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Borobudur 1 Pm
BOROBUDUR SHIP RECONSTRUCTION: DESIGN OUTLINE The intention is to develop a reconstruction of the type of large outrigger vessels depicted at Borobudur in a form suitable for ocean voyaging DISTANCES AND DURATION OF VOYAGES and recreating the first millennium Indonesian voyaging to Madagascar and Africa. Distances: Sunda Strait to Southern Maldives: Approx. 1600 n.m. The vessel should be capable of transporting some Maldives to Northern Madagascar: Approx. 1300 n.m. 25-30 persons, all necessary provisions, stores and a cargo of a few cubic metres volume. Assuming that the voyaging route to Madagascar was via the Maldives, a reasonably swift vessel As far as possible the reconstruction will be built could expect to make each leg of the voyage in using construction techniques from 1st millennium approximately two weeks in the southern winter Southeast Asia: edge-doweled planking, lashings months when good southeasterly winds can be to lugs on the inboard face of planks (tambuku) to expected. However, a period of calm can be secure the frames, and multiple through-beams to experienced at any time of year and provisioning strengthen the hull structure. for three-four weeks would be prudent. The Maldives would provide limited opportunity There are five bas-relief depictions of large vessels for re-provisioning. It can be assumed that rice with outriggers in the galleries of Borobudur. They sufficient for protracted voyaging would be carried are not five depictions of the same vessel. While from Java. the five vessels are obviously similar and may be seen as illustrating a distinct type of vessel there are differences in the clearly observed details. -
80-93 a Study of Traditional Boats and Navigational History of Odisha, East
Author version: Man Environ., vol.40(2); 2015; 80-93 A study of Traditional Boats and Navigational History of Odisha, East coast of India Sila Tripati Marine Archaeology Centre CSIR- National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa 403 004 Email: [email protected] Abstract It is generally believed that there were seafarers before there were farmers and potters. Man must have used some kind of craft to cross the rivers, seas, bays for collection of food during prehistoric time onwards if not earlier. With regard to the earliest voyages, it is believed that these were made around 60,000 years ago when the sea level was lower and people would have used floats or rafts for the purpose. After many centuries different types of traditional boats were constructed and used for maritime trade, fishing, warfare, etc. Indian epics and regional literature mention different types of vessels and their use and the vessels used in the seas, rivers and lakes are different in their construction, shape and size. Like other littoral states of India, references to a good number of traditional boats of Odisha are found in the contemporary literature namely Pota (dug out), Nauka, Bhela, Chapa and Padhua. There are some traditional boats, for instance teppa, padhua, nauka and patia, which are still in use and built along the Odisha Coast. The present paper details construction techniques of traditional boats of Odisha, their usages, difference between the traditional boats of Odisha and those on other parts of the east coast of India and navigational technology. Keywords: Traditional boats, Navigation, Maritime trade, Odisha, East coast of India 1 Introduction The history of boatbuilding is as old as the relationship between man and the sea. -
List of Project Muse's Journals Through E-Shodhsindhu URL –
List of Project Muse’s Journals through e-Shodhsindhu URL – http://muse.jhu.edu 1. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 2. Éire-Ireland 3. Ab Imperio 4. Acadiensis: Journal of the History of the Atlantic Region / Revue d’histoire de la region atlantique 5. Advertising & Society Review 6. Africa Today 7. Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 8. African American Review 9. African Arts 10. African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review 11. African Economic History 12. African Studies Review 13. Alabama Review 14. Al-Ê¿Arabiyya: Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Arabic 15. Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism 16. American Annals of the Deaf 17. American Book Review 18. American Catholic Studies 19. American Imago 20. American Jewish History 21. American Journal of Mathematics 22. American Journal of Philology 23. American Journal of Theology & Philosophy 24. American Literary History 25. American Literary Realism 26. American Literary Scholarship 27. American Literature 28. American Music 29. American Periodicals: A Journal of History & Criticism 30. American Quarterly 31. American Speech 32. American Studies 33. An Sionnach: A Journal of Literature, Culture, and the Arts 34. Anales Galdosianos 35. Annales. Histoire, Sciences sociales (French Edition) 36. Anthropologica 37. Anthropological Linguistics 38. Anthropological Quarterly 39. Antiphon: A Journal for Liturgical Renewal 40. Appalachian Heritage 41. Archives of Asian Art 42. Arctic Anthropology 43. Arethusa 44. ariel: A Review of International English Literature 45. Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies 46. Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 47. Arthuriana 48. ASAP/Journal 49. ASEAN Economic Bulletin 50. -
