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Phd Thesis for Hardbound Binding-Yuling Chou Constructing Women’s Identities in Self-Writing and Online Diaries in Taiwan Yu-Ling Chou (BA, MA) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Media, Music, Communication, and Cultural Studies Faculty of Arts, Macquarie University Sydney, New South Wales, Australia June 2014 Contents Statement of Candidate..................................................................................... vi Acknowledgement.............................................................................................vii Abstract ............................................................................................................viii Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 0.1 Leftover Women............................................................................................................1 0.2 Feminism, Femininity, and Marriage ............................................................................4 0.3 Women’s Diary Writing: Online and On Paper.............................................................8 0.4 The Emergence of Blogs..............................................................................................11 0.5 Subjectivity in Cyberspace ..........................................................................................12 0.6 Identity and Performance.............................................................................................13 0.7 Statement of Thesis......................................................................................................14 0.8 Methodology and Approach ........................................................................................16 0.9 Chapter Summaries......................................................................................................20 Chapter 1 Women’s Mobility and Self-expression in Taiwan...................... 24 1.1 Brief Overview of the Political History of Taiwan......................................................24 1.2 Development of Women’s Mobility and Social Engagement .....................................27 1.2.1 Taiwan under Japanese Rule (1895–1945)...........................................................28 1.2.2 Taiwan under Martial Law (1949–1987)..............................................................33 1.2.3 After the Repeal of Martial Law (1987–present)..................................................38 1.3 Women’s Narrative in Autobiographical Writings......................................................40 1.3.1 Semi-Autobiographical Novel—A Sky of One’s Own (1980).............................40 1.3.2 Oral History of Taiwanese Women—Grandma’s Stories (1995).........................43 1.3.3 Confession as Anti-attack—Confession of Romance (2002)...............................45 1.3.4 Women’s Diary as Alternative Room, History, and Confession..........................47 Chapter 2 Diary Writing as Feminist Practice .............................................. 49 2.1 Genealogy of Diaries as a Public Document ...............................................................50 2.2 The Publication of Diaries ...........................................................................................53 2.3 Diaries as Genre and Feminist Practice .......................................................................57 2.3.1 A Space for Her and Her Female Friends—Nüshu as Women’s Unique Language for Writing ..........................................................................................62 2.3.2 Nüshu and its Significance as a Feminist Practice ...............................................65 2.3.3 Women’s Script Beyond Male Dominance–Female Form of Communication....65 2.3.4 Utterance of Women’s Language .........................................................................67 iii 2.3.5 Social Networks of Emotional Support ................................................................68 2.3.6 Transcendence in Exhibition/Performance...........................................................69 2.4 Nüshu Works and Online Diaries as Feminist Practice ...............................................70 2.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................73 Chapter 3 Blogging as Art of the Self..............................................................75 3.1 Pre-Blog Computer Mediated Communication...........................................................76 3.1.1 BBS: The Meeting Place of Taiwanese Youth .....................................................76 3.1.2 My Paper: An Experiment in Public Journalism ..................................................78 3.2 The Development of the Weblog.................................................................................79 3.2.1 Naming and Timing..............................................................................................81 3.3 New media, Old politics ..............................................................................................82 3.4 Old Genre, New Trick .................................................................................................85 3.4.1 Blogging as Social Action ....................................................................................86 3.5 The Personal Can Be Political or Diary Writing as Feminist Action ..........................88 3.5.1 The Feminist Denial .............................................................................................89 3.5.2 Feminist Narratives as Social Engagement ..........................................................91 3.6 Representation of the Self and Online Identity............................................................92 3.6.1 Being Cyborg........................................................................................................94 3.6.2 Posthuman Being..................................................................................................96 3.6.3 Cyborg Body as an Interface ................................................................................98 3.6.4 Technologies of the Self in the Age of Internet....................................................99 Chapter 4 Wealthy Lady Nana’s Diary: Caring, Showing, Performing, and Producing of the Self ..........................................................................101 4.1 From Diary to Blog: Writing as Constant Care of the Self .......................................102 4.2 Show Thyself to Know Thyself: Representation of the Self as a Symbol.................106 4.2.1 Symbol System in the Blog ................................................................................107 4.2.2 Femininity and Negotiated Identity ....................................................................112 4.3 Way of Seeing the Self: Surveillance and Performance............................................115 4.3.1 Blogging as Self-Performance............................................................................115 4.3.2 Nonstop Online Diary Writing as Self-Surveillance ..........................................118 4.4 Blogging as Process of Self-production ....................................................................122 Chapter 5 Indoorsy Woman Showon’s Diary: Blogging as Social Action...128 5.1 Collective Identity in Mediated Voyeurism ..............................................................130 5.1.1 The Slogan: Rubbish Mountain as Communal Therapy.....................................133 5.1.2 The Name: Indoorsy Woman Showon as Collective Identity ............................135 5.1.3 The Mask: An Expressive Woman in Disguise..................................................137 5.2 Double-sided Representation of Women’s Ambiversion ..........................................141 iv 5.3 Diary Writing as Empowering Exhibition.................................................................146 5.3.1 Laugh Hard, if You Can’t Beat it .......................................................................149 5.3.2 Self-Mockery as Resistance................................................................................150 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 152 Review of the Thesis ..........................................................................................................152 Blog as Theatre of Intimacy................................................................................................155 Blogging as Intimate Contact in a Solitary Space ..............................................................157 The blog as a Space for the Revelation of Women’s Subjectivity .....................................157 Fulfilment of Women’s Femininity ....................................................................................158 Women’s Online Diary Writing as Quiet Revolution ........................................................160 References........................................................................................................ 163 v Statement of Candidate I certify that the work in this thesis, entitled “Constructing Women’s Identities in Self-Writing and Online Diaries in Taiwan”, has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree to any other university or institution other than Macquarie University. I also certify that the thesis is an original piece of research and it has been
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