Molecular and Morphological Data Confirm the Occurrence of Two
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Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees. -
HELWINGIACEAE 1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp
Flora of China 14: 227–229. 2005. HELWINGIACEAE 青荚叶科 qing jia ye ke Xiang Qiuyun (向秋云 Jenny Xiang)1; David E. Boufford2 Shrubs, rarely small trees, dioecious, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, stipulate; stipules 2, early deciduous, divided or not; blade margins glandular serrate or crenate; veins pinnate. Inflorescences umbels, sessile, borne on midvein of leaf blade, rarely on petiole of leaves on upper part of young branches. Flowers 3- or 4(or 5)-merous, green or purple-green, uni- sexual; calyx teeth 3 or 4(or 5); petals 3 or 4(or 5); floral disk flat, fleshy. Staminate flowers 3–20 per umbel; stamens 3 or 4(or 5), alternate petals; anther locules 2. Carpellate flowers 1–4 per umbel; style short; stigma lobes 3 or 4(or 5), reflexed; ovary inferior, locules 3 or 4(or 5); ovules 1 per locule, pendulous, apotropous, with dorsal raphe. Fruit berries, drupelike. Seeds (stones) 1–4(or 5), with grooves and ridges when dry, crowned by persistent calyx and style; endosperm smooth; embryo straight. One genus and four species: Bhutan, China, N India, Japan, S Korea, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, N Vietnam; four species (one en- demic) in China. Soong Tzepu. 1990. Helwingia. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 20–35. 1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 634, 716. 1806, nom. cons., not Helvingia Adanson (1763). 青荚叶属 qing jia ye shu Shrubs evergreen or deciduous, 1–2 m tall, rarely small trees to 8 m tall. Leaves petiolate; petiole rounded; leaf blade linear-lan- ceolate to broadly ovate, papery, subleathery, or leathery, glabrous or pubescent; veins 5–9, inconspicuous or conspicuous. -
Ancistrocladaceae
Soltis et al—American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. 2011. – Data Supplement S2 – page 1 Soltis, Douglas E., Stephen A. Smith, Nico Cellinese, Kenneth J. Wurdack, David C. Tank, Samuel F. Brockington, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez, Jay B. Walker, Michael J. Moore, Barbara S. Carlsward, Charles D. Bell, Maribeth Latvis, Sunny Crawley, Chelsea Black, Diaga Diouf, Zhenxiang Xi, Catherine A. Rushworth, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Kenneth J. Sytsma, Yin-Long Qiu, Khidir W. Hilu, Charles C. Davis, Michael J. Sanderson, Reed S. Beaman, Richard G. Olmstead, Walter S. Judd, Michael J. Donoghue, and Pamela S. Soltis. Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa. American Journal of Botany 98(4): 704-730. Appendix S2. The maximum likelihood majority-rule consensus from the 17-gene analysis shown as a phylogram with mtDNA included for Polyosma. Names of the orders and families follow APG III (2009); other names follow Cantino et al. (2007). Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages. 67 Acalypha Spathiostemon 100 Ricinus 97 100 Dalechampia Lasiocroton 100 100 Conceveiba Homalanthus 96 Hura Euphorbia 88 Pimelodendron 100 Trigonostemon Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum (incl. Peraceae) 100 Croton Hevea Manihot 10083 Moultonianthus Suregada 98 81 Tetrorchidium Omphalea 100 Endospermum Neoscortechinia 100 98 Pera Clutia Pogonophora 99 Cespedesia Sauvagesia 99 Luxemburgia Ochna Ochnaceae 100 100 53 Quiina Touroulia Medusagyne Caryocar Caryocaraceae 100 Chrysobalanus 100 Atuna Chrysobalananaceae 100 100 Licania Hirtella 100 Euphronia Euphroniaceae 100 Dichapetalum 100 -
New Plants for 2018 Trees
New plants for 2018 Trees Acer griseum x maximowiczianum ‘Cinnamon Girl’ – New hybrid Paperbark maple with outstanding year around interest. This tree has cool fissured and peeling brown bark and clean foliage turning brilliant orange/red in the fall. Easy to grow and adaptable for use in most garden locations. Grows 20-25 feet tall and wide. Cornus x ‘Rosey Teacups’ - A new disease resistant dogwood with clean foliage and excellent pink early summer bloom. The flowers are cupped up a bit for an attractive and unique look. Use as a nice specimen tree in the landscape located in sun to part shade. Grows 15 to 20 feet tall and wide. Cornus kousa ‘Scarlet Fire’ – Outstanding Dogwood out of the Rutgers breeding program. Disease resistant with bright fuchsia pink bracts in early summer. The flowers are followed by red fruits for