Journals Asian Studies
MODERN CHINESE JOURNALS LITERATURE Acta Koreana CINEMA & ISLAM Harvard Journal of Asiatic Archives of Asian Art Studies ASEAN RELATIONS Asia Policy Hawaiian Journal of History VIETNAM WAR Asian Music Indonesia Asian Perspective Journal of Asia-Pacific Pop What’s Your Culture Asian Perspectives PROJECT? Journal of Asian American ASIAN Asian Theatre Journal Studies STUDIES Azalea: Journal of Korean Journal of Buddhist Literature & Culture Philosophy China: An International Journal of Burma Studies SHINTO RELIGION Journal Journal of Chinese Literature GOLEK THEATER China Review and Culture PAN-ASIANISM China Review International Journal of Chinese Religions CHINOPERL: Journal of Journal of Daoist Studies K-POP Chinese Oral and Performing Literature Journal of Japanese Philosophy SOUTHEAST ASIAN The Contemporary Pacific MYTHOLOGY The Journal of Japanese Contemporary Southeast Studies RELIGION IN Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic SOUTH ASIAN ART Affairs MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE Journal of Korean Religions Review of Japanese Culture and Society CINEMA & ISLAM Journal of Korean Studies Seoul Journal of Korean ASEAN RELATIONS Journal of Song-Yuan Studies Studies Journal of South Asian and Sojourn: Journal of Social VIETNAM WAR Middle Eastern Studies Issues in Southeast Asia Journal of Southeast Asian Southeast Asian Affairs What’s Your Economies (JSEAE) Southeast of Now: PROJECT? Journal of the Malaysian Directions in Contemporary Branch of the Royal Asiatic and Modern Art in Asia ASIAN Society Sungkyun Journal of East STUDIES Korean -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes Among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Kristina Marie Gill Committee in charge: Professor Michael A. Glassow, Chair Professor Michael A. Jochim Professor Amber M. VanDerwarker Professor Lynn H. Gamble September 2015 The dissertation of Kristina Marie Gill is approved. __________________________________________ Michael A. Jochim __________________________________________ Amber M. VanDerwarker __________________________________________ Lynn H. Gamble __________________________________________ Michael A. Glassow, Committee Chair July 2015 Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California Copyright © 2015 By Kristina Marie Gill iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my Family, Mike Glassow, and the Chumash People. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who have provided guidance, encouragement, and support in my career as an archaeologist, and especially through my undergraduate and graduate studies. For those of whom I am unable to personally thank here, know that I deeply appreciate your support. First and foremost, I want to thank my chair Michael Glassow for his patience, enthusiasm, and encouragement during all aspects of this daunting project. I am also truly grateful to have had the opportunity to know, learn from, and work with my other committee members, Mike Jochim, Amber VanDerwarker, and Lynn Gamble. I cherish my various field experiences with them all on the Channel Islands and especially in southern Germany with Mike Jochim, whose worldly perspective I value deeply. I also thank Terry Jones, who provided me many undergraduate opportunities in California archaeology and encouraged me to attend a field school on San Clemente Island with Mark Raab and Andy Yatsko, an experience that left me captivated with the islands and their history. -
Journals Asian Studies
MODERN CHINESE JOURNALS LITERATURE Acta Koreana CINEMA & ISLAM Harvard Journal of Asiatic Archives of Asian Art Studies ASEAN RELATIONS Asia Policy Hawaiian Journal of History VIETNAM WAR Asian Music Indonesia Asian Perspective Journal of Asia-Pacific Pop What’s Your Culture Asian Perspectives PROJECT? Journal of Asian American ASIAN Asian Theatre Journal Studies STUDIES Azalea: Journal of Korean Journal of Buddhist Literature & Culture Philosophy China: An International Journal of Burma Studies SHINTO RELIGION Journal Journal of Chinese Literature GOLEK THEATER China Review and Culture PAN-ASIANISM China Review International Journal of Chinese Religions CHINOPERL: Journal of Journal of Daoist Studies K-POP Chinese Oral and Performing Literature Journal of Japanese Philosophy SOUTHEAST ASIAN The Contemporary Pacific MYTHOLOGY The Journal of Japanese Contemporary Southeast Studies RELIGION IN Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic SOUTH ASIAN ART Affairs MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE Journal of Korean Religions Review of Japanese Culture and Society CINEMA & ISLAM Journal of Korean Studies Seoul Journal of Korean ASEAN RELATIONS Journal of Song-Yuan Studies Studies Journal of South Asian and Sojourn: Journal of Social VIETNAM WAR Middle Eastern Studies Issues in Southeast Asia Journal of Southeast Asian Southeast Asian Affairs What’s Your Economies (JSEAE) Southeast of Now: PROJECT? Journal of the Malaysian Directions in Contemporary Branch of the Royal Asiatic and Modern Art in Asia ASIAN Society Sungkyun Journal of East STUDIES Korean -
