DOCSLIB.ORG

1. MAERSK LINE VS COURT of APPEALS FACTS: Maersk Line Is

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1. MAERSK LINE VS COURT of APPEALS FACTS: Maersk Line Is 1. MAERSK LINE VS COURT OF APPEALS FACTS: Maersk Line is engaged in the transportation of goods by sea, doing business in the Philippines through its general agent Compania General de Tabacos de Filipinas. Private respondent Efren Castillo is the proprietor of Ethegal Laboratories, a firm engaged in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. On November 12, 1976, private respondent ordered from Eli Lilly. Inc. of Puerto Rico through its agent in the Philippines, Elanco Products, 600,000 empty gelatin capsules for the manufacture of his pharmaceutical products. The capsules were placed in six (6) drums of 100,000 capsules each valued at US $1,668.71. The 600,000 empty gelatin capsules in six drums were already shipped on board MV "Anders Maerskline" for shipment to the Philippines via Oakland, California. Shipper Eli Lilly, Inc. specified the date of arrival to be April 3, 1977. Said cargo of capsules were mishipped and diverted to Richmond, Virginia, USA and then transported back Oakland, Califorilia. The goods finally arrived in the Philippines on June 10, 1977 or after two (2) months from the date specified in the memorandum. As a consequence, private respondent as consignee refused to take delivery of the goods on account of its failure to arrive on time. Private respondent alleging gross negligence and undue delay in the delivery of the goods, filed an action before the trial for rescission of contract with damages against petitioner and Eli Lilly, Inc. as defendants. Denying that it committed breach of contract, petitioner alleged in its that answer that the subject shipment was transported in accordance with the provisions of the covering bill of lading and that its liability under the law on transportation of good attaches only in case of loss, destruction or deterioration of the goods as provided for in Article 1734 of Civil Code. Defendant Eli Lilly, Inc., alleged that the delay in the arrival of the the subject merchandise was due solely to the gross negligence of petitioner Maersk Line. The trial court ruled in favor of private respondent. The Court of Appeals affirmed it with modifications. (Note: The bill of lading covering the subject shipment among others, reads: 6. GENERAL (1) The Carrier does not undertake that the goods shall arive at the port of discharge or the place of delivery at any particular time or to meet any particular market or use and save as is provided in clause 4 the Carrier shall in no circumstances be liable for any direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage caused by delay. If the Carrier should nevertheless be held legally liable for any such direct or indirect or consequential loss or damage caused by delay, such liability shall in no event exceed the freight paid for the transport covered by this Bill of Lading. (Exh. "1-A"; AC-G.R. CV No. 10340, Folder of Exhibits, p. 41)) ISSUE: Whether or not respondent Castillo is entitled to damages resulting from delay in the delivery of the shipment in the absence in the bill of lading of a stipulation on the period of delivery. HELD: Yes. It is not disputed that the aforequoted provision at the back of the bill of lading, in fine print, is a contract of adhesion. Generally, contracts of adhesion are considered void since almost all the provisions of these types of contracts are prepared and drafted only by one party, usually the carrier. The only participation left of the other party in such a contract is the affixing of his signature thereto, hence the term "Adhesion". Nonetheless, settled is the rule that bills of lading are contracts not entirely prohibited. One who adheres to the contract is in reality free to reject it in its entirety; if he adheres, he gives his consent. However, the aforequoted ruling applies only if such contracts will not create an absurd situation as in the case at bar. The questioned provision in the subject bill of lading has the effect of practically leaving the date of arrival of the subject shipment on the sole determination and will of the carrier. While it is true that common carriers are not obligated by law to carry and to deliver merchandise, and persons are not vested with the right to prompt delivery, unless such common carriers previously assume the obligation to deliver at a given date or time, delivery of shipment or cargo should at least be made within a reasonable time. An examination of the subject bill of lading shows that the subject shipment was estimated to arrive in Manila on April 3, 1977. While there was no special contract entered into by the parties indicating the date of arrival of the subject shipment, petitioner nevertheless, was very well aware of the specific date when the goods were expected to arrive as indicated in the bill of lading itself. In this regard, there arises no need to execute another contract for the purpose as it would be a mere superfluity. In the case before us, we find that a delay in the delivery of the goods spanning a period of two (2) months and seven (7) days falls was beyond the realm of reasonableness. Described as gelatin capsules for use in pharmaceutical products, subject shipment was delivered to, and left in, the possession and custody of petitioner-carrier for transport to Manila via Oakland, California. But through petitioner's negligence was mishipped to Richmond, Virginia. Petitioner's insitence that it cannot be held liable for the delay finds no merit. 