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A Study of Aklanon Dialect

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\iocootwanon .ED .145 705 -008 977 AUTHOR de la Cruz, aeato A.; Zorc, R. Da d Paul . TITLE A Study of th'e Aklanon Dialect. Vo ume One; Grammar. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB' DATE 68 NOTE 230p.; For related document see FL d08 976 ; Best \\IN copy available \ -EDRS PRICE NF-40.83 HC-S12.7141us Postage., .DESCRIPTORS - Adjectives; Adverbs`; *Dialect Studies; Fora Classes (Languages); FunotiOn Words; ..*Gramiar; nstructional Materials;_ Language. Instruction; Langua e Patterns; Language Research; Language Usage; *Bala o Polynesian Languages; Norphologyi(Lanquages); Morph phonemicst Nominals; Phonology; *Second Language Le ruing; .rt"!, *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Verbs IDENTIFIERS *Aklanon; Philippines ' ABSTRACT- The purposes of. this graimar of Aklanon a t (1) pi6vide teachers withia sourcebook on their dialect, so tht thevcan understand the formalities of Aklanon; (2j provide foreignlearners"-, of the dialect, paiticularly Peace Corps volunteers or. misionaries, with a reference grammar; and.(3) provide linguists -with atreatment of an unresearched dialect. The grammar is divided into thefollowing -mix ;lilts:(1) "Preliminary Remarks on Aklanon "; (2) "Phonoliogy, The Significant Sounds of the Aklanon Dialect";' (3) "Linguistic Background";(4) "Norphophonemics in Aklanon"; (5)"The Baiie Parts of Speech "; and (6)Function Words. The grammar is followed 1 y a 'bibliography of lilNuistic and dialect study books.(CLK) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC-makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Docuient Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** A STUDY OF THE AKLANON DIALECT IT Volunfe One g-g e., era !, ATt I BLE Itj;,1 a it Beato A. de is Cruz, M.A.; rd.r.. R David PaulZorcsA.B. Acitilt and Community Ed.icatiiox. Ltngizge Coordinatoz, Supervisor r, estern Visayes Region Bureau of: Public Schools United States Peace Corps Manila, Philippines. Aklan,.Philippmez [Aklanon Inforrns.ni [Linguistic Informant] Akian 196;1 Public Domain r 1 .I,,tf & I fr., r U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALT4 EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION I .DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. 'E0 EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM .4' PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN A TING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS rir r .T1 ' . r; ji C STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTC OF r, t 11 EOUCAT ON POSITION OR POLICY APPROVED FOR PRINTING First Endorsement, for Peace_Corps 25 April 1968 Tommy R. derson Ford Foundation Consultant Philippine Normal College Manila, Philippines Second Endorsement, by Peace Corps 3 May 1968 Theresa A. Boucher Language Officer Peace Corps' Manila, Philippines No part'of this book should be copied, printed or otherwise reproduced without the explicit permission of the authors, except for purposes of criticism or review. This hook is the result of a non-profit project for the benefit of teachers in the province of Aldan and for the instruction of U. S. Peace Corps volunteers and other interested parties. The purchaser is warned that the publication cost of this book is not to exceed- - either P 4.70 per copy [Philippine currency] or $ 1.20 per copy Kinked States currency] excluding any costs for postage or handling. SO. PREFACI3,'. The purposes for this study are&de-fold: (I) To provide teachers with a sourcebook- on their dialect; so that they can uncierstanc thefOrmalities of Aklanon. With supplementary se- minaxsand workshops, it is hoped that-tnore conciseand efficient curriculum guides can be prepared for the teaching of the vernacular. Up to the present time therehas been' much dis- agreement abot : such problems as the spellingof the vernacular, and it is hoped that conven- tions can be established about the dialect throughthegency of this present study.