wildlife and persist into fall for additional garden interest. Grows 20-25 feet tall and wide. Styrax japonica ‘Evening Light’ – A fabulous new variety of Japanese Snowbell that has purple to violet foliage! Dark leaves are followed by a nice fragrant light pink to white flower in late spring – often blooming a bit in the fall as well. This is a tidy garden tree growing to 15 feet tall and 10 feet wide. An easy to grow NW tree. Acer circinatum ‘Three Cheers’ - A new selection of our native Vine Maple with wonderful upright and tidy shape/structure. These easy-to-grow garden trees will now fit into a tighter spot for focal point/upright structure without all the side branching, growing 15 feet tall or so & only 6 feet wide. -
Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Investigation of Hong
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigation of Hong Kong Ilex chloroplast genomes Bobby Lim‑Ho Kong1,3, Hyun‑Seung Park2, Tai‑Wai David Lau1,3, Zhixiu Lin4, Tae‑Jin Yang2 & Pang‑Chui Shaw1,3* Ilex is a monogeneric plant group (containing approximately 600 species) in the Aquifoliaceae family and one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs. However, its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships at the species level are debatable. Herein, we obtained the complete chloroplast genomes of all 19 Ilex types that are native to Hong Kong. The genomes are conserved in structure, gene content and arrangement. The chloroplast genomes range in size from 157,119 bp in Ilex gracilifora to 158,020 bp in Ilex kwangtungensis. All these genomes contain 125 genes, of which 88 are protein‑coding and 37 are tRNA genes. Four highly varied sequences (rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD-psaC and ycf1) were found. The number of repeats in the Ilex genomes is mostly conserved, but the number of repeating motifs varies. The phylogenetic relationship among the 19 Ilex genomes, together with eight other available genomes in other studies, was investigated. Most of the species could be correctly assigned to the section or even series level, consistent with previous taxonomy, except Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa, Ilex asprella var. tapuensis and Ilex chapaensis. These species were reclassifed; I. rotunda was placed in the section Micrococca, while the other two were grouped with the section Pseudoaquifolium. These studies provide a better understanding of Ilex phylogeny and refne its classifcation. Ilex, a monogeneric plant group in the family Aquifoliaceae, is a widespread genus. -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence. -
Shoot Structure of Symphytum Officinale L. (Boraginaceae) in Relation to the Nature of Its Axially Shifted Lateral Branches
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wulfenia Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 18 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kotelnikova Ksenia V., Tretjakova Daria J., Nuraliev Maxim S. Artikel/Article: Shoot structure of Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) in relation to the nature of its axially shifted lateral branches. 63-79 © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 18 (2011): 63 –79 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Shoot structure of Symphytum offi cinale L. (Boraginaceae) in relation to the nature of its axially shifted lateral branches Ksenia V. Kotelnikova, Daria J. Tretjakova & Maxim S. Nuraliev Summary: Shoot structure of Symphytum offi cinale was studied in terms of its architecture, vascular anatomy and morphogenesis. The main stem and lower stems of secondary order typically bear axially shifted lateral branches (along with axillary ones). This results in development of internode-like stem section between the lateral branch and its subtending leaf. Each shifted branch possesses two stem leaves (prophylls) and a terminal infl orescence. All lateral buds are initiated in the leaf axils. At later developmental stages some of them become shifted due to the intercalary growth of the stem between them and their subtending leaves. The intercalary stem portion possesses internodal stele structure, and the stele of the lateral stem branches from the main stele almost at the level of lateral stem insertion. This phenomenon can be treated as concaulescence (i.e. congenital fusion), though no strict evidences for phylogenetic fusion were found. Stems of Symphytum offi cinale also bear green wings of leafy nature. -
