Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd

Industrial High Temperature Heat Pump with low GWP refrigerants

2019.10.8 Naoki Kobayashi Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

1. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group Profile 2. Background and Motivation 3. High Temperature Heat Pump - Refrigerants - Heat pump cycle - Verification test - Material evaluation 4. Application 5. Conclusion

Beyond 130 years of history, MHI Group technologies have supported Japan across rough seas.

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Future

1873: Name changed 1950: Establishment MHI’s Progress Mitsubishi Shokai 1946 East Japan Heavy-Industries, Ltd. 1875: Name changed Dissolution

Mitsubishi’s Progress Mitsubishi Steamship Co.

1875: Name changed 1907: Established 1937: Reorganized 1943: Company name changed 1952: Mitsubishi Mail Steamship Co. Shipbuilding Division of Mitsubishi Goshi Kaisha Kabushiki Kaisha Kabushiki Kaisha Company name changed Mitsubishi Sha Mitsubishi Honsha Merger of Three Companies 1886: Name changed Mitsubishi Nippon 1917: Established 1964: Merged Mitsubishi Sha Heavy-Industries, Ltd. Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. Establishment MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. Origin of Mitsubishi January 11, 1950 1952: Business departments introduced 1893: Establishment Company name changed 2014: 1870: Establishment 1934: Merged Central Japan Mitsubishi Goshi Kaisha Shin Mitsubishi Heavy-Industries, Ltd. 1970: Complete transition to Tsukumo Shokai Mitsubishi Heavy-Industries, Ltd. Heavy-Industries, Ltd. Business headquarters introduced business domains (divisions) Company Progress July 7, 1884 Foundation Lease of Government-owned Nagasaki Shipyard (Purchased in 1887) 1921: Establishment 1942: Mitsubishi Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd Establishment 1970: Establishment 1995: Merged Mitsubishi Steel Mitsubishi Motors Corporation Mitsubishi Atomic Power Industries, Inc. 1935: Merged Manufacturing. Co., Ltd. Yokohama Dock Co., Ltd. 1952: Company name changed 1963: Establishment 1883: Name changed 1945: Merged Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. Government-owned Nagasaki Shipyard 1928: Company name changed Mitsubishi Machine Tool & Engineering Co., Ltd. Manufacturing. Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi Aircraft Co., Ltd. 1868: Name changed Government-owned Nagasaki Iron Works 1921: Company name changed Mitsubishi Internal Combustion Engine Co., Ltd. 1857: Construction begins Nagasaki Forge of Tokugawa Shogunate 1920: Establishment 1950: Establishment Mitsubishi Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturing. Co., Ltd. West Japan Heavy-Industries, Ltd.

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Board of Directors POWER SYSTEMS

President and CEO Corporate Planning & Administration Division Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Executive Committee Audit and Quality Assurance Integration Division Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marine Machinery & Equipment Co., Ltd. Supervisory Committee Power & Energy Solution Business Division Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Aero Engines, Ltd. Audit and Supervisory Committee’s Office Nuclear Energy Systems Division Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation CSO Domestic Offices (Nuclear Energy Systems) Business Strategy Office Renewable Energy Business Division Corporate Planning Department Corporate Communication Department Strategic Relations Department INDUSTRY & INFRASTRUCTURE Global Operations Support Department Overseas Offices Business Strategy Department Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. GC Administration Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marine Structure Co., Ltd. Management Audit Department High Speed Railway Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering, Ltd. Executive Secretariat Department Legal & General Affairs Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Business Risk Management Division Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Forklift, Engine & Turbocharger Holdings, Ltd. HR Mitsubishi Logisnext Co., Ltd. Global HR Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engine & Turbocharger, Ltd. Human Resources & Labor Relations Department Primetals Technologies, Limited CFO Investor Relations & Shareholders Relations Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Asset Management Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Machinery Systems, Ltd. Managerial & Financial Planning Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Machine Tool Co., Ltd. Global Finance & Accounting Department Financial Management Division CTO AIRCRAFT, DEFENSE & SPACE* *Initially managed directly by President and CEO Technology Strategy Office Research & Innovation Center INTEGRATED DEFENSE & SPACE SYSTEMS ICT Solution Headquarters Planning & Administration Department Value Chain Headquarters Advanced System Programs Department Marketing & Innovation Headquarters Procurement Department Chief Regional Officers Aircraft & Missile Systems Division Latin America Space Systems Division Europe, Middle East & Africa China Special Vehicle Division India Naval Ship & Maritime Systems Division Asia Pacific Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works COMMERCIAL AVIATION SYSTEMS Shimonoseki Shipyard & Machinery Works Planning & Administration Department Hiroshima Machinery Works Mihara Machinery Works Engineering Steering Department Kobe Shipyard & Machinery Works Aviation Business Development & Strategy Department Takasago Machinery Works Nagoya Aerospace Systems Works Commercial Airplanes Division Nagoya Guidance & Propulsion Systems Works Iwatsuka Plant Yokohama Dockyard & Machinery Works MRJ Division Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Sagamihara Machinery Works

