The Steam Table, v1

If you’re reading this; you either like steam , or want to know more about them. Hopefully, either way, I can scratch your itch with this; a set of randomizer/dice-roll tables of my own making; as inspired by some similar tables for tanks and aircrafts. Bear with me, I know not everyone knows the things I do, and I sure know I don’t know a lot of things other enthusiasts do; but hopefully the descriptions and examples will be enough to get anyone through this smoothly.

To begin, you’ll either want a bunch of dice or any online dice-rolling/number generating site (or just pick at your own whim); and somewhere or something to keep track of the details. These tables will give details of a presumed (roughly) standard . No sentinels or other engines with vertical ; no climax, shay, etc specially driven ; are considered for this listing as they can change many of the fundamental details of an engine. Go in expecting to make the likes of mainline, branchline, dockyard, etc engines; not the likes of experiments like Bulleid’s Leader or specific industry engines like the aforementioned logging shays.

Some dice rolls will have uneven distribution, such as “1-4, and 5-6”. Typically this means that the less likely detail is also one that is/was significantly less common in real life, or significantly more complex to depict.

For clarity sake examples will be linked, but you’re always encouraged to look up more as you would like or feel necessary.

Be sure to read thoroughly for explanations of unique/more complex details; and, read thoroughly because some tables will tell you to go to a certain table for further specifications of a roll, or a roll will have its own instructions.

In the event you do not see a certain detail defined; such as the gauge, whistle placement, window shape, sandboxes, the type of coupling, buffers, cowcatchers, etc; feel free to take liberties with these details at your own discretion.

If you plan to draw/depict the engine you are in the process of rolling for, it is recommended you please make a note of your rolls for EVERY applicable table you go through BEFORE you begin a visualization, because certain details and aspects can potentially overrule/cover up other later ones. Fundamental Table The following will determine some core aspects of your engines, from here you will begin to generally shape where everything will be pieced together in turn. 1d20 NAME INFO FURTHER INSTR.

1-9 Tank engine Tank engines carry their fuel and water onboard the main Use the table for tanks later. vehicle, the engine; with water in tanks and fuel in bunkers. Proceed to the setup table. Ex: LB&SCR E2 (basis of ) Many American /shunter steam locomotives JNR C11

10-18 Engine Tenders are the vehicles attached behind the engine that Use the table for tenders later. carry the fuel and water. Proceed to the setup table. Ex: LNER Flying Scotsman CPRR Leviathan

19-20 Tender-Tank An uncommon type, where the water is carried on board the Use the tank table later, and optionally engine engine in tanks, and the fuel in a tender. Alternatively, a tank omit bunker/fuel options; then use the engine simply carrying a tender for extra capacity. tender table, and optionally omit any water options. Ex: Welsh Pony and Blanche Proceed to the setup table. DHR 778 Setup Table

There are some variations in how a locomotive’s are set up, for varying reasons of attempting to enhance performance in different ways. 1d20 NAME INFO FURTHER INST.

1-11 Standard The usual locomotive type with one set Proceed to config. table. of driven/powered wheels.

12- Divided Drive A locomotive where separately Proceed to the divided drive table, and then the wheel config. 17 powered pistons/cylinders power table. separate groups of drive wheels.

18 Double Fairlie A complex locomotive, a tank engine If you rolled tender/tender-tank, ignore that or reroll this. that is double ended. Essentially two Use the tank table, but know that the bunker can only be in front tank engines, conjoined at the . Two of the cab, on both sides; whether bunkers are between the cab boilers, two sets of wheel /trucks; and tank, atop/built partially into the tank, or what have you. one cab between them. Coupling and/or buffers are mounted to the On principle Fairlies only have powered wheels, if your wheel bogies/trucks and not the frames. config. roll has leading or trailing wheels, simply ignore them (unless you’d like to use them anyway, essentially becoming a Ex: Fairlie Mallet of sorts). Mexican fairlie E.g.: roll a Pacific, 4-6-2; it becomes 0-6-0+0-6-0, or 0-6-6-0 Ffestiniog Railway double fairlies Proceed to wheel config. table.

