Extended phase 1 habitat survey

Field to north of Ysgol Bro Hyddgen and Gasworks lane access route Machynlleth, Powys Powys County Council

Ref: Vital-WLGL-EP1-17-08-2020

17th August 2020

Author: Scott Roe BSc (Hons), ACIEEM, AMRSB

Signed Date 17/8/2020

Vital Ecology Unti 1 Dyfi Eco Park, Powys, Machynlleth, SY20 8JB

01654 701 499 / 07805 618 595 [email protected] / www.itsvital.co.uk Field to North of Ysgol Bro Hyddgen and Gasworks lane access route, Machynlleth, Powys

Executive summary

Report overview This extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey was commissioned by Powys County Council. The purpose of this survey was to assess the site, recording habitat types and noting any presence or signs of protected species. Habitats that could support protected species are also noted where appropriate. Any potential constraints to development due to habitats, species or features recorded are clearly shown along with recommendations for mitigation, compensation or further surveys.

Summary of 25 designated or priority habitats were recorded within the 1km search radius of the proposed findings development. One hundred and twenty four priority species were found to be recorded within 1km of the central development grid reference. One priority habitat were found within the survey area; Hedgerows. No priority species were recorded during the survey. A previous Phase 1 survey in 2018 recorded two priority species; Coenonympha pamphilus (Small Heath) and (Boloria selene) Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary. One invasive species was recorded during the survey; Impatiens glandulifera (Himalyan Balsam).

Suitable habitat was found for a number of priority or conservation concern species, including but not limited to: Tyto alba (Barn Owl), Emberiza citrinella (Yellowhammer), Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) and Sturnus vulgaris (Starling). Zootoca vivipara (Common Lizard), Natrix helvetica (Grass snake), Anguis fragilis (Slow worm), Bufo bufo (Common Toad), Lutra lutra (Otter), Arvicola amphibius (Water Vole), Emberiza citrinella, (Small Heath) and Boloria selene (Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary).

Overview of It is recommended that Water Vole, Otter and Reptile surveys are conducted and if recommendations species are found to be present that appropriate mitigation and/or compensation measures are applied.

Any development proposals should consider mitigation and biosecurity measures to avoid the possibility of spreading Impatiens glandulifera (Himalyan Balsam).

Further recommendations are detailed in Appendix 5.

Other Widespread Reptiles: Slow-worm, Viviparous lizard, Grass snake and Adder have protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

Water voles are now fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). This protection has implications for developers and planners who wish to carry out work where water voles are present.

The Otter is protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, known as the ‘Habitats Regulations’ Contents

1. Introduction 1.1. Site details and description 1.2. Proposed development or project 1.2.2.Disclaimer 2. Methods 2.1. Desk study 2.2. Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey and methodology statement

3. Survey Results: Desk study 3.1.1.Designated sites of importance for nature conservation 3.2. Protected, Priority and notable species

3.3. Geological and soil data 3.3.1.Basic geological overview 3.3.2. Basic Soil Overview

3.4. Phase 1 Habitat Survey - Habitats 3.5. Phase 1 Habitat Survey - Species 3.6. Survey Constraints

4. Evaluation and recommendations and field survey findings 4.1. Designations 4.2. Habitats 4.3. Species 4.3.9 Field study constraints 4.4. Concluding statement

5.Wildlife legislation and planning policy 5.1. European protected species 5.2. Other protected species 5.3. Planning policy Wales or National planning policy framework 5.4. Schedule 9 plant species 5.5.Trees and the law

6. References

7. Appendices Appendix 1. Phase 1 habitat map Appendix 2. Site photographs Appendix 3. Species list Appendix 4. Ecological statements Appendix 5. Ecological enhancement opportunities Appendix 6. Guide to designation names Appendix 7. Guide to species and habitat protection codes Field to north of Ysgol Bro Hyddgen and Gasworks lane access route, Machynlleth, Powys

1. Introduction

This extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey was commissioned by Powys County Council. The survey was a combined Phase 1 Habitat survey and protected species survey. The purpose of this survey was to assess the site, recording habitat types and noting any presence or signs of protected species. Habitats that could support any protected species are also noted where appropriate. Any potential constraints to development due to habitats, species or features recorded are clearly shown along with recommendations for mitigation, compensation or further surveys.

1.1. Site The site is located on the western edge of the town of Machynlleth in Powys with a central survey grid reference of SH 74301 00692, (Appendix 1). The site consists of marshy grassland, improved grassland, hedgerows and ditch habitats and is approximately 1.7 ha in size. The surrounding land largely consists of, improved grassland, semi- natural broadleaved woodland, poor semi-improved grassland and buildings. Other less extensive habitats found within 1km of the core survey site include, bare ground, dense scrub, bracken, standing water and planted coniferous woodland. A complete list of habitats present can be found in section 3.4.

1.2. Proposed development, project or action Powys County Council propose the construction of a new grass-pitch for Ysgol Bro Hyddgen. Access for maintenance and emergency vehicles would be via Gasworks lane.

1.2.2. Disclaimer Vital Ecology has exercised due care in preparing this report and the content has been provided in accordance with the CIEEM Code of Professional Conduct. We have not independently verified information provided by others. No other warranty, express or implied, is made in relation to the content of this report and Vital Ecology assumes no liability for any loss resulting from errors, omissions or misrepresentation made by others. Nothing in this report constitutes legal opinion. If legal opinion is required the advice of a qualified legal professional should be secured. Any observations relating to built structures or trees have been made from an ecological point of view and, unless stated otherwise, do not constitute structural or arboricultural advice.

2. Methods 2.1. Desk Study A biological data search was carried out through the local biological records centre ‘Biodiversity Information Service for Powys & Brecon Beacons National Park’. This initial search identified priority species, species of conservation concern and locally important species that have been recorded within 1km of the survey area.

The Multi-Agency Geographical information for the countryside (MAGIC) was consulted to obtain information relating to site designations within the area. Consultation of The National Biodiversity Network (NBN) website provided us with further information and cross-checking relating to protected, priority or notable species in the area. The British Geological Society’s ‘iGeology application’ and The European Soil Data Centre’s ‘mySoil application’ were consulted for relevant data. Aerial photography was used as a tool for initial examination of the sites characteristics and to view the surrounding area. The use of aerial photography was also used to locate any potential features of interest on the site and within the wider landscape.

2.2. Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey and methodology statement An extended Phase 1 Habitat survey was carried out by Scott Roe, an experienced ecological consultant and associate member of CIEEM. The survey was carried out in warm, calm and dry conditions on Tuesday 28th July 2020. The extended phase 1 habitat survey was carried out in accordance with JNCC guidelines.