On Numeral Complexity in Hunter-Gatherer Languages
On numeral complexity in hunter-gatherer languages PATIENCE EPPS, CLAIRE BOWERN, CYNTHIA A. HANSEN, JANE H. HILL, and JASON ZENTZ Abstract Numerals vary extensively across the world’s languages, ranging from no pre- cise numeral terms to practically infinite limits. Particularly of interest is the category of “small” or low-limit numeral systems; these are often associated with hunter-gatherer groups, but this connection has not yet been demonstrated by a systematic study. Here we present the results of a wide-scale survey of hunter-gatherer numerals. We compare these to agriculturalist languages in the same regions, and consider them against the broader typological backdrop of contemporary numeral systems in the world’s languages. We find that cor- relations with subsistence pattern are relatively weak, but that numeral trends are clearly areal. Keywords: borrowing, hunter-gatherers, linguistic area, number systems, nu- merals 1. Introduction Numerals are intriguing as a linguistic category: they are lexical elements on the one hand, but on the other they are effectively grammatical in that they may involve a generative system to derive higher values, and they interact with grammatical systems of quantification. Numeral systems are particularly note- worthy for their considerable crosslinguistic variation, such that languages may range from having no precise numeral terms at all to having systems whose limits are practically infinite. As Andersen (2005: 26) points out, numerals are thus a “liminal” linguistic category that is subject to cultural elaboration. Recent work has called attention to this variation among numeral systems, particularly with reference to systems having very low limits (for example, see Evans & Levinson 2009, D. -
Wao Kele O Puna Comprehensive Management Plan
Wao Kele o Puna Comprehensive Management Plan Prepared for: August, 2017 Prepared by: Nālehualawaku‘ulei Nālehualawaku‘ulei Nā-lehua-lawa-ku‘u-lei is a team of cultural resource specialists and planners that have taken on the responsibilities in preparing this comprehensive management for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Nā pua o kēia lei nani The flowers of this lovely lei Lehua a‘o Wao Kele The lehua blossoms of Wao Kele Lawa lua i kēia lei Bound tightly in this lei Ku‘u lei makamae My most treasured lei Lei hiwahiwa o Puna Beloved lei of Puna E mālama mākou iā ‘oe Let us serve you E hō mai ka ‘ike Grant us wisdom ‘O mākou nā pua For we represent the flowers O Nālehualawaku‘ulei Of Nālehualawaku‘ulei (Poem by na Auli‘i Mitchell, Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i) We come together like the flowers strung in a lei to complete the task put before us. To assist in the preservation of Hawaiian lands, the sacred lands of Wao Kele o Puna, therefore we are: The Flowers That Complete My Lei Preparation of the Wao Kele o Puna Comprehensive Management Plan In addition to the planning team (Nālehualawaku‘ulei), many minds and hands played important roles in the preparation of this Wao Kele o Puna Comprehensive Management Plan. Likewise, a number of support documents were used in the development of this plan (many are noted as Appendices). As part of the planning process, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs assembled the ‘Aha Kūkā (Advisory Council), bringing members of the diverse Puna community together to provide mana‘o (thoughts and opinions) to OHA regarding the development of this comprehensive management plan (CMP). -
THE VOWEL SYSTEMS of CALIFORNIA HOKAN1 Jeff Good University of California, Berkeley
THE VOWEL SYSTEMS OF CALIFORNIA HOKAN1 Jeff Good University of California, Berkeley Unlike the consonants, the vowels of Hokan are remarkably conservative. —Haas (1963:44) The evidence as I view it points to a 3-vowel proto-system consisting of the apex vowels *i, *a, *u. —Silver (1976:197) I am not willing, however, to concede that this suggests [Proto-Hokan] had just three vowels. The issue is open, though, and I could change my mind. —Kaufman (1988:105) 1. INTRODUCTION. The central question that this paper attempts to address is the motivation for the statements given above. Specifically, assuming there was a Proto-Hokan, what evidence is there for the shape of its vowel system? With the exception of Kaufman’s somewhat equivocal statement above, the general (but basically unsupported) verdict has been that Proto-Hokan had three vowels, *i, *a, and *u. This conclusion dates back to at least Sapir (1917, 1920, 1925) who implies a three-vowel system in his reconstructions of Proto-Hokan forms. However, as far as I am aware, no one has carefully articulated why they think the Proto-Hokan system should have been of one form instead of another (though Kaufman (1988) does discuss some of his reasons).2 Furthermore, while reconstructions of Proto-Hokan forms exist, it has not yet been possible to provide a detailed analysis of the sound changes required to relate reconstructed forms to attested forms. As a result, even though the reconstructions themselves are valuable, they cannot serve as a strong argument for the particular proto vowel system they implicitly or explicitly assume. -