19- are a complex engine type. If you rolled tank/tender-tank; ignore that or reroll this. 20 (Beyer Garratt) Essentially the connects to Use the tender table and ignore the wheel options, and assume powered tenders at either end. Saying front tender is focused on water and rear tender is focused on they are powered means each tender fuel. has its own set of wheels under it, as opposed to the typical standard of the For whatever wheel configuration you roll for your engine, add wheels being under the boiler. that to the front tender, and then mirror it for the back tender. E.g.: a Pacific, 4-6-2; would become 4-6-2+2-6-4 Ex: Welsh garratts Australian garratts Proceed to wheel config. table. "William Francis" locomotive Divided Drive Table This is intended for the divided drive setup option, and will specify how the wheels are divided up. The general idea is that you will apply the ruling here to the wheel configuration you get, where the drive wheels there will be doubled. COIN FLIP: Heads/1 means the engine will have the same number of drive wheels in each set (ex: 2-2-2-0); tails/2 means one set will have one more or one less pair of drive wheels than the other (ex: 2-4-6-2)

1d20 NAME INFO FURTHER INST.

1-7 Duplex Both sets of drive wheels are rigidly Proceed to wheel config., and add the new set of drive connected to the frame. wheels in. Ex: Pennsylvania Railroad T1 E.g.: Atlantic, 4-4-2; becomes 4-4-4-2 PLM 151A

8-10 Compound For the sake of variety and cutting to the Proceed to wheel config., and add the new set of drive chase, assume “compounds” refers to wheels in. You can disregard later, as one set the style as set by Francis Webb’s of pistons/cylinders will have to be inside, the other will engines: drive wheels are connected to have to be outside. one rigid frame, with one set powered E.g.: 2-4-0, becomes 2-4-4-0 by the inside cylinders, the other by the outside cylinders. Ex: LNWR Greater Britain LNWR No. 777 (2-2-4-0) London and South Western Railway T7

11 Mallet , where the rear Proceed to wheel config., and add the new set of drive -17 wheel set under the cab is rigid on the wheels in. frame; the front set is on its own articulated frame (can pivot, swivel, etc) E.g.: 2-8-2, becomes 2-8-8-2 Ex: C&O 2-6-6-2 Mallet NWE Mallets Union Pacific Big Boy

18 Meyer Articulated locomotive where both sets Coin flip: 1/Heads, inwards facing cylinders; 2/Tails, -20 (or Kitson-Meyer, of wheels are on separate articulated outwards facing cylinders. which spaces out frames. Proceed to wheel config. The configuration will apply to the wheel sets to Ex: Ferrocarril Transandino 0-8-0+0-6-0 the front set, and mirror for the back set. make room for a (has outward cylinders) bigger ) French Meyer (has inward cylinders) E.g.: 2-4-4, becomes 2-4-4+4-4-2 Wheel Configuration/Arrangement Table

The wheel configuration is a very defining feature of a locomotive, lending itself to various aspects of the engine’s size and performance/traction capabilities. While engines with 6 leading and/or trailing wheels exist, and some with over 10 coupled driving wheels exist; these will generally be avoided for sake of space and simplicity. This chart will refer to wheel configurations in the standard. This system counts the wheels in the three standardly accepted groups of an engine: the leading, unpowered wheels; the powered aka drive wheels; and then the trailing, unpowered wheels. When an engine lacks leading and/or trailing wheels, that space is given a zero. Ex: a locomotive under the 2-4-0 notation is a locomotive that has two leading wheels, four drive wheels, and no trailing wheels.

Typically trailing wheels will be placed under the cab or further back under the bunker on tank engines; and in turn the leading wheels are found roughly under, or in front of the . So to, when there are no leading and/or trailing wheels, the drive wheels will typically be spaced out to roughly take up the space that those unpowered wheels would have occupied. For some examples; the LB&SCR E2 tank engine is an 0-6-0, and the drive wheels are essentially spaced out across the length of the engine. Meanwhile the GER M15 is a 2-4-2 with the leading wheels under the smokebox, and the trailing wheels under the bunker. With a tender engine, a 2-6-0 aka Mogul has its leading wheels under or in front of the smokebox; while a 4-6-2 aka Pacific has the four leading wheels typically under the smokebox (sometimes with the cylinders/pistons between the wheels as seen here), and the two trailing wheels are under the cab and/or firebox.