Besleria Macropoda (Gesneriaceae): Lectotypification, Distribution, Functional Epiphylly and Discordant Fruit Morphology of a Rare Costa Rican Endemic
Phytotaxa 233 (2): 139–152 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.233.2.2 Besleria macropoda (Gesneriaceae): lectotypification, distribution, functional epiphylly and discordant fruit morphology of a rare Costa Rican endemic ANDREAS BERGER1, JOHN L. CLARK2 & ANTON WEBER3 1 Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [email protected] 2 Science Department, The Lawrenceville School, 2500 Main Strret, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA. [email protected] 3 Division of Structural and Functional Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [email protected] Abstract Besleria macropoda, a rare and poorly known gesneriad endemic to Costa Rica, was recently collected for the first time on the southern slopes of the Fila Costeña (Puntarenas Province, SE Costa Rica). The collection considerably widens the geographic distribution to the southeastern part of Costa Rica. Moreover, the following unique characters not previously addressed in the literature were observed and are documented here: (1) The elongate peduncles of the inflorescences are clamped in a channel formed by the sunken midrib of the leaf, rendering the flowers and fruits positioned in the center of the leaf blade. The epiphyllous appearance of the inflorescence on the leaf surface enhances contrasting colors that may aid the pollination and/or fruit dispersal. (2) The fruits split open irregularly, with the fleshy carpel lobes becoming reflexed. -
Schisandra Chinensis Sam Schmerler
Plainly Unique: Schisandra chinensis Sam Schmerler he plants of the Arnold Arboretum dis- into elongated fruits with numerous bright red, play incredible floral diversity. Magnolia berrylike fruitlets. Winter will reveal exfoliating Tmacrophylla’s huge waxy blooms open bark resembling that of climbing hydrangea. twice, partly closing in between for an over- Evolutionary biologists (including Arboretum night sex change. Helwingia japonica sprouts director Ned Friedman) have discovered that tiny green umbels in the center of otherwise Schisandra and the other Austrobaileyales can unremarkable leaves. Davidia involucrata for- offer insight into many key events in the his- goes petals entirely, but shelters its reproductive tory of flowering plants. Aspects of Schisandra’s organs with massive white bracts. Even wild vascular system may represent an early step in Viola sororia, flagging down bees with its iconic the development of vessels, the structures that violets, surreptitiously sends out discrete, self- allow most flowering plants to rapidly trans- pollinating flowers underground. port water and ecologically dominate hot and With all this bizarre and beautiful reproduc- dry habitats. Schisandra also retains a relatively tion going on, most of us overlook the most simple anatomy during its haploid stage, with evolutionarily distinctive flowering plant in only four nuclei and one developmental module the collection: Schisandra chinensis. An unas- in each female gametophyte (almost all flower- ing plants have eight nuclei and two modules). suming woody vine, it represents a unique and The endosperm of Schisandra seeds conse- ancient lineage that parted ways with most other quently contains only one complement of genes flowering plants at least as far back as the early from each of its parents, while most flowering Cretaceous, before even “living fossils” like plants acquire an additional copy of their moms’ Magnolia. -
Windcliff Plants Nursery
Virtual Hortlandia 2020 Windcliff Plants Nursery www.danieljhinkley.com This week Joanne Fuller interviewed Dan Hinkley by email and edited the conversation for this article. Dan, what are some of your favorite plants that are available from the nursery right now? Hydrangea species collected from afar are one of my loves; mostly trying to figure out their identities as the taxonomy is quite muddled. Right now, we have Hydrangea serratifolia HCM 98166. It is a self-clinging climbing hydrangea from South Chile that has glossy green foliage and large white corymbs. It will take sun or shade with evenly moist soil. Hardy Begonia species are another that I am smitten by. A proven one available now is Begonia baviensis DJHV 13034. Here at Windcliff, it has been successfully cultivated outside for numerous years. It has bristly red stems, hairy leaves and large white