2. MAGELLAN MANUFACTURING MARKETING CORPORATIONvs.COURT OF APPEALS, ORIENT OVERSEAS CONTAINER LINES and F.E. ZUELLIG, INC G.R. No. 95529 August 22, 1991 FACTS: On May 20, 1980, Magellan Manufacturers Marketing Corp. (MMMC) entered into a contract with Choju Co. of Yokohama, Japan to export 136,000 anahaw fans for and in consideration of $23,220.00. As payment thereof, a letter of credit was issued to plaintiff MMMC by the buyer. Through its president, James Cu, MMMC then contracted F.E. Zuellig, a shipping agent, through its solicitor, one Mr. King, to ship the anahaw fans through the other appellee, Orient Overseas Container Lines, Inc., (OOCL) specifying that he needed an on-board bill of lading and that transhipment is not allowed under the letter of credit (Exh. B-1). On June 30, 1980, appellant MMMC paid F.E. Zuellig the freight charges and secured a copy of the bill of lading which was presented to Allied Bank. The bank then credited the amount of US$23,220.00 covered by the letter of credit to appellant's account. However, when appellant's president James Cu, went back to the bank later, he was informed that the payment was refused by the buyer allegedly because there was no on-board bill of lading, and there was a transhipment of goods. As a result of the refusal of the buyer to accept, upon appellant's request, the anahaw fans were shipped back to Manila by appellees, for which the latter demanded from appellant payment of P246,043.43. Appellant abandoned the whole cargo and asked appellees for damages. In their Partial Stipulation of Facts, the parties admitted that a shipment of 1,047 cartons of 136,000 pieces of Anahaw Fans contained in 1 x 40 and 1 x 20 containers was loaded at Manila on board the MV 'Pacific Despatcher' freight prepaid, and duly covered by Bill of Lading No. MNYK201T dated June 27, 1980 issued by OOCL; that the shipment was delivered at the port of discharge on July 19, 1980, but was subsequently returned to Manila after the consignee refused to accept/pay the same. TC: MMMMC cannot seek damages as it agreed to a transshipment of the goods and is liable for demurrages amounting to P298k incurred in Japan and Manila. CA: MMMMC cannot seek damages as it agreed to a transshipment of the goods and is liable for demurrages amounting to P52k incurred in Japan. While the goods arrived in Manila in October 1980, appellant was notified of said arrival only in March 1981. No explanation was given for the delay in notifying appellant. ISSUE: WON MMMMC should be liable for P52k when it exercised its option of Abandonment. HELD: No. Private respondents belatedly informed petitioner of the arrival of its goods in Manila and that if it wished to take delivery of the cargo it would have to pay P52k, but with the last paragraph thereof stating as follows: “Please can you advise within 15 days of receipt of this letter whether you intend to take delivery of this shipment, as alternatively we will have to take legal proceedings in order to have the cargo auctioned to recover the costs involved, as well as free the container which are (sic) urgently required for export cargoes.“ Clearly, therefore, private respondents unequivocally offered petitioner the option of paying the shipping and demurrage charges in order to take delivery of the goods or of abandoning the same so that private respondents could sell them at public auction and thereafter apply the proceeds in payment of the shipping and other charges. Responding thereto, in a letter dated April 3, 1981, petitioner seasonably communicated its decision to abandon to the goods in favor of private respondents with the specific instruction that any excess of the proceeds over the legal costs and charges be turned over to petitioner. Receipt of said letter was acknowledged by private respondents, as revealed by the testimony of Edwin Mabazza, a claim officer of F.E. Zuellig, Inc., on cross-examination. 42 Despite petitioner's exercise of the option to abandon the cargo, however, private respondents sent a demand letter on June 22, 1981 43 insisting that petitioner should pay the entire amount of P298,150.93 and, in another letter dated Apiril 30, 1981, 44 they stated that they win not accept the abandonment of the goods and demanded that the outstanding account be settled.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Republic Act No. 7621]
    Republic of the Philippines Congress of the Philippines Metro Manila Fifth Regular Session Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty- second day of July, nineteen hundred and ninety one [REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7621] AN ACT CREATING THE CEBU PORT AUTHORITY DEFINING ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, PROVING APPROPRIATION THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known and cited as the “Charter of the Cebu Port Authority” SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy . – It is the declared policy of the State to promote the establishment and growth of autonomous regional port bodies to produce an efficient, safe, economical and coordinated system of movement of goods and persons through the port, consistent with the constitutional mandate to give all regions of the country optimum opportunity to develop. SECTION 3. Creation of the Port Authority- There is hereby created a public-benefit corporation to be known as the Cebu Port Authority, hereinafter referred to as the Authority. The Authority shall be under the supervision of the Department of Transportation and Communications for purposes of policy coordination. SECTION 4. Definition of Terms- For purposes of this Act, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms used herein shall mean as follows: (a) “Port facility” shall included wharves, piers, slips, docks, bulkheads, basins, warehouses, cold storage, loading and unloading equipment, and passenger terminals and