Phase 1 habitat survey is a standard survey method and classification tool that allows the categorisation and mapping of habitats in an accurate and consistent way. Extended phase 1 habitat surveys include initial surveys and searches for signs of protected, priority and notable species. The potential suitability of habitats on site and within the surrounding area for supporting protected, priority and notable species is also noted.

Badgers Survey sites are searched for signs such as latrines, setts, footprints, hairs caught on fences and feeding scrapes.

Water Voles Where suitable habitat exists careful searches are carried out to locate field signs such as plant stems, other feeding remains, latrines, runs and burrows.

Otters All riparian zones when reasonably and safely accessible are carefully searched for Otter signs such as spraint, footprints, feeding remains, lay-up sites, holts and slides. An in-stream/river survey is also carried out in all locations where this is safe to do so. Any likely layup sites are examined for signs of Otters and where necessary a torch may be used.

Bats Surveys for bats vary hugely depending on the development and situation. Often the only survey required is an assessment of the habitat in terms of bat potential. Any natural roosting sites are noted and if required their location included in the report. If it is likely that bat roosts are present in sensitive areas of the site a scoping survey would be carried out and a separate specific bat survey may be recommended.

Birds Checks are made for nests from the previous season. Depending on time of year breeding bird activity may be noted and further nest searches carried out if appropriate.

Other protected species All habitats and sites are assessed for the potential to support protected species, in terms of breeding sites, feeding sites or the sites capacity to provide corridor routes or other ecological services to a protected species such as shelter. 3.3. Methods Survey results - Desk study 3.1. Desk study 3.1.1. Designated sites of importance for nature conservation Dyfi Biosphere transition zone.

Regionally Important Geodiversity Sites Machynlleth Railway Cutting (599m from the central grid reference). Ogof-fach Road Section (610m from the central grid reference).

Road Verge Nature Reserve Machynlleth Golf Course (974m from the central grid reference)

Ancient semi-natural woodland sites Seven sites are found within the 1km study area.

Restored Ancient Woodland Sites Seven sites are found within 1km of the 1km study area.

Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site Four sites are found within the 1km study area.

NRW Priority Area (Woodland - PAWS) Four sites are found within the 1km study area. 3.3. Methods Survey results - Desk study 3.1. Desk study

3.2. Protected, Priority and notable species recorded in surrounding area (1km radius)

Important note: Species shown in red are sensitive records and must not be released into the public domain.

Priority species (49 species) Birds (29 species) Acanthis cabaret (Lesser Redpoll) BAP/S42/Red Reptiles and amphibians (3 species) Accipiter gentilis (Northern Goshawk) Schedule 1 Anguis fragilis (Slow worm) BAP/S42 Alauda arvensis (Skylark) Red Zootoca vivipara (Common Lizard) BAP/S42) Anas acuta (Northern Pintail) Schedule 1/Amber Natrix helvetica (Grass snake) BAP/S42 Circus cyaneus (Hen Harrier) Schedule 1/S42 Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) BAP/S42/Red Invertebrates (5 species) Cygnus cygnus (Whooper Swan) Schedule 1/Amber Lasiommata megera (Wall) BAP/S42/Near Threatened Emberiza citrinella (Yellowhammer) BAP/S42/Red Tyria jacobaeae (Cinnabar) BAP/S42 Sturnus vulgaris (Starling) Red Hoplodrina blanda (Rustic) BAP/S42 Turdus philomelos (Song Thrush) Red Melanchra persicariae (Dot Moth) BAP/S42 Prunella modularis (Dunock) Amber Spilosoma lubricipeda (White Ermine) BAP/S42 Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Bullfinch) Amber Tyto alba (Barn Owl) Schedule 1/Wales Sensitive sp Fungi (29 species)* Anthus trivialis (Tree Pipit) BAP/S42 Red Pachyphiale carneola Clangula hyemalis (Long-Tailed Duck) Schedule 1/Red Pannaria conoplea Milvus milvus (Red Kite) Schedule 1/Near Threatened Parmelinopsis horrescens Numenius arquata (Curlew) BAP/S42/Red Parmotrema perlatum Passer domesticus (House Sparrow) BAP/S42/Red Collema furfuraceum Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Wood Warbler) BAP/S42 /Red Physcia tribacioides Ficedula hypoleuca (Pied Flycatcher) S42/Red Schismatomma graphidioid Larus argentatus (Herring Gull) Red Sticta limbata Linaria cannabina (Common Linnet) Red Sticta fuliginosa Streptopelia turtur (Turtle Dove) BAP/S42/Red Hygrocybe chlorophana Lagopus lagopus (Red Grouse) LBAP Hygrocybe flavipes Emberiza schoeniclus (Reed Bunting) LBAP Hygrocybe ceracea Turdus iliacus (Redwing) LBAP Hygrocybe reidii Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Hawfinch) Hygrocybe ingrata Linaria cannabina (Linnet) Schedule 7 Hygrocybe insipida Turdus pilaris (Fieldfare) (LBAP) Hygrocybe punicea Geoglossum atropurpureum… Flowering plants (1 species) Microglossum olivaceum Hyacinthoides non-scripta (Bluebell) Schedule 8 Clavaria zollingeri Hygrocybe coccinea Mammals (8 species) Hygrocybe quieta Erinaceus europaeus (Hedgehog) BAP/S42 Hygrocybe acutoconica Meles Meles (Badger) Protection of Badgers act / Gliophorus laetus Sensitive sp Wales and England Gliophorus psittacinus Lepus europaeus (Hare) BAP /S42 Hygrocybe conica Lutra lutra (Otter) BAP/S42/Near Threatened Gliophorus irrigatus Pipistrellus pipistrellus S42 Glutinoglossum glutinosu Pipistrellus pygmaeus S42/Sensitive species Hygrocybe cantharellus Mustela nivalis (Weasel) Hygrocybe intermedia Nyctalus noctula (Noctule) BAP/S42 *Additionally there are 49 records of priority or local lichen species which are available upon request. 3. Survey Results - Desk study

3.3. Geological and soil data

3.3.1. Basic geological overview Superficial Geology: Alluvium - clay, silt, sand and gravel. Superficial deposits

Bedrock Geology: Devil’s Bridge Formation - Mudstone and sandstone, inter-bedded. Sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 433 to 444 million years ago in the Silurian period.