flowers. It is best cultivated in partial shade and provided with some overstory protection. In my mind, all species of Polygonatum, Disporum, Disporopsis and Maianthemum are worth pursuing. Disporum longistylum ‘Lift Off’ is a Windcliff selection that is available right now. It has noticeably fatter stems, in spring rising to four feet carrying evergreen foliage and clusters of yellow flowers. I am a generalist however, so there are very few plants that I cannot get excited about-- except Echinaceas. I totally cannot get excited about Echinaceas. How did you get started? Being a nurseryman has been in my blood for as long as I can remember. I propagated plants in junior high school. Heronswood was the realization of my need to do it larger. -
MJ Donoghue and PD Cantino
campanulidae M. J. Donoghue and P. D. Cantino in P. D. Cantino et al. (2007): 837 [M. J. Donoghue and P. D. Cantino], converted clade name Registration Number: 248 and outside of this clade (e.g., flower size, style length). Erbar and Leins (1996) showed that Definition: The largest crown clade containing "early sympetaly" is largely restricted to this Campanula latifolia Linnaeus 1753 (Asterales) clade, but its correlation with inferior ovary but not Lamium purpureum Linnaeus 1753 and reduced calyx should be explored further (Lamiidae!Lamiales) and Cornus mas Linnaeus (Endress, 2001), and its placement on the tree 1753 (Cornales) and Erica carnea Linnaeus 1753 remains uncertain. For example, it may be an (Ericales/Ericaceae). This is a maximum-crown- apomorphy of the less inclusive clade Apiidae clade definition. Abbreviated definition: max (defined in this volume), as suggested by Stevens crown V (Campanula latifolia Linnaeus 1753 ~ (2011). Lamium purpureum Linnaeus 1753 & Cornus mas Linnaeus 1753 & Erica carnea Linnaeus 1753). Synonyms: The informal names "asterid II", "euasterid(s) II", and "campanulids" are approx- Etymology: Derived from Campanula (name imate synonyms (see Comments). of an included taxon), which is Latin for "little bell" (Gledhill, 1989). Comments: Until we published the name Campanulidae (Camino et al., 2007), there Reference Phylogeny: The primary reference was no preexisting scientific name for this phylogeny is Soltis et al. (2011: Figs. 1, 2e-g). clade, which is strongly supported in molecu- See also Soltis et al. (2000: Figs. 1, 12), Karehed lar analyses (Soltis et al., 2000; Bremer et al., (2001: Figs. 1, 2), Bremer et al. -
LAN SU Master Species List 06-2021
Lan Su Chinese Garden Master Species List by Bed Botanical Name Common Name Chinese Name Pinyin Code Bed 1N Indocalamus latifolius bamboo 箬竹属 ruò zhú shu B Bed 1W Kerria japonica 'Golden Guinea' kerria 棣棠花属 di tang hua shu S Trachelospermum asiaticum Asian jasmine 亚洲络石 ya zhou luo shi V Bed 1E Pinellia cordata miniature green dragon 半夏属 ban xia shu H Bletilla ochracea yellow ground orchid 白及属 báijí shǔ H Liriope spicata lilyturf 山麦冬属 shān mài dōng shǔ G Ophiopogon japonicus 'Nana' dwarf mondo grass 沿阶草属 yan jie cao shu G Lysimachia paridiformis var. stenophylla lysimachia 珍珠菜属 zhēn zhū cài shǔ H Oxalis crassipes Chinese sorrel 酢浆草属 zuò jiāng căo shŭ H Camellia 'Bob's Tinsie' camellia 山茶属 shān chá shù S Gardenia 'Kleim's Hardy' Kleim's hardy gardenia 栀子属 zhi zi shu S Epimedium grandiflorum 'Rose Queen' goat plant; bishop's hat 淫羊藿属 yín yáng huò shǔ G Begonia grandis var. evansiana Chinese begonia 秋海棠 qiū hǎitáng H Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Chinese fringe flower 继木属 ji mu shu S Dichroa febrifuga evergreen hydrangea 黄常山 huang chang shan S Bletilla striata terrestrial orchid 白及属 báijí shǔ H Gardenia 'Kleim's Hardy' Kleim's hardy gardenia 栀子属 zhi zi shu S Osmanthus fragrans sweet olive 木犀属 mù xī shǔ T Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Chinese fringe flower 继木属 ji mu shu S Gardenia 'Kleim's Hardy' Kleim's hardy gardenia 栀子属 zhi zi shu S Bletilla striata 'Variegatum' terrestrial orchid 白及属 báijí shǔ H Pinellia cordata miniature green dragon 半夏属 ban xia shu H Epimedium grandiflorum 'Okuda's White' goat plant; bishop's hat 淫羊藿属 yín yáng huò shǔ G Magnolia delavayi mountain magnolia 木兰属 mù lán T Bed 2N 1 Lan Su Chinese Garden Master Species List by Bed Botanical Name Common Name Chinese Name Pinyin Code Camellia 'Taylor's Perfection' camellia 山茶属 shān chá shù S Rohdea japonica ten thousand years green 万年青属 wan nian qing shu G Musa basjoo hardy banana 芭蕉属 bā jiāo shu H Aspidistra elatior cast iron plant 蜘蛛抱蛋 zhī zhū bào dàn S Pyrossia sp.