IF YOU ROLL AN ASYMMETRICAL CONFIGURATION , that is to say, something such as 2-6-0 or 4-4-2, as opposed to something like 2-8-2 or 0-4-0, FLIP A COIN: Heads/1 means keep it, tails/2 means reverse it. Ex: 4-4-0 mirrored becomes 0-4-4. Some examples of these flipped configurations, as available, will be listed in the same sections. Keep in mind, too; that flipped configurations do not share the same nicknames. For example, a 2-10-4 is known as a Texas or Selkirk; but a 4-10-2 is called a Reid Ten-Wheeler.

1d30 CONFIG. EXAMPLES/FURTHER NOTES

1 2-2-0 Planet, Aurelia, L&BR 2-2-0, Planet type Rocket (0-2-2), Northumbrian (0-2-2)

2 2-2-2 Jenny Lind, John Molson, LNWR Cornwall, Furness Railway Well Tank, Unrebuilt Gazelle, Single/Spinner CVRR Pioneer, LNWR Greater Britain (2-2-2-2) 3 4-2-2 GNR Stirling Single, GWR Dean Single, Lovett Eames, P&R Camelback, Single/Spinner Aerolite (2-2-4T)

4 4-2-0 Baldwin Pioneer, Lafayette, Earl of Airlie (0-2-4), LSWR T7 (4-2-2-0)

5 4-2-0 (Crampton) Do NOT flip a coin for the asymmetrical configuration. Crampton locomotives had their driving wheels placed behind the firebox, under/inside the cab. It will also have outside valve gear. You may decide if you’d like your engine to be 2-2-0, 4-2-0, or even 6-2-0 at your own discretion.

6 0-4-0 Furness Railway No.20, Reading Camelback, 0-4-0T Switcher, B&O Switcher, CR Pug, L&YR Pug, LNER Y10, LNER Y4, Porter 0-4-0T

7 2-4-0 LNWR Precedent class, Little Yarra, J.W. Bowker, Beattie Well Tank, (0-4-2T), Porter (0-4-2T), GWR 14XX (0-4-2T), LB&SCR Gladstone (0-4-2), Rebuilt Gazelle (0-4-2WT)

8 2-4-2 GER Y65, Baldwin Columbia, L&B Lyn, LNWR 5ft 6in Tank, Skookum (2-4-4-2)

9-10 4-4-0 CPRR Jupiter and UPRR No.119, Hunslet 4-4-0T, GWR 1490, City of Truro, LSWR T3 and T9, American type CR Class 439 (0-4-4T), SECR H (0-4-4T), NER Tank Passenger (0-4-4T)

11 4-4-2 Reading Camelback, PRR E3, Hiawatha 4-4-2, NBR H, LB&SCR I2, GNR C1, Atlantic NYC D (2-4-4T), Bavarian D XII (2-4-4T)

12 4-4-4 WR 4-4-4T, LNER H2, Reading 4-4-4, PRR T1 (4-4-4-4)

13-14 0-6-0 Littleton, LMS Jinty, GWR 5700, LNWR Cauliflower, GER G58, CR 812 and 498, USRA 0-6-0, dockside switcher, Old Maude (0-6-6-0), Mexican Double Fairlie (0-6-0+0-6-0)

15 2-6-0 JNR C56, GWR Aberdare, G&SWR 403, V&TRR Empire, Tki3 87, Mogul LMS Garratt (2-6-0+0-6-2), Lambton Tank 29 (0-6-2T), Baldwin 0-6-2T

16 2-6-2 GWR Small Prairie, LNER V2, Victorian Railways NA, B&O KK (2-6-6-2)