CEO: Chief Executive Officer CSO: Chief Strategy Officer GC: General Counsel HR: Human Resources CFO: Chief Financial Officer CTO: Chief Technology Officer © MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 5 DOMESTIC WORKS & PLANTS

HIROSHIMA MACHINERY WORKS MIHARA MACHINERY WORKS SAGAMIHARA MACHINERY YOKOHAMA DOCKYARD & ■Power Systems ■Industry & Infrastructure WORKS MACHINERY WORKS ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Power Systems ■Aircraft, Defense & Space ■Aircraft, Defense & Space ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Aircraft, Defense & Space

HEAD OFFICE

SHIMONOSEKI SHIPYARD & NAGOYA GUIDANCE & PROPULSION MACHINERY WORKS SYSTEMS WORKS ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Power Systems ■Aircraft, Defense & Space ■Aircraft, Defense & Space

NAGASAKI SHIPYARD & TAKASAGO MACHINERY WORKS KOBE SHIPYARD & MACHINERY IWATSUKA PLANT NAGOYA AEROSPACE SYSTEMS MACHINERY WORKS ■Power Systems WORKS ■Industry & Infrastructure WORKS ■Power Systems ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Power Systems ■Aircraft, Defense & Space ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Industry & Infrastructure ■Aircraft, Defense & Space ■Aircraft, Defense & Space

Material Handling Equipment Material Handling Equipment ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES FORKLIFT, ENGINE & TURBOCHARGER HOLDINGS, LTD. ■MITSUBISHI LOGISNEXT CO., LTD. 48. Reach-type Forklift 49. Small-sized Engine-powered Forklift 50. Large-sized Engine-powered Forklift 48 49 50 51 52 51. Storage System 52. Laser-guided AGF Engine & Energy Engine & Energy ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES FORKLIFT, ENGINE & TURBOCHARGER HOLDINGS, LTD. ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES ENGINE & TURBOCHARGER, LTD. 53. Marine Diesel Engine, S6R2-T2MTK3L 54. Diesel Engine Generator Set, MGS 2700B 53 54 55 56 57 55. Container-configured 1500 kW Gas Engine Distributed Power Generation System, MEGANINJA Turbochargers 56. Gas Engine, KU30GSI 57. Remote Monitoring Service 58. Small Diesel Engine D04EG (Emission Compliance: U.S. EPA Interim Tier 4, EU Stage 3B) 59. Gas Engine Cogeneration System Turbochargers ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES FORKLIFT, ENGINE & 58 59 60 61 62 TURBOCHARGER HOLDINGS, LTD. Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES ENGINE & TURBOCHARGER, LTD. 60. Turbocharger for Gasoline Engine Integrated with Sheet-metal Exhaust Manifold 61. Variable Geometry (VG) Turbocharger for Diesel Engine 62. Turbocharger for Truck Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES THERMAL SYSTEMS, LTD.

63 64 65 66 67 63. Residential Air-conditioner 64. Inverter Packaged Air-conditioner Automotive Air Conditioners 65. Multi-split Type Air-conditioner 66. Air-sourced Heat Pump Chiller, MSV 67. Commercial Use CO2 for Air-to-Water Heat Pump, Q-ton and Tank 68. Variable Speed Drive Centrifugal Chiller, ETI-Z 69. Transport Electric Refrigeration Unit Automotive Air Conditioners ■MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES THERMAL SYSTEMS, LTD. 68 69 70 71 72 70. Electric Scroll Compressor 71. Belt-type Scroll Compressor 72. HVAC Module (Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning)

For energy service amount, about two-thirds of the primary energy supply is lost as loss About half of the energy consumption is consumed by the industrial sector In the commercial sector, energy is consumed in the heat demand about half

Unit: 1015J

loss cooling heating commercial hot water supply

kitchen industry engien, etc.

transport

Primary energy Conversion Final energy Energy service supply sector consumption amount Energy balance in Japan (2009) Final energy consumption ratio in Japan (2010)

(Source: Center for Research and Development Strategy Japan Science and Technology Agency, Technology Survey on Advanced Utilization of Medium to Low Temperature Heat)

Most of the waste heat that is not utilized and discarded is below 200 °C. If this heat can be effectively utilized, it can greatly contribute to energy conservation.

] foods y /

J fibers P

[ pulp/paper

a chemical e

h petroleum/coal

s ceramic/stone products a g

steel t

s nonferrous metal u

a machinery h

x electric machine e

f transport machinery o

t gas n

u cleaning o others m a

amount of exhaust temperature [°C]

http://www.thermat.jp/HainetsuChousa/HainetsuReport.pdf

The concept of heat pump is that it generates heat of about 200℃ using waste heat of about 100℃ for industrial sector. Refrigerants used for heat pump is low GWP refrigerant.

COP=3.5 heating capacity: approx. 600kW

100°C 200°C

heat source heat sink (waste heat: water) (pressurized water) low GWP refrigerant

90°C 100°C

The development of heat pumps over 160 ° C is unprecedented in the world and is challenging. The maximum temperature of the heat pump line up in our company is 90 ° C, and it is necessary to develop each component.