    [Show full text]
  • Cebu 1(Mun to City)
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Map of Cebu Province i Map of Cebu City ii - iii Map of Mactan Island iv Map of Cebu v A. Overview I. Brief History................................................................... 1 - 2 II. Geography...................................................................... 3 III. Topography..................................................................... 3 IV. Climate........................................................................... 3 V. Population....................................................................... 3 VI. Dialect............................................................................. 4 VII. Political Subdivision: Cebu Province........................................................... 4 - 8 Cebu City ................................................................. 8 - 9 Bogo City.................................................................. 9 - 10 Carcar City............................................................... 10 - 11 Danao City................................................................ 11 - 12 Lapu-lapu City........................................................... 13 - 14 Mandaue City............................................................ 14 - 15 City of Naga............................................................. 15 Talisay City............................................................... 16 Toledo City................................................................. 16 - 17 B. Tourist Attractions I. Historical........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Impediments to Urban-Rural Connectivity in Cdi Cities
    ASSESSMENT OF IMPEDIMENTS TO URBAN-RURAL CONNECTIVITY IN CDI CITIES Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project CONTRACT NO. AID-492-H-15-00001 JANUARY 27, 2017 This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) and do not necessarily reflect the view of USAID or the United States Agency for International Development USAID Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project Page i Pre-Feasibility Study for the Upgrading of the Tagbilaran City Slaughterhouse ASSESSMENT OF IMPEDIMENTS TO URBAN-RURAL CONNECTIVITY IN CDI CITIES Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project CONTRACT NO. AID-492-H-15-00001 Program Title: USAID/SURGE Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Philippines Contract Number: AID-492-H-15-00001 Contractor: International City/County Management Association (ICMA) Date of Publication: January 27, 2017 USAID Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project Page ii Assessment of Impediments to Urban-Rural Connectivity in CDI Cities Contents I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 7 II. Methodology 9 A. Research Methods 9 B. Diagnostic Tool to Assess Urban-Rural Connectivity 9 III. City Assessments and Recommendations 14 A. Batangas City 14 B. Puerto Princesa City 26 C. Iloilo City 40 D. Tagbilaran City 50 E. Cagayan de Oro City 66 F. Zamboanga City 79 Tables Table 1. Schedule of Assessments Conducted in CDI Cities 9 Table 2. Cargo Throughput at the Batangas Seaport, in metric tons (2015 data) 15 Table 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Transportation History of the Philippines
    Transportation history of the Philippines This article describes the various forms of transportation in the Philippines. Despite the physical barriers that can hamper overall transport development in the country, the Philippines has found ways to create and integrate an extensive transportation system that connects the over 7,000 islands that surround the archipelago, and it has shown that through the Filipinos' ingenuity and creativity, they have created several transport forms that are unique to the country. Contents • 1 Land transportation o 1.1 Road System 1.1.1 Main highways 1.1.2 Expressways o 1.2 Mass Transit 1.2.1 Bus Companies 1.2.2 Within Metro Manila 1.2.3 Provincial 1.2.4 Jeepney 1.2.5 Railways 1.2.6 Other Forms of Mass Transit • 2 Water transportation o 2.1 Ports and harbors o 2.2 River ferries o 2.3 Shipping companies • 3 Air transportation o 3.1 International gateways o 3.2 Local airlines • 4 History o 4.1 1940s 4.1.1 Vehicles 4.1.2 Railways 4.1.3 Roads • 5 See also • 6 References • 7 External links Land transportation Road System The Philippines has 199,950 kilometers (124,249 miles) of roads, of which 39,590 kilometers (24,601 miles) are paved. As of 2004, the total length of the non-toll road network was reported to be 202,860 km, with the following breakdown according to type: • National roads - 15% • Provincial roads - 13% • City and municipal roads - 12% • Barangay (barrio) roads - 60% Road classification is based primarily on administrative responsibilities (with the exception of barangays), i.e., which level of government built and funded the roads.