3.3.2 Basic soil overview Dominant habitat: Rough grassland Soil Depth: Deep Organic matter: Medium pH: Moderately acidic Soil parent material: Riverine clay, Sands and gravels Soil texture: Clay to sandy loam

3.4. Phase 1 Habitat Survey - Habitats Habitat compartments found within this survey area, in order of relative abundance: improved grassland (18%) , semi-natural broadleaved woodland (4%), poor semi-improved grassland (4%) , buildings (4%), bare ground (1%), dense scrub (1%), bracken (1%), standing water (1%), planted coniferous woodland (1%), unimproved acid grassland (1%), intact hedge (<1%), semi-improved acid grassland (<1%), valley mire (<1%), recently felled woodland (<1%), planted mixed woodland (<1%), marshy grassland Molinia dominated (<1%), quarry (<1%), acid/neutral rock (<1%)

3. Survey results - Desk study

3.5. Phase 1 Habitat Survey - Protected, priority and notable species

3.5.1 Otters Otters were found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site

3.5.2. Water Voles No Water Voles were found to be recorded within 1km the proposed site

3.5.3. Badgers Badgers were found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site

3.5.4. Dormice No Dormice were found to be recorded within 1km the proposed site

3.5.5. Bat species The following bat species were found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site: Pipistrellus pipistrellus S42 Pipistrellus pygmaeus S42/Sensitive species Nyctalus noctula (Noctule) BAP/S42 Myotis daubentonii (Daubenton's Bat) BAP/ S42

Other priority mammals 3.5.6 Other priority mammals recorded within 1km of the proposed site were: Erinaceus europaeus (Hedgehog) BAP/S42 Lepus europaeus (Hare) BAP /S42 Mustela nivalis (Weasel) LBAP

3.5.7. Great crested newts No Great Crested Newts were found to be recorded within 1km the proposed site

3.5.8. Reptiles The following species were found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site: Anguis fragilis (Slow worm) BAP/S42 Zootoca vivipara (Common Lizard) BAP /S42) Natrix helvetica (Grass snake) BAP/S42

3.5.9. Birds Twenty nine priority bird species were found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site. See 3.2 for complete list.

3.5.9b. Plant species Hyacinthoides non-scripta (Bluebell) was found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site.

3.5.9c. Lower plants Twenty nine species of priority, rare or local fungi species were found to be recorded within 1km of the proposed site. Forty nine records of priority, rare or local species of lichen were recorded within the 1km search radius, these records are available upon request. See 3.2 for a complete list of fungi species.

3.6. Desk study constraints None recorded. 4. Evaluation, recommendations and field survey findings

4.1. Designations The site falls within the transition zone of the Dyfi Biosphere. No designated sites.

4.2. Habitats classifications recorded on site / Phase 1 target notes 4.2.1. Marshy grassland (a) The field appears to be a lapsed grazing field having been lightly grazed perhaps by small numbers of sheep and occasional cattle. The compartment is largely a marshy grassland habitat with some transitional areas of improved grassland and ruderal margins. The dominant species are; Juncus effusus (Soft rush), Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog) and Randunculus repens (Creeping buttercup). The majority of the site is relatively species poor, however there are pockets of moderately species rich habitat that appear to be less improved as demonstrated by the presence of species such as Lotus corniculatus (Greater Birds-foot-trefoil), Eupatorium cannabinum (Hemp- agrimony) and Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet). The field is bordered on two sides by hedgerows; (b) and (c) and steep sided deep ditches which provide good connectivity to diverse habitats within the wider environment such as Broad leaf woodlands, riparian habitats, flowing water, scrub, scattered trees and extensive hedgerow and ditch systems. Frequent species include, Juncus acutiflorus (Sharp flowered rush), Agrostis capillaris (Common bent), Lolium perenne (Perennial rye grass), Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet vernal grass), Rumex acetosa (Common Sorrel), amongst others. Species such as Cynosurus cristatus (Crested dogs-tail), Epilobium montanum (Broad-leaved willow herb), Urtica dioica (Common Nettle), Cirsium arvense (Creeping Thistle), Persicaria maculosa (Redshank) and Valeriana officinaliss were infrequent. The habitat appeared to be moderately species rich in terms of invertebrates although conditions where not optimum for an invertebrate survey and no invertebrate specific survey has been requested. This compartment demonstrated excellent connectivity to numerous ecologically rich habitats. The provision of suitable habitat for breeding, foraging, shelter and corridor routes for mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates is very good with areas of undisturbed rough grassland, ditches, standing water and hedgerows which border a mosaic of habitats. Connectivity to the wider landscape is very good and there is the opportunity for the field edges and boundaries to be used by species such as Otters, Grass snakes, Hedgehogs, Common Lizards and Slow worms. Barn owls were found to be recorded within the area and anecdotally a Barn owl regularly hunts over this field and this is in-keeping with the high provision of amphibians, small mammals and invertebrates that this habitat is likely to provide. The site also contains nearby ruins, barns and old trees, all of which could potentially provide nesting sites for Barn Owls. 4.2.2 Hedgerow with trees (c), and standing water (d) A steep sided deep ditch bordered on both sides with dense hedgerow and mature trees. Grazing stock are denied access to the ditch and hedgerow by a fence. This undisturbed ditch, associated rough grassland and riparian habitat continue to the west and east into the surrounding landscape providing excellent connectivity, shelter and foraging opportunities. It is highly likely that this corridor route is used by a wide range of mammals, birds, invertebrates, amphibian and reptile species and evidence of use by a wide range of mammals was noted during the survey. The non-native, invasive species, Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is abundant within this compartment. Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore) and Crategus monogyna (Hawthorn) were the dominant tree species with Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn) appearing regularly. Occasional tree species included Sambucus nigra (Elder) and Corylus avellana (Hazel). The under-story was dominated by Rubus fruticosus (Bramble) and Oenanthe crocata (Hemlock Water-dropwort) with Urtica dioica (Common Nettle), Helix Hendra (Ivy), Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog), Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern) and Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) amongst others found frequently. Infrequent species included, Arrhenatherum elatius (False oat grass), Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove), Chamaenerion angustifolium (Rosebay willow-herb), Convolvulus arvensis (Bindweed), Phragmites australis (Common Reed) and Silene dioica (Red Campion). This compartment provides suitable bird nesting habitat, including priority and conservation concern bird species that were found to be recorded within 1km of the survey area; Emberiza citrinella (Yellowhammer), Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) and Sturnus vulgaris (Starling). Suitable habitat is found within this compartment for both Water Voles and Otters. 4. Evaluation, recommendations and field survey findings

4.2.3. Ditch and hedgerow with trees (b) Defunct hedgerow with standing dead wood and more mature trees. This hedgerow is fenced to prevent grazing and provides good connectivity in to the wider landscape. The tree species largely consisted of Crategus monogyna (Hawthorn) and Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn) with infrequent Fraxinus excelsior (Ash), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Corylus avellana (Hazel), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak) and Sambucus nigra (Elder). The under-story although often dominated by Helix Hendra (Ivy) was relatively diverse with more than twenty five species of flowering plant recorded. Frequent species included Cirsium arvense (Creeping thistle), Oenanthe crocata (Hemlock Water-dropwort), Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern), Urtica dioica (Common Nettle), Rubus fruticosus (Bramble), Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog), Galium aparine (Cleavers), Epilobium montanum (Broad-leaved willow-herb). Less commonly the following species were recorded; Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove), Silene dioica (Red Campion), Lonicera periclymenum (Honeysuckle), Carex remota (Remote Sedge), Arrhenatherum elatius (False Oat-grass) and Rumex obtusifolius (Broad-leaved Dock). This compartment provides suitable bird nesting habitat, including priority and conservation concern bird species that were found to be recorded within 1km of the survey area; Emberiza citrinella (Yellowhammer), Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) and Sturnus vulgaris (Starling). Suitable habitat for reptiles, mammals and amphibian species, including priority species listed in 3.2 can be found either within this compartment or in the transition zone between this feature and the marshy grassland field margins.