Linguistic Evidence for a Prehistoric Polynesia—Southern California Contact Event
Linguistic Evidence for a Prehistoric Polynesia—Southern California Contact Event KATHRYN A. KLAR University of California, Berkeley TERRY L. JONES California Polytechnic State University Abstract. We describe linguistic evidence for at least one episode of pre- historic contact between Polynesia and Native California, proposing that a borrowed Proto—Central Eastern Polynesian lexical compound was realized as Chumashan tomol ‘plank canoe’ and its dialect variants. Similarly, we suggest that the Gabrielino borrowed two Polynesian forms to designate the ‘sewn- plank canoe’ and ‘boat’ (in general, though probably specifically a dugout). Where the Chumashan form speaks to the material from which plank canoes were made, the Gabrielino forms specifically referred to the techniques (adzing, piercing, sewing). We do not suggest that there is any genetic relationship between Polynesian languages and Chumashan or Gabrielino, only that the linguistic data strongly suggest at least one prehistoric contact event. Introduction. Arguments for prehistoric contact between Polynesia and what is now southern California have been in print since the late nineteenth century when Lang (1877) suggested that the shell fishhooks used by Native Hawaiians and the Chumash of Southern California were so stylistically similar that they had to reflect a shared cultural origin. Later California anthropologists in- cluding the archaeologist Ronald Olson (1930) and the distinguished Alfred Kroeber (1939) suggested that the sewn-plank canoes used by the Chumash and the Gabrielino off the southern California coast were so sophisticated and uni- que for Native America that they likely reflected influence from Polynesia, where plank sewing was common and widespread. However, they adduced no linguistic evidence in support of this hypothesis. -
The Canoe Is the People LEARNER's TEXT
The Canoe Is The People LEARNER’S TEXT United Nations Local and Indigenous Educational, Scientific and Knowledge Systems Cultural Organization Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 1 14/11/2013 11:28 The Canoe Is the People educational Resource Pack: Learner’s Text The Resource Pack also includes: Teacher’s Manual, CD–ROM and Poster. Produced by the Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) Programme, UNESCO www.unesco.org/links Published in 2013 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France ©2013 UNESCO All rights reserved The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Coordinated by Douglas Nakashima, Head, LINKS Programme, UNESCO Author Gillian O’Connell Printed by UNESCO Printed in France Contact: Douglas Nakashima LINKS Programme UNESCO [email protected] 2 The Canoe Is the People: Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 2 14/11/2013 11:28 contents learner’s SECTIONTEXT 3 The Canoe Is the People: Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 3 14/11/2013 11:28 Acknowledgements The Canoe Is the People Resource Pack has benefited from the collaborative efforts of a large number of people and institutions who have each contributed to shaping the final product. -
Gayre-The Origin of the Zimbabwean Civilisation
THE ORIGIN OF THE ZIMBABWEAN CIVILISATION R.GAYRE OF GAYRE Appendices on some of the Principal Ruins of Rhodesia E. LAYLAND GALAXIE PRESS © Galaxie Press, 1972 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review P.O. Box 3041, Salisbury Maps and Ground Plans: Len Curling Jacket Design: Joan van der Merwe Set in Monotype Century by Typeset (Pvt.) Ltd., Salisbury Printed by Litho Services (Pvt.) Ltd., Salisbury PREFACE This book arose out of a discussion I had with Major Layland and the publisher, during a visit to Rhodesia. I had worked on the subject for a number of years, frequently visited the ruins, and knew well many of the Bantu peoples involved. I am indebted to Major Layland for his assistance, where I have been able to make use of it. This book has been undertaken to present what I consider to be the most rational and scientific interpretation of the evidence produced by the phenomena associated with the megalithic ruins of Rhodesia of which Great Zimbabwe, Khami, Naletale, Dhlo-Dhlo, and the terraces of Inyanga, with Mapungubwe in the Transvaal, are the best known examples. I have not thought it necessary to set out a detailed description of these sites in the body of the text as there is ample literature dealing with them. There are some short descriptions written by Major Layland in an appendix for the benefit of those who have not ready access to the existing literature on the subject.