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The Project for Capacity Development on Transportation Planning and Database Management in the Republic of the Philippines

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The Project for Capacity Development on Transportation Planning and Database Management in the Republic of the Philippines Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) The Project for Capacity Development on Transportation Planning and Database Management in the Republic of the Philippines MMUTIS Update and Enhancement Project (MUCEP) Manual vol. 3 Urban Transportation Planning December 2015 ALMEC Corporation Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd PREFACE The acceleration of economic activities and population concentration in Metro Manila and other cities in the Philippines has caused severe social problems such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and deterioration of the living environment. The development of the public transportation network is crucial in tackling these problems. In addition, investment in infrastructure development is essential to realize a sustainable economic growth. Metro Manila, in particular, requires a transportation policy to facilitate a modal shift from private cars to public transportation by developing and integrating transportation networks and strengthening linkages between transportation modes. It is within this context that the Government of Japan has provided technical assistance to the Philippines’ Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and other related agencies through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in conducting a capacity development project entitled “The Project for Capacity Development on Transportation Planning and Database Management in the Republic of the Philippines.” MUCEP, as the project is known (short for MMUTIS Update and Capacity Enhancement Project), has been carried out for more than four years, starting on 27 September 2011 and completing on 30 November 2015. The overall project goal of MUCEP is to enable the DOTC to prepare a public transportation plan for Metro Manila for strategic corridors by strengthening their capacity in transportation database management and public transportation network planning. This document, Manual on Urban Transportation Planning, is a compilation of manuals on Transport Planning, Public Transportation Planning, and Project Evaluation. The Transport Planning Manual serves as a guide on the preparation of a transport plan with the use of analytical tools. The Public Transportation Planning Manual explores the current public transportation system in the area of study and its planning process. Lastly, the Project Evaluation Manual focuses mainly on the financial and economic component of evaluation. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE PART 1 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PART 2 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PART 3 PROJECT EVALUATION Part 1 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Objective ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Structure of the Manual ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.4 How to Use This Manual .............................................................................................. 1-1 2 OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT PLANNING ........................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Context of Urban Transport in Developing Cities .......................................................... 2-1 2.2 Urban Transport Challenges ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Motorization .................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.4 Public Transport Demand ............................................................................................. 2-9 2.5 Public Transport Supply ............................................................................................. 2-12 2.6 Road Development ..................................................................................................... 2-17 2.7 Traffic Accidents ......................................................................................................... 2-17 2.8 Air Pollution ................................................................................................................ 2-27 2.9 Energy Consumption and Climate Change ................................................................ 2-30 2.10 Traffic Congestion ...................................................................................................... 2-31 3 URBAN TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................... 3-1 3.1 Review of Past Studies ................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Review of Urban Transport Master Plans ..................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Land Use and Transport Planning ................................................................................ 3-7 3.4 Funding for Urban Transport ........................................................................................ 3-8 3.5 Environmentally Sustainable Transport ...................................................................... 3-11 4 SIMPLIFIED URBAN TRANSPORT ANALYSIS .................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Sources of Data ............................................................................................................ 4-1 4.3 Urban Transport Indicators ........................................................................................... 4-3 4.4 Ranking of Urban Transport Needs .............................................................................. 4-9 4.5 Sketch Planning Methodology .................................................................................... 4-10 5 URBAN TRANSPORT PLAN PREPARATION ..................................................................... 5-1 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Population of the Philippines and Metro Manila ....................................................... 2-2 Table 2.2 Population Growth Rate (%) of Selected Countries ................................................. 2-2 Table 2.3 Urbanization Rate of Selected Countries ................................................................. 2-2 Table 2.4 Urban Density of Cities in Metro Manila ................................................................... 2-4 Table 2.5 Urban Density of Cities outside Metro Manila .......................................................... 2-5 Table 2.6 Private Vehicle Registration, 2000 ........................................................................... 2-7 Table 2.7 Private Vehicle Registration, 2008 ........................................................................... 2-8 Table 2.8 Metro Manila Travel Demand, 1980 and 1996 ......................................................... 2-9 Table 2.9 Metro Cebu Travel Demand, 1979-2020 .................................................................. 2-9 Table 2.10 Traffic Demand for Metro Iloilo, 2003-2022 ............................................................ 2-10 Table 2.11 Traffic Demand for Metro Bacolod, 2003-2022 ...................................................... 2-10 Table 2.12 Traffic Demand for Metro Cagayan de Oro, 2003-2022 ......................................... 2-11 Table 2.13 Public Transport Franchises per City ..................................................................... 2-13 Table 2.14 For-Hire Vehicle Registration, 2000 ....................................................................... 2-14 Table 2.15 For-Hire Vehicle Registration, 2008 ....................................................................... 2-15 Table 2.16 Annual Growth Rates of Public Transport Modes, 2000-2008 ............................... 2-16 Table 2.17 Road Length and Road Density, 2005, 2006 and 2008 ......................................... 2-17 Table 2.18 Traffic Accidents in Metro Manila, 2005 ................................................................. 2-18 Table 2.19 Accident Rates per 100,000 People in Metro Manila, 2005 ................................... 2-18 Table 2.20 Accident Rates per 10,000 Vehicles in Metro Manila, 2005 ................................... 2-19 Table 2.21 Traffic Related Deaths and Injury in Metro Manila, 2002-2006 .............................. 2-20 Table 2.22 Annual Increase in Number of Fatalities and Injuries ............................................. 2-20 Table 2.23 Road Traffic Accidents by Region According to Severity, 2008 .............................. 2-21 Table 2.24 Road Traffic Accidents by Region According to Number of Casualties, 2008 ........ 2-22 Table 2.25 Road Traffic Accidents by Region according to Cause, 2008 ................................ 2-23 Table 2.26 Average Concentration of TSP in NCR, 1998-2006 ............................................... 2-27 Table 2.27 Average Concentration of TSP in Cities Outside NCR, 1998-2005 ........................ 2-28 Table 3.1 Special Local Road Fund (SLRF) Allocation for 2008 ............................................ 3-10 Table 4.1 Sources of Readily-Available Data .........................................................................
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