4.2.4. Hedgerow with trees - Road/gasworks lane (e) This compartment comprises of a small lane with a hedgerow with trees on both sides. In places the hedgerow is lapsed or non existent. Discreet areas of bare ground, dumped rubble and stone, amenity grassland and marshy grassland habitats can be found along the road side. The understory is good in places with opportunities for nesting birds and small mammals. Common species are Ilex aquifolium Holly, Helix Hendra Ivy, Urtica dioica Common Nettle, Geranium robertianum Herb Robert, Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed, Potentilla erecta Tormentil, Rumex obtusifolius Broad Leaved Dock, Rosa sp, rubus sp. Tree species include Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn, Fraxinus excelsior Common Ash, Salix spp Willow spp, Corylus avellana Hazel, Quercus petraea Sessile Oak, Quercus robur Pendunculate Oak and Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore. The hedgerow and tree line include a small number of noteworthy trees of somewhat increased ecological value including a notable Oak tree at the southern end of the lane. This noteworthy Oak specimen is starting to exhibit some good ecological features such as rot holes and loose bark and offers potential habitat for bats, birds and invertebrate species.

4. Evaluation, recommendations and field survey findings

4.3. Species

4.3.1. Otters No Otters or Otter signs were recorded during the survey. The Northern boundary (d) offers good potential for Otter territory with good vegetative cover, hunting opportunities and connectivity to a wide variety of suitable habitat within the surrounding landscape. The opportunities for Otter Lay up sites is regarded as good, whilst holt opportunities are regarded as poor.

4.3.2. Water Voles No Water Voles or Water Vole signs were recorded during the survey. Suitable habitat was noted in the large ditch on the northern border (d). Several points along the drainage ditch were surveyed but a full survey was not instructed or required at this stage.

4.3.3. Badgers No Badgers or Badger signs were recorded during the survey. The site does offer some good foraging possibilities but is not particularity well connected to deciduous woodland habitats.

4.3.4. Bat species No bats were recorded during the survey. The site offers excellent foraging opportunities and there are multiple bat roosts within the area including within the neighbouring school building.

4.3.5. Dormice No Dormice or Dormice signs were recorded during the survey. No suitable habitat was recorded.

4.3.6. Great crested newts No Great Crested Newts were recorded during the survey. Sub optimum conditions were found throughout.

4.3.7. Reptiles and Amphibians No reptiles were recorded during the survey. The site offers good connectivity for reptiles and amphibians with a range of vegetation density and structure alongside good connectivity to unmanaged buffer zones between field margins and riparian habitats.

4.3.8. Birds No priority bird species were recorded during the survey. Good quality habitat is present for several priority or conservation concern species. Many of the hedgerows offer good nesting opportunities for some of the priority bird species as listed in 3.2. including but not limited to: Emberiza citrinella (Yellowhammer), Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) and Sturnus vulgaris (Starling) and overall connectivity of the sites is very good, providing access to a mosaic of breeding and feeding habitats. There are anecdotal records of Barn Owls hunting on the site and suitable habitat and hunting opportunities are present.

4.3.9. Plant species No priority or conservation concern plants were recorded during the survey.

4.3.9b. Lower plants No Priority lower plants were recorded during the survey.

4.3.9c Invasive plants Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is abundant within compartment (d) and is also found in compartment (b). This invasive species looks to have spread further south since our previous Phase 1 survey which was conducted in 2018 (Vital-ysgol-EP1-30-07-2018). 4. Evaluation, recommendations and field survey findings

4.3.9d Invertebrates No priority invertebrate species were recorded during the survey, however the conditions where substandard for recording invertebrates and in our previous survey (Vital-ysgol-EP1-30-07-2018) we recorded two priority species; Coenonympha pamphilus (Small Heath) and Boloria selene (Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary).

Coenonympha pamphilus (Small Heath) is a BAP/S42 species with near threatened status and was added to the BAP list due to 62% decline over 25 years, 1984-2003

Boloria selene (Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary) is a BAP/S42 species with near threatened status and was added to the BAP list due to 89% decline over a 25 year period, between 1984 and 2003

4.3.9e Survey constraints Access to all sections of compartment (d) was difficult and a full survey was not at this stage required. It was not possible to investigate fully the extent of suitable habitat for Otters or Water Voles.

4.4. Concluding statement The site provides a number of good quality linear habitats with the potential to provide ecological services to many priority species. The connectivity of the site to a wide variety of habitats is very good and it is likely that a number of priority species make use of the site, either as part of their wider territory, for breeding, foraging or as part of their predator avoidance strategy. The lack of disturbance on the site and low grazing pressure further enhances the ecological value of the habitat and it’s potential for supporting species. Invertebrate and plant species may decline if the site is now un-grazed but this may reflect a brief gap in grazing due to COVID-19 abnormalities. Transition zones between grazed grassland, ditch and hedgerow systems are of particular interest, demonstrating the sites ability to support multiple priority species including Otters, multiple reptile and amphibian species, a variety of small mammals and possibly Water Voles. The sites is likely to be used regularly by hunting raptors and owls. 5. Wildlife legislation and planning policy

5.1 European protected species

5.1.1. Bats It is an offence to kill or injure bats or to damage or destroy a place of shelter or protection.

You’re breaking the law if you do certain things including: •capture, kill, disturb or injure bats (on purpose or by not taking enough care) •damage or destroy a breeding or resting place (on purpose or by not taking enough care) •obstruct access to their resting or sheltering places (on purpose or by not taking enough care) •possess, sell, control or transport live or dead bats, or parts of them 5.1.2. Dormice Dormice are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) and the conservation of habitats and species regulations (2010). I