    [Show full text]
  • 11758687 01.Pdf
    Exchange Rate (As of August 1 2003) 1.000 USD = 54.87 PHP = 120.0 JPY CONTENTS OF APPENDICES 1 Appendix Appendix 1 Major Points of Discussion at the Workshops･･････････････････････A1-1 Appendix 1.1 First Workshop ･･･････････････････････････････････････････A1-1 Appendix 1.2 Second Workshop ･････････････････････････････････････････A1-3 Appendix 1.3 Third Workshop･･･････････････････････････････････････････A1-4 Appendix 2 Socio-Economic Conditions ･･･････････････････････････････････A2-1 Appendix 2.2.1 Explanation of Estimation･･････････････････････････････････A2-1 (Procedure of GRDP and GDP Projection) Appendix 2.2.2 Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997･････････････A2-3 Appendix 2.2.3 PEZA Special Economic Zones ･････････････････････････････A2-30 Appendix 2.3 Major Key Interventions and Strategic Investment Programs･････････A2-36 on Sea Ports Appendix 3.1 Summary of Physiographical Condition for Each Province ･･････････A3-1 Appendix 5 Cargo and Passenger Estimations ･･･････････････････････････････A5-1 Appendix 5.1 Cargo and Passenger Forecasts for Major Ports ･･･････････････････A5-1 Appendix 5.2 Detailed Procedure for Cargo Estimations ･･･････････････････････A5-53 Appendix 5.2.1 Regional Cargo Estimations ････････････････････････････････A5-53 Appendix 5.2.2 Cargo and Passenger Forecasts for Major Ports ･････････････････A5-53 Appendix 6 Maritime Transport･･････････････････････････････････････････A6-1 Appendix 6.1 Maritime Transport in the World Appendix 6.1.1 Competition among Mega Container Terminal Operators･･････････A6-1
    [Show full text]
  • Cebu-Ebook.Pdf
    About Cebu .........................................................................................................................................2 Sinulog festival....................................................................................................................................3 Cebu Facts and Figures .....................................................................................................................4 Cebu Province Towns & Municipalities...........................................................................................5 Sites About Cebu and Cebu City ......................................................................................................6 Cebu Island, Malapascus, Moalboal Dive Sites...............................................................................8 Cebu City Hotels...............................................................................................................................10 Lapu Lapu Hotels.............................................................................................................................13 Mactan Island Hotels and Resorts..................................................................................................14 Safety Travel Tips ............................................................................................................................16 Cebu City ( Digital pdf Map ) .........................................................................................................17 Mactan Island ( Digital
    [Show full text]
  • Battling Congestion in Manila: the Edsa Problem
    Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific No. 82, 2013 BATTLING CONGESTION IN MANILA: THE EDSA PROBLEM Yves Boquet ABSTRACT The urban density of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, is one the highest of the world and the rate of motorization far exceeds the street capacity to handle traffic. The setting of the city between Manila Bay to the West and Laguna de Bay to the South limits the opportunities to spread traffic from the south on many axes of circulation. Built in the 1940’s, the circumferential highway EDSA, named after historian Epifanio de los Santos, seems permanently clogged by traffic, even if the newer C-5 beltway tries to provide some relief. Among the causes of EDSA perennial difficulties, one of the major factors is the concentration of major shopping malls and business districts alongside its course. A second major problem is the high number of bus terminals, particularly in the Cubao area, which provide interregional service from the capital area but add to the volume of traffic. While authorities have banned jeepneys and trisikel from using most of EDSA, this has meant that there is a concentration of these vehicles on side streets, blocking the smooth exit of cars. The current paper explores some of the policy options which may be considered to tackle congestion on EDSA . INTRODUCTION Manila1 is one of the Asian megacities suffering from the many ills of excessive street traffic. In the last three decades, these cities have experienced an extraordinary increase in the number of vehicles plying their streets, while at the same time they have sprawled into adjacent areas forming vast megalopolises, with their skyline pushed upwards with the construction of many high-rises.
