DOCSLIB.ORG

The Securitisation of the United Kingdom's Maritime Infrastructure During

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Securitisation of the United Kingdom's Maritime Infrastructure During The securitisation of the United Kingdom’s maritime infrastructure during the ‘war on terror’ James A. Malcolm A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Studies University of Warwick, Department of Politics and International Studies September 2011 Table of Contents List of Figures, Tables and Images..........................................................................iii Acknowledgements................................................................................................. iv Declaration...............................................................................................................v Abstract....................................................................................................................vi List of Abbreviations................................................................................................vii Introduction - Counter-terrorism and the United Kingdom’s maritime infrastructure...........................................................................................................1 The study...................................................................................................................1 Contribution...............................................................................................................5 Central argument........................................................................................................7 Thesis structure..........................................................................................................10 Chapter One – Reorienting towards the ‘post-securitised environment’: utilising the Copenhagen School’s securitisation theory as an analytical framework................................................................................................................14 Introduction................................................................................................................14 Contextualising the Copenhagen School’s securitisation theory...............................17 The Copenhagen School............................................................................................28 The Copenhagen School’s securitisation theory........................................................32 The speech act........................................................................34 A securitising move................................................................35 Securitisation – a successful securitising move......................38 Macrosecuritisation and security constellations.....................40 Reorienting securitisation theory towards the ‘post-securitised environment’..........43 The Copenhagen School’s securitisation theory and its critics..................................51 The case study – the securitisation of the UK’s maritime infrastructure...................60 Research methods and sources...................................................................................70 Conclusion..................................................................................................................74 Chapter Two – Contextualising the case study: the ‘war on terror’ and the emergence of the ISPS code.....................................................................................78 Introduction................................................................................................................78 The construction of the ‘war on terror’ discourse of counter-terrorism.....................82 The ‘war on terror’ in the UK.....................................................................................90 The securitisation of UK maritime infrastructure during the ‘war on terror’ ..........107 Conclusion................................................................................................................126 i Chapter Three – From introduction to institutionalisation: the next phase in implementation.......................................................................................................131 Introduction..............................................................................................................131 Resistance and reiteration – the stability of the ‘war on terror’ discourse...............135 UK maritime infrastructure as a ‘site of securitisation’...........................................144 UK maritime infrastructure – the post-securitised environment..............................150 Legislation and regulations..................................................156 Institutional changes and infrastructure developments........164 Working practices................................................................167 Conclusion...............................................................................................................185 Chapter Four – Beyond the ISPS code: securing UK maritime infrastructure after the London 2005 terrorist attacks................................................................192 Introduction..............................................................................................................192 Reflection and renewal – the ‘war on terror’ after the London 2005 terrorist attacks.......................................................................................................................197 UK maritime infrastructure as a ‘site of securitisation’...........................................212 UK maritime infrastructure – the post-securitised environment.............................220 Legislation and regulations..................................................224 Institutional changes and infrastructure developments........232 Working practices................................................................241 Conclusion...............................................................................................................247 Chapter Five – Staying the course: securing UK maritime infrastructure after Blair.........................................................................................................................255 Introduction..............................................................................................................255 New Prime Minister, little change – Gordon Brown and the ‘war on terror’.........258 UK maritime infrastructure as a ‘site of securitisation’..........................................271 UK maritime infrastructure – the post-securitised environment.............................278 Legislation and regulations.................................................280 Institutional changes and infrastructure developments.......285 Working practices...............................................................295 Conclusion..............................................................................................................306 Conclusion – Continuity and change: the securitisation of UK maritime infrastructure during the ‘war on terror’...........................................................313 The thesis’ argument...............................................................................................313 Key findings............................................................................................................321 Future research avenues..........................................................................................341 Appendix A – Interview Strategy........................................................................346 Appendix B – Project Kraken member survey..................................................348 Bibliography...........................................................................................................353 ii Figures, Tables and Images Figure 1 - The securitisation process..................................................... 