You’re breaking the law if you do certain things including: •capture, kill, disturb or injure hazel dormice (on purpose or by not taking enough care) •damage or destroy a breeding or resting place (even accidentally) •obstruct access to their resting or sheltering places (on purpose or by not taking enough care) •possess, sell, control or transport live or dead hazel dormice, or parts of hazel dormice

5.1.3. Great Crested Newts Great Crested Newts have full European and British protection: Bern Convention 1979: Appendix III Wildlife & Countryside Act (as Amended) 1981: Schedule 5 EC Habitats Directive 1992: Annex II and IV Conservation (Natural Habitats etc.) Regulations 1994: Schedule 2 Countryside Rights of Way Act 2000

Things that would cause you to break the law include: •capturing, killing, disturbing or injuring great crested newts deliberately •damaging or destroying a breeding or resting place •obstructing access to their resting or sheltering places (deliberately or by not taking enough care) •possessing, selling, controlling or transporting live or dead newts, or parts of them •taking great crested newt eggs

5.1.4. Water Voles Water voles are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Water voles are protected against intentional killing, capture or injury and intentional or reckless disturbance, obstruction, damage or destruction or their burrows. If water voles or their burrows are found after works start, all works must stop immediately to avoid breaking the law.

Water voles are species of principal importance under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006, and local authorities and other public bodies have a legal duty to take their conservation into account. They are also a material consideration in the planning process.

You’re breaking the law if you: intentionally capture, kill or injure water voles damage, destroy or block access to their places of shelter or protection (on purpose or by not taking enough care) disturb them in a place of shelter or protection (on purpose or by not taking enough care) possess, sell, control or transport live or dead water voles or parts of them (not water voles bred in captivity) 5. Wildlife legislation and planning policy

Badgers Badgers have statutory protection under the protection of Badgers act 1992. It is an offence to: Wilfully kill, injure, take, possess or cruelly ill-treat a badger, or to attempt to do so. or to intentionally or recklessly interfere with a set.

Sett interference includes disturbing Badgers whilst they are occupying a sett, as well as damaging or destroying a sett or obstructing access to it. A sett is defined as any structure which displays signs of current use. Natural Resources Wales are responsible for issuing licenses to disturb Badgers for development projects. Exclusion zones for development are recommended as follows:

Light development work using hand tools - 10 metres exclusion zone Medium duty developments usually meaning the use of wheeled vehicles - 20 metres exclusion zone Heavy duty developments using heavy machinery - 30 metre exclusion zones required.

5.1.5. Otters The European otter is the only native UK otter species. It’s a European Protected Species and is also fully protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

You’re breaking the law if you: •capture, kill, disturb or injure otters (on purpose or by not taking enough care) •damage or destroy a breeding or resting place (deliberately or by not taking enough care) •obstruct access to their resting or sheltering places (deliberately or by not taking enough care) •possess, sell, control or transport live or dead otters, or parts of otters

If you’re found guilty of an offence you could be sent to prison for up to 6 months and be fined £5,000 for each offence.

5.1.6. Plants Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981, which covers Britain, it is illegal to uproot any wild plant without permission from the landowner or occupier. Uproot is defined as to dig up or otherwise remove the plant from the land on which it is growing, whether or not it actually has roots; and, for the purposes of the legislation, the term plant includes algae, lichens and fungi as well the true plants mosses, liverworts and vascular plants. Similar general protection is given to all plants in Northern Ireland, under the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order, 1985.

The Wildlife and Countryside Act contains a list (Schedule 8) of endangered plants, which are protected against intentional picking, uprooting and destruction (unless a licence is obtained from the relevant authority,or the damage is a result of a lawful activity and could not reasonably have been avoided). These plants are also protected against sale.

The Bluebell in Britain is listed under section 8 but for protection only against sale.

Introduction of new species and invasive species legislation The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 also cover the release or allowing of non native plants into the wild. The definition of a non native for the purpose of following this legislation is as follows: ‘of a kind which is not ordinarily resident in and is not a regular visitor to Great Britain in a wild state; or is included in Part I of Schedule 9. Further to the the legislation says ‘it shall be a defence to a charge of committing an offence under subsection (1) or (2) to prove that the accused took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to avoid committing the offence. See over page for a full list of schedule 9 plant species 5. Wildlife legislation and planning policy

5.2. Herpetofauna A. European Protected Species (namely the smooth snake, sand lizard, natterjack toad, pool frog and great crested newt and marine turtles) are protected via a combination of Regulation 41 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 and Sub-sections 9(4) b & c and Section 9(5) of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). These prohibit:(a) deliberate capturing, injuring or killing

(b) deliberate disturbance; Disturbance of animals includes in particular any disturbance which is likely- (i) to impair their ability to survive, to breed or reproduce or to rear or nurture their young; or (ii) to impair the ability of hibernating or migratory species, to hibernate or migrate; or (iii) to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species to which they belong; (c) deliberate taking or destroying the eggs of such an animal; or (d) (i) damaging or destroying a breeding site or resting place of such an animal and/or (ii) intentionally or recklessly - (a) disturbing any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (b) obstructing access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

B. Widespread reptiles and amphibians (i.e. reptiles (adder, grass snake, common lizard and slow worm) and amphibians (common frog, common toad, smooth newt, palmate newt). Reptiles only (adder, grass snake, common lizard and slow worm) are protected via part of Section 9(1) of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) against: (a) intentional killing and injuring (note the provision in Section 9(1) of Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 prohibiting “taking” does not apply to reptiles) Both reptiles (adder, grass snake, common lizard and slow worm) and amphibians (common frog, common toad, smooth newt, palmate newt) are protected via part of Section 9(5) of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) against: (b) (i) selling, offering or exposing for sale, or having in possession or transporting for the purpose of sale, any live or dead wild animal or any part of, or anything derived from, such an animal; or (ii) publishing or causing to be published any advertisement likely to be understood as conveying buying or selling, or intending to buy or sell, any of those things. The legislation relates only to ‘wild animals’, but in any proceedings the animal in question shall be presumed to have been a wild animal unless the contrary is shown. This protection is solely through the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 as amended and defences and licensing provisions are provided within that Act. 5. Wildlife legislation and planning policy

5.3. Planning policy Wales “Biodiversity conservation and enhancement is an integral part of planning for sustainable development. The planning system has an important part to play in nature conservation. The use and development of land can pose threats to the conservation of natural features and wildlife. Past changes have contributed to the loss of integrity of habitat networks through land-take, fragmentation, severance, disturbance, hydrological changes and other adverse impacts. But development can also present significant opportunities to enhance wildlife habitats and the enjoyment and understanding of the natural heritage. Whilst the planning system needs to be watchful of the cumulative effects of a series of small, perhaps occasional, apparently insignificant losses from the natural world, which can combine to seriously deplete the natural heritage, including essential hydrological and ecological systems; small scale opportunities for habitat creation and enhancement can be significant and can build into major contributions over time. This TAN demonstrates how local planning authorities, developers and key stakeholders in conservation can work together to deliver more sustainable development that does not result in losses from the natural heritage but instead takes every opportunity to enhance it”.