160-200°C our target

] 200 C ° [

. p

m 150 e t

k ESA301(R744) our target n i s

t 100 a e h

50 EQA401(R454C) ETW-L(R134a) 0 -50 0 50 100 150 heat source temp. [°C]

line up of MHIG heat pump

C. Arpagaus, F. Bless, M. Uhlmann, J. Schiffmann, S. S. Bertsch, “High temperature heat pumps: Market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials, Energy 152 (2018) © MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 12 development schedule (at the beginning of the project)

intermediate goal final goal supplying temp. :160℃ supplying temp. :200℃ COP>3.5（80℃→160℃） COP>3.5（100℃→200℃） system development

selection of lubricant oil, other material development development component component component development master plan of optimization of component equipment heat pump cycle

thermodynamic and refrigerant transport property development for 160℃ establishment of industrial production method for 200℃ chemical property, stability, flammability

2013 2017 2022

Systems> Industries> (National Institute of Advanced ［2］development of low Industrial Science and Technology) ［1］Introduction ［1］Introduction GWP refrigeration ］ Process Research Process Research ・examination of mass [2 development of low GWP refrigeration ［3］Development of ［3］Development of production ・ heat pump heat pump ・evaluation of stability and search for new refrigerant toxicity ・high-efficiency synthetic methods ・Evaluation of flammability, the environmental impact

［2］development of low ［2］development of low ［2］development of low GWP refrigeration GWP refrigeration GWP refrigeration ・thermodynamic property ・transport property ・equations of state

［3］Development of heat pump element ・heat pump cycle, heat exchanger

10000 Existent Refrigerant R134a R245fa R365mfc 1000 R32 0 0 1

P 100 W Target zone of our PJ G New Refrigerant （Cooling use) New Refrigerant R&D point①： 10 （High temperature use） Possible using at Research for high temperature R1234yf R1234ze(E) refrigerant candidate and low GWP 1 50 100 150 200 250 Critical poin臨t 界te温m度p.[℃] a) Safety：Low toxicity, Non-flammability(Low flammability) R&D point②： b) Environment： Low GWP, Zero ODP Clear for Requirement c) Performance： Proper thermal & transport property property d) Economy：Low cost manufacture, mass production （Necessary to develop sequential process production）

Candidate refrigerants were selected from environmental, safety, thermal stability and physical properties.

candidate refrigerant for high temperature heat pump for 160℃ HP for 200℃ HP

A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3

1 3 9 <20 unvalued 18 GWP100 Ames: Negativity Ames: Negativity Ames: Negativity Ames: Negativity Ames: Negativity Ames: Negativity acute oral acute inhalation: acute inhalation: acute inhalation: acute inhalation: acute oral Toxicity exposure: GHS out of GHS out of GHS out of GHS Category5 exposure: GHS GHS Category5 category category category Or out of C Category5 Or out of C Flammability Class：1 Class：2L Class：1 Class：2L Class：1 Class:2L

Heat stability 160℃ 200℃ 225℃ 250℃ 225℃ 250℃

PTV property Evaluation Data complete Data complete Data complete Data complete Unvalued Transport property scheduled

A verification test of a newly developed compressor impeller for high temperature heat pump was conducted by modifying an current model (ETW-L) and replacing the refrigerant. The main changes from the current model are as follows. - refrigerant - shape and material of compressor impeller - having inter cooler ） refrigerant (R134a →A3 shape(1st) and material of impeller oil

inter cooler ETW-L

Drying furnaces and chemical plants are considered as processes with a possibility of introducing high temperature heat pumps. Operation data was actually obtained at these plants, and the heat balance was confirmed, and the effect of introducing a heat pump was estimated.

circulation air suction air exhaust air exhaust air air burner dry furnace suction fan (direct heat) HEX exhaust fan outlet heat source inlet heat source HEX heat recovery high temp. heat supply (pressurized water) outlet hot outlet water heat source drain supply water tank tank heat pump inlet hot water inlet heat source

schematic drawing of application example for painting dry furnace

Operation data was actually obtained at these plants, and the heat balance was confirmed, and the effect of introducing a heat pump was estimated. In case of painting dry furnace, the installation of heat pumps can reduce primary energy consumption by 14% and running costs by 32%.

primary energy consumption running cost e r o f e b / r e t f a

n o i t a l l a t s n i

P H

chemical process painting dry furnace internal dry furnace (COP 3.0) (COP 4.0) (COP 4.0)

effect of installation heat pump

We have developed a high-temperature heat pump that can effectively utilize unused heat and contribute to energy conservation. Physical property data necessary for selecting refrigerants suitable for heat pumps of 160 ° C output and 200 ° C output and for cycle evaluation have been obtained. Component design and verification test of heat pump with outlet temperature of 160 ° C are being carried out.

Physical property data of the another refrigerant for 200 ° C heat pump will be obtained, and an equation of state will be created in 2020. The basic design of 200 ° C heat pump will be completed in 2020.

The results were obtained as a result of a commission from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).