17 4-6-0 HR Jones Goods, Caledonian 191, GER S69, CPRR Buffalo, 4-6-0 Camelback, MR Flatiron (0-6-4T), South Australian K (0-6-4T) 18-19 4-6-2 LNER A3 and A4, PRR K4, Reading and Northern 425, Hiawatha 4-6-2, JNR C51, DB 10, FS Pacific 691, SR Merchant Navy, LMS Fowler 4P (2-6-4T), South African Railways GF (4-6-2+2-6-4)

20 4-6-4 NYC Hudson, CPR H1a, VR Pr2, SNCF 232, JNR C61, L&YR Dreadnought Tank, LNER W1, Baltic, Hudson UP Challenger (4-6-6-4), NRZ 15A (4-6-4+4-6-4)

21 0-8-0 Maunsell Z, Caledonian 492, Raven Q6, PRR C1, Russian O Class, Reuben Wells (saddle tank), Erie L1 (0-8-8-0), NYC Mallet (0-8-8-0)

22 2-8-0 USATC S160, PRR H8, FS 740, Stanier 8F, BR 56, L&YR 32 (0-8-2T), River Irt (0-8-2), FS 741, Consolidation B&O EL (2-8-8-0), LNER U1 (2-8-0+0-8-2)

23 2-8-2 LNER P2, JNR D51, DRG 39, SMR 10 Class, NSW D59, SNCF 141R, Mikado Southern Pacific MC-1 (2-8-8-2), SAR H4 (2-8-2+2-8-2)

24 4-8-0 LSWR G16, N&W Class M, NZR B, Queensland C17, MÁV Class 424, Mastodon, LNWR 380 (0-8-4T), GCR 8H (0-8-4T), BNR Class N (4-8-0+0-8-4) Twelve-Wheeler

25 4-8-2 Frisco 1522, PRR M1, CSD 498, SAR A, SAR 23, CN 6060, JNR D60 (2-8-4), NSB 49 (2-8-4), Mountain Russian IS (2-8-4), SAR GMA (4-8-2+2-8-4)

26 4-8-4 CNR Confederation, CSD 477, Russian P36, NYC Niagara, Southern Pacific GS-4, RENFE 242F, Northern Big Boy (4-8-8-4), NSW AD60 (4-8-4+4-8-4)

27 0-10-0 MR Big Bertha, GER A55, Russian E Class, JNR 4110, Reuben Wells, A&S 14, BR 94 Decapod (UK)

28 2-10-0 9F, BR 52, PRR I1, WM I-2, SNCF 150P, Romanian 150, Decapod (US) DM&IR 604(0-10-2)

29 2-10-2 Chinese QJ, Russian FD, CFR 151, AT&SF 900, B&O Big Sixes, DRG 95, Santa Fe ATSF 3000 (2-10-10-2), Virginian AE (2-10-10-2)

30 2-10-4 CP Selkirk, JNR E10, Russian OR23, ATSF 5000, SAR 21, C&O T1, PRR J1, Texas/Selkirk CSAR Class E (4-10-2), SP 5021 (4-10-2), Baldwin 60000 (4-10-2), Brazilian 4-10-2 WHEN DONE, proceed to next table. Valve Gear Placement While there are many kinds of valve gear, such as Walschaertz and Gresley, due to their mechanical complexity and sheer variety this option will be left to your own whim; this table is put forth to determine what is the primarily visible type of gear placement of your engine: outside, inside, or double frame inside gear. A reminder; that if your engine has the compound divided drive, you can skip this table as you already have one inside set and one outside set. *For outside valve gear, having any visible third (as seen in the above Gresley gear video, and here under the smokebox door) and/or fourth cylinders (as seen here and here; note the protruding shelf-like shapes below/in front of the smokebox) inside the frames is determined by 1d6 roll: 1-2: 2 cylinders, no inside cylinders 3-4: 4 cylinders (two outside, two inside) 5-6: 3 cylinders (two outside, one inside)

1d10 Type FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS/INFO EXAMPLES

1-5 Outside *1d6 dice roll. The engine has cylinders easily Caledonian 498, NYC Hudson, UPRR Challenger, visible outside of the frames, with a GWR Hall, General, NSWGR C38, Fowler Dock Tank, from piston to a wheel or drive/coupling rod also JNR D51 visible.