To achieve the above vision, TAN 5 states that: “The town and country planning system in Wales should: •work to achieve nature conservation objectives through a partnership between local planning authorities, CCW, the Environment Agency Wales, voluntary organisations, developers, landowners and other key stakeholders; •integrate nature conservation into all planning decisions looking for development to deliver social, economic and environmental objectives together over time; •ensure that the UK’s international and national obligations for site, species and habitat protection are fully met in all planning decisions; •look for development to provide a net benefit for biodiversity conservation with no significant loss of habitats or populations of species, locally or nationally; •help to ensure that development does not damage, or restrict access to, or the study of, geological sites and features or impede the evolution of natural processes and systems especially on rivers and the coast; •forge and strengthen links between the town and country planning system and biodiversity action planning particularly through policies in local development plans and the preparation of supplementary planning guidance that adds value to Local Biodiversity Action Plans (LBAPs) by highlighting the ways in which the planning system can help to deliver the objectives of LBAPs in practical ways; •plan to accommodate and reduce the effects of climate change by encouraging development that will reduce damaging emissions and energy consumption and that help habitats and species to respond to climate change”.

In practical policy terms, the TAN sets out the type of actions needed to deliver biodiversity conservation; it states: “When considering policies and proposals in local development plans and when deciding planning applications that may affect nature conservation, local planning authorities should: •pay particular attention to the principles of sustainable development, including respect for environmental limits, applying the precautionary principle, using scientific knowledge to aid decision making and taking account of the full range of costs and benefits in a long term perspective; •contribute to the protection and improvement of the environment, so as to improve the quality of life and protect local and global ecosystems, seeking to avoid irreversible harmful effects on the natural environment; •promote the conservation and enhancement of statutorily designated areas and undeveloped coast ; •ensure that appropriate weight is attached to designated sites of international, national and local importance; •protect wildlife and natural features in the wider environment, with appropriate weight attached to priority habitats and species in Biodiversity Action Plans; •ensure that all material considerations are taken into account and decisions are informed by adequate information about the potential effects of development on nature conservation; •ensure that the range and population of protected species is sustained; •adopt a step-wise approach to avoid harm to nature conservation, minimise unavoidable harm by mitigation measures, offset residual harm by compensation measures and look for new opportunities to enhance nature conservation; where there may be significant harmful effects local planning authorities will need to be satisfied that any reasonable alternative sites that would result in less or no harm have been fully considered. One Planet Wales additional ecological pointers Headline indicator of sustainable development as set out by One Planet Wales legislation are as follows: % of Biodiversity Action Plan habitats and species recorded as stable or increasing with key ecological indicators listed as the following: a)Trends in bird populations, (b) Ecological impacts of air pollution, (c) Air quality, (d) River quality, (e) Soil quality, (f) Sustainable water resource management

* Nesting season runs from the 1st March through to the 31st July 5. Wildlife legislation and planning policy 5.4. Schedule 9 plant species • All species of the genus Elodea (waterweeds) (eg Canadian waterweed Elodea canadensis). • Curly waterweed Lagarosiphon major • Duck potato Sagittaria latifolia • Entire-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster integrifolius • Fallopia japonica x Fallopia sachalinensis (a hybrid knotweed) • False Virginia creeper Parthenocissus inserta • Fanwort (Carolina water-shield) Cabomba caroliniana • Few-flowered leek Allium paradoxum • Floating pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides • Floating water primrose Ludwigia peploides • Giant Hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum • Giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis • Giant rhubarb Gunnera tinctoria • Giant salvinia Salvinia molesta • Green seafingers Codium fragile • Himalayan cotoneaster Cotoneaster simonsii • Hollyberry cotoneaster Cotoneaster bullatus • Hottentot-fig Carpobrotus edulis • Indian balsam Impatiens glandulifera • Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica • Japanese rose Rosa rugosa • Montbretia Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora • New Zealand pigmyweed (Australian swamp-stonecrop) Crassula helmsii • Parrot’s-feather Myriophyllum aquaticum • Perfoliate Alexanders Smyrnium perfoliatum • Purple dewplant Disphyma crassifolium • Red algae Grateloupia luxurians • Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum • Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum x Rhododendron maximum • Small-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster microphyllus • Shallon Gaultheria shallon • Three-cornered garlic Allium triquetrum • Variegated yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum • Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia • Water fern Azolla filiculoides • Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes • Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes • Water primrose Ludwigia grandiflora / Ludwigia uruguayensis • Yellow azalea Rhododendron luteum 5.5. Birds All naturally occurring wild birds in Great Britain are protected from persecution. It is illegal to kill, injure or ‘take’ any wild bird, take or damage the nest of any wild bird whilst in use or being built. The eggs of all wild birds are also protected. If you have in your possession any live wild birds, egg(s) or any part of a wild bird you are committing an offence. The birds listed in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 are further protected by Special Penalties all year round for those in Part 1 and during a specified closed season for those listed in Part 2. 5.4.b Barn Owls Specifically, under Part 1, Section 1 (5) it is an offence punishable with imprisonment for a period of up to 6 months to intentionally or recklessly: Disturb a Barn Owl while it is building a nest or is in, on or near a nest containing eggs or young. Disturb a Barn Owl’s dependent young. 5.4.c. Other schedule 1 birds - Part I Birds and their young, for which it is an offence to intentionally or recklessly disturb at, on or near an ‘active’ nest. 5.Wildlife legislation and planning policy

5.5.Trees and the law A.1 General Trees in any location may be protected by legislation. Where development is proposed, additional legal protection may be appropriate and can be enforced by the local authority. Attention is drawn to legal controls and liabilities under commo n law for consideration at the earliest stages of potential site development.

A.2 Legal protection for trees A.2.1 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended) [1] requires that, except in certain circumstances, “no work shall be carried out which will affect trees over a certain size which are situated in conservation areas”. Six weeks’ notice of intent has to be given to the local authority before the work is carried out. This provides an opportunity for the local authority to make a tree preservation order (TPO), under this Act, to protect the trees.

A.2.2 Tree preservation orders allow for trees to be protected either as individuals, groups, areas or woodlands. The orders have the effect of preventing the cutting down, topping, lopping, uprooting, wilful damage or wilful destruction of trees, except in certain circumstances, other than with consent of the local authority.