49 & 322 Figure 2 - Terrorist Risk Factors from Shipping............................................115 Figure 3 – The spatial dimension to securitisation.........................................334 Table 1 – The TRANSEC approach to compliance........................................170 Image 1 – Security level sign..........................................................................173 Image 2 – Port security poster........................................................................175 Image 3 – Port personnel search.....................................................................181 Image 4 – Port vehicle search.........................................................................182 Image 5 – Port entry/exit point.......................................................................182 Image 6 – Big Mac..........................................................................................222 Image 7 - Project Kraken paraphernalia.........................................................302 Image 8 – Coast Watch branding....................................................................302 Image 9 – Project Kraken poster.....................................................................305 iii Acknowledgements Writing this PhD thesis has been a time consuming, yet rewarding experience. I have been very lucky to have had the opportunity to spend a number of years reading, thinking, discussing and writing about issues that interest me. I am particularly grateful to the Department of Politics and International Studies here at Warwick for having the faith in me to offer an ESRC scholarship. I also want to thank my PhD colleagues, too numerous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Future Coastguard Consultation
    Protecting our Seas and Shores in the 21st Century Consultation on proposals for modernising the Coastguard 2010 Coastguard Modernisation Consultation Table of Contents Forewords........................................................................................................3 Executive Summary.........................................................................................7 How to Respond ............................................................................................10 Chapter 1: Protecting our Seas and Shores in the 21st century ....................12 Chapter 2: The Coastguard Today.................................................................14 Chapter 3: Modernising Structures and Systems...........................................19 Chapter 4: The Proposed Structure ...............................................................22 Chapter 5: Strengthening the Coastguard Rescue Service ...........................32 Chapter 6: Improving Efficiency and Value for Money ...................................37 Equality Impact Assessment..........................................................................40 What will happen next....................................................................................41 Annex A The Consultation Criteria................................................................42 Annex B : Glossary of Terms ........................................................................43 Annex C: List of Consultees..........................................................................46
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed Prospectus
    The premier distance learning “I warmly recommend this MBA in Shipping & Logistics programme to all maritime specialists MBA for the maritime sector who want to improve their skills, knowledge and understanding of the shipping businesses.” Catalin-Valerica Ancau, AncelorMittal Steel Galati S.A. Detailed Prospectus Start date: 24th September 2012 Application deadline: 10th August 2012 Email: [email protected] Visit: www.mba4shipping.com Scan with QR app Tel: +44 (0)20 3377 3209 / +1 (646) 957 8929 Contents Welcome ................................................ 1 Programme Overview ............................ 2 Why Study this MBA? ............................ 2 Programme Structure ............................ 3 Business Transformation Project ........... 7 Welcome Merits of this MBA.................................. 8 Who Studies this MBA? ....................... 10 Welcome to the MBA in Shipping & Logistics, offered by Lloyd’s Maritime Academy Student Testimonials ............................11 and Middlesex University Business School. Our industry leading programme provides Studying by Distance Learning ............ 13 you with the essential personal and professional qualities required to propel your career into the realms of executive management, especially now that proficient and Programme Faculty ............................. 14 inspiring leaders are needed and valued more than ever. Fee & Commencement Information..... 18 Entry Requirements ............................. 18 Integrating traditional core MBA competencies such as strategic
    [Show full text]
  • MARITIME and COASTGUARD AGENCY Annual Report and Accounts 2008-09 Incorporating Our Plans for 2009-10 and Beyond
    MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY Annual Report and Accounts 2008-09 Incorporating our plans for 2009-10 and beyond Safer Lives Safer Ships Cleaner Seas 08/09 MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY Annual Report and Accounts 2008-09 Incorporating our plans for 2009-10 and beyond Presented to the House of Commons pursuant to section 7 of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 16 July 2009 HC792 London: The Stationery Office £19.15 Our vision is to be a world-class organisation that is committed to preventing loss of life, continuously improving maritime safety, and protecting the marine environment: Safer lives, safer ships, cleaner seas Our shared core values are: Mutual respect and customer focus © Crown Copyright 2009 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and other departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. For any other use of this material please write to Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or e-mail: [email protected] ISBN: 9780102961485 Contents 4 Chief Executive’s Foreword 6 Who We Are 10 Management Commentary 15 Safer Lives 20 Safer Ships 26 Cleaner Seas 28 Financial Review for the Year 30 Remuneration Report 35 Accounts 65 Annexes 82 2009-10 Ministerial Targets Chief Executive’s Foreword I am pleased to present the Maritime and got to grips with a new structure, and our Coastguard Agency’s Annual Report and coastal organisation was hit by strike action Accounts for 2008-2009, incorporating our in March, April, July and over the busy August plans for 2009-2010 and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • Christmas Stars Many Use the Coco-Cola Advert As Their Favourite First Sign of Christmas but at St
    December 2018 Christmas Stars Many use the Coco-Cola advert as their favourite first sign of Christmas but at St. Ed’s it is always our Nativity performances that signal Christmas is on its way! This year, our traditional nativity was performed by our Form 1 and Form 2 children who entertained their proud audience with an array of new festive songs including ‘A Great Big Star’ and “It’s a squash, it’s a squeeze”. #St. Ed’s defies anybody who left the Chapel that day without a tear in their eye! The following day it was our Early Years children who turned the Chapel into a winter wonderland of animals helping Rudolph who had lost his nose! After all of the animals kindly offered Rudolph alternatives, including a carrot and a star, it was Mr Walliker himself who saved the day as Rudolph’s nose appeared in his pocket! Thank Christmas for Mr Walliker! Congratulations to our Ties! Welcome Many congratulations to Ella Chauhan, Madelaine Murrin, Jake Paterson, Guy van Baby Michael Oudtshoorn and Erin Wilson who were awarded their Prefect “ties” this term. Voted for by the school staff, the “ties” role is to support the Heads of Prep Mr Church School, Kitty and Freddie, and assume particular responsibilities in and around the and his wife school. Quoting Churchill, “the price of greatness is responsibility” so well done Jitka are to you all for your more than deserving recognition. delighted to announce the birth of their son, Michael who arrived in this world on Saturday 17th November at 8.00 am weighing in at 8 lbs.