    [Show full text]
  • Dltb Bus Schedule to Bulan Sorsogon
    Dltb Bus Schedule To Bulan Sorsogon Antlike Sarge expostulate no levers dilutees latest after Baillie ranging doggone, quite weather-bound. Circumstantial and desmoid Skipp never impawn homologically when Charlton enchains his wallower. Frank disentomb his crambo tie-ins unflatteringly or unwholesomely after Jacob conglobing and overcropped mesially, unstaunchable and sartorial. Advertise with them directly to the place and dispose them to sorsogon bus schedule re boarding pass along west If premises are planning to carbon from Manila to Bicol taking the bus going to Bicol is the cheapest and most readily available option too you DLTB offers the best bus going to Bicol from Manila and vice-versa. MORE TRAVEL GUIDES BELOW! Rawis Laoang Northern Samar Sorsogon Sorsogon Maasin Southern Leyte Select Destination Search go More Routes Powered by PinoyTravel Inc. Nasha sajna da honda na po kalimutan mg mga bus from here on it is located on a jeepney terminal. Rizal while aboard a dltb co greyhound bus schedules are. Hi guys, Isarog and DLTB are all fully booked. If pain from Sorsogon City car a bus bound for Bulan and alight at Irosin. By commuters, though is key, NCR Giftly. Below we provide an importance of the bus schedules for policy route. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Del Monte Land Transport Bus Co Slogan Wherever you are. From Minalungao National Park in General Tinio, all in Camarines Norte. On a tight budget? Two types of dogs. Well theres cavite sa pamasahe ng van terminal lky metro bus or lrt dltb bus stations are. Philtranco Regular Aircon Bulan EDSA-Cubao Legazpi City 700 AM Php795.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, July 1949
    DC Urs. Polly O’Bryan F 3 Copiss g/« AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 26, NO. 7 JOURNAL JULY 1949 ymm 0-^JTM ‘THE GRAND REVIEW’ It gives us special satisfaction to supply I. W. Harper Whiskey to men and women in America’s foreign service. We are proud to serve you, and we value highly the example you set for your guests. For these reasons alone, you can depend on our safeguarding I. W. Harper’s unexcelled taste and quality. Cost is never consulted in making this superb whiskey. It’s made for you to pour with pride and drink with pleasure. i Distributed overseas by SCIIENLEY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION THERE ARE NO FINER WHISKIES THAN AMERICAN WHISKIES I.W.HARPER AMERICAN AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION FOREIGN SERVICE HONORARY PRESIDENT DEAN ACHESON SECRETARY OF STATE HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE JOURNAL THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE THE COUNSELOR THE LEGAL ADVISER NORMAN ARMOUR PRESIDENT GEORGE V. ALLEN VICE-PRESIDENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FRANK P. LOCKHART DIRECTOR MARSHALL GREEN SECRETARY-TREASURER ELBERT G. MATHEWS ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE GEORGE H. BUTLER CHAIRMAN SHELDON T. MILLS VICE CHAIRMAN ELBERT G. MATHEWS HERBERT P. FALES MARSHALL GREEN BROMLEY K. SMITH ALTERNATE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY JOURNAL EDITORIAL BOARD THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION EDMUND A. GULLION CHAIRMAN FRANK S. HOPKINS JOHN M. ALLISON PAUL J. REVELEY JULY, 1949 BARBARA P. CHALMERS VOL. 26, NO. 7 ACTING MANAGING EDITOR FRANK P. LOCKHART BUSINESS MANAGER COVER PICTURE: "The Grand Review,” an oil painting by James E. Taylor, shows EDUCATION COMMITTEE the victorious Union troops being reviewed shortly after the Civil War by Presi¬ DuWAYNE G.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ergonomic Study on the UP-Dilimanjeepney Driver’S Workspace and Driving Conditions