A.2.3 Even when no specific legal protection exists, it may be necessary to obtain a felling licence. These apply if the volume of timber exceeds specified amounts; site clearance, even of small areas, before detailed planning permission has been granted could exceed the felling licence quota. The Forestry Commission, under the Forestry Act 1967 (as amended) [2] administers felling licences.A.3 Wildlife and habitat considerations

A.3.1 Para. 47 of Planning Policy Guidance Note 9: Nature Conservation [18] states that “the presence of a protected species is a material consideration when a local planning authority is considering a development proposal which, if carried out, would belikely to result in harm to the species or its habitat”.The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) [3], the Conservation (Natural Habitats etc.) Regulations 1994 [4], and the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 [5] protect species of flora and fauna.

A.3.2 The protection afforded to bats makes it illegal to intentionally injure or kill a bat, or to damage, disturb or obstruct access to a roost. As from 31 January 2001, under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 [5], it is anoffence to recklessly disturb bats or recklessly damage or obstruct access to any structure or place that bats use for shelter or protection. Where bats are found to be present consultation needs to be carried out with the Statutory Nature Conservation Organization i.e. English Nature2), the Countryside Council for Wales 3), Scottish Natural Heritage4) or Northern Ireland Environment and Heritage Service 5) before starting any work.Substantial penalties can be incurred for contravention of any of these forms of legal protection for trees and wildlife.

A.4 Legal protection for trees on development sites A.4.1 Section 197 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 [1] states “it shall be the duty of the local planning authority to ensure, whenever it is appropriate, that in granting planning permission for any development adequate provision is made, by the imposition of conditions, for the preservation or planting of trees”. It also states that “it shall be the duty of the local planning authority to make such orders under section 198 [of the Act] as appear to the authority to be necessary in connection with the grant of such permission.” 6. References

BIS local biological data (2020)

Booth, (2015) Barn Owl Trust advice note: Barn Owl disturbance, St John’s Buildings Chambers in Manchester, accessed at https://www.barnowltrust.org.uk/barn-owls-law/protection-nesting-barn-owls/ on 18th Aug 2020

British Standards (2011), BS5837 ‘Trees in relation to construction’ British Geological Society, (2020), iGeology application

CIEEM, CIRIA and IEMA, (2016), Biodiversity net gain: Good practise principles for development https://www.cieem.net/data/files/Publications/Biodiversity_Net_Gain_Principles.pdf European Soil Data Centre, (2015), mySoil application

Environment Agency (2012), Introduction to PPG6: Working at construction and demolition sites

Harris, D.W. Yalden (2008). Mammals of the British Isles handbook - 4th ed. HMSO (1992) Protection of Badgers act HMSO (1981) Wildlife and countryside act 1981 JNCC (2010), Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey, JNCC

Multi-Agency Geographical information for the countryside (MAGIC), (20120) website accessed at www.magic.gov.uk on 3rd August 2020

National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Website accessed at www.nbn.org.uk om 14th August 2020 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT & RURAL COMMUNITIES ACT 2006: SECTION 42 LIST OF SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE FOR CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN WALES

John Wiley & Sons, Vegetation description and analysis, (1994) Rose, (2006), The Wild Flower Key, Penguin books Rose (1989), Grasses, Sedges, Rushes and Ferns of the British Isles and North-western Europe

Strachan, T.Moorhouse, M. Gelling Water Vole conservation handbook, Wildlife conservation research unit, University of Oxford

Roe S, (2018, Machynlleth school Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey report, Ref: Vital-ysgol-EP1-30-07-2018

The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) JNCC (2018), UK Priority species data collation *For all named priority species on BAP list. accessed at http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/_speciespages/* species ref on 17th August 2020

NBN (2018), Wales - sensitive species list, accessed on 17th August 2020at https://docs.nbnatlas.org/wp- content/uploads/2017/03/Wales-SS-list.pdf

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Appendix 1. Phase 1 map 7. Appendix 2. Site photographs Marshy grassland (a)

Figure 2. 7. Appendix 2. Site photographs

Hedgerow with trees (c) 7. Appendix 2. Site photographs

Standing water/ditch (d)

Hedgerow with trees (b) bordering marshy grassland. 7. Appendix 2. Site photographs

Gasworks lane (e) 7. Appendix 2. Site photographs Gasworks lane (e) 8. Appendix 3. Species list 8.4 Species List A complete species based survey was not instructed or necessary, this list represents a brief and generalised sample of biological records for the site. Full species based surveys are available if requested. Species shown in red are rare, priority or locally important species Flora Fauna

Species name Invertebrates

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Pieris brassicae Large White Agrostis capillaris Common bent Pieris rapae Small White Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail Maniola jurtina Meadow Brown Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernal-grass Omocestus viridulus Common Green Grasshopper Arrhenatherum elatius False oat-grass Tipula species Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern Haematopota pluvialis Notch-horned Cleg Carex remota Remote Sedge Cercopidae sp Frog Hopper sp Chamaenerion angustifolium Rosebay willow-herb Autographa gamma Silver Y Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Convolvulus arvensis Bindweed Birds Corylus avellana Hazel Milvus milvus Red Kite Crategus monogyna Hawthorn Buteo buteo Common Buzzard Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dogs-tail Delichon urbicum House Martin Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Corvus corone corone Carrion Crow Epilobium montanum Broad leaved willow-herb Turdus merula Blackbird Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony Erithacus rubecula Robin Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Certhia familiaris Treecreeper Fraxinus excelsior Ash Parus Major Great Tit Galium aparine Cleavers Cyanistes caeruleus Blue Tit Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw Passer domesticus House sparrow Hendra Ivy- Helix Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch Holcus lanatus Yorkshire fog Columba palumbus Wood Pigeon Impatiens glandulifera Himalayan balsam (Section 9) Juncus acutiflorus Sharp flowered rush Juncus effusus Soft rush Lolium perenne Perennial rye grass Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle Lotus corniculatus Greater Birds-foot-trefoil Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort Persicaria maculosa Redshank Phragmites australis Common Reed Potentilla anserina Silverweed Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak) Quercus sp Oak sp Randunculus repens Creeping buttercup Rubus fruticosus Bramble Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock Sambucus nigra Elder Silene dioica Red Campion Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Urtica dioica Common Nettle Valeriana officinalis 8. Appendix 4.

3. Ecological statement

This statement consists of any methods of Mitigation, compensation and avoidance that may be appropriate.

3.1 Avoidance

Possible ecological impact Avoidance strategy Disturbance of Otters feeding and resting places, due Conduct a complete Otter survey to establish if to noise and light pollution. Obstruction of holts, populations are present well in advance of fragmentation and degradation of habitat and changes construction works. Only when a survey and report to water quality that may effect their prey species. is complete can avoidance and mitigation strategies Injury or death of Otters. be outlined.