    [Show full text]
  • MCA Framework Document
    FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT FOR THE MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY (MCA) June 2014 1 Contents THE AGENCY ............................................................................................................ 4 Main activities/responsibilities ................................................................................. 4 Location .................................................................................................................. 4 ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITY........................................... 4 The Secretary of State ............................................................................................ 4 The Permanent Secretary ....................................................................................... 5 Agency Owner ........................................................................................................ 6 Chief Executive ....................................................................................................... 6 MCA Executive Board ............................................................................................. 7 Secretary of State’s Representative (SOSREP) ..................................................... 7 Receiver of Wreck ................................................................................................... 8 Sponsor Divisions ................................................................................................... 8 Maritime Administration Board ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Coastguard, Emergency Towing Vessels and the Maritime Incident Response Group: Follow Up
    House of Commons Transport Committee The Coastguard, Emergency Towing Vessels and the Maritime Incident Response Group: follow up Sixth Report of Session 2010–12 Volume II Additional written evidence Ordered by the House of Commons to be published 12 September, 22 October, 12, 26 November 2012 Published on 11 December 2012 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited The Transport Committee The Transport Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for Transport and its Associate Public Bodies. Current membership Mrs Louise Ellman (Labour/Co-operative, Liverpool Riverside) (Chair) Steve Baker (Conservative, Wycombe) Jim Dobbin (Labour/Co-operative, Heywood and Middleton) Mr Tom Harris (Labour, Glasgow South) Julie Hilling (Labour, Bolton West) Kwasi Kwarteng (Conservative, Spelthorne) Mr John Leech (Liberal Democrat, Manchester Withington) Karen Lumley (Conservative, Redditch) Karl McCartney (Conservative, Lincoln) Iain Stewart (Conservative, Milton Keynes South) Graham Stringer (Labour, Blackley and Broughton) The following were also members of the committee during the Parliament. Angie Bray (Conservative, Ealing Central and Acton), Lilian Greenwood (Labour, Nottingham South), Kelvin Hopkins (Labour, Luton North), Paul Maynard, (Conservative, Blackpool North and Cleveleys), Gavin Shuker (Labour/Co- operative, Luton South), Angela Smith (Labour, Penistone and Stocksbridge), Julian Sturdy (Conservative, York Outer) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House.
    [Show full text]
  • Image Munitions and the Continuation of War and Politics by Other Means
    _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses Image warfare in the war on terror: Image munitions and the continuation of war and politics by other means. Roger, Nathan Philip How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Roger, Nathan Philip (2010) Image warfare in the war on terror: Image munitions and the continuation of war and politics by other means.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42350 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Image warfare in the war on terror: Image munitions and the continuation of war and politics by other means Nathan Philip Roger Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Swansea University 2010 ProQuest Number: 10798058 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Security in a Small Nation Scotland, Democracy, Politics
    Security in a Small Nation Scotland, Democracy, Politics EDITED BY ANDREW W. NEAL To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/524 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Security in a Small Nation Scotland, Democracy, Politics Edited by Andrew W. Neal Centre for Security Research University of Edinburgh https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2017 Andrew W. Neal. Copyright of each chapter is maintained by the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Andrew W. Neal (ed.), Security in a Small Nation: Scotland, Democracy, Politics. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2017. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0078 In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/524#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www.
    [Show full text]
  • IED” Capabilities in Europe: Assessing the Present Future Threat to West Jeffrey M
    Jihadist Cells and “IED” Capabilities in Europe: Assessing the Present Future Threat to West U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Visit our website for other free publication downloads FOR THIS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS, VISIT US AT http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil To rate this publication click here. JIHADIST CELLS AND “IED” CAPABILITIES IN EUROPE: ASSESSING THE PRESENT AND FUTURE THREAT Jeffrey M. Bale TO THE WEST Jeffrey M. Bale U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE This Publication SSI Website USAWC Website STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues related to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrate- gic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of De- fense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip re- ports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army par- ticipation in national security policy formulation.
