn, before the harvesting of the new season's crops (Baldwin 1974. 96, 98). Nonetheless, certain parts of Shetland bear a close resemblance to the.Farnes - e.g. parts of Northmavine, Unst, Fair Isle and Foula. · Foula [Fig. 10.1] is some 27 miles west of Scalloway; 16-17 miles from the nearest poi:pt of Shetland's Westside.
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