6-9 Inside The engine’s cylinders are between the frames. Caledonian Single, NER H, NER Longboiler, LNWR 380, There is no easily visible connecting rod, but the GNR L1, LMS Jinty, GWR 5700 driven wheels are connected to each other via coupling rod (assuming there are more than 2).

10 Double Same as inside valve gear above; but there is a GWR City of Truro, Midland Railway 700 Class, Frame noticeable frame between the wheels and rods. GWR Armstrong, GER P43, Furness Well Tank The rods are connected to the wheels via cranks. WHEN DONE, proceed to (as it applies) the tank table, or the tender table. The Tank Table As expected, the tank of a is among their most defining features. As time went on it became more common for tank engines to have condensing gear including pipes to recycle steam from the smokebox and condense it back into water for the tanks. While there are a few more types of tanks than listed, they are typically rarer. So too, the saddle and side tank types are more common, and as such have a higher chance of being rolled for in this chart.

*Due to some differences in how American locos are built, specifically the frame they are built on to compared to the kind British engines are built to; in regards to the chart, you may essentially count side tanks and pannier tanks as the same especially if you make an American style locomotive.

FLIP A COIN once you roll your type of tank. Heads/1, means the tank comes up to the beginning of the smokebox, or ends before the smokebox. Tails/2, means the tank comes up to the end of the smokebox. Do not flip a coin for the Well/Rear type, since they are located under the boiler and/or behind the cab.

1d12 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-4 Saddle Tanks that are attached LNWR Dock Tank, Hunslet Austerity tanks, Victorian Railways saddle tank, on top of the boiler/over Talyllyn, CB&Q switcher, PRR switcher, Southern Pacific shop goat, GWR 850 the top of the boiler.

5-8 Side Tanks on either side of LNER J50, Morris Park switcher*, LB&SCR Terriers, Caledonian 498, , the engine, attached to WHR Russell, the frames.

9-10 Well and/or Well tanks are found Forney (Rear), Mason Bogie (Rear), Beattie Well Tank, (Well), Rear below the boiler, and rear Adams Radial (Well+small side tanks), Bristol RR No 1 (Rear) tanks are found behind the cab. Rear tanks are sometimes essentially built-on tenders.

11-12 Pannier Tanks attached to either Minas de Aller No.2, Etat Belge pannier; GWR 5400, 5700, and 9700 classes, side of the boiler, they do Baldwin 608, AT&SF 2298* not come down to the frame. WHEN FINISHED, proceed to bunker table. The Bunker Table Bunkers are an essential part to tank engines. Whereas the tanks store their water, the bunkers store their fuel.

1d10 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-5 Back Generally the standard position, with the bunker located behind BR 4MT, Forney, Furness Well Tank, Taliesin, the cab. LNWR Tank, Switcher, GWR 850

6-8 Side This has the bunker or bunkers in front of the cab, on one or CR Pug, WHR Russell, Double Fairlie, both sides of the boiler. Sometimes standalone, sometimes built Tom Rolt, into/atop the tanks.

9 Top The bunker is in front of the cab, mounted atop the boiler DHR B class, Mexican Double Fairlies instead of at the sides.

10 Oil-firing A rarer type, a tank engine that burns oil instead of coal, Bell Oil Burner, DHR 787 (note the many typically due to a coal shortage. Usually this means the engine pipes, tanks on the saddle tank, and the large is more complex, needing to fit equipment and pipes aboard the compartment holding a generator, feedpump, engine that can transfer the oil. etc replacing the usual bunker) WHEN DONE, proceed to cab table. The Tender Table The tender locomotive predates the tank locomotive; with tenders carrying the fuel and water separate from the engine. This table serves to create the general visual shape of the tender itself and the wheels it has. Details such as coal rails; weatherboards, half-cabs and other sorts of crew cover; corridor tenders, and the size, are up to you.