    [Show full text]
  • 57Th Annual Meeting
    THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 61st ANNUAL MEETING November 4-7, 2009 Philadelphia Marriott Downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Criminology & Criminal Justice Policy TABLE OF CONTENTS The American Society of Criminology 3 Highlights of the 2009 ASC Program 4 2009 Program Committee 6 General Meeting Information 8 2009 ASC Divisions 9 ASC Division Meetings and Activities 10 ASC Divisions’ Sessions of Interest 12 Other Meetings and Events 22 Graduate School Information Exchange 24 Receptions 25 Directory of Exhibitors 26 ASC Presidents 27 General Program Schedule 29 Detailed Program Schedule 55 A Special Thank You 341 Advertising 342 Participant Index 367 Topic Index 427 Floor Plans 430 2 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 1314 Kinnear Road, Suite 212, Columbus, OH 43212-1156 614-292-9207 (p) 614-292-6767 (f), [email protected] www.asc41.com The American Society of Criminology embodies the following objectives: 1. To bring together, in one multidisciplinary society, persons actively engaged in research teaching, and/or practice in the field of criminology. 2. To foster criminological scholarship, research, education, and training within academic institutions and within the divisions of the criminal justice system, including public and private agencies concerned with crime, justice, and corrections. 3. To encourage scholarly, scientific, and practical exchange and cooperation among those engaged in criminology. 4. To serve as a forum for the dissemination of criminological knowledge. The American Society of Criminology Officers and Staff, 2008-2009 President: Todd Clear, John Jay College of Criminal Justice President-Elect: Richard Rosenfeld, University of Missouri, St. Louis Vice President: D. Wayne Osgood, Pennsylvania State University Vice President-Elect: Cheryl Maxson, University of California, Irvine Executive Director: Chris W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maritime and Coastguard Agency Annual Report and Accounts 2007-08
    Maritime and Coastguard Agency Annual Report and Accounts Safer Lives 2007-08 Safer Ships Cleaner Seas Incorporating our plans for 2008-09 and beyond HC617 Front cover image courtesy of Cunard 2 The Maritime and Coastguard Agency Annual Report and Accounts 2007-08 Incorporating our plans for 2008-09 and beyond Presented to the House of Commons pursuant to section 7 of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 14th July 2008 HC617 London: The Stationery Office £18.55 Our vision is to be a world-class organisation that is committed to preventing loss of life, continuously improving maritime safety, and protecting the marine environment: Safer Lives, Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas Our shared core values are: Mutual Respect and Customer Focus © Crown Copyright 2008 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and other departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. For any other use of this material please write to Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or e-mail: [email protected] 4 Annual Report and Accounts 2007-08 Contents 6 Chief Executive’s Foreword 34 Financial Review 8 Setting the Scene 35 Remuneration Report 12 Management Commentary 40 Accounts 17 Measuring our Performance 72 Annexes 21 Safer Lives 90 2008-09 Performance Targets 25 Safer Ships 31 Cleaner Seas 5 Chief Executive’s Foreword ‘Protecting our environment is important to so many people and shipping has the lowest carbon cost per mile of all transport modes, contributing 1.75% to world emissions.’ I am pleased to present the Annual Report and that remains true in our modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside the Crevice
    Inside the Crevice Islamist terror networks and the 7/7 intelligence failure PARLIAMENTARY BRIEFING PAPER Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed August 2007 © INSTITUTE FOR POLICY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Suite 301, 20 Harewood Avenue, London, NW1 6JX www.globalcrisis.org.uk Sponsored by Garden Court Chambers 57- 60 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A www.gardencourtchambers.co.uk THE IPRD The Institute for Policy Research & Development (IPRD) is an independent think- tank for interdisciplinary security studies, analyzing international terrorism, military interventions, as well as national and international conflicts, in the context of global ecological, energy and economic crises. Founded in April 2001 in Brighton, a UN “Peace Messenger” City for 20 years, the Institute now runs from the heart of London as an informal, non-profit international network of specialist scholars, experts and analysts. The opinions published by the Institute do not necessarily represent those of the members of the IPRD Board. IPRD International Academic Advisory Board Dr M Shahid Alam , Professor, Department of Economics, Northeastern University, Boston Dr Ruth Blakeley , Lecturer, Department of Politics & International Relations, University of Kent Dr Brett Bowden , Research Fellow, Centre for International Governance & Justice, Australian National University; former Lecturer in Political Science, Australian Defence Force Academy, University of New South Wales Dr Johan Galtung , Professor of Peace Studies, University of Hawaii; founder, Journal of Peace Research and International
    [Show full text]