(2)- To provide foreign learners of the dialect, particularlyPeace Corps Volunteers or missionaries, with a reference grammar,. coveringthe peculiaritiesof the sound and structure of Aklanon speech. (3) To provide linguists with a treatment, however basic orhumble, of a hitherto unresearched dia1 eeu and hence to enrich the catalogueof literature available on the less- known languages or dialects of the world. Like any paper or publication, s is an unfinished andjunending work, a partof an on- going and growing process. The particular organization orexplanation of the phenomena' of the Aklan dialect could very well bedebated and changed. No doubt, as time gees on and in- terest-in the dialect deielops, subsequent works.willbe publish4i and may surpass this paper. This is not, then, to be considered -- either by theauthors or by the readers--as a finished / treatise or an absolute statement about the Aklanondialect; particularly since the edition is--'/ the result of much hurried effort to meet adeadline and other requirement's. Tnis grammar will not be easy to read--as no grammaris easy to read. It has not bees made to be difficult, although it has been made to bethorough. The reader does net have to come to this book sophisticated inlinguistic techniques, -but if he keeps with it, heshould leave with a good deal, of soPhisticatibn; not only aboutAklanon, but about linoistie methods as well. The study is presented in the light ofthe above - mentioned. purposes and qualifications in the' hope that it may encourage those who absob it tomake their own personal 7analysis of the ver- nacular, for it is only in personal struggle thattinderatanding and knowledge are found.The authors trust, then, that it will fill the explicitand projected ncekis of the province of Aklan, the U.S. Peace Corps, and any other similarinterested parties. The authors wish to acknowledge gratefully thehelp of the following: Dr. Tommy Anderson of Philippine Normal Collegefor his invaluable linguistic help in proof- reading and editing this paper, whO is greatlyresponsible for the present format and a gdod many ideaS contained herein. The United States Peace Corps for its total supportof this project, particularly in the persons of: Dr. Richard Wilson, Mr. John Bossany, Mr.Allan Kulakow, Mrs. Theresa Boucher and Mr. Charles Shackelton. The Bureau of PublicSchools, Manila in-the person of its directcr. Juan C. Manuel for their support. Mayor Federico 0. Icamina and the MunicipalCouncil of Kalibo, who helped in a previous mimeographed edition of this text. Prof John U. Wolff of-Cornell University, Ithaca, NewYork, who gave several suggestions 'for various articles in this paper. Mr. Stephen J. Banta, Peace Corps Volunteer inKalibo, for proof-reading the entire text and for suggestions about its format. Mr.Thumas C.Marshall, past Peace Corps in Bongo, Aklan, for helping in preliminary research of the dialect. The various citizens of Aklan, for their informantwork, gi ten freely and continually through- out the long period of Vier book'scomposition--to whom this book is heartily dedicated. THE AUTHORS 4 A STUDY OF THE AKLANON DIALECT, Volume One--GRAMMAR PAGE OUTLINE: UNIT ONE: PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON AKLANON 1 1. LOCATION OF AKLANON. , 1 2. CHART: THE MALAYO-POLYNESIAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES. 1 3. REFLEX SOUNDS IN CURRENT WEST-VISAYAN DIALECTS. 2 4. CHART: COMPARATIVE WORD LIST OF CURRENT WEST 3 VISAYAN DIALECTS. /, 5. OTHER SIMILARITIES OF AKLANONTO THE OTHER WEST 3 VISAYAN DIALECTS .. 6. THE VOICED VELARTRICATIVE. 5 7. THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF AKLANON SPEECH. 5 1. The Dialectal Dimension 5 2. The Age Dimension \ 6 3. The Prestige Dimension 7 8. SUMMARY. 