FLIP A COIN. Heads/1 means the tender has rigid wheels that don’t swivel. Tails/2 means the tender has swivelling bogies/trucks (at least one set). The number of wheels/bogies you need is up to you and the size of the tender you think you need.

1d20 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-5 “Simple” tender The basic tender, where the water tank’s access opening is Stirling Single, , Jupiter, essentially on the same level as the fuel. From the side the GER T26, LB&SCR H1 main tender looks simply rectangular overall.

6-11 “Raised-fuel” Tenders with a noticeable raised section in front for fuel. There GNR A3, PRR T1, NYC Hudson, tender is some overlap of this and the simple tender above when coal SNCF 241P, BR 9F and 2MT rails and side plating are involved, but generally this is more for SIGNIFICANTLY raised sections.

12-15 Vanderbilt tender Tenders with large cylindrical water tanks, with a front section NZR G class and J class, UP 437, for fuel. Well-fitting for both coal or oil. CN 6060, GTW 4-8-4

16-18 Slopeback tender/ A tender that’s good for visibility, thanks to it sloping down in Southwest Lumber 25, PRR A5, Sloped tender the back. 0-6-0 switcher, L&NRR 501

19-20 Whaleback tender A tender with a sort of half- shape, flat-side down. A Georgetown Loop No.12, tender for oil, not solid fuel. LK&P Myrtle, SP 2921 and 2592 WHEN DONE, proceed to cab table. The Cab Table The cab is of course, the control center of a locomotive. A driver at the controls of the engine; and at least one fireman to keep the flame fuelled and not only assist, but learn from the driver. Many cab types exist, with varying amounts of protection from the elements for the crews. 1d20 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-3 Cabless No roof. Walls, if there are any, are short/half-length; or , GWR Firefly, Quarry Hunslet, there may even just be guardrails/handrails. Talyllyn (cabless), Fire Queen

4-6 Weatherboard A front wall, with windows, possibly curves in at the top Caledonian 189, Sir Berkeley, Furness 20, some. No roof, but potentially a rear or tender Wheatley J86 weatherboard. Side walls, if any, are going to be short/half-height.

7-14 Cab The relative standard, with a front wall and roof at least John Bull (cab), GWR 1042, Talyllyn, some partial side walls (but not necessarily a back wall). PRR T1, BR 50, LMS Black 5, CN E-10-a, Flip a coin. Heads/1, you have fairly full side walls with at CR Dunalastair II, Quarry Hunslet (cab) least a small window (whether they open or not). Tails/2, you have rather open, exposed side walls.

15-19 Camelback Two cabs. A high-resting cab for the engineer/driver slung Lackawanna Iron & Steel Co camelback, over the sides of the boiler a bit, and a low partial cab by Reading 1161, Erie G-12 and L-1, the firebox for the fireman. NYO&W R Class While historically these were tender engines, you are encouraged to try to find ways to make this work for other engines if you’d like to, such as a driver cab placed atop a firebox cab/ a double-decker cab.

20 Inspection/ A specialty type; an enclosed sitting/walking area of some LSWR F9, PRR 217, NBR Class W605, Saloon kind, attached to the locomotive boiler or bunker.Typically Black Diamond inspection loco, B&O 316, looks like a passenger car/coach attached to an engine; Lehigh Valley Dorothy, LS&MS Chicago, whether that be just attached, or partially/fully enclosing the Inspector engine 99, engine. While this is meant for the engine itself, you could DL&W inspection engine, apply it to a tender instead if you prefer. LNWR Cornwall (tender)

Proceed to next table. The Firebox Table Steam power requires heat in order to make steam. Fireboxes, at the back of the engine and with cab access, hold the crucial fire that locomotives need for their steam production. Depending on how a locomotive’s boiler and firebox are set upon the frame, the bottom of the firebox (typically sloped back or somewhat flat/curve bottomed) may or may not be seen. Thus this table focuses more on the top of the firebox, since that can affect an engine’s profile more.