Disturbance of Water Voles, their feeding locations Conduct a complete Water Vole survey to establish and/or locations of protection. Injury or death of if populations are present well in advance of Water voles. Blockage of access to Water Vole places construction works. Only when a survey and report of shelter or protection. is complete can avoidance and mitigation strategies be outlined.

Disturbance of a Barn Owl while it is building a nest Allow a suitable buffer zone between any works or is in, on or near a nest containing eggs or young. and a nest site. No Barn Owl specific survey has Disturbance of a Barn Owl’s dependent young. been conducted and no known nest sites are located within the immediate area. Suitable nesting sites are See 5.4.b regarding Part 1, Section 1 (5) legislation. available alongside good quality hunting grounds and if possible works that include light disturbance and or major machinery noise should be conducted outside of the nesting season.

Avoiding works commencing between 1st March and 31st August will normally avoid disturbance of Barn Owls but there are exceptions to this rule.

Alternative provision for Barn Owls can be provided a minimum of 30 days before works are due to commence, in the hope that they will nest there instead. 8. Appendix 4.

3. Ecological statement

This statement consists of any methods of mitigation, compensation and avoidance that may be appropriate.

3.1 Avoidance

Possible ecological impact Avoidance strategy Disturbance and/or harm to priority and other nesting Whenever possible avoid works during nesting bird species. season unless it is established that no bird species are nesting.

Disturbance and/or harm to reptile species. Conduct suitable reptiles surveys to establish if populations are present well in advance of construction works. Preserve reptile habitats when possible. Loss of potential bat roosts. Avoid removing any trees with the potential to support bat roosts

Loss of habitat due to removal for construction. Retain valuable hedgerow, grassland and field margin habitats whenever possible.

Pollution of ditch and other habitats due to run off, Use designated hard standing areas for clean-ups construction waste and silt water that are at least 10m from ditches. Follow appropriate guidelines regarding settlement, run-off Changes to pH values through oil or chemical waste and treatment when necessary. Maintain vegetation discharge. buffer strips along ditches and/or Sustainable drainage systems.

Possible ecological impact Ecological compensation

Loss of suitable bird nesting habitats Provide long lasting zero maintenance bird boxes (Hedgerows and trees) to a value that exceed the likely nesting losses.

Loss of reptiles and amphibian habitats Create hibernacula that provides habitat of a greater extent and quality to the habitat lost.

Loss of small mammal habitat Provide hibernacula, rough grassland and cavity habitats of a greater extent and quality to the habitat lost.

Loss of good quality invertebrate habitat Create appropriate invertebrate habitats of a greater extent and quality to those which are lost, using a combination of measures such as dead wood piles, artificially damp areas, wetlands and variable sward grassland micro habitats. Well designed multi-species invertebrate habitats can be cost effective and quick to create. 8. Appendix 5.

Ecological enhancement opportunities

See specific ecological enhancements report which will be available in October 2020. 8. Appendix 6.

Guide to designation names

Special Protection Areas (SPA) – designated under the EU Birds Directive these are the most important areas in Europe for rare and migratory birds

Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) – designated under the EU Habitats Directive these are the most important areas in Europe for habitats and non-bird species’ listed in the Directive as being of European importance

Ramsar sites – designated under the Ramsar Convention, these are the most important areas for wildfowl and/or wetland ecosystems

Biosphere Reserves – designated by UNESCO5, these are terrestrial and coastal ecosystems that promote solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.

Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – sites of natural beauty which involve wildlife, physical geographic features and/or cultural heritage as well as landscape and scenery

National Parks – sites of landscape importance that promote public enjoyment

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) – best example areas in the UK for species, habitats, geology or physical

National Nature Reserves (NNR) – nationally important natural and semi-natural terrestrial and coastal ecosystems

Local Nature Reserves (LNR) – locally important natural and semi-natural terrestrial and coastal ecosystems

Marine Conservation Zones (MCZ) – nationally important marine wildlife, habitats, geology and geomorphology

PAWS - PAWS are sites that have a long history of woodland cover: they are ancient semi-natural woodlands on which the original, “natural” woodland was cleared, and replaced by a plantation of either native or exotic species.

Restored Ancient Woodland Site These are woodlands which are predominately broadleaves now and are believed to have been continually wooded for over 400 years. They will have gone through a phase when canopy cover will have been more than 50% non- native conifer tree species and now have a canopy cover of more than 50% broadleaf.

Ancient Semi Natural Woodland These are broadleaf woodlands comprising mainly native tree and shrub species which are believed to have been in existence for over 400 years. The ground vegetation will reflect the naturalness of these woodlands and will frequently feature species which provide clear indication of long and continued woodland cover. They will have been woodland for centuries and contribute substantially to our natural and cultural heritage.

NRW Priority Area NRW Priority habitat areas are large scale areas which were prioritised for targeted conservation work, based on factors including the habitats within them. 8. Appendix 7.

Guide to species and habitat protection codes

EPS European Protected Species UKBAP UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority S42 National Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 Section 42 BA Protection of Badgers Act WCA1 Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 Schedule 1 Part 1 WCA5 Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 Schedule 5 WCA8 Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 Schedule 8 WCA9 Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 Schedule 9 Bern The Bern Convention of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Bonn Bonn Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Bdir EC Birds Directive Annex 1 Hdir EU Habitat and Species Directive RD1 Red Data Book listing based on IUCN guidelines RD2 Red Data Book (not based on IUCN criteria) e.g. nationally scarce and nationally rare WBR (RSPB) RSPB Welsh Red listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria) WBAm (RSPB) RSPB Welsh Amber listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria) UKBR (RSPB) RSPB UK Red listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria) UKBAm (RSPB) RSPB UK Amber listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria) WVP IUCN Threat Listing of Welsh Vascular Plants LBAP (P) Powys Local Biodiversity Action Plan LBAP (BBNP) Brecon Beacons National Park Local Biodiversity Action Plan LBAP Local biodiversity action plan LBAP (GWY) Gwynedd Local Biodiversity Action Plan LBAP (TRA) Trunk Road Agency Biodiversity Action Plan LI (BIS) Locally important as specified by local experts INNS Invasive Non-Native Species

ASNW Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland - broadleaf woodlands comprising mainly native tree and shrub species which are believed to have been in existence for over 400 years

PAWS Plantation on Ancient Woodland Sites - sites which are believed to have been continuously wooded for over 400 years and currently have a canopy cover of more than 50 percent non-native conifer tree species

RAWS Restored Ancient Woodland Sites (RAWS) – woodlands which are predominately broadleaves now and are believed to have been continually wooded for over 400 years. These woodlands will have gone through a phase when canopy cover was more than 50% non-native conifer tree species and now have a canopy cover of more than 50 percent broadleaf