7 UNIT TWO: PHONOLOGY, THE SIGNIFICANT SOUNDS OF THE AKLANON DIALECT 8 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 8 2. STOPS. 8 1. /p/ 8 2. II3/ 9 3. It/ 9 4./c1/ 9 5. /k/ 10 6. /g/ 10 7. /t/ [glottal stop] 11 Note: Three final vowel sounds. 12 3. FRICATIVES. 12 1. 12 2. /v/ 13 3. /s/ 13 Note: [sh] allophone. 13 4. dI [voiced velar fricative] 14 5./h/ 15 4. AFFRICATES. 16 1. ,/c/ 16 2. /j/ 17 5. NASALS. 18 1. /m/ 18, 2. /n/ 18 3. Mg/ 18 4. Minimal Pairs Based on the. Various Nasal Sounds 19 5 r-s PAGE 6. LATERAL. 20 /1/ 7. FLAP. 21 /r/ 8. SEMIVOWELS OR VOCOIDS. 23 1. /w/ 23 2./y/ 23 9. VOWELS. 24 1./i/ 25 2.At/ 25 3./a/ 26 4./u/ 27 5. /o/ 27 Observationson /u/-/o/ alternations. 28 -10. DIPHTHONGS. 29 11. CONSONANT CHART. 30 12. VOWEL CHART. 30 13. STRESS. 30 14. PITCH. 31 15., SOME NOTES ON STANDARD AKLANON SPELLING. 32 Vowels 32 Consonants: [native] 32 [boirowed] 32 Foreign Letters borrowed in Aklanon script and their-pronucCiatiOn 32 16. SOME PROBLEMS WITH REGARD TO AKLANON SPELLING. 32 1. The Glottal Stop 32 2. The Consonant "e" versus the Vowel "e" 32 3. The "o"-"u" Spelling Problem 33 UNIT THREE: LINGUISTIC BACKGROUND 34 1. NEED FOR RIGOR. 34 2. PHONES. 34 3. PHONEMES. 34 4. ALLOPHONES. 34 '5. FROM SOUNDS TO WORDS. 35 6. MORPHS. 35 7. ALLONORPHS AND MORPHEMES. 35° 8. EXAMPLES OF MORPHEMES. 36 9. HOMOPHONES.. 36 10. WORD BASES OR ROOT WORDS. 37 11. AFFIXES. 37 I 1. Prefixes 37 2. Infixes 37 3. Suffixes 38 12. MORPHOPI IONE MICS 38 U PAGE UNIT FOUR: MORPHOPHONEMICS IN AKLANON 39 1. STRESS CHANGE. 1 39 1. Differences of parts of speech. 39 2. Affixes that carry stress. 39 3.Suffixation influences stress. 39 2. VOWEL CHANGE. 40 1." /a/ is lost. 40 2./i/ is changed to /y4 40 3. /0/ is changed to 7w/. 40. 3. VOWEL LOSS. 40 A. ASSIMILATION. ss 41 1; /ng/ assimilates to /m/before /b/. 41 2. /ng/ assimilates to /n/ before /d, X/. 41 3.
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  • Requirements for Governance in a Poverty-Reduction Project

    Requirements for Governance in a Poverty-Reduction Project

    CASE 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR GOVERNANCE IN A POVERTY-REDUCTION PROJECT LOCALIZING THE CIDSS PROGRAM IN BALETE, AKLAN Philip Tuaño 1. INTRODUCTION Many development practitioners hold that strong involvement of the community and of local governance institutions increases the effectiveness of poverty-alleviation projects. Community involvement is important because the community is usually better at identifying the main problems of its poor and pinpointing solutions. However, it is not as easy to recognize those aspects of local governance that result in better anti-poverty programs. In some cases, local governments might even hinder efforts to improve the living conditions of the poor, especially when corrupt or misguided local officials capture community institutions and use them for their profit. This case study discusses the experience of the municipality of Balete, Aklan Province, in running the Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) program of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). CIDSS is part of the so-called 'convergence strategy' for poverty alleviation.1 It belongs to a basket of projects that include Agrarian Reform Communities, certificate of ancestral domain communities, and other communities of the basic sectors such as farmers and fisherfolk. Aklan considers itself the first local government unit in the country to localize CIDSS implementation mainly through local funding. This study uses both primary and secondary data. The case study writer interviewed key informants from among local government officials, including the provincial governor, the provincial planning and development officer, the provincial social welfare and development officer, the municipal mayor, the municipal social worker, the municipal planning and development officer and the CIDSS worker.