1d12 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-2 Haystack Old-fashioned, very prominent, tall fireboxes of many earlier Coppernob, GWR Firefly, engines. Norris locomotives

3-7 Round-top For all intents and purposes, this is the “default” firebox; one GER L77, Raven A2, LNER A3, that generally fits to the shape of the boiler, with the firebox USRA 0-6-0, LSWR T3, Rocket, rounded over the top. GWR Iron Duke (tapered), Flip a coin. Heads/1, you can directly connect the firebox and B&O N-1 (tapered), boiler, or have a gently changing size. W&ARR Texas (tapered) Tails/2, you must have a clearly tapered boiler, with a Sir Berkeley (tapered) noticeably thinner boiler than the firebox.; whether gradually or not.

8-12 Belpaire A protruding firebox, generally square in shape at the top. GER L77, CB&Q A-6and F-2, LMS Patriot and Royal Scot, PRR T1 Proceed to next table. /Funnel/Smokestack Table Another defining trait of the steam locomotive, the smokestack directs the smoke and steam up and out into the air; and plays a part in the draft/circulation of air for the fire as well. While the length is up to you and what you see fit, this table will set out to define the overall look of your chimney, especially the end of it.

*Due to their function, if you get a spark arrestor or Crosti chimney, you may skip the smoke deflector section as you please, though some engines did have deflectors over Crosti chimneys.

1d20 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-5 Capped Many railways and railroads had many slightly differently shaped caps Russian Kh, GWR Llywelyn, to their smokestacks, even copper-capped ones. UP 119, LMS Princess Royal, SECR P, NC&StL 577

6-10 Plain A straightforward smokestack, with at most a small lip for the rim (or L&YR Pug, Viscose Co. No. 6, another protrusion partway up). Russian Class O, DRB 50, OR&N 197, BR J15, PRR D16

11-14 Double Typically used on large locomotives that need additional draft, double DB 10, LNWR 1532, LNER A4, chimneys are usually encased together and so may look like one Porta’s Argentina, GWR King, wide/pill-shaped chimney. Big Boy

15-19 Spark The classic “wild west” American locomotives had large spark Stainz loco, Schnapper, Arrestor* arrestors, thanks to how many sparks are produced burning wood as D&RG 168 and 478, General, fuel; but many, many variations exist with many different shapes and GWR 1600, Polish Las sizes. Encouraged to look them up to get a better scope.

20 Crosti* A particularly interesting system of Italian design that uses two Franco-Crosti boiler BR 9F, separate chimneys, and has essentially two boilers stacked vertically. RENFE Franco-Crosti, Make note of the multiple chimneys, and the second smokebox and DB 50.40, FS 743 door below the primary one in the examples. Flip a coin. Heads/1 means one in the usual place atop the smokebox and one at the side; tails/2 means there’s one on both sides. Proceed to next table. Smoke Deflector Table Smoke deflectors are used to try to channel the wind from running at speed, and blow it upwards towards the smokestack. This aims to help keep the smoke, steam, embers and so on blown up out of the way of the crew and their line of sight. Though some designs may work better than others, there are quite a handful of types.

1d20 NAME INFO EXAMPLES

1-6 None No deflectors built on. LNER A1, SR Schools (no deflectors), PKP TKt48-87

7-10 Wagner Large plates that run down far and/or to the frame. SR Schools, Peppercorn A2, BR 28, JNR D51

11-14 Witte Smaller plates that are suspended, attached to the sides of Flying Scotsman, DB 10, DRB 50, the boiler/smokebox. JNR D51 (499) (could be wing type deflectors?)

15-16 Wing Small plates that are attached near the top of the PKP TKt48 and Pm3, Thompson A2, DRB 01 smokebox, right near the smokestack.

17-20 Other Any other deflection method, including smoke ducts and Reading Crusader, Rexall Train, C&NW E2, especially built-in channels and screens on streamlined NSWGR C38 engines. END OF v1 Enjoy your new locomotive; and if you so like, try some new rolls for a shot at a wholly new one sometime

See you, rail cowboy