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Manufacturing 3 ( 2015 ) 2597 – 2604 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015) and the Affiliated Conferences, AHFE 2015 An ergonomic study on the UP-Dilimanjeepney driver’s workspace and driving conditions Ma. Carmella Coz, Paul Jason Flores, Kim Louie Hernandez, Alyssa Jean Portus* College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines Abstract The Philippine Jeepney is one of the most popular, the most accessible and cheapest medium of public transportation in the country. During their driving period, an average of 10 hours a day, the Filipino jeepney drivers are exposed to sustained awkward postures. This research aims to evaluate the drivers’ workspace and driving conditions in relation to their anthropometric measurements and their workspace dimensions in order to determine the sources of awkward postures.A comprehensive survey among jeepney drivers inside the UP Diliman campus was conducted to identify the discomforts experienced by the drivers. In addition, a workspace evaluation in comparison with the drivers’ anthropometric measurement was also administered to seek out discrepancies that accounts for the discomforts felt. Results reveal that jeepney drivers’ working conditions pose danger to their health and safety. For instance, there is an insufficient distance between the steering wheel and driver’s seat causing restraint to the drivers’ mobility. The limited height of the windshield also blocks the driver’s line of sight keeping the drivers leaning forward when looking for traffic signs. Recommendations were made to improve the working conditions of the Filipino jeepney drivers. © 2015 PublishedThe Authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Lapu-Lapu Mayor Supports Cooperative's LPG Cylinder Retailers
    “Radiating positivity, creating connectivity” December 2-December 8, 2019 P15.00 CEBU Volume 1 Series 11 12 PAGES BUSINESS Room 310-A, 3rd floor WDC Bldg. Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City You may visit Cebu Business Week WEEK Facebook page. Ahong to run after butane LPG refills Lapu-Lapu mayor supports cooperative’s LPG cylinder retailers, dealers Lapu-Lapu City Mayor Department of Energy (DOE). Junard “Ahong” Chan has He will ask DOE to provide promised to eradicate the him the list of authorized illegal butane canisters refilledPEPC LPG cylinder retailers with Liquefied Petroleum andGas dealers as basis for (LPG) which is mostly businessthe permit issuance. origin of fire in Mactan. Chan will also ask Bureau Chan made the assurance of Fire and Protection during his meeting last Dec. 3, (BFP) to inspect the areas 2019 with Philippine Ecogas of new applicants for PEPC Producers Cooperative (PEPC) dealership, or a certification Board of Directors, officials by DOE authorizing them to of the Department of Energy engage in such business before (DOE) and a group of LPG a permit is issued. businessmen from Davao City. He said there is no problem From the PEPC side were with PEPC as it is legal but is Chairman Francisco P. Reyes worried that any other groups Jr., Vice Chairman Robert U. might continue their selling Velasco Jr., Directors Fe P. illegal LPG-refilled butane Potestas and Normal C. Gicale, canisters which pose danger and officers Rita C. Gicale to life and property. (audit), Virgil C. Catajoy Jr. “We want that only those (logistics), Ed Antiligando who have complied with all the (chief operating officer) and requirements set by the Local Mayor Junard Chan meets with officials of Philippine Ecogas Producers Cooperative (PEPC) and Department of Atty.
    [Show full text]
  • Bus Paintings in Thailand: a Post-Modern Urban Art Form in Comparative Perspective Cohen, Erik
    www.ssoar.info Bus paintings in Thailand: a post-modern urban art form in comparative perspective Cohen, Erik Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Cohen, E. (2013). Bus paintings in Thailand: a post-modern urban art form in comparative perspective. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 6(2), 242-263. https://doi.org/10.4232/10.ASEAS-6.2-2 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-401520 ASEAS 6(2) Aktuelle Südostasienforschung / Current Research on South-East Asia Bus Paintings in Thailand: A Post-Modern Urban Art Form in Comparative Perspective Erik Cohen1 Citation Cohen, E. (2013). Bus paintings in Thailand: A post-modern urban art form in comparative perspective. ASEAS – Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 6(2), 242-263. Studies of paintings on motorized vehicles are rare. Existing studies indicate that such paintings play a role in national identity politics or serve as means of representation of an alternative national his- tory. This article deals with the origins and execution of airbrush paintings on charter tour coaches in Thailand, and with the sources and styles of the motifs represented on them.
    [Show full text]